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More Examples of Current
Satellite Systems and Sensors
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SPOT-1 & -2 Characteristics
Data Provider: Spot Image Corporation, Reston, VASensor: 2 High Resolution Visible (HRV) Sensors: Linear array
-Off nadir capability
-HRVs can operate in either XS or Pan mode independently
Spectral (um) and Spatial (m) Resolutions: Band 1 .50-.59 20
Band 2 .61-.68 20
Band 3 .78-.89 20
Pan .51-.73 10
Temporal Resolution:, 1-4 days (off-nadir)
Radiometric Resolution: 8 bit
Image Swath: 60 x 60 km at nadir
Cost:Approximately $1200 per scene
SPOT-1 launched 1986; SPOT-2 launched 1990
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SPOT-5
Data Provider: Spot Image Corporation, Reston, VASensor: 2 High Resolution Geometric (HRG) Sensors
Vegetation Sensor-Off nadir capability
Spectral (um) and Spatial (m) Resolutions:
HRG Sensors Vegetation Sensor Band 1 .50-.59 10 .45-.52 1000 Band 2 .61-.68 10 .61-.68 1000 Band 3 .78-.89 10 .78-.89 1000 Band 4 1.58-1.75 20 1.58-1.75 1000 Pan (2) .48-.71 5 or 2.5
Temporal Resolution: HRG 1-4 day (off-nadir), Vegetation 1 dayRadiometric Resolution: HRG 8 bit, Vegetation 10 bitImage Swath: HRVIR 60 x 60 km at nadir, Vegetation 2,250 kmCost:Approximately $2500 to $10,00 per scene, depending on
type of productSPOT-5 launched 2002
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SPOT-5
Phoenix, AZ. , 6/16/02
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SPOT: Fires in Greece (2009)
Burnedareas
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SPOT: Mauritius Island
Coral reefs
Clouds
http://www.spotimage.com/imagezoom.php?location=public&file=p3397_e61e33e28cb7aa9836eae8b70fbc9feaSPOT67-2.jpg&label=SPOT+6+and+SPOT+7+Satellite+Constellation7/27/2019 Spot Irs Ikonos Qbird Geoeye
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SPOT 6 & 7
Automatic orthoimage with location accuracyof 10m
Bundle: simultaneous acquisition of
panchromatic and multispectral imagery- 1.5m panchromatic (0.455m 0.745m)- 6m multispectral, 4 bands:
- blue (0.455m 0.525m)- green (0.530m 0.590m)
- red (0.625m 0.695m)- near-infrared (0.760m 0.890m)
Pan-sharpened: 1.5m color merge combiningpanchromatic and four multispectral bands
Imaging swath: 60km at nadir
Format: JPEG 2000
(Launch in 2012?)
Two-satellite constellation
http://www.spotimage.com/imagezoom.php?location=public&file=p3397_2db0dbc38c892d85df6feca9b6819ac9programmation_spot67_L.jpg&label=SPOT+6+and+SPOT+7+Taskinghttp://www.spotimage.com/imagezoom.php?location=public&file=p3397_e61e33e28cb7aa9836eae8b70fbc9feaSPOT67-2.jpg&label=SPOT+6+and+SPOT+7+Satellite+Constellation7/27/2019 Spot Irs Ikonos Qbird Geoeye
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Pleiades
Spatial: 50 cm
Panchromatic: 480-830 nmBlue: 430-550 nmGreen: 490-610 nmRed: 600-720 nm
Near Infrared : 750-950 nm
France and Italy; to be operated by SPOT Image Corp.
Launch: Late 2011 or early 2012
Two-satellite constellation similar to SPOTs 6 & 7
Stereo imagery
Daily coverage
http://smsc.cnes.fr/IcPLEIADES/PHR_02_BR.jpg7/27/2019 Spot Irs Ikonos Qbird Geoeye
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Indian Remote Sensing Satellite
National Remote Sensing Agency,Government of India
IRS-1A launched in 1988
IRS-1B launched in 1991
IRS-1C launched in 1995IRS-1D launched in 1997
IRS-P6 (Resourcesat-1) launched in 2003
IRS-P5 (Cartosat-1) launched in 2005Cartosat-2 launched in 2007
Others
Resourcesat-2 launched in 2011
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IRS-1C and 1D
500-750 nm (pan) @ 5.8 m spatialresolution
520-590 nm @ 23 m
620-680 nm @ 23 m770-860 nm @23 m
1550-1700 nm @ 70 m
620-680 nm @ 188 m770-860 nm @ 188 m
IRS image: Alamosa, CO
Note Variable Spatial Resolution
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Indian Remote Sensing Satellites
Perth, Australia Airport as seen by Cartosat-2; Indian Space Research Organization
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ALOS (renamed Daichi)
Japanese Space Agency
Launched in 2006
2.5m panchromatic10m multispectral
0.42-0.50 (blue)
0.52-0.60 (green)0.61-0.69 (red)
0.76-0.89 (near-IR)
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CBERS
China and Brazil
Launched October, 2001
20m to 260m spatial5-day interval
2.7m panchromatic
0.63 - 0,69 nm (red)0.77 0.89 nm (NIR)
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EO-1 Characteristics
Data Provider: USGS/EROS, Sioux Falls, SDSensors:Advanced Land Imager (ALI),HyperionSpectral (um) and Spatial (m) Resolutions:
Advanced Land Imager (ALI)
MS-1 .433-.453 30 MS-1 .450-.515 30 MS-2 .525-.605 30 MS-3 .630-.690 30 MS-4 .775-.805 30
MS-4 .845-.890 30 MS-5 1.20-1.30 30 MS-5 1.55-1.75 30 MS-7 2.08-2.35 30 Pan .480-.690 10
Advanced Land Imager Washington D.C.EO-1 launched 2000
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ALI: Greenland Glaciers
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ALI: Christchurch, NZ
The natural-color
image was captured
on March 4, 2011.
