Splitting of WaterJohara Hussain

Water…….Water is a simple chemical molecule made of

two molecules of hydrogen and one molecule of oxygen.

Water splitting is a process in which water is splitted into hydrogen and oxygen.

Why to split water???Because 70% of the earth is made of water and

water is abuntantly available.Hydrogen fuel production has gained increased

attention as oil and other nonrenewable fuels become increasingly depleted and expensive.

Can be a key component of hydrogen economy.By using the process of water splitting, the

emission of green house gases (especially Carbon di oxide) can be reduced.

Methods of water splittingElectrolysis

Photoelectrochemical water splitting

Photocatalytic water splitting

Radiolysis

Photobiological water splitting

Thermal decomposition of water

Nuclear thermal

Chemical production, etc

ElectrolysisIf an electrical current is passed through water between electrodes (the

positive and minus poles of a battery), the water is split oxygen and hydrogen.

Used in industries especially in making aluminium.

Two types High – pressure electrolysisHigh – temperature electrolysis

Radiolysis: Radiolysis is the dissociation of molecules by nuclear radiation. Here, it is a separation of water via radioactive activity. The end result is the production of hydrogen peroxide.

Thermolysis: Thermolysis is defined as a chemical reaction whereby at elevated temperatures water molecules split into their atomic components hydrogen and oxygen.

Photoelectrochemical water splittingThis is also called as artificial photosynthesisArtificial photosynthesis is a chemical

process that replicates the natural process of photosynthesis, a process that converts sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide into carbohydrates and oxygen.

Photolysis…In the first stage of

photosynthesis light energy is absorbed by chlorophyll in plant cells.

This light energy is then used to produce ATP and to split water into hydrogen and oxygen. The splitting of water is referred to as photolysis

Water-plastoquinone oxidoreductase is the protein complex responsible for this process.

Photosynthetic water splitting (or oxygen evolution) is one of the most important reactions on the planet, since it is the source of nearly all the atmosphere's oxygen.

Moreover, artificial photosynthetic water-splitting may contribute to the effective use of sunlight as an alternative energy-source.

Photoelectrochemical water splittingThe principle of

photoelectrochemical water splitting is based on the conversion of light energy into electricity within a cell involving two or three electrodes immersed in an aqueous electrolyte, of which one is made of a semiconductor, exposed to light and is able to absorb light. This electricity is then used for water electrolysis.

Can be used on a large scale to produce hydrogen.

By 2050, around 10000 PEC plants will be required to satisfy one third of the world’s fuel requirement.

AdvantagesArtificial photosynthesis offers a strategy for

replacing fossil fuels with clean energy sources.

The ultimate goal of artificial photosynthesis is to efficiently convert the sun’s energy into chemical energy and store it as a fuel.

By splitting water, hydrogen molecules can be isolated and then converted into electricity to power everything from your fridge to a city.

Recent Research Artificial photosynthesis is a research field

that attempts to replicate the natural process of photosynthesis, converting sunlight, water and carbon dioxide into carbohydrates (i.e. glucose which can be a fuel) and oxygen.

Recently, this has been successful in splitting water into hydrogen and oxygen using an artificial compound called Nafion.

Conclusion……

Let’s all save the planet by splitting water!

Thank you!

References…..http://www.rsc.org/chemistryworld/2013/04/g

reen-energy-cheaper-hydrogen-separate-water-splitting

http://www.hydrogencarsnow.com/index.php/hydrogen-from-water/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_splittinghttp://horizon-magazine.eu/article/water-

splitting-techniques-could-fuel-industries-and-cities_en.html