Sport for Intercultural Dialoguesportid
handbook
sportforinterculturaldialogueErasmus+Sport,CollaborativePartnershipsCod.2016-3602/001–001January2017-December2018www.sport4id.eu
coordinatorOmnic-Italy
partnerAsinitasOnlus-ItalyDacorumCouncilforVoluntaryService-UKCentreforAdvancementofResearchandDevelopmentinEducation(CARDET)-CyprusLearningCenterforYouth(LCYouth)-Cyprus100%Aventura–AssociaçãodeDesportoeNatureza-PortugalSportClubIntegra-BulgariaPerspectives-BelgiumFundaciónRedDeporteYCooperación-Spain
ThisprojecthasbeenfundedwithsupportfromtheEuropeanCommission.Thiscommunicationmaterialreflectstheviewsonlyoftheauthor,andtheCommissioncannotbeheldresponsibleforanyusewhichmaybemadeoftheinformationcontainedtherein.
TheprojectresourcescontainedhereinarepubliclyavailableundertheCreativeCommonslicense:Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike4.0International
DesignandlayoutbyFrancescoSanesiIllustrations©ErnestAkayeu-stock.adobe.comFirstpublishedinNovember2018
authorsOmnic - ItalyAndrea Ciantar, Paolo Diana
Asinitas Onlus - ItalyCarolina Purificati, Livia Claudia Bazu
Dacorum Council for Voluntary Service - UKAlison May, Musarat Inayat, Penny Clifton
Centre for Advancement of Research and Development in Education (CARDET) - CyprusMichalis Ioannou
Learning Center for Youth (LCYouth) - CyprusLitsa Charalambous, Eleni Filippou
100% Aventura – Associação de Desporto e Natureza - PortugalMaria Florindo, João Azevedo, Manuel Marchante
Sport Club Integra - BulgariaAneta Moyanova, Teodora Spasova
Perspectives - BelgiumJamal Manad
Fundación Red Deporte Y Cooperación - SpainCarlos De Carcer
Special thanks to the organisations that have shared with us their good practices regarding Sport and Intercultural Dialogue, and to the volunteers and coaches who collaborated on the pilot activities of the project.
introductionp.6 Descriptionoftheprojectp.7 ProjectAimsp.8 Methodologyp.9 ProjectPartnersp.10 Whatisinthismanual sportandinterculturaldialoguep.12 Whyweneedinterculturaldialogue–facts,groundsandnumbers refugeecrisisineuropep.18 Whatisthedifferencebetweenarefugeeandamigrant?p.19 Whoisamigrant?p.20 Whoisarefugee?p.22 Refugeecrisisineuropep.24 Definitionofsportandinterculturaldialoguep.25 10reasonswhysportisamosteffectivetoolforintegrationp.28 HowsportatpresenthelpswithinterculturaldialogueinEurope
bestpracticesusingsportforinterculturaldialoguefoundinthepartnershipp.31 Bestpracticeexamplesfoundp.44 Whatsportinstitutionsdop.45 Typesofsportsusedp.47 GenderequalityinsportforinterculturaldialoguepracticesacrossEU
howtosetupunactivityonsportandinterculturaldialoguep.49 Createyourownactivityp.51 Hintsonhowtocreateyourownactivity sportidtrainingoftrainersmodulep.57 Introductionp.58 Learningobjectives resourcesandusefulmaterialsp.61 Referencesp.58 Learningobjectives
INDEX
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INTRODUCTION
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descriptionoftheprojectSportsandphysicalactivityare importantandeffectivevehiclestoimprovinghealthandwell-being.Furthermore,sport is a tool to promote integration and combat dis-criminationandracismsincesportsareinherentlybasedonparticipationandnonviolentvaluesattheircore.
The primary aim of the project is to create aware-ness-raising activities for amateur athletes, coaches,trainers,educatorswhoworkintheparticularfieldsofsports connected with solidarity and social inclusion,sharing good practices and creating Open EducationalResourcesabouthowsportscansupportsocialinclusion.
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TheaimoftheSPORTIDProjectistocreateaprocesswherebysportandphysical activities become tools to achieve the goal of intercultural dia-logue,wheresportplaysthemaineducationalrole.Thereforespecificgoalsoftheprojectare:
• Create operators qualified to play a role in the process of integrationthroughsports.• Update and formalise knowledge, competencies and methodologies ofsocialpromotionandcommunitybuildingthroughsports.•Sharebestpracticeof integration, inclusion,socialisationthroughsportwithinEU.•AlertEuropeancitizenstothesocialroleofsportsinpromotinginterculturalcontactandintegration.•Acquireandsharenewabilitiesatanational,Europeanandinternationallevel•Prepareforprofessionaleducationinthefield.•Networkamongorganisationsworkingwithmigrantsandrefugeesusingsportasavehicleforintegration.
projectaims
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methodology
Inordertoachievethosegoals,wearegoingtousenonformaleducation,activeandco-operativelearningandautobiographicaltechniquesamongstthemethods.
Why Use Non-Formal Education?
We will use non-formal education because it refers to anyplannedprogrammeofpersonalandsocialeducationforyoungpeopledesignedtoimprovearangeofskillsandcompetencies,outsidetheformaleducationalcurriculum.
Inthiscasewewantpeopletostrengthentheirinterculturaldi-alogueskillsandinterculturalexchangecompetenciesthroughsport.ThereforethismanualwillsharewithallorganisationsandoperatorsinterestedinsportaninterculturaldialogueourresearchonpracticesacrossEuropeandthepartners’sharedanalysisandproposalstosuccessfullyputintobeinginitiativesthatpromoteinterculturaldialoguethroughsportactivities.
