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ABSRow-level function
that returns anabsolute value.
ALTER COLUMNCommand used to
change a column'ssize or type in atable.
ALTER TABLECommand used tomodify a table'sdefinition.
ANDLogical operatorthat, when used ina WHEREclause,
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means that bothcriteria have to be
met for a row to beincluded in theresult set.
ASC
Function used inORDER BY to put aSQL result set inascending order.
AVGAggregate functionused to average agroup of rowvalues.
BETWEENAn operator used to
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determine whethera value occurs
within a givenrange of values(inclusive); usedwith a WHEREclause.
BIGINTInteger data typethat can storenumbers from -263to 263 - 1.
BINARYData type used tostore strings of bits.
BITData type that
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consumes only asingle bit of
storage.
CASTConversion functionused to change a
data type of acolumn within aquery.
CEILINGRow-level functionthat returns thenext larger integer.
CHAR(size)Character data typeused when thecolumn length is
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known andunvarying.
CHARACTERData type used tostore anycombination of
letters, numbers,and symbols.
CHARINDEXString function thatreturns the startingposition of aspecified pattern.
CHECKIntegrity constraintused to createbounds for a
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column value.
CONSTRAINTSRestrictions thatcan be placed onvalues whencreating database
objects such astables and views.
CONVERTConversion functionused to explicitlyconvert to a givendata type within ina query.
COUNT(*)Function used tocount the total
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number of rows in aresult set.
COUNT(attribute)Group function thatcounts the numberof rows where
attribute is notNULL.
CREATE INDEXCommand used tocreate an index.
CREATE DATABASECommand used tocreate a database.
CREATE SYNONYMCommand used to
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create a synonym.
CREATE TABLECommand used tocreate a table.
CREATE VIEW
Command used tocreate a view.
CROSS JOINA query option usedto generate aCartesian product.
DATEOracle equivalent ofDATETIME .
DATEADD
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Date function thatadds to a specified
part of a date.
DATEDIFFDate function thatreturns the
difference betweentwo dates.
DATEFORMATDate function thatcontrols how SQLServer interpretsdate constants thatare entered fordates.
DATEPARTDate function that
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returns thespecified part of the
date requested.
DATETIMEData type that canbe used for dates.
DAYDate function thatextracts a day froma date.
DECData type; synonymfor DECIMAL datatype.
DECIMALNumeric data type
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whose storage typevaries based on a
specified precision.
DECLARECommand used tocreate variables on
the fly within ascript.
DELETE FROMCommand thatdeletes rows in atable that maysatisfy a givencondition.
DESCFunction used inORDER BY to put a
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SQL result set intodescending order.
DISTINCTResult set functionthat omits rows thatcontain duplicate
data.
DROP COLUMNCommand used todelete a column ina table.
DROP CONSTRAINTCommand used todelete a namedconstraint.
DROP INDEX
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Command used todelete an index.
DROP SYNONYMCommand used todelete a synonym.
DROP TABLECommand used todelete a table.
DROP VIEWCommand used todelete a view.
EXISTSA keyword in a SQLstatement thatreturns true in aWHERE clause if
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the subqueryfollowing it returns
at least one row.
FLOATDecimal data typethat has a precision
of 15 digits.
FLOORRow-level functionwhich returns thenext lower integervalue when anumber containsdecimal places.
GEtdATEDate function thatreturns the current
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system date andtime.
GROUP BYProduces onesummary row forthe aggregate value
of all values for agiven column.
GUIDGlobal uniqueidentifier;UNIQUEIDENTIFIERdata typeguaranteesworldwideuniqueness, evenamongunconnected
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computers.
HAVINGPart of a SQLstatement that isused to determinewhich groups of a
GROUP BY will beincluded in theresult set.
IMAGELarge object binarydata type; used tostore pictures.
INLogical operator fora WHERE clausethat tests for
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inclusion in anamed set.
INTInteger data typethat can storenumbers from -231
to 231 - 1.
INDEX BYCommand used tocreate an index ona table by a certaincolumn value.
INNER JOINCommand used tocombine two tablesin an equi-joinoperation.
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INSERT INTO..
SELECTA way to insertmany rows into anew table at onetime.
INSERTINTO..VALUES
A way to insertvalues into a tableone row at a time.
INSERTCommand thatallows for theaddition of newrows to a table.
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INTEGERNumeric data type
that has no digitsafter the decimalpoint.
INTERSECT
Set operation thatcombines twoqueries such that itreturns all rows thatare the same inboth result sets.
IS NOT NULLFunction that testsfor the NOT NULLcondition.
ISNULL
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Function thatreturns a true value
if a data itemcontains a null.
JOINCommand used to
join two tables;synonymous withINNER JOIN.
LEFTString function thatreturns the leftportion of a stringup to a givennumber ofcharacters.
LEFT JOIN
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Same as LEFTOUTER JOIN .
LEFT OUTER JOINA join where all therows from the first(left) table are kept
in the result set,regardless ofwhether they havematching rows inthe second (right)table.
LENString function thatreturns the lengthof a string.
LIKE
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A WHERE clauseoption that matches
a particular pattern.
LONGOracle equivalent ofTEXT data type.
LOWERString function usedto convert a stringto lowercase.
LTRIMString function thatremoves blanks orother namedcharacter from thebeginning of astring.
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MAX
Aggregate functionthat returns thehighest of all valuesfrom a column in aset of rows.
MINAggregate functionthat returns thelowest of all valuesfrom a column in aset of rows.
MINUSSet operation thatreturns only thoserows from theresult of the first
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query that are notin the result of the
second query; notavailable in SQLServer.
MONEY
Data type used withcurrency data.
