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THE ROLE OF

TECHNOLOGY

IN SPORTBy :

Maizatul Nabillah Ghazali

Suzila Irwan

Nadiatu Liyana Khairulanhar

Muhammad Elyas Sulaiman

Muhamad Syahir Bin Mohamad @ Ismail

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What are sporting technologies?

Technology in sports is a technical means by which athletes attempt

to improve their training and competitive surroundings in order to

enhance their overall athletic performance.

It is the knowledge and application of using specialised equipment

and the latest modern technologies to perform tasks more efficiently.

Examples of sporting technologies include golf clubs, athletic sports

gear (clothing and footwear), advanced computer stimulations and

motion capture.

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What are the benefits of advanced

sporting technologies?

Recent developments in sporting technologies have created a variety

of products aimed at improving and increasing athletic performance.

Athletic health can be maintained and observed, and injuries treated,

through the production of modern sporting technologies such asheart rate monitors, pedometers and body-fat monitors.

Made competition judging easier and more accurate, and spectator

interest and excitement is enhanced by broadcasting and in-stadium

displays (scoreboards).

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How can technology be used to

enhance athletic performance?

Sports gear such as clothing and footwear should be user-

friendly and include valuable properties such as strength,

flexibility, density, thickness, durability, toughness,resistance to moisture and more importantly

cost. Footwear is generally considered more for comfort

and injury avoidance rather than performance

enhancement.

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How can technology be used to

enhance athletic performance?

Prosthetic devices have also been constructed for those athletes with

a specific disability. Examples include the springlite prosthesis

device created for those athletes deficient of a lower limb, which acts

with a springboard-like effect where with each step as the runnerstrikes the track, the device returns energy and permits running

gait. The reduced mass of the springlite device compared to that of

the earlier wooden prosthesis is firm yet supple for sprinters, and

provides some shock absorbing properties for marathon runners.

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How can technology be used to

analyse athletic performance?

Technologies such as CAD (Computer Aided Design) can play a

major role in the improvement of sporting equipment. CAD allows

virtual design and testing techniques to be applied to all aspects of

sport and leisure equipment research and development. CAD offersan efficient means of considering and assessing new products and

ideas, and is primarily used to improve safety, comfort and

effectiveness of specialised sports equipment.

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How can technology be used to

analyse athletic performance?

More modern technologies such as motion capture analysis

are also used to analyse athletic performance. This

involves digitally recording the movements of athletesduring sporting activities which can then be used for

personal performance evaluation by the sports person, for

enhanced spectator entertainment, and in some cases

medical treatment.

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What are the ethical considerations

surrounding the use of technology in sports?

The use of modern technologies in sport may mean that competition

at the uppermost level is only affordable to the leading top athletes

due to the potential high costs of specialised sports equipment. In

those sports incorporating individuals with a particular disability, there

are a variety of methods in which assistance can be given.

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Shoe Parts and Technologies

When it comes to sneaker technology,

shoes are divided into three major areas:

the upper, the midsole, and the outsole.Depending on the materials and

combinations used, one model of sneaker

can vary greatly from another.

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Nike and their Running Shoes

Technology

Nike, Inc. has a history of

developing innovative and new

impact protection systems.

Starting with the Waffle Trainerto the Shox columns developed

in 2001, certain technologies

can only be found in genuine

Nike shoes.

http://shoesobsessions.files.wordpress.com/2008/08/ad-2-copia.jpg

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Nike Technologies

Since it early stages, Nike research facilities had

evolved to the present 13,000 square feet

building designated to the constant

improvements of technologies, where researchis divided into three parts:

*Biomechanics: how the body moves

*Physiology: how the body works specially understress.

*Sensory/Perception: the evaluation of how a

product works, feels and wears.

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Impact Protection

Nike employs a variety of cushioning

systems in their products. Cushioning

systems need to reduce shock, distributepressure, protect from impact and offer

comfort.

The four cushioning systems pioneered

and sold by Nike are Nike Air, Nike Air

Max, Nike Air Zoom, and Nike Shox.

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Nike Air

Nike Air was the first air

technology developed at Nike,

and it changed the way people

thought about cushioning. Itremains a standard for impact

protection more than 20 years

after its creation.

