Sports ScienceSports Science

5.1 Introduction to Sports 5.1 Introduction to Sports ScienceScience

Learning objectivesLearning objectives

Know the role of scientists involved Know the role of scientists involved in sportin sport

Understand how antagonistic Understand how antagonistic muscles workmuscles work

St. Luke’s St. Luke’s ScienceScience and and SportsSports College College

Sports scientist – aim to improve athletic Sports scientist – aim to improve athletic performanceperformance

Sports physiologistSports physiologist health and fitness, particularly the parts of health and fitness, particularly the parts of

body directly involvedbody directly involved NutritionistNutritionist

Control energy and nutrient intakeControl energy and nutrient intake Material ScientistMaterial Scientist

Properties of materials used and the effects Properties of materials used and the effects sports have on materialssports have on materials

Fit to SuceedFit to Suceed

Success in sport depends upon:Success in sport depends upon: Fitness and performance of bodyFitness and performance of body Energy and nutrient intakeEnergy and nutrient intake Effectiveness of kitEffectiveness of kit Athletic skill levelAthletic skill level Concentration under pressureConcentration under pressure

Surf’s Up!Surf’s Up! Surf Science at Plymouth UniSurf Science at Plymouth Uni

Material scienceMaterial science aerodynamics aerodynamics wave mechanicswave mechanics business skillsbusiness skills Surf techniqueSurf technique Field trip to Hawaii!Field trip to Hawaii!

What is muscle?What is muscle? Tissue consisting of Tissue consisting of

bundles or sheets of cellsbundles or sheets of cells Able to contract and Able to contract and

cause tensioncause tension 3 types of muscle:3 types of muscle:

Voluntary muscleVoluntary muscle Involuntary muscle (hollow Involuntary muscle (hollow

organs)organs) Cardiac muscleCardiac muscle

All work in different waysAll work in different ways

Voluntary (skeletal) Voluntary (skeletal) musclemuscle

Attached to our Attached to our bones with tendonsbones with tendons Under conscious Under conscious

controlcontrol Continuous functionContinuous function Structural functionStructural function Some facial muscles Some facial muscles

joined to your skinjoined to your skin Muscles generate Muscles generate

heat as a by-productheat as a by-product

Involuntary (smooth) Involuntary (smooth) musclemuscle

Found in walls of hollow organsFound in walls of hollow organs Work automaticallyWork automatically

StomachStomach IntestinesIntestines UterusUterus Pupillary sphincter musclePupillary sphincter muscle

Perform housekeeping functionsPerform housekeeping functions

Cardiac muscleCardiac muscle Only found in the heartOnly found in the heart Never gets tiredNever gets tired Not under our controlNot under our control Contracts – pumps bloodContracts – pumps blood Relax – fills heart againRelax – fills heart again

70-90 times a minute70-90 times a minute 3,280,896,000 in a life time3,280,896,000 in a life time

Muscles work in pairsMuscles work in pairs Attached to bones by tendonsAttached to bones by tendons

Muscles can only exert a pulling force Muscles can only exert a pulling force

Muscles are found in Muscles are found in antagonisticantagonistic pairs pairs

Extensor muscle - opens the jointExtensor muscle - opens the joint

Flexor muscleFlexor muscle

Biceps and triceps:Biceps and triceps:

Biceps are contracting = triceps relaxingBiceps are contracting = triceps relaxing

Triceps contracting = bicep relaxingTriceps contracting = bicep relaxing

Key PointsKey Points

Sports physiologist – studies parts of Sports physiologist – studies parts of body used during exercisebody used during exercise

Nutritionist – energy and nutrient Nutritionist – energy and nutrient intakeintake

Materials scientist – properties of Materials scientist – properties of materials used in kitmaterials used in kit

Success = fitness, kit, skill, energy Success = fitness, kit, skill, energy and concentrationand concentration

Skeletal/voluntary muscles work as Skeletal/voluntary muscles work as antagonistic pairsantagonistic pairs