1 Split Personality

Split Personality

SPLIT PERSONALITY IN THE IN THE STRANGE CASE OF DR. JEKYLL & MR. HYDE IS

SCHIOPHERENIA FOR DRUG ADDICTION

By Modupe O Sarratt

2 Split Personality

Abstract

Personal view for split personality from nature versus nurture as DID is conflict in identity for

lack of conviction in some situations that is not well understood for shifting to unconscious mind

or due to lack of nurture for ego or identity that make split personality controversial for mental

illness, and also it is extremely rare to have split personality. Because, the human nature for

adaptation is by nurture, and the notion that there is good and bad in all of us, split personality

can be from hypnosis to change behavior. The personality at work for professionalism or for

performance is different from personality at home for loving and caring. A person can be

malicious and harsh at work, and sweet and mellow at home. Going beyond the pick for action

create irrational behavior because there is no connection between nerve impulse and the brain.

Once a brain form a reaction or respond to an event it stop until another impulse for action is

generated to retrieve event in the memory or create a new action. The uses of hallucinogen drugs

disconnect the physiology of the central nervous for split personality.

3 Split Personality

Fiction Book: The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde by Robert Louis Stevenson

Background

A respected Dr. Henry Jekyll is convinced that all men have two personalities lurking

within them to concoct a drug to separate one man into two personalities and tests it on himself

for crossing the threshold to transform to Mr. Hyde. Dr. Jekyll, a good and kind man becomes

Mr. Hyde as an evil that viciously trampling and killing people under the influence of medicine

or drug reference in the book as ‘potion’ that produce symptoms such as aggression,

impulsiveness or hallucination for changing to Mr. Hyde to id evil for split personality.

Introduction

Personality disorder such as split personality character by behavior disorder is not a

mental illness to categorize for deficit in character for development. Personality composes of

nature and nurture to break personality disorder from biological process to suggest split

personality is Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID) because personality is id for ego.

Split personality becomes abnormal with history of drug use to maintain one over the

other is the transition to mental illness for schizophrenia. In the fiction book for the change case

of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde in which the drug or medicine is reference as “potion” for

transformation, is the action of the drug for action potential in the neurophysiologic for thought

process.

The history of drug use is associated with changing somebody to behave in certain way

to perform beyond the expectation to alter the limitation of neurophysiology for action potential

and thought process in the central nervous system or CNS. Going beyond the expectation cannot

4 Split Personality

coexist with the neuropsychophysiology. In other to go beyond the limit the nervous system

generates cognitive impairment to crave for drug and without the drug, the person develop

psychosis for cognitive or thought disorder for dissociated personality that manifested as mental

disorder for two distinct and relative behaviors that alternate to control a person’s behavior for

action potential and for fictitious action to perform.

Action Potential

Action Potential is a process of on and off, once an action is form it stop knowing as the

peak to registered event in the memory as a behavior for identify a recognize event. To generate

an action is the ability of the neurons to receive and transmit stimuli from the environment to the

brain. Action potential from the environment send signal to the dendrite to cell body to axon, the

dendrite and axons known as the nerve fibers process the stimuli to recognize event generate

impulse to brain to analyze information for action to event. Once an action is produce it stop

know as the peak.

In the brain, the action is forward to the memory for retrieval if the event happens again

is the behavior. Using drug to keep the action going beyond forming and stop is the one of the

cause for split personality because is no longer working for exhibiting a different behavior such

as from high to crash for normal to abnormal. For action potential, you are normal, for going

beyond; you are erratic. Using the drug to go beyond, maintain the erratic behavior, the long use

of drug to keep the erratic behavior change the brain to accept the erratic as the part of the

personality with addiction to drug from still having the normal/genetic or biological process for

action potential.

5 Split Personality

Drugs block the action potential in the Central Nervous System (CNS) and disrupt the

connection between the nerves and the brain causing hallucination, phobia, impulsiveness,

depression, addiction, and suicidal urges. Split personality is when a person can no longer

function without using drugs to stimulate these symptoms associated with the CNS. The use of

the drug cause isolation to ensures that he is alone before stimulating the alternative behavior.

