SQL201W MySQL SQL Manual

Accelerated Computer Training for Working Professionals Bookstore Case

Orange Coast Database Associates Course (800)355-9855 or http://www.d2associates.com

Orange CoastDatabase Associates

Specializing in Microsoft Office,

Access, SQL, and related technologiesClasses custom designed forWorking Professionals

http://www.d2associates.com

San Juan Capistrano, CA

(800)355-9855

SQL201W Accelerated Introductionto SQL Using MySQL

1

Bookstore SQL201W 1

An accelerated introduction to SQL for non-programmers

P.O. Box 6142Laguna Niguel, CA 92607949-489-1472http://www.d2associates.com

Welcome to SQL201W –

Accelerated Introduction toSQL Using MySQL

Bookstore SQL201W 2

Accelerated Introduction toSQL

• Introduction (s)

• Facilities

• Course Packet (contents may vary)– Student questionnaire

– Collaterals (Maps, Catalogs, Etc.)

– PowerPoint handouts for all sessions

– Evaluation form

– Training certificate

2

Bookstore SQL201W 3

SQL Curriculum

SQL200*

SQL200S*

SQL212Oracle

SQL202Transact-SQL

SQL201WMySQL

* = included inabove courses

Bookstore SQL201W 4

Accelerated Introduction to SQL

• Assumes no prior knowledge of SQL

• Quick pace for experienced computer users

• End-user, not programmer, oriented

• Focus is on SQL, not Management Studio

• SQL200s is first two modules of SQL200,otherwise identical.

3

Bookstore SQL201W 5


• Select– Basic– Filters– Special Operators– Multi-table retrieval

• Joins• Subqueries• Unions

– Calculations andAggregates

SQL Covered (Day 1: All Day):

Bookstore SQL201W 6


• Data Updates– Insert– Update– Delete

• Data structures– Create– Drop– Alter

SQL Covered (Day 2: AM Only):

4

Bookstore SQL201W 7


• 3 Sessions

• Lecture

• Demo

• Student “hands-on”

• Many exercises are cumulative –later examples build on queriescreated earlier

Course Format:

Bookstore SQL201W 8


• Session 1 – Basic SQL

• Session 2 – Multi-tableRetrieval

• Session 3 – Modifying Data

Course Schedule (“1/2” day sessions):

1

Bookstore SQL201W Module 1 1

SQL201W

SQL ProgrammingBased on SQL Clearly Explained by Jan Harrington

Module 1 – Relational Database Background,Basic Single Table Retrieval Operations

Note on SQL200 Slides

• These slides were originally designed to support thesingle SQL200 course which was used for any ofMS Access, MySQL, Oracle and SQL Server.

• As such you may see here slides developed in anyone of the above products.

• We are in the process of migrating the variousvendor slides out into their own slide sets. TheSQL200 slides will cover MySQL and SQL Serverwhich are virtually identical for purposes of thiscourse.


2


Warning!

• Below are some table name changes to beaware of in doing queries. We have createdsynonyms so either name should work.

New Name Old Name

Orders Order_filled

Order_Lines Orderlines


SQL200 Contact Information

P.O. Box 6142Laguna Niguel, CA 92607949-489-1472http://[email protected]

Copyright 2001-2011. All rights reserved.

3

SQL200 Resources

• Bookstore database scripts found onbox.net at

http://tinyurl.com/SQLScripts

• Slides can be viewed on SlideShare…

http://www.slideshare.net/OCDatabases

• Follow up questions?

[email protected]



SQL Programming

• Course focus is SQL language

• Widely used for:– Database administration

– Enterprise application development

– Data driven web sites

• A foundation skill for eBusiness andalmost all major business applications thatuse relational databases

4


SQL Programming

• A basic knowledge of query systems,perhaps via MS Access, or someprogramming knowledge, is desirable

