8/7/2019 SPT - Ship Survey

1/10

CHAPTER 6

SHIP SURVEY

8/7/2019 SPT - Ship Survey

2/10

Classification Societies

A cargo sh ippe r and the underwriter requeated 0 insure ,I maritime riskrequire some assurancethat an y particular 'Vesselis structur,aUyfit to undertakea pr-oposedvoyage. To enable the shipper an dunderwriter to distinguish

- -

the good risk from the bad a system of elassifiea 'on has been formulatedover aperiod of m orethan 200 y ears. Du rin gthis period re liabl eorgamza-dODS have been created forthe initial and con tin ing in spection of ships sothat classificationmay be assessed an d m a in tain ed .Recent amendment to the requirements of the International Conveaticn

fo r the Safe tyof Life. at Sea (SOLAS ,_ seeChapter 29 ) 1have requ ired ships,to which that convention applies to be designed, constructed and main ...' tamed in compliance with the structural, ,mechanicaland electrical require-m en ts of a. classification society wmch is recognised by the ilag,administration10,[ with applicab le nationalstandards of that administr,ationwhich provide an equivalent level of ,safety., In general flag admioistr,ltionsreoo,goisespecific,Iclassificationsocieties for th iSpurpose tither thanmaiio-taining such national standards.Whilst there are reponed tobe .m o re 'tbau 50ship classificationo,rganiza ..

dons'Worldwide the 10 m ajorclassification. societi s that claim to class,somenlnety-four per cent of all commercial tonnage involved in internationaltrad e 'worldWid e, are membersof the In tern ation al A ssociation , ofClassifi-cation Socie ties, (lACS).These members of lAC are ~

American Bu reau of Shippin g(ABS )Bu reau Veritas (BV )'China.Classification Society (CCS)D et N orsk e Veritas(DINV)Germaniseher Lloyd I(IOL)-KoreanRegister (ICR)Lloyds,Register (LR)Nippon Kaiji ICyok ai (crassNK)

Registro Italian o N avale (K INA)RBSSianMariti __e Register of Shipping (RS)

USAFranceChina

oreaeat Britain,

Japan

ItalyRussia,

119

8/7/2019 SPT - Ship Survey

3/10

-

8/7/2019 SPT - Ship Survey

4/10

Classification Societies

scantlings, structural arrangements and details of ship structures, This wasa response to, ,3 perception that the traditional semi-empirical publishedclassification rules based on experience could be inadequate for new andlarger vessel trends. The computer programs ade available to shipy,ards"incorporate a realistic representation of the dynamic loads likely 'to beexperienced by 'the ship' and axe used to determine the scantlings and inves-tigare the structural responses of critical areas of the ship,'s structure,

Lloyds Register "Sbip Right Procedures fOI the Desiga, Constructionand LUebme Care of Ships" incorporates programs for structural designassessment (SDA) and fatigue design assessment (FDA). Also iacorpo-rated are Construetion Mcnitoring (eM) procedures which ensure that theidentified critical locations on the ship are built to acceptable standards andapproved 'construction proeedures, (These provisions are mandatory fOI

classification of tankers of more than 190 metres in length and for otherships where the type" size and structuralcenfiguration demand).

Periodical SurveysTo maintain the assigeed class the vessel bas to be examined by the Societysurveyors at regular periods.The major hull items to be examined at the surveys only are indicated

below.

,ANNUALSURVEYS All st,eel ships are required to be surveyed at Intervalsof' approximately one year, These annual surveys are where practicable heldconcurrently with statutory annual or other loa line surveys. At tbe surveythe surveyor is to examine the condition of all closing appliances covered bythe conditions of assignment IO fminimum free oard, the freeboard marks"and auxiliary steering gear. Watertigha doors and uther penetrations ofwatertight: bulkheads are, also examined and the structural fire protection

verified. The generalcendition of the vessel is assessed, and anchors andcables are inspected wbere possible at these: annual &UI'Veys.Dry bulk cargoships are subject to an inspection of a forward and after cargo hold.

