Splash Screen Section 1-5 (pages 240–241) The Era of Good Feelings Click the mouse button or press...

(pages 240–241)(pages 240–241)

The Era of Good Feelings

Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.

• After the __________, Americans had a sense of national pride.

• Americans felt more __________toward the United States than toward their state or region.

• The Monroe presidency is described as the Era of _________________.

• Only one major political party–the __________-had any power.

(pages 240–241)(pages 240–241)



• This was also a period when a lot of Americans moved __________.

• The U.S. experienced the largest __________of people in American history.

• Six states entered the Union in __________:

__________(1816), __________(1817), __________(1818), _________(1819), _______(1820), and ________ (1821).

(pages 240–241)(pages 240–241)



• Moving West: why and how.

• People moved west largely because they weren’t __________of Indians anymore.

• The land out West was very high __________.

• Transportation __________made travel available to virtually anyone (i.e. Ohio River very popular).

• __________for wealth (especially with cotton).


(pages 241–242)(pages 241–242)

Economic Nationalism• American __________worked to bind the

nation together.

• Their program included creating a new __________, protecting American manufacturers from foreign __________, and improving transportation in order to __________the country together.

• Since the United States did not have a national bank during the War of 1812, it had to pay high ________rates on the money it borrowed to pay for the war.


• In 1816 John C. Calhoun introduced a bill to create the __________Bank of the United States. Congress passed the bill.

• Congress passed the Tariff of 1816 to protect __________from foreign competition.

• Earlier, ____________________provided income for the federal government.

• The Tariff of 1816 was a ____________________ that helped American manufacturers by taxing imports to drive up their prices.

Economic Nationalism (cont.)

(pages 241–242)(pages 241–242)


• In 1816 John C. Calhoun proposed a plan to improve the nation’s transportation system. It was __________by President Madison.

• Instead, private businesses and state and local governments paid for road and __________construction.

Economic Nationalism (cont.)

(pages 241–242)(pages 241–242)


(pages 242–243)(pages 242–243)

Judicial Nationalism• Between 1816 and 1824, Chief Justice

of the United States, ____________________, ruled in three cases that established the power of the federal government over the states.

• In 1816 the decision in ______________________________ helped establish the Supreme Court as the nation’s court of final appeal.


• In 1819 in McCulloch v. Maryland, Marshall said that the Second Bank was constitutional because the “__________ and __________” clause meant that the federal government could use any method for carrying out its powers, as long as the method was not expressly __________in the Constitution.

• He also ruled that state governments could not ________with an agency of the federal government exercising its specific constitutional powers within a state.

Judicial Nationalism (cont.)

(pages 242–243)(pages 242–243)


• In the 1824 court case, Gibbons v. Ogden, the Supreme Court ruled that the Constitution granted the federal government control over __________ __________.

• The court interpreted that to include all trade along the coast or on __________dividing states.

Judicial Nationalism (cont.)

(pages 242–243)(pages 242–243)


(pages 243–244)(pages 243–244)

Nationalist Diplomacy• __________in the United States

influenced the nation to expand its borders and assert itself in world affairs.

• In the early 1800s, Spanish-held Florida angered many Southerners because runaway slaves fled there and because the __________, led by ________, used Florida as a base to stage raids against American settlements in Georgia.

• Americans could not cross the border into __________territory.


• In 1818 General _________ ___________seized Spanish settlements in Florida and removed the __________of Florida from power.

• In the __________________ Treaty of 1819, Spain ceded all of Florida to the United States and finalized the western border of the Louisiana Purchase.

• By 1824 all of Spain’s colonies on the American mainland had declared __________.

Nationalist Diplomacy (cont.)

(pages 243–244)(pages 243–244)


• Meanwhile Great Britain, Austria, Prussia, and Russia (and later France), formed the __________Alliance.

• Their goal was to stop movements against __________in Europe.

• Members of the alliance, except Great Britain, proposed helping __________regain control of its overseas colonies.

• In response, President Monroe issued the __________ __________.


(pages 243–244)(pages 243–244)

• This policy declared that the United States would prevent other countries from interfering in __________ __________ political affairs.


(pages 243–244)(pages 243–244)

• U.S. would not __________in Europe’s business.

• Monroe __________Europe return the favor.

• However, the U.S. was not able __________to enforce the doctrine.