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BulgariaSport Club Integra www.integra.bg
UKCommunity Action Dacorumwww.communityactiondacorum.org
SpainFondacion Red Deporte y Cooperacion www.redeporte.org
ItalyONMIC - Opera Nazionale Invalidi civiliwww.onmic.itAsinitas Onlus www.asinitas.org
CyprusCentre for Advancement of Research and Development in educationwww.cardet.orgLearning center for youth www.lcyouth.org
Portugal1000/00 Aventura - Assocaçao de Desporto e Natureza
BelgiumPerspectives www.performat.be
projectpartners
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whatisinthismanual
In this manual you will learn about :
Sport and Intercultural Dialogue •Whyweneedinterculturaldialogue–facts,groundsandnumbers•RefugeecrisisinEurope•Definitionofsportandinterculturaldialogue•10reasonswhysportisamosteffectivetoolforintegration•HowsportatpresenthelpswithinterculturaldialogueinEurope
Best practices using Sport for Intercultural Dialoguefound in the partnership•Bestpracticeexamplesfound•Whatsportinstitutionsdo•Typesofsportsused•GenderequalityinsportforinterculturaldialoguepracticesacrossEU
How to set up an activity on sport and intercultural dialogue•Createyourownactivity•Hintsonhowtocreateyourownactivity
Sport ID Training of trainers module•Introduction•Learningobjectives
Resources and useful materials
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SPORTand INTERCULTURAL
DIALOGUE
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whyweneedinterculturaldialogue–facts,groundsandnumbers
Multicultural Europe
MostEuropeancountriesnowadaysaremulticulturalduetothefreemove-mentofcitizensacrossEuropeandalsomigrationfromnon-EUcountries.Thesemovementsdesignnewsocialpatternsandphenomena.Peoplewithdifferentcultural,socialandreligiousbackgroundinteractonadailybasisinmostEuropeancities.Diversityisagreatopportunitybutalsoaverygreatchallengeforthecom-munication and cooperation of individuals and communities. Habits, cus-toms,assumptionsonwhatisappropriatebehaviourindifferentsituationsmaydiffer,aswellaseducationbackgroundandsocio-economicstandards.Whilethismultiplicitymaycausedifficultiesincommunicationandconflicts,
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itmayalsohelptofindbetteranswerstolifeproblemsandfosterthewaytofindinnovativesolutions.Thisiswhyisofparamountimportancetoover-comethosedifficultiesinordertoharvestthecropsofmulticulturalthink-ingandsocialcohesion.Firstofall,wehavetounderstandthefullscopeofthosephenomena,thesocial and hystorical context that brings together all these people in EUnowadays.Fewnumbersandfactswillgiveusanoverallideaofmulticul-turalEuropeatpresent.
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Which are the most intercultural countries in Europe?
In absolute terms, the largest numbers of non-nationals living in the EUMemberStateson1January2017werefoundinGermany(9.2millionper-sons,counting11%ofthepopulation),theUnitedKingdom(6.0million,9%),Italy (5.0million,8%),France (4.4million,7%)andSpain (4.4million,9%)(Eurostat,2017-lastdataavailable).Inrelativeterms,excludingLuxembourg,whichbytraditionhasaveryhighpercentofnonnational residents (48%), themore influencedby interna-tionalmovementswereCyprus(17%ofthepopulation),Austria,LatviaandEstonia(15%),Belgium,MaltaandIreland(12%).ThesefiguresincludeEUnationalslivinginanotherEUcountry,aswellasnonEUnationalslivinginEuropeancountries,givinganoverallpictureofmajorestablishedinterculturalcontextswithinEUterritory.N.B.UKisstillconsideredaEUcountryuntilBrexitnegotiationswillbetterdefineitssta-tusandrelationswithEU.
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Changing nationalities
Allthosemobilitiesoftentimescometoastablerelocation,withmigrantsacquiringthecitizenshipofthehostcountries,andchildrenbeingbornandraisedawayfromtheirparents’homeland.Inabsoluteterms,thenumberofpeopleacquiringthecitizenshipofanEUMemberStatein2016was994.8thousand,correspondingtoan18%increasewithrespectto2015.(Eurostat,2017–lastdataavailable).Italyhadthehighestnumberofpersonsacquir-ingcitizenshipin2016,at201.6thousand(or20%oftheEU-28total).ThenexthighestlevelsofacquisitionofcitizenshipwereinSpain(150.9thou-sand), theUnitedKingdom(149.4 thousand),France(119.2 thousand)andGermany(112.8thousand).Inrelativeterms,theEUMemberStatewiththehighest naturalisation rate in 2016 was Croatia (9.7 acquisitions per 100non-nationalresidents),followedbySwedenandPortugal(with7.9and6.5acquisitionsper100non-nationalresidentsrespectively).Viewedintermsoforiginalcitizenship,asinpreviousyears,thelargestgroupswereMoroc-cans(101300,correspondingto10.2%ofallcitizenshipsgranted),followedbyAlbanians(67500,or6.8%),Indians(41700,or4.2%),Pakistanis(32900,or3.3%)andTurks(32800,or3.3%).(samesource).Manyofthemholdadoublecitizenshipalongwithadoubleidentityandculturalbelonging,thusredefiningnationalandEuropeansenseofself.
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Europe migration crisis
Butthispictureisconstantlymoving,especiallyinthelastyears,withwhatwascalled“therefugeecrisis”.Since2014,massiveflowsofpeoplereversedintothecontinent,mostofthemdemandingasylumorotherformsofhu-manitarianprotection.In2015morethanamillionmigrantsandrefugeescrossedintoEuropeandonlyafteragreementwithTurkeydidtheflowofmigrantsdiminish.In2017,therewere728,470applicationsforinternationalprotectionintheEU.Thisfigurerepresentsadecreaseof44%comparedto2016,whentherewerealmost1.3millionapplications.In2017,EUcountriesgrantedprotectiontomorethan538,000people,downbyalmost25%on2016.AlmostoneinthreeofthesewerefromSyriawhileAfghanistanandIraqroundedupthetopthree.Ofthe175,800SyriancitizensgrantedinternationalprotectionintheEU,morethan70%receiveditinGer-many.(Source:EuropeanParliamentThinktankonmigration–seeresources).
