Splash Screen

Chapter Menu

Chapter Introduction

Section 1: Reconstruction Plans

Section 2: Radicals in Control

Section 3: The South During Reconstruction

Section 4: Change in the South

Visual Summary

Chapter Intro

Reconstruction Plans

Essential Question How did plans to unify the nation differ after the Civil War?

Chapter Intro

Radicals in Control

Essential Question What were the results of Radical Reconstruction?

Chapter Intro

The South During Reconstruction

Essential Question In what ways did government in the Southern states change during Reconstruction?

Chapter Intro

Change in the South

Essential Question How did the South change politically, economically, and socially when Reconstruction ended?

Chapter Time Line

Chapter Time Line

Chapter Preview-End

Section 1-Essential Question

How did plans to unify the nation differ after the Civil War?

Section 1-Key Terms

Content Vocabulary

• Reconstruction

• amnesty

Academic Vocabulary

• radical

• adjust

Reading Guide

Section 1-Key Terms

Key People and Events

• Ten Percent Plan

• Radical Republicans

• Thaddeus Stevens

• Wade-Davis Bill

• Freedmen’s Bureau

• John Wilkes Booth

• Andrew Johnson

Reading Guide (cont.)

A. A

B. B

C. C

D. D

Section 1-Polling Question

If you were President Lincoln, how would you have treated the South after it lost the Civil War?

A. I would have punished the South severely.

B. I would have forgiven the states and allowed them to rejoin the Union immediately.

C. I would have allowed the southern states to rejoin the Union as soon as they denounced slavery.

D. I would have allowed the states to rejoin the Union but not given them representation in government fora certain amount of time.

A B C D

0% 0%0%0%

Section 1

Reconstruction Debate

Government leaders disagreed about how Southern states could rejoin the Union.

Section 1

• Americans disagreed on how to go about rebuilding the Southern economy and society and how to readmit the Confederate states to the Union.

• The period of rebuilding is called Reconstruction.

Reconstruction Debate (cont.)

Section 1

• Lincoln’s Ten Percent Plan allowed Southern states to rejoin the Union after 10 percent of their voters took an oath of loyalty and adopted a new constitution that banned slavery.

– Three states—Louisiana, Arkansas, and Tennessee—set up governments under the plan in 1864.

Reconstruction Debate (cont.)

Viewing Lincoln’s Funeral Train

Section 1

• Lincoln offered amnesty to all white Southerners who would swear loyalty to the Union, except Confederate leaders.

• Thaddeus Stevens and others—known as the Radical Republicans—considered Lincoln’s plan too forgiving and favored a more radical approach.

Reconstruction Debate (cont.)

Viewing Lincoln’s Funeral Train

Section 1

• The Wade-Davis Bill, passed by Congress in 1864, had tougher requirements for readmission to the Union.

– Lincoln refused to sign the bill.

Reconstruction Debate (cont.)

• Lincoln and Congress set up the Freedmen’s Bureau to help African Americans adjust to freedom.

A. A

B. B

C. C

D. D

Section 1

A B

C

D

0% 0%0%0%

Which of the following was a provision of the Wade-Thomas Bill?

A. African American males in a state had to swear loyalty to the Union.

B. Former Confederates could not hold public office.

C. Confederate states could be admitted to the Union even if they kept slavery.

D. Half of all delegates to a constitutional conventionhad to be formerly enslaved people.

Section 1

Johnson’s Plan

After Lincoln was assassinated, Andrew Johnson became president and announced his plan of “Restoration.”

Section 1

• Abraham Lincoln was assassinated by Confederate sympathizer John Wilkes Booth on April 14, 1865.

• Vice President Andrew Johnson became president and set up a plan for Reconstruction, called “Restoration.”

• By the end of 1865, all former Confederate states, except Texas, had new governments, ratified the Thirteenth Amendment, and were ready to rejoin the Union.

Johnson’s Plan (cont.)

A. A

B. B

C. C

D. D

Section 1

A B

C

D

0% 0%0%0%

What did the Thirteenth Amendment accomplish?

A. It welcomed former Confederate states back into the Union.

B. It made secession illegal.

C. It pardoned Confederate leaders.

D. It abolished slavery throughout the Union.

Section 1-End

Section 2-Essential Question

What were the results of Radical Reconstruction?