INTERMED lATE SU RVE YS Instead of the second or third annual s-mvey'after buHding O[ special survey an lntermedia e snrvey is undertaken.. Inaddition to , the requirements for ,annual sUIVey particular attention is paidto cargo holds in vessels over 15 years of age d the operatings systems,oftankers, chemical carriers and liquefied gas o .ers,

DOCKING SURVEYS Ships are to be examined in dry dock at intervalsnot exceeding 2lh years. At the drydocking s -~.eyparticular attention is

8/7/2019 SPT - Ship Survey

5/10

Ship' Construction

paid to the shell plating, stem frame and rudder" external and through hullfittings, and all parts, of the hull 'Particularly liable to corros ion and chafing,and any unfairness, of bottom,

IN-WATER SURVEYS The society may accept In-water urveys in lieu ofanyone ofthe two dockings required in, ill five-year period. The in-watersurvey is to provide the information normally obtained for the dockingsurvey, Generally consideratien is only given to an in-water survey where asuitable high resistance paint has been applied to the underwater hull

SP'ECIAL SURVEYS AU steel ship's classed with Lloyds Register aresubject to special surveys. These surveysbecome due at five yeady intervals,the first five years from the date of build or date of special urvey for classi-

fication and thereafter five years from the date of tbeprevious special swvey.Special surveys may be carried ou.t over an extended peri d commencingnot before the fourth anniversary after building or previous special survey,but must be completed by the fifth anniversary,

The hull requirements at a special survey, the details of the compartmentsto be opened up, and the material 'to be inspected at any special survey arelisted in detail in the Rules and regulations (Part 1, Chapter 3).,Special sur-vey hull requirements are divided into four ship age groups , 3 .S ,follows:

1. Special survey of ships ~ five years old2. Special survey of ships - ten years old3. Special survey of ships - fifteen years old4,.. Special. survey of ships. - twenty years old and at every special survey

thereafter

In each case the amount Q 1 finspecnon required increases ' d man, mate-rial is removed so that the condition of the bare steelmay be assessed. Itshould be noted 'that where the surveyor is allowed to ascertain by drilling01 other app:roved means the thickness of material, non ..destructive meth-ods such as Ultrasonics, are available in contempcrarypraetlce for this pur-pose ..Additional special surveyrequtrements are prescribe. for oil tankersdry bulk, carriers" chemical carriers and liquefied gas carriers.'When classification is required for a 'ship not built under the supervision

of the Society's surveyors, details of the main scantlings an arrangementsof the actual. ship are submitted to the Society fur appn:wal. Also supplied areparticulars of manufacture and testmg of the materials of constructiontogether with full details of the ,cquip.m,ent.WhcJ'le details are ot available" theSociety's surveyors are allowed to lift the relevant informatio _from the ship,

At the special survey for classification all the hull requirements for specialsurveys (1), (2)l! and 1 ( 3 )are to be carried out, Ships over' 20 years, old arealso to comply with the hull requirements of special survey (4)" and oll

8/7/2019 SPT - Ship Survey

6/10

Classification Societies

tankers must comply with the additional requirements, stipulated in the Rules,and Regulations. During this survey the surveyor assesses the standard ofthe workmanship, and 'verifies the scantlings and arrangements submitted :for

approval, It should be noted that the special survey for classification willreceive special consideration from Lloyds Register in the case of a vesseltransferred from another recognised Classificatio Society. Periodical SW: V 1 e y swhere the vessel is classed are subsequently held as in the case of ships builtunder survey, being dated from the date of special survey for classification.

Lloyds Register offers a Hull Planned Mainten __e Scheme (HPMS) thatmay significantly reduce the scope of the periodical surveys of the hull. Theclassificadon society works closely with the shipowner to set up an inspectionprogramme that integrates classification. requirements with the shipownersown planned maintenance programme. Ship staff trained and accredited byUoyds Register are authorised to inspect selected structural items according: toan approved schedule. Compliance is verified by Uoyds Register surveyorsat an annual audit,

Damage RepairsWhen a vessel requires repairs to damaged equipment or to the hull it is,necessary for the' work to be carried out ' 0 0 1the satisfaction of Uoyds Registersurveyors, In order that the ship maintain its class, approval of the repairsundertaken must he obtained from the 'Surveyors either at the time of therepair or at the earliest opportunity.

Further ReadingUoyds Register, "Rules and Regulations for the Classification of Ships'

Part 1 Regulations, Chapters 2 and 1.