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REFUGEE CRISIS IN EUROPE
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whatisthedifferencebetweenarefugeeandamigrant?•Aneconomicmigrantnormallyleavesacountryvoluntarilytoseekabetterlife.Shouldheorshedecidetoreturnhome,theywouldcontinuetoreceivetheprotectionofhisorhergovernment.
•Refugeesfleebecauseofthethreat of persecutionandcan-notreturnsafelytotheirhomes.
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whoisamigrant?Massivemigrationfloodshavebeenregisteredsinceman’sorigin.Europeanscolonizedandmigratedtowardsallthecontinentsfromthe16th–17thcenturytothefirsthalfofthe20th,whileRomaandJewishpeoplesmigraterespectivelysincemedievalandprehistorictimes.Amigrantissomeonewho:
•Canmovefromonecountrytoanotherusuallytofindworkortojoinfamilymembers.•Somemovevoluntarily,whileothersareforcedtoleavebecauseofeconomichardshiporotherproblems.• People can migrate ‘regularly’, with legal permission to workandliveinacountry,or‘irregularly’,withoutpermissionfromthecountrytheywishtoliveandworkin.
Regardless of their status in a country, both regular and irregularmigrantshavehumanrights,includingthe“right to freedom from slavery and servitude, freedom from arbitrary detention, the right to freedom of assembly, the right to education for their children, equal access to courts and rights at work.”
Declaration on human rights
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whoisarefugee?Refugeefloodsalsohappenedcountlesstimesinhumanhistory,asdifferentcommunitiesweretryingtoescapewars,naturaldisasters,dominationsandpersecutions.ManyEuropeansflewEurope(mostlyGermany,alliedcountriesandoccupiedterritories)asrefugeesduringWWII.Arefugeeissomeonewhopriortoleavingexperienceseither:
•War.•Severediscriminationorpersecution.•Violence,enprisonmentortortureinflictedbydominantgroups,par-tiesoroccupationforcescontrollingtheterritoryoftheirhomeland.
Which often make it too dangerous for people to remain in theirhomeland.
“AndnowweareAsstrawinthewindWecan’ttakeroots,OurheartisinanendlessmournAndourmouthdoesnotknowwhatitsays”Biagio Marin, refugee
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prior to leaving
Fearofdetection Fearfulfortheirsafetyorlives Justarrivedandnevergoingbackhome
Languagebarriers
Anxietyaboutconditions Theymayleavesecretlyorarechasedout Lossoffamilyandfriends
Theyenteredanewcontextbuttheyarenotpartofit
Pressureaboutescape Manydietryingtoescape Lossoffamiliarcultureandconcernoverculturaladaptation
Theyareoftenlabelledbythenewsociety
Fearofpersecution Those lucky enough to escape their country are considered refugees Concernforeconomicsurvival
Theirtimeismarkedbywaitingtheywaitfordocuments
Theyarenotself-sufficient
Anticipatedsadnessoverlosses
escaping arriving in new country
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refugeecrisisineuropeIn2015Europefacedtheso-called“refugeecrisis”withmorethanhalf(54%)ofallrefugeesworldwidecomingfromjust3countries.•SyrianArabRepublic4.9million•Afghanistan2.7million•Somalia1.1million
Butinfact9outof10personsfoundprotectionintheGlobalSouth.
Asia29.7millionforceddisplacedpeople+5.7millionPalestinianrefugeesunderUNWRAprotection,settled in Jordan,Lebanon,Syria,Gazaand theWestBank.
Africa20.3million.
Central and South America 7.7million.
Europe5.5million.
North America715,000.
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definitionofsportandinterculturaldialogue“Intercultural dialogue is an open and respectful exchange of views be-tweenindividualsandgroupsbelongingtodifferentculturesthatleadstoadeeperunderstandingoftheother’sglobalperception.”(CouncilofEurope).Regarding the contribution of sport to intercultural dialogue, annexes totheAmsterdamTreaty(1997)specificallyrefertoitspotentialandthene-cessityfortheEUtodevelopconsistentpolicyinthefield.“Playedandwatchedbypeoplefromavarietyofsocialbackgrounds,ithasaneducationalandsocialisingeffectthatmakesitanidealvehicleforintercul-turaldialogueandsocialintegration.Indeed,whenwespeakabout“integra-tionthroughsport”,thereiswideacknowledgementofthepositivecontribu-tionsportmakestosocialintegration,forethnicminoritiesandimmigrantcommunities inparticular.Thisconsensushasbeenhighlightedbyvariousopinionpolls inEuropeandby references inpoliticaland institutionaldis-course.Regularparticipationinsportisthought,forexample,tohelpyoungpeopleofimmigrantorigintodevelopkeyskillsandtointegratebetterintosociety.”(Sportfacingthetestofculturaldiversity–CouncilofEurope–EPAS,2010).Butwhatexactlydoesmakesportworkforinterculturaldialogue?
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10 reasonswhysportisamosteffectivetoolforintegration1 - The concept of sport is transcultural Whiledifferentculturesandsocietiespraiseandpracticedifferentsports,the concept of sport itself is spread and valued worldwide nowadays. Itunitespeoplefromallovertheworldatanylevel,fromOlympiccompeti-tionstograssrootlevel.2 - Sport is for all Sport activities can involve everybody: men and women, children, adultsandelders,peoplebelongingtodifferentsocialcategoriesandwithdiffer-entmindsets,habits,needsandbeliefs.3 -Respite/sense of normality Sportisaframewhereenergiescanbespentinthepresent,thebodyenjoysmovement,themindenjoyspeaceandthecompanyofothers.Thus,moti-vationtolifeandgoalsarises,evenafterthedisruptionofmajortraumaticevents,suchasrefugeesoftenexperiment.