• We will use GUI tools or SQL Plus almostexclusively


Relational Database Evolution

• Based on Codd’s paper

• Early commercial efforts focused on Unix

• First mainframe implementation by IBM -precursor to today’s DB2

• First PC implementation in early 80’s byOracle

5


Relational Database Basics

• Storage

• Databases

• Tables

• Rows

• Columns

• Indexes

• Views

• Cursors

• Application interfaces


Relational Database Table

6


Constraints

• Database

– Domain

– Uniqueness

– RelationshipCardinality

• 1 to 1

• 1 to N

• Other Business Rule

– Triggers

– Stored Procedures


Relational Database with constraints

7


Database Management Systems

Positioning Chart

VLDB

Enterprise

Workgroup

Single user

Spreadsheet

# Users

Cost


System Architecture

AccessMDB

File ServerArchitecture

Access

8


System Architecture

MySQLDB

VisualBasic App

Client/ServerArchitecture

Access

SQL


System Architecture

MySQLDB

Browser

WebArchitecture

WebServer

SQL

9


Approaching SQL

• Relatively simple

• Two main environments

– Interactive (This course)

– Embedded

• Static (Compiled)

• Dynamic


SQL Standardization

ANSI standardization– First standard in 1986

– SQL 89

– SQL 92

– SQL 99

• Various vendor extensions– Microsoft/Sybase: T-SQL

– Oracle: PL/SQL

10


SQL Conformance

• Entry

• Intermediate

• Advanced

• Most are at least entry level


SQL Statements

• Data Manipulation Language (DML)

• Data Control Language (DCL)

• Data Definition Language (DDL)

• Note: SQL 99 changes these to seven types

11


SQL DDL

• Data definition language (DDL)

– Create, alter, drop, etc.

– Frequently implemented via various CASEtools: Visio, Embarcadero, ERWin, etc.

– But very useful for database administration


SQL DCL

• Data Control Language (DDL)

– Grant

– Revoke

– Deny

– Constraints

12


SQL DML

• Data Manipulation Language (DML)

– Select

– Insert

– Update

– Delete


SQL Statement Processing

Parse

Validate

Optimize

Access Plan

Execute

13


Bookstore Sample Database

• Before we continue (note: instructor may havealready done this)…

• Load the sample database if you haven’t already– Start the MySQL Control center– Load and run the MySQL

“builddb_bookstore_mysql.sql” script


Text Conventions

• In Access character strings are normallysurrounded by double quotes

– “Jones”

• In an enterprise database such as Oracle orMySQL enclose text strings in singlequotes

– ‘Jones’

14


Date Conventions

• In an enterprise database such as Oracle orSQL Sever, enclose dates in single quotes

– ‘2004-12-23’ MySQL

– ’12-23-2004’ SQL Server

– ’23-DEC-04’ Oracle


Listing the Tables

15


Describing a Table

Select statement clauses

SELECT…

INTO…

FROM…

WHERE…

GROUP BY…

HAVING…

ORDER BY…


16


SELECT

Basic Syntax (Projection):

Select <column-list> or <*>

From <table-list>


SELECT

Basic Example (Projection):

selectcustomer_last_name,customer_street

from customers

17


MySQL Select Query


SELECT with Where Clause

Example (Restriction plus Projection):

Select <column-list> or *

From <table-list>

Where <selection-criteria>;

18


Comparison Operators

• < less than

• > greater than

• <= less than or equal to

• >= greater than or equal to

• = equal to

• <> or != two forms for not equal


SELECT with Where

Basic Example (Restriction plusProjection):

select customer_last_name,customer_street

from customers

where customer_last_name =‘Jones’

19


Select with Where


On Your Own

• Find books written by Mark Twain

• Show title, publisher, year

20


Complex Predicates

Follow normal boolean logic

Select customer_last_name,customer_street

From customers

Where (customer_last_name =‘Jones’ or customer_last_name =‘Smith’)and customer_state=‘NY’


Select with Complex Where

21


Complex Where Result


Special Operators

• Can be used in where clause

• LIKE

• IN

• BETWEEN

• IS NULL

22


Like (“Wild Card Matches”)

• ANSI wildcards

• Wherecustomer_last_namelike ‘Jo%’

like ‘Jo_’


IN

Select *From customersWhere customer_last_name in(‘Rizzo’, ‘Jones’, ‘Garcia’);

The list in parentheses can be replaced by asubquery. We will study this later.