Under the influence of potion, Dr. Jekyll changes to Mr. Hyde to create uncontrollable

impulsiveness, hallucination, phobia, depression, a need for addiction, and suicidal thoughts.

Use of Drug

Drug addiction is the damage of the nerve and the brain for syndrome of split personality

disorder for disconnecting the brain function from the nerve. The biological or the neurodynamic

for logical quality of the brain function is when a person is more likely to solve problems or

handle situations in a trial-and-error fashion is the correlation of the nerve and brain, the CNS for

assessing mental processes for equilibrium, which is the connection of nerve and brain for

exchanging information.

Impression and physiology of hallucinogenic drug such as LSD is that they can cause

subjective changes in perception, thought, emotion and consciousness to separate nerves from

the brain to function on impulsive and retain basic trait for nurture. In the case of nature versus

nurture, the environment, such as living arrangement and parenting are the stressors for

experimenting with drug.

However, the use of drug alter mind and could influence personality to create symptoms

such as loss of thought, incoherence, confuse, fantasizing being in a different world or a different

person. According to Charles Ophardt (2003), Hallucinogenic drugs “also called psychomimetic

6 Split Personality

agents, are capable of producing sensory illusions and bizarre thoughts. The primary effect of

these compounds is to consistently alter thought and sensory perceptions. Some of these drugs

are used in medicine to produce psychoses to investigate the relationship of mind, brain, and

biochemistry with the purpose of elucidating mental diseases such as schizophrenia.”

Split Personality as schizophrenia

The cause for Dr. Jekyll to use drug is combination of desire and the influence of the

environment. The desire to be a doctor and a scientist who do research influence him to

experiment with drug. In the lab where Dr. Jekyll prepares drug provide the opportunity for him

to use the drug, under the influence of the drug; Dr. Jekyll becomes disorganized, incoherence,

impulsive, hallucinating with hearing voices to being delusional for being Mr. Hyde. The

symptoms of Dr. Jekyll under the influence are similar symptoms for schizophrenia. Although,

some schizophrenic could be genetic from early childhood but mostly the onset for schizophrenic

is early adulthood for associating some causes for schizophrenia with substance abuse such as

alcohol, or drug use such as cocaine. The concise Medical Dictionary Oxford University (2010)

defines schizophrenia “is a mental disorder characterized by problems with thought processes

and by poor emotional responses”. Symptoms identified as common in schizophrenia for split

personality include paranoia, hearing voices, daydreaming and fantasizing of being a hero and in

different place for disorganized thinking.

To diagnose split personality or schizophrenia require having multiply symptoms and

neurological exam, and brain scan in addition to patient reported experience and observed

behavior.

7 Split Personality

Brief Neuropsychological Cognitive Assessment

The Neuropsychological Cognitive assessment is a brief examination to create a

cognitive profile and follow-up for individuals over 18 years and older according to Tonkology

(2002), “The BNCE that stand for Brief Neuropsychological Cognitive Examination provides a

general cognitive profile that can be used for screening, diagnosis or follow-up using the method

of interview.

composed of 10 subtests, five of which help measure the patient’s ability to process

conventional, frequently used information, while the other five subtests measure the

patient’s ability to process new or incomplete information.

The instrument has been found especially useful in evaluating patients suffering from

*sequelae of head injury, stroke, encephalitis, primary degenerative disorders, seizure

disorders, schizophrenia, mood disorders, and alcohol and drug abuse.

*sequelae are series of pathological condition resulting from a disease, injury,

therapy and other trauma. Sequela is a medical language for a chronic condition

that is a complication of an acute condition between initial condition and the

appearance of the late effect.

However, the indication is to create a profile of syndrome/pattern for split personality in

neurological physiology to identifying behavior in “DSM-IV” such as, constant worry, depress

and craving for drug. According to Trull & Prinstein (2013), Neuropsychological assessment was

the “notion of brain functioning” to imply the nature of behavior for deficit depends on function

of the Nervous System for arousal, perception or planning behavior” (p.515-516).