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4 - Body interactionPhysical interaction is a very important tool for intercultural dia-loguefortwodifferentreasons:-itcreatesamoreimmediatecontactwiththeothers(nativesandmigrantsfromotherpartsoftheworld)whichsocial,mainlyver-bal,interactionmorerarelyprovides(especiallywhentherearelan-guagebarriers);-itempowersthroughthefullexpressionofwill,force,andabilities.
5 - Rules Asreportedbymany trainers, sport, likegames, isaspacewheresocialinteractionandgoalsaresimplifiedanddefinedbyasimplesetofrules:integrationandequalinteractioniseasyandprovidesastartuppointforafullintegrationintosociety,providingatem-porarycommunity.
6 - Fair play Fairplaydevelopsmoralskills inmigrantsandnatives: tolerance,acceptanceof theother, respect for rivals,conflict resolutionandobjectivityontheplaygroundareimportantmindsetswhichhelpinteractionandfosterequalityandsolidarity.
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7 - Breaking down linguistic barriersWordsareaccompaniedbyphysicalactionwhichismoreselfevidentandhelpsclarifythespeaking.Emotionalin-volvementenhancesmotivation,solittlelanguageprofi-ciencyisnotanobstacletothelastcomeinthecommu-nitytopracticesportandbeinvolved.
8 - Sport as a mean to know different culturesWhenpeoplefromdifferentculturesmeettheyexchangecommonlifeculturalheritagesuchasfood,music,storiesandclothes.Learningnewsportsorgamesbroughtfromdifferent countries is a very interactive, emotional andimmediatewaytoparticipateinadifferentculture.
9 - Sense of belongingAlloftheseaspectstendtocreateasenseofbelonging:making teams, living pleasant and stimulating experi-ences in a group, sharing goals and resolving disputeswithfairplayareinherentsportsfeatures.Inthecontextofprojectswhichincludemigrantsandrefugeesalltheseconceptsareofparamountrelevance.
10 - Holistic approach Afterthematchtheencounterisnotover:itreallybegins.Differentcomplementaryactivitiescanbeassociatedtosporteventsandcarriedouttobreakbarriersandcreatebondsamongindividualsandcommunities.
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howsportatpresenthelpswithinterculturaldialogueineuropeAstudyonsportandmulticulturalismin2004,showedthatsporthasbeenusedtoreduceinterculturaltensionsinthe(then)25EUmemberstates.
Theapproachesatpresentfocusonthefollowing:•Interculturalism,promotinginterculturalexchangewithequalityofeachculture,separatebutequal.•Cohesionratherthandiversity,with‘unitary’notionsofnationalculture.•Incorporategroupsintoexistingnationalculture.•Non-intervention,wherepopulationsareregardedashomogeneousandthereisnoperceivedneedforprovision.
Regardingthecontributionofsporttointerculturaldialogue,adeclarationannexed to the Amsterdam Treaty (1997)“emphasises the social signifi-canceofsport,inparticularitsroleinforgingidentityandbringingpeopletogether”.SeveralsurveysshowthatalmostthreeinfourEUcitizensviewsportasameansofpromotingintegration,whiletwothirdsperceivesportsasameansoffightingdiscrimination.
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«Theroleofsportinpromotingsocialintegration,inpar-ticularofyoungpeople,iswidelyrecognised.Sport…isarecognised social phenomenon.Sports offera commonlanguageandaplatformforsocialdemocracy.[Sport]cre-atesconditionsforpoliticaldemocracyandisinstrumen-tal to thedevelopmentofdemocraticcitizenship.Sportenhancestheunderstandingandappreciationofculturaldifferencesanditcontributestothefightagainstpreju-dices.Finally,sportplaysitsparttolimitsocialexclusionofimmigrantandminoritygroups».The Council of Europe’s study on Diversity and Cohesion Niessen 2000
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BEST PRACTICE ACROSS THE PROJECT
PARTNERSHIP
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BEST PRACTICE ACROSS THE PROJECT
PARTNERSHIP
Introduction
The“best practice” involving sport and migrants/refugees hasbeenexaminedandresearchedinthisproject,inordertodefinetheexistingbackgroundandalsotoraiseawarenessaboutwhatbestpracticelookslikeacrossEurope.
Main findings
MajorcountriessuchasUKandItalyhavedevelopedandsup-ported official integration policies from governmental andnon-governmentalorganisationsthroughsportformanyyears.Therearevariouspermanent initiatives thathelpasignificantnumberofrefugeesandmigrantseachyear.Onthecontrary,smallcountrieslikeCyprushavenotdevelopedyetofficialpoliciesandthereareonlysomegoodpracticeswithlocalimpact.
Thebestpracticescollectedbythepartnershipfromeachcoun-tryaresummarisedasfollows.
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bestpractice-unitedkingdomBackground
TheUKisoneofthecountrieswithasignificantmulticulturalbackgroundandisapioneerinpoliciesaboutsocialintegrationandinclusion.Butheprocessofintegratingisolatedcommunities,accordingtoareviewfromDameLouiseCasey,hasbeenseentobetoomuchforsomelocalcom-munitiesespeciallysincetheeconomicdownturn,andconcernaboutthestrainonpublicserviceshasincreased.Inaddition,ethnicormigrantgroupsin localareashavebecomeincreas-inglydivided.Consequently,thereisa“viciouscircle”inwhichMuslimsfeeltheyarebeingblamedforterrorismandextremism,leadingtosuspicion,mistrustandhostility.Thereisconstantworktopromotegreaterinvolvementinsportandphysi-calactivitybydisadvantagedcommunitiesparticularlytheBlack,AsianandMinorityEthnic(BAME)population.TherearemanycurrentinitiativesandprojectsaroundsportandintegrationintheUK.SportCoachUKprovidesawidelistofprojectsaimedtosupportpeoplecurrentlyunder-representedinsportandcoaching,like“WomeninSport”supportingfemaleparticipa-tionand“SportEquals”supportingminorityethnicgroups.