23

Select Like



SQL Where Clause with IN

24


IS NULL

Select *From customersWhere customer_street ISNULL;

SQL uses three valued logic. Must use IS NULLto test for unknowns. A null is NOT the same asblank or empty.

IS NULL Results


25


On Your Own

• Find all customers with an address not equal to4592 Maple Lane

• Was Peter Johnson selected?

• Why or why not?


BETWEEN

List all orders placed in 1999.

select *from orderswhere order_date BETWEEN ‘1-Jan-99’ and ’31-Dec-99’;

Note: date formats vary from product to product.

26


Where with Between


Removing Duplicates

Select DISTINCTcustomer_cityFrom customers;

List once each city in which there arecustomers

Removes duplicate rows from result set

27


Removing Duplicates


Sorting – ORDER BY

DESC will sort in descending order

Basic syntax:

Select <column list> or *From <table list>Where <selection criteria>Order by <column list> [DESC]

28


Sorting – ORDER BY

select *from customersorder by customer_state,customer_city

List all records sorted by state, city


Sorting Results with Order By

29


SQL Exercises

• List all books whose publisher name beginswith “H” or “T”; sort by title [hint: use LIKE]

• List all customers whose last name ends with“S”; sort by state, city, last name

• Find the order numbers of orders with orderdates in 1999; sort by order #. [Hint: useBETWEEN]

• Find the order numbers and order dates of allorders with a “2” in character position 2 of thecredit card #; sort by order date descending

[end module]

Notes


30

Notes


Notes


1


SQL201W

SQL Programming

Workshop 2 – Joins, Calculations and Grouping

Based on SQL Clearly Explained by Jan Harrington



• These slides were originally designed to support thesingle SQL200 course which was used for any of MSAccess, MySQL, Oracle and SQL Server.

• As such you may see here slides developed in any one ofthe above products.

• We are in the process of migrating the various vendorslides out into their own slide sets. The SQL200 slideswill cover MySQL and SQL Server which are virtuallyidentical for purposes of this course.

2


Warning!


New Name Old Name

Orders Order_filled





Copyright 2001-20011 All rights reserved.

3

SQL200 Resources






[email protected]



SQL201W

SQL Programming

Part 1 – Joins

4


Relational Database with constraints (from text)


More conventions

• Alias names can be surrounded with “ “ asin “order details”. Better practice is to usean underscore as in order_details.

• MS Access uses [ ] instead. Some of thePowerPoint slides may have thisconvention. It works equally as well inSQL Server but not MySQL.

5


Joins

• Inner

• Outer– Left

– Right

– Full

• Cross

• Self

• Theta

• We will cover the most important; others as timeand interest permit


6


Inner Join

• Pairs each row from first table withcorresponding row from second table overthe “join column”

• The result set only contains rows wherethere is a match over the join column inboth tables

• Equi-join is the common inner join


Inner Join

Older Syntax:

Select <column-list>

From <tablelist>

Where <predicate>

Still very commonly used

7


Inner Join

Example using older syntax:

SELECT customer_first_name,customer_street, order_numb,order_date

from customers, orders

Where customers.customer_numb =orders.customer_numb


Inner Join with Result

8


Inner Join (New Syntax)

Basic SQL 92 Syntax:


From <table1>

Inner join <table2>

On <join condition>


Inner Join

Basic Example:


from customers

inner join orders

on customers.customer_numb =orders.customer_numb

9


Inner Join with Result


Inner Join over Multiple columns

• Note that that the join condition can applyto multiple columns if desired

• Used with composite keys

10


Inner Join Result in MS Access


Inner Join

• In the last example…

– What was the cardinality of the relationshipbetween customers and orders?

– Which table was the parent?

– What was it’s primary key?

– In which table did we employ a foreign keyand what was it?

11


Cross Join

• What happens when you omit a joinexpression?

• Get the cartesian product of the tables – allpossible combinations of the two tables

• For large tables this will run a long time!