MONTHDate function thatextracts the monthfrom a date.
NATIONALCHARACTER
A data type;synonym forNCHAR data type.
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NCHAR
Fixed-lengthUnicode characterdata type.
NOT
Operator thatreverses the effectof any logicaloperator such asIN, LIKE, andEXISTS.
NOT BETWEENOperator thatallows you todetermine whethera value does notoccur within a given
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range of values.
NOT EXISTSOperator thatreturns true in aWHERE clause ifthe subquery
following it returnsno rows.
NOT NULLOperator thatreturns true if anattribute has a non-null value.
NOT NULLConstraintIntegrity constraintthat denies the
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creation of a rowwhen an attribute
has a null value.
NULLValue that isunknown.
NULLIFFunction thatreturns a NULL if acertain condition ismet in anexpression.
NUMERICSynonym forDECIMAL data type.
NVARCHAR
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Variable-lengthUnicode character
data type.
ORBinary logicaloperator that
returns a true valueif either one of theexpressions is true.
ORDER BYClause that sortsthe results of aquery before theyare displayed.
OUTER JOINJoin where rowsfrom a table are
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kept in the resultset although there
is no matching rowin the other tableused in the join.
PERCENT
Function that isused to return acertain percentageof records that fallat the top of arange specified.
PRIMARY KEYConstraint used tocreate a primarykey in a table; usedin CREATE TABLEand ALTER TABLE
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commands.
REALDecimal data typethat has a precisionof seven digits.
REFERENCESConstraint part thatdefines the tablename and key usedto referenceanother table.
RIGHTString function thatreturns the rightportion of a string.
RIGHT JOIN
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Same as RIGHTOUTER JOIN .
RIGHT OUTER JOINJoin where all therows from thesecond (right)
relation are keptwhether matched ornot in a joinoperation.
ROUNDFunction used toround numbers to aspecified number ofdecimal places.
ROWCOUNT(n)Function that
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returns the first nrows.
RTRIMString function thatremoves blanksfrom the right end
of a string.
SELECTCommand thatallows you toretrieve rows fromtables (or views) ina database.
SETCommand used toassign values tovariables.
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SET DATEFORMAT
Date function usedto change theformat in whichSQL Server reads indates.
SMALLDATETIMEData type used tostore dates.
SMALLINTInteger data typethat can storenumbers between -215 to 215 - 1.
SMALLMONEYData type that can
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be used withcurrency data.
SQUARERow-level functionthat returns thesquare of a
number.
SQL_VARIANTData type used tostore values of anydata type exceptTEXT or IMAGE.
SQRTRow-level functionthat returns thesquare root ofpositive numeric
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values.
STRConversion functionthat alwaysconverts from anumber to a
character data type.
SUBSTRINGString function thatreturns part of astring.
SUMGroup function thatadds up all thevalues for a columnvalue in a set ofrows.
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TABLE
A two-dimensional(row by column)arrangement ofdata.
TEXTCharacter largeobject data type.
TINYINTInteger data typethat can storenumbers between 0and 255.
TOPFunction thatreturns a specified
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number of recordsfrom the top of a
result set.
UNIONSet operation thatcombines two
queries such that itreturns all distinctrows for the resultsets of bothqueries. The twoqueries must haveunion-compatibleresult sets.
UNION ALLSet operation thatcombines twoqueries and returns
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all rows from boththe SELECT
statements(queries). A UNION
ALL also includesduplicate rows. Thetwo queries must
have union-compatible resultsets.
UNIQUEIntegrity constraintthat disallowsduplicate entries foran attribute eventhough the columnis not a primarykey.
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UNIQUEIDENTIFIERData type that
guaranteesuniqueness of theidentifier, evenamongunconnected
computers.
UPDATECommand thatchanges values inspecified columns inspecified tables .
UPPERString function usedto display all outputin uppercase.
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USECommand used to
open a database.
UUIDUniversal uniqueidentifier; the
UNIQUEIDENTIFIERdata type thatguaranteesuniqueness, evenamongunconnectedcomputers.
VARBINARYData type used tostore variable-length binary data.
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VARCHAR
Character data typeused when the fieldlength is varying.
VARCHAR2
Oracle equivalent ofVARCHAR.
WHERERow filter part of aSQL statement thatallows you tospecify criteria oncolumn values forrows that are beingselected from atable.
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WITH TIESClause used with
the TOP function toretrieve rows thatare ties.
XML
A new SQL Serverdata type used tomodel complexdata.
YEARDate function thatextracts the yearfrom a date.
21-03-09, 09:08 #2 (permalink)
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PM
teja83Senior Member
Join Date: Dec
2008
Posts: 221
Miscellaneous
SQL Server
Objects
y Synonyms
A synonym isan alternative
name for a
schema-scoped
object. It is asingle-partname to
reference a
base object. A
synonym issimilar to an
alias, but it
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replaces a
two-part,
three-part, orfour-part
name.
y Databasediagrams
A databasediagram is a
graphical
design of atable or set of
tables that
can be usedto illustrate
the tables and
relationshipswithin a
database.
y Statistics
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Stored within
a table,
statistics areautomatically
created andoptionally
supplemented
histograms.y AssembliesAn assembly
references amanaged
application
module (DLLfile) that was
created in the
.NETFramework
common
language
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runtime
(CLR).y ProxiesIn the msdb
context, aproxy defines
security
context andprovides the
SQL Server
Agent accessto credentials
for a Windows
user.
Read more:
http://www.placementpapers.us/sql_ser
ver/905-
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important_commands_functions_sql_ser
ver_2005_a.html#ixzz1IGVh3Rn0
Under Creative Commons License:
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