Examples
Madeley Youth and Community Centre (Derby) aimstobringtogetherAsianBritishandKurdishasylumseekersthroughfootball.
Voluntary Action Leicester, Asylum seekers and Refugee Sports Development Project develop and support sporting projects, amongst the refugee andasylumseekercommunityinLeicester.
United Glasgow Football Club (UGFC) competes in an anti-racist footballleagueinGlasgow,ScotlandcomprisedofamixtureofScottishnationals,refugees,asylumseekers,andimmigrants.Theprojectwasinitiallytargetedatyoungmenintheasylumsystem,butwasthenopentoall.
bestpractice-spain
Background
Spainhashadaconsiderableincreaseinthemigrantpopulationduringthelast20years.In1998thetotalpopulationwas38million,withjustoverhalfamillionpeoplecomingfromothercountries,whilein2017thetotalpop-ulationhasreachedalmost42million,withmorethan4andahalfmillionforeignerslivinginSpain.AccordingtotheInstitutoNacionaldeEstadística(Spanish Statistical Office) Morocco is the country that contributes mostforeigners to the Spanish population, with more than 750,000 migrants,followedbyalmost720,000Romanians,255,000British,200,000Chineseandalittlebitmorethan160,000fromEcuador.Asfortheasylumseekers,theconflictsinSyriaandUkrainecausedaspikeinpetitionsandreachedarecordhigh,with15,000peopleapplyingforprotectioninSpain.Non-governmentalorganisations,footballteamsoftheSpanishProfession-alLeague“LaLiga”,andprivatecompaniesdeveloporsupportsocialpro-jectsrelatedwithsporttopromoteinterculturalityinsociety,withspecialemphasisonminorities.
Examples
Sports and Co-operation Network,basedinMadrid,givessupporttootherinternational organisations, governments, public and private associationsandsportfederations.Ithascompletedmorethan100developmentprojectsinEurope,Africa,AsiaandLatinAmerica,helpingmorethan160,000peopletoimprovetheirqualityoflifeandintegrateintosociety.
The Spanish Olympic Committee organises the“Intercultural Olympics”, a“big”day toput intopracticeall the learningacquiredduringworkshopsandtrainings.
Real Madrid Foundation’s social sport soccer schoolbenefitsgirlsandboysbetween5and17yearsold,offeringaneducationbasedonvaluesthroughsport,encouraginginclusionofvulnerablepeople.
Judokan Program, socio-educational integration through judo, for youngpeopleofRuzafaneighborhood.
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bestpractice-italyBackground
Italyisoneofthecountriesmostaffectedbythewavesofrefugees,espe-cially from northern Africa. The Italian population is 60.795.612 citizens,while 5.014.437 (8.2%) have a foreign nationality and 3.929.916 of themhavearesidencepermit.ThemajorityofthosewhohavearesidencepermitcamefromthecountriesofcentralandeasternEurope(30%)followedbyNorthAfrica(20.7%)toCentralAsia(13.9%)andEastAsia(13.4%).Themainreasonsrelatedtotheneedforresidencepermitsmainlyconcernsworking(52.5%)andfamily(34.1%)issues.MostoftheimmigrantsinItaly(60%)liveinthenorth,whilefrom2009to2015,thepercentageofforeignerswithajobrosefrom5.9to7.8.Since2014,ItalianOlympicCommittee,inco-operationwiththeMinistryofLabourandWelfare,promotesthe“Sporteintegrazione:lapiùbellavitto-ria”(Sportandintegration:themostbeautifulvictory)programme,whichawardsthebestpracticesofintegrationthroughsportinItaly.In2016,45projectswereincludedinanationalselectionofbestpracticeswhichpro-videsarepresentativepointofreferenceofthecurrentstateoftheartinourfield.Fromtheseprojects21involvefootball(astheonlyactivity,orinassociationwithothersports).
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Examples
National level organisations
CSI – Italian Sports Centre promotes sport and Christian values. It counts13.000clubsindifferentsports,withover1.000.000members.
UISP – Unione Italiana Sport Popolare major national not for profitorganisationorganiseseverysummertheMondialiantirazzisti (TheAnti-RacistWorldCup)event.
SSF (SportWithoutBorders)unitesasolidarityNetworkof109clubsacrossItaly.
Local most renowned practices
Associazione Italiana Cultura Sport (AICS) of CampaniaorganisesaCricketRegionalChampionshipinNaples,8teamsmadeupbyrefugeesandasylumseekers.
Afro-Napoli United football team, made up of migrants from Africa andSouthAmerica,Italiansofsecond-generationandNeapolitans.
Liberi Nantes football team in Rome, entirely composed by refugees andasylumseekers.
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bestpractice-belgiumBackground
Since2013Belgiumhashadastructural resettlementprogramme,whichoffers protection to a number of vulnerable refugees every year. In 2015Belgiumresettled300refugees:225SyrianrefugeesfromLebanonand75CongoleserefugeesfromtheGreatLakesregion.In2016Belgiumaimedtoresettleatotalof550refugees,amajorityofwhomwereSyrian.Belgiumhasover25,000receptionplacesintotal,andthenetworkcomprisescollectiveandindividualreceptionstructures.Thereceptioncentresare‘open’centres,meaningtheresidentsarefreetocomeandgo.Theyreceiveaccommodationandmeals,clothingandalsosocial,medicalandpsychologicalsupport,adaily allowance (pocket money) as well as access to legal assistance andservicessuchasinterpretingandtraining.Followinganegativedecision, the‘failed’asylumseekerreceivesanordertoleave.Since2012andtheestablishmentofthe‘returnprocedure’,thosewhose negative decision has been confirmed by the Council for AlienDisputesareinvitedtogotooneofthefourFedasilcentersthatorganise‘openreturnplaces’.