8 Split Personality

Initial Visit

Patient Name: Dr. Jekyll Hyde DOB: 11/11/1985 Status: Single. BP: 86/110, Pulse: 78,

Temperature: 98.

Observable behavior: agitation interchange with calmness, fidgeting, guarding and sighing for

vocalization including facial expression with frowning, shying, and occasional close eyes for

sadness. When asked patient with precipitating factor for outburst of anger, patient indicates

sometime is because she does not know what she wants to do. When asked for aggravating factor

for what patient consider for restful night. Patient responds or answers with going to bed without

anger and anger keeps her awake sometimes. When ask for alleviating factor, patient responds

with having a cool drink and in some occasional took sleeping pill to fall asleep.

Diagnostic Testing for Dr. Jekyll Hyde

Diagnostic approach for split personality includes measuring subjective/symptoms with

Inkblot test and measuring objective/signs with Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory

(MMPI) or MMPI-2. Although, MMPI-2 is criticized for bias, such as, “lack of trust in our social

institutions and the concerns of minorities.” In addition, for not consider the things that could

account for inconsistency in the scores of psychiatric patient to indicate the revision for MMPI-2

was unnecessary. (Trull & Prinstein, 2013, p.231)

Patient is asked to circle behavior as “Often (Of)” for id/ego, and “Occasionally (Oc)” for

influence. Dissociative (D) is for the split to disconnect awareness to unconscious mind for using

drug, hypnosis, or meditation.

9 Split Personality

Patient Reported Experience

Name:

Dr. Jekyll Hyde DOB:

11/11/1985

Marital Status:

Single

Chief Complaint:

Outburst of anger and feeling of

becoming somebody else, use

drug

Behavior

category

Symptoms Patient

answered Often

(of) or

Occasionally

(oc)

Causes

Awareness for ID “personality”

OR

Unconscious for Dissociative

Identity Disorder/split

personality

Impulsive Impatient with others

Interrupt others

Acts & speaks without

thinking

oc

oc

oc

influence-DID

influence-DID

influence-DID

Worries Constant fear oc Influence-DID

Drug use Yes/meth Of Use for behavior/addiction

Hallucination Having nightmares,

envision changing to

somebody else for behavior

of Mr. Hyde

oc

of

Influence -DID for unconscious

behavior

Stress Sometimes in certain

situation

of Influence-DID

Social problem Disagreement, fighting, and

killing

of

of

Influence-DID

*Note Raised by mom and step

dad

Identify for problem in nature

vs. nurture for drug use

Evaluation To find the causes for split

personality as unconscious

events

oc/of Directed by unconscious

cognitive events.

10 Split Personality

Clinical MMPI/Objective Examination

Patient Name: Dr. Jekyll Hyde DOB: 11/11/1985 Marital Status: Single. CC angry, outburst

of anger for no reasons, feeling of changing to somebody else and confused. Blood Pressure:

84/110, Pulse: 78, Temperature: 98 Referral: Brain Scan

Objective/Observable behavior: agitation, forgetfulness, fidgeting, guarding, fear of changing

to Mr. Hyde with facial expression for confuse, wonder, frown, and sudden outburst of anger for

no reason, and occasionally expressing sadness, and asking for potion or drug.

Name:

Dr. Jekyll Hyde

DOB:

11/11/1965

Classification of

disorder

Diagnosis Model

Clinical Scale Answer DSM-IV Axis II

Impulsiveness Sometimes and depending on

a situation

Aggressive

Present for

occasional

outburst

Hallucination Constant nightmares and

observed delusion such as

confused facial expression

and having to retreat or draw

back to the present.

