Sproull_SBSEE10

8/9/2019 Sproull_SBSEE10

1/22

1


2/22

Optimizing IT and IT for optimizing

Bob SproullVice President, Director of Sun Labs


3/22

3

Reducing energy use in large data

centers

Eliminate unused equipment Increase utilization

Consolidate Virtualize

Refresh technology Improve data center design, especially cooling


4/22

4

Eliminate unused equipment

Aged servers with no use still consume power in datacenters

8-10% of servers studied had no identifiable function At Sun, systems were turned off, kept in place 90days If no complaints after crossing a quarter boundary,

removed


5/22

5

Increase utilization

Server utilizations can be as low as 20% Often the result of provisioning one application per server

Consolidation: multiple applications per server Virtualization: multiple instances, multiple

environments; dynamically assigned (load-balancing) Power up/down to adjust capacity: application must

cooperate

At Sun10-25% of 1000 applications are candidates for consolidation/virtualization

3500+ production servers: 350-875 servers virtualized


6/22

6

General-purpose computing load


7/22

7

Technology refresh

Colorado campus SunRay server upgrade

$40K/yr savings in powerat the computer$80K-$100K including cooling load, power losses


8/22

8

Improving data center design

Especially cooling


9/22

9

The POD architecture

A group of racks or benches with a common hot or coldaisle used as a building block to simplify datacenter

design for power, cooling, and cabling

Vendor Independent, Slab or Raised Floor,Flexible, Scalable, High Density


10/22

10

Pod design concept


11/22

11

Results from real data centers

Suns Santa Clara Data Center Over 60% reduction in energy costs (PUE = 1.2) Reduced Suns carbon emissions by 1% (4100 tons/yr) Awarded over $1 million rebates and awards from utilities Mix of redundancy and power requirements

Texas Advanced Computing Center (TACC),University of Texas, Austin $ 59 million HPC system Peak performance exceeds 400 Teraflops Over 100 TB memory and 1.7 PB disk storage Very high power densities, headroom for upgrades


12/22

12

Further steps

Air-side economization (Oracle Salt Lake datacenter) More dynamic load management

Turning more equipment on and off More adaptive data-center networking

Power conversion efficiencies, e.g., 50 VDC Run equipment hotter Cogeneration (team up with heat consumers) Lower-power electronics

but preserve performance Example: reduce power for chip-to-chip communication with

proximity communications


13/22

13

Proximity Communication (research)

High bandwidth, low power chip-to-chip connections 1 pj/bit at 5GHz vs 5-10 pj/bit SerDes vs 40 pj/bit conventional Signal across capacitors formed by adjacent chips Nearly as dense as on-chip wires (25x50 micron)Accommodates heterogeneous chiptechnologies

Repair by replacing chips


14/22

14

IT for Optimizing Energy Use

Expressed as a large optimization problem But no possibility of gathering all data, solving

centrally

Must use decentralized methods Markets work this way Prices and constraints (availability) communicated among

players

Lots of analysis has been done about how to solve this kindof problem


15/22

15

Digital Controllers

Can include energy optimization in their computations Priorities

Safety usually of humansProtection usually of assets

Comfort and/or convenience advisory Optimization (reduce cost) advisory

Household examples Your hybrid car HVAC, hot water, home automation Appliances Fire alarm or security system


16/22

16

Scenarios for household energy

controllers

GridWise Interoperability Framework (2007) Controller for elderly womans electric

Because of health, exempt from mandatory cutbacks duringheavy load events

She can adjust thermostat Some lights to indicate price events, emergencies Installed by grandson

When changes are needed, she calls her grandson (everyhouse needs a sys admin)

an artful scenario, shows the importance of the user interface

but doesnt begin to show how customer preferences enter


17/22

17

Automatic Teller Machines

Banks objective is to get >95% of customers to beable to use an ATM

Citibank design for New York City in 70s and 80s Led by Larry Weiss, psychologist and brand marketer Careful attention to design, messages, simplicity Extensive user testing

Today the public is more familiar with such interfaces But achieving wide adoption is still challenging

Most user interfaces arent as good: Your HVAC system, your hybrid car, todays ATMs

And optimization is much more complex


18/22

18

Household energy optimization may

have huge returns

30% of US GHG emissions are direct household use household = residence + driving

Behavioral changes might lead to 20% reductioncareful analysis of 17 specific actions

accounts for plasticity, likelihood of acceptance savings ~123 MtC/yr at year 10 (Frances consumption now)

Some of this is simple Some will require advanced controls

Eliciting user preferences and constraintsfull employment for granddaughters

Source: Household actions can provide a behavioral wedge to rapidly reduce US carbon emissions, PNAS 106(44) 18452-18456.


19/22

19

Expressing a users constraints and

preferences to an optimizer

No successful model with wide public use Many techniques are known not to work:

Rule systems are awkward and do not scale Rational decision making does not capture human decisions Complexity rapidly defeats people

Radical innovation will be required Learning behavior patterns, eliciting acceptable actions Explanation, diagnosis of questionable behaviorSimple customizations of complex templates

Analysis of audit trails Plug and play when new energy elements enter household

The goal is adoption, and therefore energy savings


20/22

20

(Open) innovation required to evolve

such controllers

Interaction techniques that a large fraction of thepublic can use to control optimization are an unsolvedproblem

Best environment for creative innovation is an openenvironment:

Open interfaces and communications with utilities and serviceproviders, e.g., prices, availability

Open interfaces to household components

HVAC, home automation, appliances Separate advisory from essential control functions

(this is done for avionics: flight advisory computer)


21/22

21

Challenges

The IT challenge: wide adoption for controllers thatoptimize energy use for individuals

The industry and policy challenge: open theinterfaces, keep them open


22/22

22

[email protected]

Date post:	30-May-2018
Category:	Documents
Upload:	mikaela-mennen
View:	217 times
Download:	0 times

Sproull_SBSEE10

Documents