Some Useful Web Sites

www.iacs.Oli"uk lACS website - see in particular 'Classification Societies -lTJL..... t ~; n-,.J' ~ow?'II"r-.f'iliu" !J"P' 'fiJ ,.. , '~ n~. ii

'WWW.ll.QII Uoyds Register websit-e

www.eaw,e.ou:, American Bureau of Shipping websiteJ/'Y

8/7/2019 SPT - Ship Survey

7/10

S U R V EY S A F T E R C O N S T RU C T I O N

2 4 . 1 C o n d i t i o n s f o r S u r v e y s a f t e r C o n s t r u c t i o n

24.1.1 Damage to hull, machinery or equipment I which affects Of !l!aya ffec t C l a s s i f i c a t i o n , i s to be submi t t ed by t he Owners o r th e i rrepresentatives for examination by t he Surveyor at first opportunity.A l l r e p a i r s , found necessa ry by t h e S u r v e y o r , are to b e c a r r i e d o u t t ohis satisfaction. Nothing con t a i n ed in this s e c t i on or in a r u l e orregulation of any government or other administrati.on, or t h e issuance ofany report or certificate pursuant to this section or such a r u l e orr e g u l a t i o n , is to be deemed to enlarge uncn the representations

expressed in subsections 1.1 through 1.9 hereof a n d the issuance and u s eor any such reports or certificates are to in all respects be governedb y subsections 1 . 1 through 1 . 9 hereof.

24 .1 .2 No t i f i c a t i o n a nd Ava i l ab i l i t y o f Su rveyThe Surveyor s are to have. access to classed vessels at all reasonab Ietimes. The. Owners or their representatives are to notify the Surveyorson a l l occasions when a vessel c a n h e e x a m i n e d whi1e out o f w a t e r i:l.d r y d o c k or on a s l i p w a y .

The Surveyors are to unde r t ake all surveys en cLassed vessal s uponrequest I with a d e q u a t e notification, of the Owners or theirr ep resen ta t ives and are to report t he reon to t he C ommi tt ee . Should t heSurveyors find occasion during an)' - SU1 : - v e : y"to r.accmaend repai.rs Drfurther examination, notification is to he given i.mmedi-ately to theOwners or their representatives in order that appropriate action may hetaken. The Surveyors are to avail themselves of every convenientopportuni ty for carrying out periodical surveys in conj unction withsurveys o f d a m a g e s and r e p a i r s i n order t o avoid duplication o f w o r k .

24.1.3 Drydocking Surveya Interval: A Drydcckmg Survey i s to be carried out two times in

any 5 year period, with an interval not exceeding 3 years betweendrydocJdng surveys.For v e s s e l s operating in s a l t w a t e r f o r less than six months eachyear I the maximumLnterva l is not to exceed th ree yea r s . Fo rvessels operating solely in fresh water I t h e maximlllll i n t e rva l i sn o ~ t o exceed f i v e years.Consideration may be given to special circumstances which mayj us ti fy a n extension o f the interval. An u n d e r w a t e r inspsct i n bya d i v e r m a y b e r e q u i r e d f o r s u c h e x t e n s i o n s .

b Underwater Inspection 'in Lieu of Drydocking Survey An approved

u n d e r w a t e r inspec cion by d i v e r e q u i v a l e n t t o a Drydocking, S u r v e yw i l l b e considered a t a l t e r n a t e Drydoeking Surve) dates.

6 1 9

8/7/2019 SPT - Ship Survey

8/10

24.1.4 Annual C1,as:sificacion SurveysAnnual Class Surveys of Hull and Machinery are to 'be made wi thin threemonths either way of each annual anniversary 'date of the crediting ofthe previous Special Periodical Survey o:f Hull or Machinery or originalcans~ruction d a t e .

Special Annual Survey - l\Jhen "Annual Survey" is part of a vessel'sHull Classification notation, all the requirements of Hull SpecialPeriodical Survey. except for tank testing, are required each year forthe first three ye.a r s of each fouryear cycle, At ehe fourth ye,ar, acomplete Special Periodical Survey, iI:J,cluding tank te t i n g , i s required.