Section 2-Key Terms

Content Vocabulary

• black codes

• override

• impeach

Academic Vocabulary

• convince

• suspend

Reading Guide

Section 2-Key Terms

Key People and Events

• Civil Rights Act of 1866

• First Reconstruction Act

• Second Reconstruction Act

• Tenure of Office Act

• Edwin Stanton

• Ulysses S. Grant

Reading Guide (cont.)

A. A

B. B

C. C

D. D

Section 2-Polling Question

Rate your agreement with the following statement: The system of checks and balances prevents any branch of government from having too much power.

A. Strongly agree

B. Somewhat agree

C. Somewhat disagree

D. Strongly disagree A B C D

0% 0%0%0%

Section 2

African Americans’ Rights

When Northerners realized that African Americans in the South were still being mistreated, they worked to find a way to help them.

Section 2

• Violence against African Americans in Memphis convinced Radical Republicans that Johnson’s Reconstruction plan was not strong.

• Many Southern states passed black codes to control the African American population.

African Americans’ Rights (cont.)

Section 2

• Congress passed the Civil Rights Act of 1866 which granted full citizenship to African Americans and gave the federal government the power to intervene in state affairs to protect their rights.

– President Johnson vetoed the bill, but Republicans in Congress had enough votes to override the veto.

African Americans’ Rights (cont.)

• The Fourteenth Amendment granted full citizenship to anyone born in the United States.

A. A

B. B

C. C

D. D

Section 2

A B

C

D

0% 0%0%0%

What was Andrew Johnson’s reaction to the Civil Rights Act of 1866?

A. He supported the law even though he believed it did not protect African Americans.

B. He said it was unconstitutional because it was passed by a Congress that did not include representatives of all states.

C. He persuaded Congress to pass the bill.

D. He vetoed it because it gave states too much power.

Section 2

Radical Reconstruction

Radical Republicans were able to put their version of Reconstruction into action.

Section 2

• Congress passed a series of laws during Radical Reconstruction.

– The First Reconstruction Act set up military commanders to govern 10 Southern states until new state governments were created.

– The Second Reconstruction Act required the military commanders to register voters and prepare for state constitutional conventions.

Radical Reconstruction (cont.)

Military Reconstruction Districts, 1867

Section 2

– The Tenure of Office Act prohibited the president from removing government officials without the Senate’s approval.

• In 1867, President Johnson suspended and then removed from office Secretary of War Edwin Stanton without the Senate’s approval.

• The House of Representatives voted to impeach Johnson, but the Senate failed to achieve the two-thirds majority required for conviction.

Radical Reconstruction (cont.)

Section 2

• The election of Ulysses S. Grant as president in 1868 showed that voters supported the Republican approach to Reconstruction.

• The Fifteenth Amendment, ratified in 1870, prohibited the state and federal governments from denying the right to vote to any male citizen because of “race, color, or previous condition of servitude.”

Radical Reconstruction (cont.)

A. A

B. B

C. C

D. D

Section 2

A B

C

D

0% 0%0%0%

Which Amendment gave African American men the right to vote?

A. The Thirteenth Amendment

B. The Fourteenth Amendment

C. The Fifteenth Amendment

D. The Sixteenth Amendment

Section 2-End

Section 3-Essential Question

In what ways did government in the Southern states change during Reconstruction?

Section 3-Key Terms

Content Vocabulary

• scalawag

• carpetbagger

• corruption

• integrate

• sharecropping

Academic Vocabulary

• credit

• academy

Reading Guide

Section 3-Key Terms

Key People and Events

• Hiram Revels

• Blanche K. Bruce

Reading Guide (cont.)

A. A

B. B

Section 3-Polling Question

In your opinion, should President Johnson have been removed from office?

A. Yes

B. No

0%0%

Section 3

Reconstruction Politics

As African Americans began to take part in civic life in the South, they faced resistance, including violence, from whites.

Section 3

• Though they did not control any state government, African Americans were elected to public office and played an important role in Reconstruction politics.

– Hiram Revels was elected to the U.S. Senate in 1870.

– Blanche K. Bruce, a former escaped slave, was elected to the U.S. Senate in 1874.

Reconstruction Politics (cont.)

Section 3

– Between 1869 and 1880, 16 African Americans served in the House of Representatives.

• Southerners who supported the Republicans were called scalawags by former Confederates.

• Northerners who moved South after the war were known as carpetbaggers.

• Many Southerners accused Reconstruction governments of corruption.

Reconstruction Politics (cont.)