Checking for Understanding

__ 1. tax on imports for the purpose of raising money

__ 2. tax on imports designed to protect American manufacturers

A. revenue tariff

B. protective tariff

Define Match the terms on the right with their definitions on the left.

Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answers.



(pages 245–247)(pages 245–247)

A Revolution in Transportation


• In the early 1800s, a transportation revolution, including the construction of the __________ __________, occurred in the Northern states.

• This led to great social and economic __________.

• In 1806 Congress funded the building of the __________ __________, a major east-west highway that started in Cumberland, Maryland, and ended in Wheeling, Virginia (now West Virginia).

• This was the largest __________funded transportation project of its time.

• Most highway __________were funded by state and local governments and by private businesses.

• In 1807 the steamboat called the __________, designed by Robert Fulton, traveled upstream on the Hudson River.

• __________made river travel more reliable and upstream travel easier.


(pages 245–247)(pages 245–247)

A Revolution in Transportation(cont.)

• This caused a growth in river travel and __________building.

• __________were built in America in the early 1800s and helped settle the West and expand trade among the nation’s regions.


(pages 245–247)(pages 245–247)

A Revolution in Transportation(cont.)

• They also created national markets by making __________cheaper and increased the demand for __________ and __________.

(pages 247–249)(pages 247–249)

A New System of Production


• The __________Revolution began in Britain in the 1700s.

• The revolution consisted of several __________in business and industry.

• Industry developed quickly in the United States in the _____________.

• Important factors included free enterprise and the passage of general incorporation __________.

• __________began in the Northeast, where swift-flowing streams powered the factories.

• In addition, entrepreneurs and merchants in that region had money to __________in industry.

• In 1789 Samuel Slater built a __________machine in __________ __________.

A New System of Production (cont.)


(pages 247–249)(pages 247–249)

• In 1814 __________ __________opened several textile mills in northeastern Massachusetts. He started mass production of cotton cloth in the United States.

• Many inventions and technological innovations increased the industrial growth in the __________ __________.

• ____________________developed the idea of interchangeable parts in the __________ __________.



(pages 247–249)(pages 247–249)

• Machines were able to produce large amounts of __________pieces that workers assembled into finished goods.

• Samuel F. B. Morse perfected the __________in 1832.

• He developed the Morse code for __________messages.

• Spurred by journalists, more than 50,000 miles of __________wire crossed the country by 1860.



(pages 247–249)(pages 247–249)

• Many city populations doubled or tripled.

• The growing __________provided many different occupations.

• One fast-growing industry was the __________industry, which grew to satisfy the __________demand for reading materials.

The Rise of Large Cities


• Industrialization in the United States in the early to mid-1800s caused many people to move from farms and villages to cities in search of __________jobs and __________wages.

(page 249)(page 249)

Workers Begin to Organize


• During the late 1820s and early 1830s, some factory workers joined __________ __________to improve working conditions.

(pages 249–250)(pages 249–250)

• The unions, however, had little power or money to support __________, or work stoppages.

• Thus, the early labor unions had __________success.

• In 1840 the workday for federal employees was lowered to _____ hours.

• In 1842 the Supreme Court ruled that labor __________were legal.


The Family Farm


• During the early 1800s, __________was the country’s leading economic activity.

• Most people were employed in __________until the late 1800s.

• Farming was more important in the __________than in the __________.

• As the North began to focus on __________, the South’s economy continued to depend on __________and __________.


__ 1. work stoppage by workers to force an employer to meet demands

__ 2. an organization of workers formed for the purpose of advancing its members’ interests

__ 3. uniform pieces that can be made in large quantities to replace other identical pieces

A. interchangeable parts

B. labor union

C. strike




(pages 251–253)(pages 251–253)

The Southern Economy


• The South’s economy was based on several major ____________________.

• These included __________, __________, and __________.

• __________was the major cash crop.

• In 1793 Eli Whitney invented the __________ __________, which combed the seeds out of cotton bolls.

• This __________greatly increased the production of cotton in the South.

• At the same time the cotton gin was invented, __________mills in Europe wanted more and more cotton.

• The cotton gin made southern planters __________, but it created a huge demand for slave labor.

• Between 1820 and 1860, the number of enslaved people in the South almost __________.

The Southern Economy (cont.)


(pages 251–253)(pages 251–253)

• The South did not __________as quickly as the North.