24.1,,5 Intermediate SurveyIntermediate Surveys are to be, carried out within six months eitber wayof the midpoint between da.t e of build and Special Periodical Survey-HullNo. 1., and midway between each subsequent Special Periodical Survey ofHull.

24.1. ,6 Special Periodical Surveysa Special Periodical Surveys of Hull and Machinery are to be

completed wi thin three m.onths either wa.y of a date four yearsafter the date of build or after the crediting date of theprevious Special Pe r Lodf.ca l Survey, except as noted below ..Alternatively. a year of grace for completion of the SpecialPeriodical Survey may be gra,nted upon sa tis factory completion ofthe Year of Grace Survey as noted in 24.1.8. The interval betweenSpecial Periodical Surveys may be r educed by the Commit'tee. If aSpecial Periodical SUI'V,ey is not: completed at; one time', it ....,ill becredited as of the c.ompLet.Lon date of the survey but no later chanfive- ye ar s.. from data... o.f build- or un the date recorded for the

previous Special Periodical Survey. Special consideration may beg Lven to Special Pe r Lod i e a L Survey requirements in the case ofvessels of u n u s u a l d e s i g n , in lay-up o r in unusual circwnstances.Where the Special Periodical Survey is comm.enced more than threemonths prior ,to the due da t e , the entire survey is normally to becompleted wi'thin 15 months if such work is to be c r'e d i.t.ed to theSpecial Periodical Survey.

b Main and auxiliary machinery of all types are to undergo Speci.alPeriodical Survey at intervals similar to those for SpecialSurveys on the hull J in order that both may be recorded atapproximately the same time. In cases where damage has i.nvolvedexcens i.ve repairs and examination, the survey thereon, whereapproved by the Committee, may be accepted as equivalent to aSpec.La I Periodical Survey.

24.1.7 Continuous Surveys

a At the request of the Owner. and upon appr cva I of the proposedI arrangements, a system of Continuous Surveys may be undertakenwhereby the Special Periodical Survey requiremen-s are carried outin regular rota,tlonta complete all the requirements of theparticular Special Periodical Survey within a five-year period ..If the Continuous Survey is completed beyond the five-year pe'tiod,the ccerp Le.t i cn date will be recorded to' agree \1:'1h 'the originaldue date of the cycle. Each part (item) surveyed bec omes due

7 1 9

8/7/2019 SPT - Ship Survey

9/10

a g a i n t"or survey approximately five years from the date of itssurvey. For Continuous Surveys I a sui table notation will beentered Ln the Reeerd and the date of completion of the cyclepublished. If any defects are found during the survey, they areto be dealt wi.th to the satisfaction afthe Surveyor.

b In addition to the foregcd.ng , at a survey approximately 2-1/2y e a r s a f t e r e n t e r i n g s e r v i c e and after each subsequent Continuous

Hull Survey has been credited; vessels will r equ i r e equivalent ofan Intermediate Survey as indicated in Section 24.1. 5.

c At a survey approximately four years after each Sp e c i a l ContinuousSurvey o f Hull has b e e n credited, thickness gaugings a s requiredfor t h e forthcoming Spec: La.I Periodical Survey that. area c c e s s i b l e , are to be t a k e n .

24.1.8 Yeat of Gracea To be e l i g i b l e for the year of grace to compleee the Special

Periodical Survey within one year after the due date! the ves se.Iis to be pr,esented for survey w:ithin three months either way ofthe Special Periodical Survey due da.t e , The requirements forsurveys .t.o qualify for: a period of grace will normally includethose thickness gaug~ngs required for the forthcoming SpecialPeriodical Survey, that are accessible j and may also requiredrydocking.

b If the survey is s a.t i s f ae tory, the comp1etion of the SpecialPeriodical Survey may be deferred f o r a p e r i o d not exceedingtwelve months, provided the whole Special Periodical Survey issatisfactorily completed within five years from date of build orfrom the date recorded for the previous Special Periodical Survey.