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Examples
Inthefieldofsocial integrationthroughsport, theRedCrosshascreatedseveral sports initiatives, some involving popular sports and others forsportsthatarelittlepracticedatanationallevel,forrefugees.
Mini football championshipisorganisedeveryyearbetweenallthecentersoftheFrancophoneRedCrossforrefugees.
Kick-off association undertakes initiatives to facilitate access to sport foranyone.
Football Club Kraainem in theFlemishareaofKraainem(Brusselsregion)hasbeenopenedforrefugees.Themajorityofpeoplewhojoinedtheclubareunaccompaniedminors-refugeechildrenaged8-9to16-17yearsold(80%ofthepublic),around700youngpeopleperyear;alittlemorethan1,300youngpeoplesincethebeginningoftheproject.
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bestpractice-cyprusBackground
Cyprusisrelativelysmall,butauniqueislandcountry.Itislocatedinahighlysignificant and strategic position near the Middle East and has a longhistoryasacrossroadforcultures.Cyprushasbeenadividedcountrysince1974andtheTurkishinvasionthatledtotheso-called“Cyprusproblem”.Thepopulationwas838,897onthe1stofOctober2011(fortheRepublicofCyprus,the southern part of the island).There are estimates of total populationof1,133,803,fromwhich80%areGreek-Cypriots,18%TurkishCypriotsandTurkishsettlersand2%,otherminorities(Maronites,Armenians,Latinsandothers). Since 2004, relationships between the two divided communitieshaveimproved,thankstothedecisionofTurkishCypriotregimetopartiallyallowtheopeningofthebordersandbi-communalactivities,inwhichsportplayedasignificantpart(dovesOlympicproject,PeacePlayers).There are no official policies yet concerning sport and integration. In therefugeereceptioncentre(Kofinou)therearenoorganisedsportactivities.
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Examples
The most relevant recent initiatives were from the Cyprus OlympicCommittee. In Rio 2016, the leader of the refugee team ‘Tegla Loroupe’inspiredofficialsofCyprusOlympicCommitteetodevelopgoodpracticesforrefugees.
Sport stand with refugees initiatives and conference“Women and Sport”whichwasdedicatedtorefugeewomen,helpedmanyrefugeesinCyprustolearnaboutOlympism,playsport,meetTeglaLoroupeandinteractwithCypriotsportingsociety.
Omonoia Nicosia whichisthemostpopularfootballclubinCyprusandhasaleftwingbackground,developsseveralinitiativestosupportrefugeesandprovidesagoodexampleinCypriotfootball.
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bestpractice-portugalBackground
Portugal, has a rich multicultural and cosmopolitan history. Portugal istodayoneoftheEuropeancountrieswithavividAfricandescentthatcameupwiththedecolonisationprocess,economicgrowth,publicconstructionprojects with a need for human resources, the democratic consolidationand(in1986)integrationintotheEconomicEuropeanCommunityhaveallbecomestructuralfactorsthatincreasedimmigration.PortugalisoneofveryfewEuropeancountrieswhereasinglepublicbody-theHighCommissionforImmigrationandInterculturalDialogue-takesresponsibilityforpoliciesoninterculturaldialogue.TherearethetwoNationalImmigrationSupportCentres(CNAIs,inLisbonandinPorto,offeringservicesforimmigrantsatnationallevelandalsoLocalImmigrationSupportCentres(CLAIs)acrossthecountry.In addition, there is a Portuguese Network of Intercultural Cities whichpromotes the development and implementation of policies for theintegration, diversity management and intercultural dialogue, andpromotesbestpractices.IthasaconnectionwiththeEuropeanNetworkofInterculturalCities.
Examples
National Corfball tournament thiswasamixed tounamentwhichaimedtopromoteequalopportunities,combatbiasanddiscriminatorybehaviorthroughsports.ThegoalwastopracticethesportandcreatealocalteamforrepresentationintheInterculturalTournamentwhichtookplaceonMay19,2013.Joiningthecelebrationsofthe“WorldDayforCulturalDiversityforDialogueandDevelopment”.
Corfebol sem Fronteiras Corfebol is a sport of mixed teams, composed ofequal numbers of men & women, the teams must integrate native andforeign citizens, thus promoting the reinforcement of cultural diversity,as a way of expressing and appreciating their presence and diversity inPortuguesesociety.
whatsportinstitutionsdoOlympic committees
AcommonfindinginmostcountriesisthatNationalOlympicCommitteesdevelopprojectsrelatedtosocialinclusionandintegration.Theseinclude:
• Italian Olympic Committee - Sport and integration: the most beautifulvictoryprogramme,whichmakesawardstoexamplesofthebestpracticeofintegrationthroughsportinItaly.
•The InterculturalOlympicsand the recentagreementbetweenSpanishOlympicCommitteeandtheSpanishCommissionforRefugeeAssistanceCEAR to promote actions and programs that use sport as a tool for theintegrationofrefugeesintoSpanishsociety.
•Cyprus Olympic Committee–‘Sportstandswith refugees’and‘WomenandSport2017’conference.
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typesofsportsusedFootball
Football,beingthemostpopularsportinEurope,isalsothemostpopularsportforthistypeofinitiative.MajorEuropeanfootballclubs (RealMadrid inSpain,OmonoiaNicosia inCyprus) have developed initiatives that promote the social inclusion ofrefugees. Also, local football clubs develop initiatives about refugees andmigrantsaswell(KraainemFootballClubinKraainemBrusselsregion).In Italy football is the sport through which refugees express themselvesmosteasily.(Afro-NapoliUnited&LiberiNante).Similarly,intheUK,footballclubslikeUnitedGlasgowFootballClub(UGFC)competeinananti-racistfootballleagueinGlasgow.ItiscomprisedofamixtureofScottishnationals,refugees,asylumseekers,andimmigrants.