A. A

B. B

C. C

D. D

Section 3

A B

C

D

0% 0%0%0%

Southern whites who supported Republicans were called

A. scalawags

B. sharecroppers

C. carpetbaggers

D. freedmen

Section 3

Education and Farming

Education improved for both races in the South, but the sharecropping system limited economic opportunities for African Americans.

Section 3

• Reconstruction governments created public schools and academies for both races.

– A few states required that schools be integrated, but the laws were not enforced.

Education and Farming (cont.)

Section 3

• Sharecropping became a common form of work for African Americans, but for many, sharecropping was little better than slavery.

Education and Farming (cont.)

A. A

B. B

C. C

D. D

Section 3

A B

C

D

0% 0%0%0%

What was the relationship between sharecroppers and landowners?

A. Landowners owned sharecroppers.

B. Landowners sold small parcels of land to sharecroppers.

C. Sharecroppers rented a parcel of land from a landowner.

D. Sharecroppers worked the landowner’s land for asmall annual salary.

Section 3-End

Section 4-Essential Question

How did the South change politically, economically, and socially when Reconstruction ended?

Section 4-Key Terms

Content Vocabulary

• cash crop

• poll tax

• literacy test

• grandfather clause

• segregation

• lynching

Academic Vocabulary

• outcome

• commission

Reading Guide

Section 4-Key Terms

Key People and Events

• Amnesty Act

• Rutherford B. Hayes

• Compromise of 1877

• Jim Crow laws

• Plessy v. Ferguson

Reading Guide (cont.)

A. A

B. B

C. C

D. D

Section 4-Polling Question

Which of the following is most important to gaining freedom and equality?

A. Education

B. Money

C. The right to vote

D. The right to run for government office

A B C D

0% 0%0%0%

Section 4

The End of Reconstruction

Democrats steadily regained control of Southern governments as support for Radical Reconstruction policies decreased.

Section 4

• During the Grant administration, Northerners began losing interest in Reconstruction.

• President Grant was reelected in 1872 despite a split over corruption in the Republican Party that resulted in the creation of the Liberal Republican Party.

The End of Reconstruction (cont.)

Politics in Mississippi

Section 4

• Supported by Liberal Republicans, the Amnesty Act of 1872 pardoned most former Confederates and helped Democrats regain control of Southern state governments.

The End of Reconstruction (cont.)

Politics in Mississippi

Section 4

• Republican Rutherford B. Hayes faced Democrat Samuel Tilden in the 1876 presidential race.

– Disputed returns kept the outcome of the election in doubt, and a special commission was set up by Congress to review the election results.

The End of Reconstruction (cont.)

Struggle of Reconstruction

Section 4

– The Compromise of 1877 granted favors to the South in return for not fighting the commission’s decision to elect Hayes.

• Under Hayes, the federal government would no longer attempt to reshape Southern society. Reconstruction had come to an end.

The End of Reconstruction (cont.)

Struggle of Reconstruction

A. A

B. B

C. C

D. D

Section 4

A B

C

D

0% 0%0%0%

Which of the following happened during the Grant administration?

A. Radical Republicans became more powerful.

B. Corruption charges weakened Democrats.

C. Many Northerners began to think the South should solve its own problems.

D. Most white Southerners supported Republicans.

Section 4

Change in the South

After Reconstruction, the South experienced a political shift and industrial growth.

Section 4

• When Reconstruction ended, power in the South shifted to the Democrats.

• Some Southerners wanted to build a “New South” with industries based on the region’s abundant coal, iron, tobacco, cotton, and lumber.

Change in the South (cont.)

Sharecropping

Section 4

• While agriculture remained the South’s main economic activity, industry made dramatic gains in the 1880s.

Change in the South (cont.)

• To help repay debt, Southern farmers grew cash crops; however, sharecropping and the reliance on one cash crop kept Southern agriculture from advancing.

Sharecropping

A. A

B. B

C. C

D. D

Section 4

A B

C

D

0% 0%0%0%

To what did the term “New South” refer?

A. A new era of cotton plantations

B. A second civil war

C. A new era of racial harmony

D. A new era of Southern industry

Section 4

A Divided Society

As Reconstruction ended, true freedom for African Americans became a distant dream.

Section 4

• Southern leaders found ways to prevent African Americans from exercising their right to vote.

– Many Southern states required a poll tax that kept many poor African Americans and poor whites from voting.