'24. L 9 Tailshaft Surveysa Water Lubricated Bearings: Unprotected carbon steel tailshafts

are tc he surveyed at least once every three years for single-screw vesse.ls and four years for --vessels fi ttej with multiplescrews,In t h e case of vessels with tailshafts protected by a continuousmetallic liner or ccnt Inuous cladding or fiberglassr,einforcedplastic coating be tveen l i n e r s installed according to approvedprocedure which e f fec t Lve Ly prevents seawater from cont act Lng thest,eel shaft or which have shafts of cQrrosion-resis tant materials;the survey may be extended to five years. provided that inaddi t:.ion to the propeller hub details given in Sect.ion 19 I thedes ign includes other features that would further reduce strreasc o n c e n t r a t i o n s i n t h e . p r o p e l l e r assembly.

b O il -l ub ri ca te d b ea ri ng s: Tailshafts with effectively sealed o i l -lubricated bearings may be surveyed on five -yaar intervalsprovided that the propeller and. tailshaft assembly, in addit.ion tocomplying with r ~ qu i r emen t s in Section 19 , includes specialfeatures f o r r e d t r c i - n g - s t r e s s concentrations. An extension of oney e a r may b e considered, when requested by. the Owner, on the b a s i s

of a sa t Lsf ac tory service record and an exce ma'l examination ofthe inboard and outboard seal assemblies together with a. bear Ing. . . . .. " ' . . .. . . . . . . . .. .1 ::,;,~l' --: t.i~ ~. j - : t : . . ~ : , :. ' . . . ,J..:.five-yea.r interval.

8/7/2019 SPT - Ship Survey

10/10

Consideration will be given to .any special circumstances .... hichmight modify the requirements Q 1f a) and ~) in particular CAse s ..

24.1.10 Boiler Surveys -Was t e~h e a t or fired a ux i l i a . r y boilers intended for working pressuresabove 3.4 bar (3.5 kfg/cm2, 50 psi), are to be surveyed at intervals notexceeding 2-1/2 years; however .... here requested by the Owner and at thediscretion o f t h e Su r ve y o r after an external examination of the boilersand. review of operating and feedwat.er reco,;rds, an extens ion of t.heauxiliary or waste-heat boiler surveys. of up to six months may beg r a n t e d .

24 .1 . 11 Lay -u p a n d Rea c t i v a t i o na The Bureau is to be notified by the Owner that a vessel has been

laid-up. This status will be noted in the Record, and s\,lrveysfalling due during, lay-up may then be held in abeyance until thevessel reactivates. Lay -tip procedur e s and arrangements formaintenance of conditions during lay-up may be suomi t t ed to theBureau fo r review and verification by survey.

b In the case of vessels which have been laid up for an extendedperiod (i. e., s i x months or more) the r,equireme:nts for surveys onreactivation are to be specially considered in each ca.se , dueregard being given to the status of surveys at the time of thecommencement of the lay- up period, the length of the per i.cd andthe conditions under which the vessel has been maintained duringthat period.

e 'Where the Lay-up preparations and procedures have been submittedt.e. the lhlreau fn!' re..vi_e.w and ve,x;iied by Annual Lav-utl Surveys.. .. . -cons i.der at i.cn may be. gi:ll,e.n_ t..o.. daducni.ng part or all of the time inl ay -up from the progression of su rvey in tervals .

d F o r v e s s e l s r e t u r n i n g t o a c c i v e service, r e g a r d l e s s of whether t:heBureau has been informed pI',eviously that the vessel has be en inlay-up, a Reactivation Su . rvey is required.

2 4 . 1 . 1 2 I ncomp lete Surveys'When a t survey is not completed, the Surveyor is t.o report immedia. telyupon the work done in order that Owners and the Committee may be advisedof the par t s s ti.ll to be surveyed.

24.1.13 AlterationsNo alterations which .sffect or may affect classification or .theassignment of load lines are to be made to the hull or machinery of aclassed vessel, unless plans of the proposed alterations are submittedand approved by an ABS Technical Office before the work of alterationsis commenced ; and such work, when approved. is carried. out to thesatisfaction of the Surveyor. Nothing contained in this section or in arule or regulations Q 1f any government or other administration, or theissuance of any report or certificate pursuant to this section or such arule or regulation, is to be deemed to enlarge upon the representationsexpr ess ed in subse e t ions 1.1 through 1.9 hereof and tihe Lssuance and use

of any such reports or certificates are to in all respects be governedby subsections l.l through 1. 9 hereof.

9 1 9