• Some Southern industry included coal, __________, salt, __________mines, ironworks, and __________mills.

• The region relied mostly on __________goods, however.


The Southern Economy (cont.)

(pages 251–253)(pages 251–253)


Society in the South


• A __________structure developed in the South.

• The top class was the __________, or plantation owners. This group dominated the region’s economy and political and legal systems.

• __________ __________, or ordinary farmers who usually worked the land themselves, made up most of the white population of the South.

• Near the bottom of the social ladder were the rural poor, who mostly hunted, fished, gardened, and raised a few __________ and __________.

• African Americans, most of whom were __________, made up the bottom of Southern society.

• A small urban class of __________ also were included in Southern society.

Society in the South (cont.)



(pages 253–255)(pages 253–255)

Slavery


• Some enslaved African Americans worked as factory workers, as skilled __________, or as house servants.

• Most enslaved African Americans, however, worked in the __________.

• There were ___ basic labor systems. • The __________ __________ was

used on farms and small plantations.

• Under this system, workers were given __________ jobs to finish every day.

• __________ worked until their tasks were done, and then they were allowed to do other things.

• Some enslaved people earned money as artisans, or they __________ or hunted for extra food.

• Large plantations used the ______ system.

• Under this system, enslaved persons were put in work __________ that labored in the fields from sunup to sundown.

• The director of the work gang was called the __________.

Slavery (cont.)


(pages 253–255)(pages 253–255)

• Frederick Douglass was a former slave who became a leader of the __________ movement.

• State __________ __________ forbade enslaved persons from owning property or from leaving their owner’s land without permission.

• They could not own __________ or testify in court against a white person.

• They could not __________ to read and write.


Slavery (cont.)

(pages 253–255)(pages 253–255)

• Free African Americans lived in both the __________ and the __________.

• A few of them were descendants of Africans brought to the United States as __________ servants in the 1700s.

• Some earned their __________ from fighting in the American Revolution.

• Others were half-white children of slaveholders, who had given them __________.


Slavery (cont.)

(pages 253–255)(pages 253–255)

• Others had bought their freedom or had been freed by their __________.

• Free African Americans also lived in the North, where slavery had been __________.


Slavery (cont.)

(pages 253–255)(pages 253–255)

(pages 255–256)(pages 255–256)

Coping With Enslavement


• African Americans developed a __________ that provided them with a sense of unity, pride, and support.

• Songs helped field workers pass the long __________ and enjoy their leisure time.

• Songs were important to African __________ religion.

• Many African Americans believed in __________, which sometimes included some African religious traditions.

• Many enslaved persons __________ against their forced lifestyle.

• They held work __________, broke tools, set fires, or ran away.

• Some killed their __________.

• In 1821 __________ __________, a free African American who had a woodworking shop in Charleston, South Carolina, was accused of planning a revolt to free the region’s slaves.

• Before the revolt, however, Vesey was __________ and __________.

Coping With Enslavement (cont.)


(pages 255–256)(pages 255–256)

• In 1831 __________ __________, an enslaved minister who believed that God chose him to free his people, led a group of African Americans in an uprising.

• Turner and his followers killed more than __________ white people before he was arrested and hung.


Coping With Enslavement (cont.)

(pages 255–256)(pages 255–256)


__ 1. plantation owners who held 20 or more enslaved people

__ 2. a set of laws that formally regulated slavery and defined the relationship between enslaved Africans and free people

__ 3. owner of a small farm with four or fewer enslaved persons, and usually none

__ 4. a machine that removed seeds from cotton fiber

A. cotton gin

B. planter

C. yeoman farmer

D. slave code




(pages 257–258)(pages 257–258)

The Missouri Compromise


• In 1819 Missouri applied for __________ as a slave state.

• This set off the __________ issue as to whether slavery should expand westward.

• The __________ had 11 free states and 11 slave states.

• Admitting any new state, either slave or free, would upset the balance of political power in the __________.

• The __________ __________ called for admitting Maine as a free state and Missouri as a slave state.

• An amendment was added to the compromise that prohibited slavery in the __________ Purchase territory north of Missouri’s southern border.

• __________ __________ of Kentucky managed the vote.

• The House of __________ accepted the compromise.

The Missouri Compromise (cont.)