Present

Paranoid Fearful, mistrust, obsessed

with worry about changing to

somebody else and observed

mood change

present Identified for

personality disorder e. g.

borderline and split

Suicidal depression Present: problem

related to social

situation

Identified for antisocial

Psychopathic

Deviate

Impulsive, emotional, drug

use

Present Split personality

11 Split Personality

Interpretation

Interpretation, brain scan indicated abnormal and damage, the MMPI measure multifacts

symptoms in correlation to drug addiction are hallucination, paranoia, psychopathic deviation

and suicidal for turmoil and mood change for Mr. Hyde are interpreted as syndrome for shifting

identity to Mr. Hyde. The split personality is defense mechanisms for irresponsibility to

challenges associate with crime and the use of drug for avoiding reality. According to Vance &

Volsky (1962), “psychotherapy is a process "implemented by interview techniques which seeks

to alter the client's receptor or response system in such a way that healthy behavior will occur in

situations where unhealthy behavior has been typical." Psychiatric profile for split personality

for Dr. Jekyll Hyde in AXIS I are, anxiety disorder 300.00, mood disorder 296.5x in conjunction

with bipolar behavior, adjustment 309.00 and 309.24 for depressed mood and anxiety disorder,

alcohol abuse 305.00, substance abuse 305.00 and other such as schizophrenia, differentiated for

split personality.

Intervention

Split personality for using drugs is addiction for life. In the case of Dr. Jekyll, the drug

addiction is Mr. Hyde from not able to turn back to Dr. Jekyll.

The drug have disconnects the physiology of the sensory nervous system block action

potential from relating to the brain to analyze event to form a pattern for behavior for not feeling

guilty or remorseful. The notion that there is good and bad in all of us, and each one of us has a

history of experience for pleasantness or unpleasant to propose that all of us learned and

motivated within to explain behavior for self-actualization apply to cognitive and humanistic

approach will not be effective in split personality. Self-actualization according to Nevid (2007)

12 Split Personality

“involves discovering all of our unique abilities and putting them to the best use.” In addition,

humanistic approaches “emphasize the importance of self in personality” for interpreting a

situation for favorable outcome to keep the characteristic of desirable outcome in a situation for

personality. (p.289)

However, whether frequent use of drug creates that create addiction is a high risk for

changing personality is unclear, according to Jeffrey S. Nevid (2007), “most perceptive on

personality is the assumption that personality is stable across the times and situations despite

situational factors for variation” (p. 289). Nevertheless, a damage to nerve and brain whether by

drug or not is impossible for any psychotherapy to indicate insanity for loss ability for any

logical thought.

Prognosis

There is no good prognosis for split personality from drug addiction due to damage to

nerve and brain damage. According to Sigmund Freud, psychoanalytic theory of the id in

personality structure indicates that id is “the driven to satisfy its desire regardless of the needs or

condition of the rest of the social world” (Nevid, 2007, p.292). Split personality, as

schizophrenia is a major cause for drug addiction with ongoing relapse increase the chance for

suicidal according to Whitman et.al (1991) suggest, “Diagnosis and treatment offer the best

prognosis.” Split personality from drug addiction is hard to cure and rehabilitation offers the best

possibility management.

13 Split Personality

Conclusion

Split personality for schizophrenia due to drug use damage nerve and brain for no cure

with cognitive or behavioral therapy to modify personality. Split personality as defense

mechanism for drug addiction has less chance for therapy. In the case of Dr. Jekyll is the failure

of not able to operate both personalities without the use of drug to defend his past with crime for

killing Mr. Hyde to commit suicide.

14 Split Personality

Reference

Ophardt, Charles E. (2003). Hallucinogenic Drugs. Virtual Chembook Elmhurst College.

http://www.elmhurst.edu/~chm/vchembook/672hallucin.html

“Schizophrenia" Concise Medical Dictionary. Oxford University Press, 2010

Tonkology, J. J. (2002). Review of 'The Brief Neuropsychological Cognitive Examination

(BNCE)'. Applied Neuropsychology, 9(4), 246-248

Trull, Timothy J. & Prinstein, Mitchell J. (2013). Clinical Psychology. Eighth Edition.

Wadsworth Cengage Learning

Vance, F. L., & Volsky Jr, T. C. (1962). Counseling and psychotherapy: Split personality or

siamese twins?. American Psychologist, 17(8), 565.

Whitman, B. Y., & Munkel, W. (1991). Multiple Personality Disorder: A Risk Indicator,

Diagnostic Marker and Psychiatric Outcome for Severe Child Abuse. Clinical Pediatrics,

30(7), 24-428.