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Cable

Systems

Training

Fiber Optic Splicing

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Principle of Fusion Splicing

z fiber 2

electrode

fiber 1electric arc

about 3000ºFor 1800C

core

cladding

coating

electrode

y - alignment

x - alignmentz

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Why do we need fusion splicers?

Connecting FO cable for:

• Phonecalls

• Internet

• CATV

• Data Transmission

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Splicing can be done:

1. In a „Splice Truck“

Field splicing with a fusion splicer 

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Splicing can be done:

1. In a „Splice Truck“

2. Inside of Buildings

Field splicing with a fusion splicer 

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Splicing can be done:

1. In a „Splice Truck“

2. Inside of Buildings

3. In Sunny Weather 

Field Splicing with a Fusion Splicer 

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Splicing can be done:

1. In a „Splice Truck“

2. Inside of Buildings

3. In Sunny Weather 

4. In Nasty Weather 

Field splicing with a fusion splicer 

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Splicing can be done:

1. In a „Splice Truck“

2. Inside of Buildings

3. In Sunny Weather 

4. In Nasty Weather 

5. In Men-Holes

Happy Customer with

Corning Fusion Splicer 

Field splicing with a fusion splicer 

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Fiber Handling Steps Before and After Splicing

Initial site

preperation

Cable

preparation

Coating removal

Stripping

Cleaning

Cleaving

Joining the fiber ends

Fusion Splicing

Protecting the fiber joint

Splice enclosure

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• Fixed v-groove units:

High core eccentricity can cause

increased splice loss

• Core-to-core alignment units:

Splice losses of less than 0.02

dB can be achieved.

Concentric fiber vs. fiber with core eccentricity

concentric fiber  fiber with core

eccentricity

Influences on Fusion Process:Core Eccentricity

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Influences on Fusion Process:

Self-Centering Effect 

• Caused by the tendency of the fiber to

form a homogeneous joint as a result

of the surface tension of the molten

glass

• Leads to compensation / decrease of 

fiber offsets during fusion

• For this reason fusion splicers withfixed v-grooves can achieve average

splice losses of less than 0.05 dB if 

core eccentricity is low (e.g. ccc < 0.4

µm).

d1

d2 << d1

d1 = fiber offset before fusion process

d2 = reduced fiber offset after fusion process

Principle of self-centering effect

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Bad endface quality, e.g. bad cleave

angles, mechanical damages and dirt

particles, can lead to increase of splice

loss by pushing the fiber core out of the

fiber center.

Example of bad endface quality

Influences on Fusion Process:Fiber Endface Quality

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Fiber positioning in v-grooves

Excellent fiber 

position in v-groove

Bad fiber position in

v-groove caused by dirt

Contamination in the v-grooves can lead

to bad fiber positioning which will

increase the splice loss.

 

The following features ensure reliable

detection and compensation of 

contamination:

Influences on Fusion Process:Contamination in V-Grooves