– Some states required voters to pass a literacy test before they could vote, which excluded many uneducated African Americans.

A Divided Society (cont.)

Section 4

– Grandfather clauses allowed white voters who could not read to vote if their fathers or grandfathers had voted before Reconstruction.

• Segregation, enforced by Jim Crow laws, continued to separate African Americans from whites in society.

A Divided Society (cont.)

Section 4

• In 1896 the Supreme Court upheld segregation laws in the case of Plessy v. Ferguson, which ruled that “separate but equal” facilities were constitutional.

• Acts of violence—including lynching—against African Americans increased.

A Divided Society (cont.)

A. A

B. B

C. C

D. D

Section 4

A B

C

D

0% 0%0%0%

What enabled illiterate whites to vote while excluding illiterate African Americans?

A. Grandfather clauses

B. Jim Crow laws

C. The case of Plessy v. Ferguson

D. Poll taxes

Section 4-End

VS 1

VS 2

VS-End

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4A

Figure 4B

Figure 5

S1 Trans Menu

Section Transparencies Menu

Daily Test Practice Transparency 17–1

Lesson Transparency 17A

Lesson Transparency 17B

Select a transparency to view.

DTP Trans 1

LT 1A

LT 1B

S2 Trans Menu

Section Transparencies Menu

Daily Test Practice Transparency 17–2

Select a transparency to view.

DTP Trans 2

S3 Trans Menu

Section Transparencies Menu

Daily Test Practice Transparency 17–3

Select a transparency to view.

DTP Trans 3

S4 Trans Menu

Section Transparencies Menu

Daily Test Practice Transparency 17–4

Lesson Transparency 17C

Select a transparency to view.

DTP Trans 4

LT 4

Vocab1

Reconstruction 

the reorganization and rebuilding of the former Confederate states after the Civil War

Vocab2

amnesty 

the granting of pardon to a large number of persons; protection from prosecution for an illegal act

Vocab3

radical 

extreme

Vocab4

adjust 

adapt

Vocab5

black codes 

laws passed in the South just after the Civil War aimed at controlling freedmen and enabling plantation owners to exploit African American workers

Vocab6

override 

to overturn or defeat, as a bill proposed in Congress

Vocab7

impeach 

to formally charge a public official with misconduct in office

Vocab8

convince 

to persuade (someone) that something is true

Vocab9

suspend 

to prevent or bar from carrying out official duties

Vocab10

scalawags 

name given by former Confederates to Southern whites who supported Republican Reconstruction of the South

Vocab11

carpetbagger 

northerner who moved to the South after the Civil War

Vocab12

corruption 

dishonest or illegal actions

Vocab13

integrate 

to end separation of different races and bring into equal membership in society

Vocab14

sharecropping 

system of farming in which a farmer works land for an owner who provides equipment and seeds and receives a share of the crop

Vocab15

credit 

a form of loan; ability to buy goods based on future payment

Vocab16

academy 

a private high school; school that provides specialized training

Vocab17

cash crop 

farm crop raised to be sold for money

Vocab18

poll tax 

a tax of a fixed amount per person that had to be paid before the person could vote

Vocab19

literacy test 

a method used to prevent African Americans from voting by requiring prospective voters to read and write at a specified level

Vocab20

grandfather clause 

a clause that allowed individuals who did not pass the literacy test to vote if their fathers or grandfathers had voted before Reconstruction began; an exception to a law based on preexisting circumstances

Vocab21

segregation 

the separation or isolation of a race, class, or group

Vocab22

lynching 

putting to death a person by the illegal action of a mob

Vocab23

outcome 

result

Vocab24

commission 

a group of persons directed to perform some duty

Click the Forward button to go to the next slide.

Click the Previous button to return to the previous slide.

Click the Home button to return to the Chapter Menu.

Click the Transparency button from within a section to access the transparencies that are relevant to the section.

Click the Return button in a feature to return to the main presentation.

Click the History Online button to access online textbook features.

Click the Reference Atlas button to access the Interactive Reference Atlas.

Click the Exit button or press the Escape key [Esc] to end the chapter slide show.

Click the Help button to access this screen.

Links to Presentation Plus! features such as Maps in Motion, Graphs in Motion, Charts in Motion, Concepts in Motion, figures from your textbook, and Section Spotlight Videos are located at the bottom of relevant screens.

To use this Presentation Plus! product:

End of Custom Shows

This slide is intentionally blank.