Other sports
Thereareothertraditionalsportsplayedbymigrants/refugeeswhichnowtakeplace inEuropeancountries.Forexample,Sikh,Bengali,SriLankaandIndiancommunitiesbecometherepresentativesfortheirItaliancityinnationalcricketcompetitions.InBelgium,cricketispracticedbyAfghanandPakistaninationals.Inthesamevein,CorfeballtournamentinPortugalusedthisunfamiliarsportto bring Portuguese citizens and foreigners together. There was also theopportunityformenandwomentoplaytogetherastheteamsweremixed.
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Thisisperfectlycoherentalsowiththecountriesoforiginofmostmigrantsand refugees on EU territory, mostly coming from Asia, Africa and LatinAmerica.Giventhemostpracticedsportsthroughouttheworldasshowninthemapabove,wecaneasilyunderstandwhichsportscanbetargeteddependingonthecommunitiesinvolved.
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genderequalityinsportforinterculturaldialoguepracticesacrosseuGender equality
There is a special interest in promoting gender equality in sport projects.Forthisreason,wehighlightthe“WomeninSport”projectintheUKwhichsupportsfemaleparticipationaswellasthe“WomenOnlyExercises”whichdevelop creative learning in Muskaan - Pakistani MuslimWomen. In Italy,outof45relevantprojectsaboutsportandrefugees,only21wereopentobothsexes,and3were targetedatwomen/girls (featuringyoga,volleyballandsoftball),whiletheremaining21wereonlyopentomales.InCyprusthe2017annualcongressofWomenandSportoftheCyprusOlympicCommitteewasdedicatedtorefugeewomen.Generalconclusionsofthecongressshowconcordancewithourpresentfindings,consideringthepracticesweanalysed:there are some very good initiatives, and many are emerging, yet they arestillasmallminority.Thisindicatesthereisalongroadtogenderequalityinsportsatpresent,butwearemakingverygoodstepstobeginwith.
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HOW TO SET UP AN ACTIVITY
ON SPORT ANDINTERCULTURAL
DIALOGUE
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creatingyourownactivityFromourresearchithasbeenshownthatthefollowingaspectsshouldbetakenintoaccountwhencreatingyourownsportactivityforInterculturaldialogue.
• strategy
• needs
• specific skill set
• define the activity programme• Best sport activities for ID• Complementary activities• Ease of access
• network
• communication
HOW TO SET UP AN ACTIVITY
ON SPORT ANDINTERCULTURAL
DIALOGUE
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strategy communication
sportactivitiesnotjustasport needs
networkspecificskillset activityprogramme
easeofaccess
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hintsonhowtocreateyourownactivity
strategySportforInterculturalDialogueactivitiesshouldbepartofawiderstrategyfortheorganisation.Thisisimportant,becausebydefiningastrategy,theorganisation:
• will be more aware about the vision, the values, the motivations thatunderlietheactivityprovided;•willoperateinawaythatimprovestheskillsandabilitiesneededtoplanandmanagetheactivities.
needsNeeds analysis
Sportsactivitiesshouldmeettheneeds,expectations,anddesiresofthoseinvolved.This means that an important part of the preparation of theseactivitieswillalsobededicatedtounderstandingtheneedsandaspirationsofthisgroup.Itisimportanttobeabletoidentifythe“maintargetgroup”,as well as secondary targets. In addition, take into consideration theeducationalgoalsoftheorganisation.
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specificskillsetEnhancingtheskillsetsofstaff,trainers,instructors,andvolunteers,isakeypartofthesuccessofsportsactivitiesaimedatinterculturaldialogue.Inparticular,thestaffshouldhaveknowledgeof:
• the issues of migration, minorities, cultural difference,interculturaldialogue;
•sportingpracticessuitable for thepurposeofpromotinginterculturaldialogue.
Aswellastheability:
• to organise a sporting activity or event aimed atpromoting intercultural dialogue, integrating sportsactivitieswithcomplementaryactivities;
• to facilitate groups of participants or work groupscomposedofpeoplefromdifferentcultures.
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activityprogrammeThissectionweareexploringtheissue:whattypeofactivitycanweorganise?•Sportevents.•Setupasporttrainingcoursesprogramme.
sportactivitiesBest sport activities for Intercultural Dialogue
Activitiesadaptedforinterculturaldialogue,caninclude:
1.Sportingactivitiesthatdrawattentiontointerculturaldialogue,forexample:• Include participants from different cultures, and tailor the activities totheirneeds(likethe“Women-onlyexercise”,UK).•Includecontentsaimedatfosteringinterculturaldialogue(like“InterculturalOlympics”,Spain).•PlaysportssuchasFootballThree,whichinvolveparticipantsindecidingtherulesofthegame,andagreeingamongstthemselves.
2. Sporting activities adapted to enrich them with educational activitiesthroughplayandmovement,allowingparticipantstoworkontheissuesofinterculturaldialogue.
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notjustsportComplementary activities
As well as sporting activities, it is important to organise complementaryactivities that are aimed at encouraging the integration of migrants orpeoplefromotherculturesingeneral,andpromotinginterculturaldialoguewithinthecommunity.Examplesinclude:•Languagecourses•Provisionofassistancetomigrantsandminorities•Culturalactivities ingeneral, tocreateawarenessof theculturesof thecountriesoforiginofmigrants,aswellasthehostcultureitself.These activities often require other organisations to be involved, hencethe importance of establishing a network with other stakeholders andorganisationsinthearea.
easeofaccess
Otherimportantaspectsofplanningsportsactivitiesare:•Timing•Place•Cost
Alloftheseneedtobeinplacetomaketheactivitiesaccessibletoparticipants,respectingtheirneedsfromasocial,economicalandculturalpointofview.
