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Sports Science
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** Introduction & Review Level I
1. Principle: Impulse-The Straight and Strong
2. Principle: Direction of Force Application
3. Principle: Total Force
4.Principle: Stability
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Mechanics = Motion
The study of the action of force on particles and
mechanical system; a branch of physics System
An object or group of interacting objects
Bio-
Prefix for life or living organism
Biomechanics
Application of the principles of mechanics to the study
of living organisms (e.g; the human body & its parts)
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BiomechanicsBmc uses the principles of mechanics for
solving problems related to the structure and
function of living organisms.
Mechanics FunctionStructure
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The science concerned with the forcesthat act on the human body and theeffects that these forces produce.
ForcesPush and Pull
Effects to the body
InternalBreathing, muscle contraction
ExternalForce cause and effects motion
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The science concerned with the forcesthat act on the human bodyand the
effects that these forces produce.
The Human BodyAnthropometrics Factors
Shape WeightMass Size Height
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The science concerned with the forcesthat act on the human body and theeffectsthat these forces produce.
The Effects of Motion
Equilibrium ProjectileLinear Angular
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Review Level I
Analisis Kemahiran
Kajian mengenai pergerakanpergerakan individu semasa
melakukan sesuatu kemahiranSukan
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Analisis Kemahiran : Kajian mengenaipergerakan individu/atlet semasa
melakukan sesuatu kemahiran Sukan
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Help athletes achieve the quality or efficiency of
movement for success
Must be able to carry out Technical Analysis
TA concerns itself with the manner individual by
movement are executed
Must know what good like & what mechanicalprinciples underpin movement efficiency.
Level 1: summation of force & utilization of joints
in correct order
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1. KEMAHIRAN MENGAJAR
KEMAHIRAN TERTUTUP
Dilakukan di bawah
persekitaran yang tetap, stabildan tidak berubah.
KEMAHIRAN TERBUKA Dilakukan dalam suasana
yang boleh berubah-ubah dan
hasil akhirnya sukar diramal
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Apabila sesuatu kemahiran itu menggunakan beberapa
segmen anggota badan untuk melakukan sesuatu
sekuen pergerakan bagi menghasilkan halaju (daya)
yang optimum, maka setiap segmen dalam sekuen itu
hendaklah digerakkan pada ketika segmen yang
sebelumnya mula memperlahankan pergerakan
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Pergerakan bermula dengan kumpulan otot-
otot besar di ikuti kumpulan otot-otot yang
beransur kecil
Pergerakan berlaku dalam turutan sempurna
2 persoalan bila perhati atlet melakukan
kemahiran;
Adakah mereka memasukkan setiap pergerakansegmen dengan baik?
Adakah sendi digunakan dalam turutan yang betul
tanpa tersekat-sekat?
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Sendi-sendi hendaklah digunakan dalam turutan atau
sekuen yang sempurna
Sendi-sendi yang mempunyai otot-otot besar dan lebih
hampir pada badan hendaklah digunakan dahulu dandituruti dengan sendi-sendi yang mempunyai otot-otot
kecil dan diakhiri oleh sendi-sendi di penghujung anggota
The important things to remember
is that every joint must be used toget the most speed, power or
acceleration out of the movement.
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Topics:
1. Principle: Impulse-The Straight and Strong
2. Principle: Direction of Force Application3. Principle: Total Force
4.Principle: Stability
Principle I : IMPULSEThe straight and Strong
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Objectives;
The coach would know the concept of impulse
The coach would know the principle: the straight andstrong and able to apply the principle when analysing skill
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The combination of force and time is called
impulse.
Muscle can be used at different level ofstrength Joint can move different parts of total range of
motion (flexibility)
This means that when athletes perform skills they
can vary the amount of strength & flexibility they
use.
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Impulse
Perform skill: strength & flexibility used depends
on situation
If the purpose of the skills is to produce as muchforce/fast speed as possible:- strength & flexibility
must be used to their maximum.
This will produce greatest force for the longest
possible time
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Ft = (mv)2 (mv)1
(v - v1)F = m ------------
t
F = ma
Ft = m
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Key-work: STRAIGHT
Start with bent positions in preliminary movements
& move straight position at the hit/release/take-off
Examples: Tennis serve, Bowling, Soccer kick,High Jump, Shot Put, etc.
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Key-work: STRONG
Use all joints in the correct order without gaps or
breaks
Examples: Tennis serve, Bowling, Soccer kick,High Jump, Shot Put
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The Straight & Strong Principles(Examples & Application)
Bowl Example:
The arms are initially bent while holding the
ball (bowl) but extended at the release
Here the force of contraction of the muscle
is related to the length or speed the ball
(bowl) must travel
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The Straight & Strong Principles(Examples & Application)
Football Example: Punt
The step into the kick leaves the kicking leg
stretched far back
The leg then brought forward and
straightened completely at the hit
The leg muscles that brings the leg forward& straighten it are contracted maximally
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The Straight & Strong Principles(Examples & Application)
High Jump: Take off
The push-off leg is bent at the hip, knee &
ankle to prepare for the full straightening ofthe leg at take-off
The leg straightening muscles contract
maximally and in order from hip to ankle
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The Straight & Strong Principles(Examples & Application)
Shot Put
The elbow completely bent during the
preliminary stance, and
Is completely straightened at the release
The muscles that straighten the elbow
contract maximally
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The Straight & Strong Principles(Examples & Application)
Tennis Serve
The racquet is brought back behind the back
in a backscratch position
Then the arm is completely straightened at
the hit
The muscles that straighten the elbow &bring the arm forward contract maximally
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COMMON FAULTS
3 common faults violations of the move
straight & strong principles
Incomplete bending during preliminarymovements, lack of flexibility
Incomplete straightening; missed timing,
starting straightening too soon/early
Not enough strength employed