(pages 257–258)(pages 257–258)

• The __________ constitutional convention added a clause to the proposed state __________ prohibiting free African Americans from entering the state.

• This threatened the final approval of Missouri’s admission to the _________.

• Henry Clay solved the problem by getting the state __________ to agree that they would not honor the spirit of the clause’s wording.

The Missouri Compromise (cont.)


(pages 257–258)(pages 257–258)

(pages 258–259)(pages 258–259)

The Election of 1824


• __________ candidates ran for president in 1824.

• They were all from the Republican Party and all were “__________ __________,” or men who had the support of leaders from their own state and region.

• Henry Clay of Kentucky and Andrew Jackson of Tennessee represented the __________.

• John Quincy Adams of Massachusetts was the favorite son of __________.

• William Crawford of __________ had the support of the South.

The Election of 1824 (cont.)


(pages 258–259)(pages 258–259)

• __________ ran on the principle of states’ rights and strict interpretation of the Constitution.

• Clay favored the __________ System–the national bank, the protective tariff, and nationwide internal improvements.

• Adams favored __________ improvements, but not a __________.



(pages 258–259)(pages 258–259)

• __________ did not declare what he favored.

• Instead he ran on his __________ at the Battle of New Orleans.

• Jackson won the popular vote, but no candidate won a __________ in the Electoral College.

• The election then went to the House of Representatives to select the ________from the three candidates with the highest number of electoral votes.



(pages 258–259)(pages 258–259)

• Clay was __________, so he threw his support to John Quincy Adams.

• Adams won the __________ vote. • Jackson’s nephew accused Clay of

winning votes for Adams in return for the __________ post of secretary of state.

• Jackson’s supporters accused Adams and Clay of a “__________ __________.”



(pages 258–259)(pages 258–259)

• They took the name __________ to point out their differences with Adams’s party, the National Republicans.

• The Democratic-Republicans later shortened their name to __________.



(pages 258–259)(pages 258–259)

(pages 259–260)(pages 259–260)

The Presidency of John Quincy Adams


• John Quincy Adams was the son of the __________ president.

• Very __________ and __________, he wanted to leave his mark on the presidency.

• President Adams proposed a program of nationalist __________ that included internal improvements, a national university, astronomical observatories, and funding for __________ research.

• Instead, he only was granted money to improve rivers and harbors and for extending the __________ __________.

The Presidency of John Quincy Adams (cont.)

(pages 259–260)(pages 259–260)

• The campaign turned into __________. The candidates criticized each other’s personalities and morals.

• Adams claimed that Jackson was __________.

• Jackson portrayed himself as the candidate of the __________ man and said that Adams was an out-of-touch __________.

The Election of 1828


• The presidential candidates for the election of __________ were John Quincy Adams and Andrew Jackson.


• Jackson __________ the election of 1828.

• Many voters who supported him were from the West and South, rural and small-town men who thought Jackson would represent their __________.







__ 1. attempt to ruin an opponent’s reputation with insults

__ 2. men who enjoyed the support of leaders from their own state and region

__ 3. an illegitimate agreement between politicians

A. “favorite son”

B. “corrupt bargain”

C. mudslinging






Reviewing Key TermsDefine Match the terms on the right with their definitions on the left.

__ 1. an organization of workers formed for the purpose of advancing its members’ interests

__ 2. tax on imports designed to protect American manufacturers

__ 3. a machine that removed seeds from cotton fiber

__ 4. men who enjoyed the support of leaders from their own state and region

__ 5. tax on imports for the purpose of raising money

A. revenue tariff


C. interchangeable parts

D. labor union

E. strike

F. cotton gin

G. planter

H. “favorite son”

I. “corrupt bargain”

J. mudslinging



Reviewing Key Terms (cont.)


__ 6. plantation owners who held 20 or more enslaved people

__ 7. attempt to ruin an opponent’s reputation with insults

__ 8. uniform pieces that can be made in large quantities to replace other identical pieces

__ 9. an illegitimate agreement between politicians

__ 10. work stoppage by workers to force an employer to meet demands

A. revenue tariff


C. interchangeable parts

D. labor union

E. strike

F. cotton gin

G. planter

H. “favorite son”

I. “corrupt bargain”

J. mudslinging

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Splash Screen Section 1-5 (pages 240–241) The Era of Good Feelings Click the mouse button or press...

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