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network
Aimtoestablishawidenetworkofcontacts,topartnerorworkwithyouonvariouselementsoftheactivity.Thesecanbe:
•Stakeholders(communityleaders,experts,etc.)•Organisations•Publicsectoradministrators
Itisalsoimportantthattheorganisationandtheactivitiesitoffersrepresenttheneedsofthecommunity,especiallytheneedtointegratethedifferentcommunitiesandencourageinterculturaldialogue.
communication
Communicationoftheactivitiesyouareplanningwillbeneeded,inordertomakesurethewidercommunityisinvolved.Thismustbeplannedinadvance,incoordinationwiththedevelopmentofthestrategyforyourproject.
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SPORT ID TRAINING
OF TRAINERSMODULE
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SPORT ID TRAINING
OF TRAINERSMODULE
introductionThe Sports ID partnership has created and tested a training module.DifferencesbetweenEuropeannations–suchasdifferentsporttraditions,differentmigrationroutesanddifferentapproachestoinformaleducation– were taken into account.The partnership developed a common set ofpracticesandactivities,withdifferentteachingstrategies,trainingstructureand context. Each part of the training course focuses on specific aspectsof the learningobjectivesandusesdifferentmaterialsandactivities.YoucanfindtheSPORTIDTrainingmoduleplan,togetherwithwholerangeofmaterialsandactivitiesonSPORTIDwebsite.
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learningobjectivesFromtheinitialprojectwork,thepartnershipagreedonsixspecificlearningobjectives.
•IntroductiontoSportandInterculturalDialogueinEurope•Diversitycohesion•Rulesandconflictresolution•Theroleofthefacilitator•Sportprogrammesforinterculturaldialoguewithinthecommunity•Howtoplanandperformsportandsportrelatedactivitieswithmulticulturalgroups
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learning objectives
SportforInterculturaldialogueinEurope
•Beingawareofhowdifferenttraditionssociallyconstructsportandsportrelatedactivities•Beingawareofwhatkindoforganisationsarethereoperatingatna-tionalandeuropeancontextinthefieldofSportforinterculturaldia-logueandwhichkindofprogrammesaretheyimplementingatpresent
DiversityCohesion
•Beingabletopreventandtacklediscriminationandracismwithinamulticulturalgroup• Being able to promote tollerance and communication within amulticulturalgroup• Being able to foster sensitivity towards cultural diversity andsportdiversity
Rulesandconflictresolution•Beingabletonegotiatecommonrulesinamulticulturalgroup•Beingabletofosteractivelisteningamongallmembersofthegroup•Beingabletomediateconflictsinamulticulturalgroup
acquired skills – learning outcomes
Theroleofthefacilitator
•Beingawareofproblemsthatmayarisewhiletrainingagroup,andamulticulturalgroupspecifically•Beingawareofpossibilesolutions•Beingabletoexperimentandchoosesolutionsonthefield
Sportprogramsforinterculturaldialoguewithinthecommunity
• Being aware of which criteria a sport for intercultural dialogueactivityshouldfulfill•Beingabletoplanaprogram/activityforaspecificcommunity/group•Beingabletoinvolvethecommunity
Planandperformsportndsportrelatedactivitieswithmulticulturalgroups
•Experimenttheactivitiesandprogramswithaspecifictargetgroup•Beingabletogetthefeedbackfromthegroup•Beingable tochangeone’sfacilitatingstylebasedon thefeed-backofthegroup
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RESOURCES AND USEFUL MATERIALS
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RESOURCES AND USEFUL MATERIALS
referencesOn migration issues:www.europarl.europa.eu/news/en/headlines/society/20170629STO78630/eu-migrant-crisis-facts-and-figures
ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php/Migration_and_migrant_population_statistics#Acquisitions_of_citizenship:_EU_Member_States_granted_citizenship_to_almost_1_million_persons_in_2016
ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php/Migration_and_migrant_population_statistics
www.hrw.org/tag/europes-migration-crisis
On sport and intercultural dialogue in the EU:
www.euractiv.com/section/sports/linksdossier/sport-and-intercultural-dialogue/
rm.coe.int/sport-facing-the-test-of-cultural-diversity-integration-and-intercultu/1680734be5
pjp-eu.coe.int/documents/1017981/1667865/Sport .pdf/2500e8fb-e89d-47f7-bdec-baa01c28f828
www.coe.int/en/web/sport/epas
www.coe.int/en/web/sport-migrant-integration-directory/home
On SPORT ID website you can fi nd:
•SPORT ID Handbook:ausefultooltoorientateyourorganisation’sactivitytowardssportforinterculturaldialogue
•SPORT ID Training module plan:youcanuseittoplananddeliveryourownSPORTIDtrainingmodule
•Asetofactivitiesandgamesyoucanuseduringtrainings
•SPORT ID DAY Guidelines:youcanuseittoorganiseyourownSPORTIDDayEvent
•LinkstotheSPORT ID Network:youcanuseittocontactortakeinspirationfromalltheorganisationsjoiningthenetworkacrosstheEUorevenbecomeamemberyoursel
•Otherusefullinkstonews,eventsandinitiativesacrossEuropeandmaterialsdeveloppedindifferentprojectsandcontexts
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sportforinterculturaldialogueErasmus+Sport,CollaborativePartnershipsCod.2016-3602/001–001January2017-December2018www.sport4id.eu
dacorumcouncilforvoluntaryservicewww.communityactiondacorum.orgEUprojects@communityactiondacorum.org.uk
centreforadvancementofresearchanddevelopmentineducation(cardet)[email protected]
100% aventura–associaçãodedesportoenaturezawww.facebook.com/associacao.aventura/[email protected]
learningcenterforyouth(lcyouth)[email protected]
fundaciónreddeporteycooperació[email protected]
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