Cross Join Result Set


12


Additional SQL92 Syntax

• Table1 natural join table3 – automaticallyuses columns with same name

• Table 1 natural join table2 using(<column-list>

• Not yet widely available in commercialimplementations


Joining More than Two Tables

• Can join several tables in one select

• Try to limit to three or four

• Join order can be important forperformance (although optimizers willusually handle this for you)

• Use parentheses to force order ofevaluation (also vendor extensions, oftencalled “hints”)

13


Joining More than Two Tables

• Add orderlines detail to previous queries

SELECT customer_first_name, customer_street,orders.order_numb, orders.order_date,orderlines.isbn, orderlines.quantity

FROM customers

INNER JOIN orders ON

customers.customer_numb=orders.customer_numb

INNER JOIN orderlines

on orders.order_numb = orderlines.order_numb


Multi-table Join with Results

14

On Your Own

• Add the book title to the previous queryresults

• Hint: add another join to books table

Bookstore 27SQL201W Module 2


Correlation Names (Table Aliases)

• Can abbreviate references to tables

• For example:

Select e.name, j.payrange

From employees as e

Inner join job_information as j

On e.jobcode = j.jobcode;

15


Self Joins

• Implements a recursive relationship

• Important in various applications

– Parts lists/assemblies

– HR

– Etc.

– Table joined to itself using correlation names


Self Joins

SELECT e.*, m.name

FROM employees AS e, employeesAS m

WHERE e.managerid =m.employeeid;

16



Outer Joins

• Left – selects all rows from the left or first table,even if no match exists in the other table

– Widely used in commercial practice

– Especially useful for reporting

– Can be slower and interfere with optimizer

• Right – same idea but all rows from right table

• Full – all rows form both tables

17


Left Outer Join

Basic SQL 92 Syntax:


From <table1>

Left join <table2>

On <join condition>


Left-Join

Basic Example:


from customers as c

left join orders as o

on c.customer_numb =o.customer_numb

18


Left Join with Results


On Your Own

• List all books and corresponding quantitiessold

• Show isbn, title, quantity

• How many books were there?

• Now do the same but include books withno sales

• Now how many?

19


SQL200

SQL Programming

Part 2– Subqueries, Unions (Not available inearlier versions of MySQL)


Subqueries

• One select statement embedded in another

• Can be nested multiple levels deep

• Can be used in select, from and whereclauses

• Two types:– Uncorrelated – executes inner query then outer

– Correlated – executes inner query once foreach outer query row

20


Uncorrelated Subquery

select isbn, quantity

from orderlines

where order_numb in

(select order_numb fromorders where order_datebetween ‘1/1/99’ and‘12/31/99’);


Uncorrelated Subquery with Results

21


Negative Subquery

• A type of subquery that matches “notfound” conditions


Negative Subquery

select isbn, quantity

from orderlines

where order_numb not in

(select order_numb fromorders where order_datebetween ‘1/1/99’ and‘12/31/99’);

22


Negative Subquery with Results


Correlated Subquery with Exists

• Inner subquery executed once for each outer row

• Exists will return true or false depending onwhether the result will have any rows or not

• Can be a quick way to test for existence ofrecords (parent records, say) as used inapplication enforcement of referential integrity

23


Correlated subquery with Exists

SELECT isbn, quantity

FROM orderlines AS ol

WHERE exists

(select * from orders o whereol.order_numb = o.order_numb

and o.order_date between ‘1/1/99’and ‘12/31/99’);

This type of query covered in intermediate SQL class


Unions

• Combines two or more tables

• Tables must be union compatible

24


Unions

Select <column-list> from<table1>

Union [ALL]

Select <same-columns> from<table2>


Unions

select *

from employees

union all

select *

from employees_copy

25


Results of Union query


SQL200

SQL Programming

Part 3 – Calculations, Aggregates

26


Calculated Fields

• Can add a column calculated from others

SELECT order_numb, quantity,cost_each,quantity*cost_each asextension

FROM orderlines


Calculated Fields

• Can rename the new column, too

SELECT order_numb, quantity,cost_each,quantity*cost_each asextension

FROM Orderlines

27


Calculated field w/ Given Name


Calculated field in the Result

28


On Your Own

• Calculate the total sales for the books inearlier query

• Show isbn, titles, quantity, cost_each andextension


String Manipulation

• Concatenation

• Trim

• Substring

• Upper, Lower

• Etc. (various vendor extensions)

29


Concatenation

• Used for concatenated keys

• Useful to format reports

Basic syntax:

(Access) Field1 & Field2(Oracle, std) Field1 || Field2(Sql Server) Field1 + Field2(MySQL) Concat(field1, field2)


Concatenation

selectconcat(customer_first_name,’ ‘,customer_last_name)as Name

from customers

30

Concatenation



Pretty up the concatenation

• Use trimfunctions, add aspace

• Sort by lastname – a neattrick forreporting!