Overlain on the map
are seismologicalmeasurements of
the ground shaking
in the Christchurch
area on February 22,
as noted by the U.S.
Geological Survey's
Earthquake Hazard
Program.
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RapidEye (Germany)
Launched in August, 2008 fromBaikonur Cosmodrome
5-satellite constellation
Offers daily coverage
5m spatial resolution orthorectified12-bit quantization
Blue 440 - 510
Green 520 - 590
Red 630 - 685Red Edge 690 730
NIR 760 - 850
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http://www.rapideye.de/ corp.com/satellite-sensors/rapideye.html
RapidEye Imagery
http://www.rapideye.de/products/index.htm7/27/2019 Spot Irs Ikonos Qbird Geoeye
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IKONOS Characteristics
Data Provider: Space Imaging, Thorton, CO(now operating under the aegis of GeoEye)
Sensor: Multispectral/Panchromatic modes
-Off nadir capability
Spectral (um) and Spatial (m) Resolutions: Band 1 .45-.52 4
Band 2 .51-.60 4
Band 3 .63-.70 4
Band 4 .76-.90 4
Pan .45-.90 1
Temporal Resolution: Approximately 3 days
Radiometric Resolution: 11 bit
Image Swath: 11 x 11 km at nadir
Cost: $1500-$1800 per sceneIKONOS-1 launched 1999
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IKONOSMSS:
RoatanIsland,
Honduras
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IKONOS Pan: Miami, FL
This one-meter resolution black and white image shows the downtown waterfront of Miami, Florida
December 21, 1999
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IKONOS-2 True-Color Composite (TCC)
Toronto, Canada
Skydome
home of the Bluejays
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IKONOS-2 TCC: Pentagon
Areadamagedon
9/11/2001
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IKONOS FCC, Mead, 1 July 2002
Cloud
Cloudshadow
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IKONOS TCC, Mead, 1 July 2002
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IKONOS Pan, Mead, 1 July 2002
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IKONOS, Hamilton County, NE
Note the lackof vegetationcover. This
scene wasused toevaluatecrop residue.
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QuickBird CharacteristicsData Provider: Digital Globe, Longmont, CO
Google Maps / Earth
Sensor: Multispectral/Panchromatic modes-Capable ofoff-nadir viewing
Spectral (um) and Spatial (m) Resolutions: Band 1 .45-.52 2.44 Band 2 .52-.60 2.44 Band 3 .63-.69 2.44 Band 4 .76-.90 2.44 Pan .45-.90 .61
Temporal Resolution: 1-3.5 daysRadiometric Resolution: 11 bitImage Swath: 16.5 x 16.5 kmCost: $8160 per scene
QuickBird launched 2001
Q i kBi d P Eiff l T P i
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QuickBird Pan: Eiffel Tower, Paris
Q i kBi d P Ch El P i
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QuickBird Pan: Champs Elysses, Paris
QuickBird Pan: Jerusalem
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QuickBird Pan: Jerusalem
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QuickBird Imagery Multispectral
Agriculture - Robat, Morocco 02/08/02
QuickBird MSS: Pentagon
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QuickBird MSS: Pentagon
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QuickBird MSS: Nebraska
GeoEye
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GeoEyePurchased Space Imaging in January, 2006
IKONOS now under the aegis of GeoEye
GeoEye-1 launched September 6, 2008
Spatial resolution: .41 m pan and 1.65 m multispectral (isthe highest spatial resolution available in a commercialsatellite system)
Spectral:
450800 nm (pan)450510 nm (blue)510580 nm (green)655690 nm (red)780920 nm (near IR)
Swath width: 15.2 km
Revisit: 1-3 days
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GeoEye:Pepsi
Center,Denver
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GeoEye:CoorsField,
Denver
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The WorldView Satellites
Digital Globe Corporation
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WorldView-1, launched inSeptember of 2007, is a
single-channel(panchromatic) sensor withspatial resolution of meter, and a near-daily re-visit time
WorldView-2, launched inthe fall of 2009, has 1
panchromatic channel and8 multispectral. Spatial =1.8m. Radiometric=11 bits
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SummaryWeather satellites available from the early 1960s
forward, but of low spatial and spectral resolutionEarth resources remote sensing began with the launchof Landsat-1 in 1972; the U.S. was the leader. Landsatwas the only show in town through the early 1980s.Other countries entered the Earth resources race in the
mid-1980s (e.g., France and the SPOT satellite)SPOT began the trend of installing a panchromatic bandwith very high spatial resolution, to be followed bynumerous others and culminating in the one-meter classsystems of the late 1990s
The 1990s to the present saw the emergence of private-sector companies in the satellite-launch andoperationsmarket (e.g., Space Imaging > GeoEye, Digital Globe)Today, there are innumerable Earth-observing satellitesin orbit, including government / civilian / academic-orientedsystems, private-sector systems, and military