The Nike Air made from

pressurized gas inside a tough

yet flexible urethane plastic

capsule.

http://shoesobsessions.files.wordpress.com/2008/08/nike-air.jpg

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Nike Max Air / Air Max

Nike Max Air, the maximum in

impact cushioning, is designed

to take brutal, repetitive impacts

and minimize their effects on the

body and your performance. Air

Max units are made through a

technique called blow-molding,

allowing for the greatest volumeof Nike Air without weakening

the Air-Sole unit.

http://shoesobsessions.files.wordpress.com/2008/08/runningschuhe-nike-air-max-360_96__483736_60.jpg

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Nike Zoom Air / Air Zoom

This lightweight, super-

responsive, and ultra thin Air

unit brings the foot closer to theground for the ultimate feel and

great maneuverability.

Used primarily for basketball

shoes, shoes built with the Air

Zoom tend to be light and

responsive with excellent

ground-feel.

http://shoesobsessions.files.wordpress.com/2008/08/air-zoom-elite-3-315163102-p.jpg

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Nike Shox

Nike Free technology is a

combination of impact

protection and outsole

technology.

This light-weight, highly

flexible shoe simulates the

effects of barefoot running anddistributes the landing pressure

over a larger area to reduce

stress on the legs, knees, and

back.

http://shoesobsessions.files.wordpress.com/2008/08/nike-shox.jpg

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Nike Free

Nike Free technology is a

combination of impact

protection and outsole

technology. This light-weight,

highly flexible shoe simulates

the effects of barefoot

running and distributes the

landing pressure over alarger area to reduce stress

on the legs, knees, and

back.

http://shoesobsessions.files.wordpress.com/2008/08/nike-free-70-black-red.jpg

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Nike Sphere Dry

This double-brushed microfiber fleece

retains energy and resists heat loss. It

provides maximum insulation from coldand wind with minimal weight and bulk,

and is ideal for any cold weather activities

that require insulation. Can be worn alone

or as part of a multi-layering system.

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Nike Dri- FIT

This high-performance microfiber

polyester fabric actually pulls sweat away

from the body and transports it to the

fabric surface where it evaporates and

leaves the skin cool and dry. Its all you

need for hot days, and a critical base layerfor cold days.

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Nike Therma-FIT

This double-brushed microfiber fleece

retains energy and resists heat loss. It

provides maximum insulation from coldand wind with minimal weight and bulk,

and is ideal for any cold weather activities

that require insulation. Can be worn aloneor as part of a multi-layering system.

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Nike Air Cushioning

http://shoesobsessions.files.wordpress.com/2008/08/nikeair450.jpg

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OTHER SPORTS

TECHNOLOGY

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Gogal terbaru ini merupakan alat yang dicipta khas

daripada bahan2 yang lebih ringan.Gogle ini membantu

atlet melakukan renangan dengan lebih pantas kerana

berjaya mengurangkan rintangan

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Kelebihan Chariot skate ini ialah ia mampumencapai tahap momentum yang tinggi danlebih kestabilan dalam mengawal kelajuan.

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Alat terbaru untuk mengukur masa yang diambil oleh

seseorang pelari pecut.Pelari boleh menilai tahapnya

sendiri tanpa memerlukan bantuan orang lain untuk

mengambil masa larian.Alat in akan mengeluarkan bunyi

sebelum masa diambil sebagai peringatan untuk

permulaan larian.

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Helmet football yang direka khas menggunakan bahan

yang lebih ringan tetapi kuat.Dengan adanya teknologi

ini.Pemain dapat meningkatkan mutu permainan dan

keselamatan mereka.

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Power balance merupakan hologram dan juga getah yang

dicampur serbuk titanium yang mengandungi frekuensi

semulajadi dari alam yang dapat bereaksi secara positif

dengan pusat energi tubuh.

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Power balance digunakan oleh para atlit

antarabangsa kerana:

1.Ia dapat membantu keseimbangan

tubuh

2.Membantu koordinasi dan kelenturan

tubuh

3.Menambahkan kekuatan dan

ketahanan tubuh secara menyeluruh.

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Penggunaan X-tremus dapat membantu

meningkatkan beberapa keupayaan atlet

seperti melompat lebih tinggi, bergerak lebih

laju dan mendapatkan postur yang lebih stabil

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References

http://shoesobsessions.wordpress.com/20

08/08/18/nike-technologies/

http://www.popularmechanics.com/outdoor

s/sports/technology/olympic-science-the-

gear-of-the-2012-games-9989520

http://shoesobsessions.wordpress.com/20

08/08/06/adidas-shoes-technology/

http://www.ulster.ac.uk/scienceinsociety/te

chnologyinsport.html

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