31


Date Functions

• Numerous date functions

• Often vendor specific

• Often used:– year

– month

• Ex: where year(order_date) = 1999


Date Functions

• Remember your three table query with theorder dates?

• Restrict it to orders in December

32


Aggregate Functions

• Count

• Sum

• Min

• Max

• Avg

• Often used in conjunction with grouping


Aggregate Functions

Basic syntax:

Select <function>(<column>)From <table>Group by <column-list>Having <predicate>

Group by all columns to left of one(s)you want to aggregate

33


Aggregate Functions

SELECT order_numb, Count(*) AS[Number of Order Lines] ,Sum(quantity) AS [Total Quantity],Sum(quantity * cost_each) AS [TotalAmount]

FROM order_lines

GROUP BY order_numb

having count(*) > 1;


Aggregates with Group By

34


Having Clause

SELECT Order_lines.order_numb,Count(*) AS ‘Number of Order Lines ‘,Sum(Order_lines.quantity) ASTotal_Quantity,Sum(quantity*cost_each) AS extension

FROM Order_lines

GROUP BY Order_lines.order_numb

having count(*) > 1


Group By with Having

35


Having vs. Where

• Having and Where clauses are similar butnot the same

• Having removes groups after they areformed

• Where removes rows before groups areformed


On Your Own

• Find the aggregates without any grouping –see what you get

• Then restrict the ISBN

36


Summary Exercise

• List all customers and their orders

– Name nicely formatted

– With orders in the year of 1999 (do not usebetween, etc.)

– Show total order quantities and amounts

– Only include orders with more than threeorder lines


Exercise Result

[end module]

1


SQL/200

SQL Programming

Workshop 3 – Modifying Data, Managing theDatabase

Based on SQL Clearly Explained by Jan Harrington



• These slides were originally designed to support thesingle SQL200 course which was used for any ofMS Access, Oracle and SQL Server.

• As such you may see here slides developed in anyone of the above products.

• We are in the process of migrating the variousvendor slides out into their own slide sets. TheseSQL200 slides will focus on Microsoft SQL Serverand MySQL which are virtually identical forpurposes of this course.

2


Warning!


New Name Old Name

Orders Order_filled





Copyright 2001-2011. All rights reserved.

3

SQL200 Resources






[email protected]



SQL201W Module 3

• Part 1 – Modifying Data

• Part 2 – Managing Database Structures

• Part 3 – Creating Views and Indexes

• Part 4 -- Security

4


SQL/201W

SQL Programming

Part 1 – Modifying Data


Relational Database with constraints (from text)

5


Data Modification Statements

• Insert

• Update

• Delete


Data Modification Statements

• End-user rarely sees thesestatements

• Application developer preparesthese statements “behind thescenes” based on forms filled outby user

6


Insert

• Adds new rows to an existing table

• Two forms:

– Single Row

– Multi-Row


Single Row Insert

Basic Syntax:

Insert [into] <table-name>

Values (<value-list>)

7


Single Row Insert

Basic Example:insert into sources(source_numb,source_name, source_street)values(22,'Specialty Books','Canal Street')


Insert Statement

8


Sources table after Insert


Multi-row Insert

Basic Syntax:

Insert [into] <table-name>

Select <select-statement>

We will do this after creating a newtable later in this module

9


Update

• Updates fields in an existing row

Basic Syntax:

Update <table-name>

Set <field1> = new value, <field2> = newvalue,…

Where <selection-criteria>


Update

• Increase Ingram prices by 10%

Example:

Update books

Set retail_price = retail_price*1.10

Where source_numb = 1

10


Ingram Book Prices before Update


Ingram Book Prices after Update

11


After update in MS Access


Delete

• Deletes one or more rows

Basic Syntax:

Delete from <table-name>

Where <selection-criteria>

12


Delete

Example:

Delete from sources

Where source_numb = 22


Delete

13


Sources table after Delete


Delete and Referential Integrity

• Can affect referential integrity when deleting a“parent” row

• Can do following with child…– Cascade: delete the child row– Set null: set the child’s foreign key null– Set default: as above but to default value– No action: don’t allow delete of parent row

• Referential integrity can be established whencreating or modifying table structures which wewill look at later in the class

14


SQL/200

SQL Programming

Part 2– Managing Database Structures

DDL

• Create

• Alter

• Drop


15


Schemas

• Logical view of a database; sort of a “sub-database” – we will not cover these in thismodule or…

– Catalogs

– Clusters

– Domains (somewhat like a user defined datatype)

• These topics are highly dependent upon thevendor DBMS and installation practices


Tables

• Base tables

• Temporary tables

– Local (or module scope)

– Global (session scope)

16


Creating Tables

• Use create statement

• Specify:

– Columns with data types and columnconstraints

– Table constraints

• Foreign key references

• Primary key designation


Data Types

• Int – integers or whole numbers– Ex: how_many int

• Char – fixed length fields– Ex: state char(2)

• Varchar/Varchar2 – variable length fields– Ex: address varchar(35)

• Money – money field; same as MS Accesscurrency

• Date/Datetime – date and time

• And many others – see documentation or Help

17


Create Table

Basic syntax:

Create table <table-name>

<column1> <datatype> <constraints>

,.. <column1> <datatype> <constraints>

…

<table constraints>

Note: often preceded by a drop


Temporary Tables

Basic syntax (SQL standard):

Create [global] temporary table <table-name>

<rest of statement as for normal create>

Note: SQL Server uses a different syntax. Just puta #in front of the table name as in #mytable.

18


Column Constraints

• Primary key

• Not NULL

• CHECK clause

• Default

• Unique


Table Constraints

• Primary Key

• Foreign Key

• Compare fields against each other. I.e.ship_date >= order_date

19


But first – the Drop Statement

• Deletes a database “object”

– Drop table <table-name>

– Drop view <view-name>

– Drop index <index-name>

– Drop domain <domain-name>


Create Table

Example 1: Create a summary table

Create table summary(

isbn varchar(20) primary key,

How_many int check (how_many >= 0),

Constraint isbn_fk

Foreign key (isbn) referencesbooks(isbn)

)

20


Create Summary Table


Constraints on Summary Table

21


Multi-row Insert

Basic Syntax:

Insert [into] <table-name>[(<column list>)]

Select <select-statement>


Multi-row Insert

Basic Example: (store # times eachbook ordered)

Insert into summary

Select isbn, count(*)

From orderlines

Group by isbn;

22


Multi-row Insert


After multi-row insert in MS Access

23


SQL/200

SQL Programming

Part 3 – Creating Views and Indexes, ModifyingStructures


Views

• Think of a view as a named query whereinthe definition is stored in the database

• Can be read like a table

• Some are updateable

24


Views

Basic syntax:

Create view <view-name> (<column-list>)

As

<select statement>


Creating a View

25


Using Views

• Can be used like a table subject to variouslimitations

– Cannot insert into grouped queries, etc.

– Etc.

• Sample syntax:

select column-list

from employee_view


Using a View

26


Indexes

• Used to speed searches, joins, etc.

• Placed on:

– primary and foreign keys

– Secondary keys

• In commercial practice often managed byDBA’s for large databases


Indexes

Basic syntax:

Create [unique] index <index-name>

On <table-name> (field-name> [desc])

Note: can place index on a composite key; ex: state andcity

27


Indexes

Basic example:

create index state_inx

on customers(customer_state)


Customers table with index

28

Dropping an index

Basic Syntax:

– Drop index <table-name.index-name>;



Modifying a Table Design

• Applies to tables

• Use ALTER statement

– Add columns

– Delete columns

– Rename columns

– Add column constraints

– Add table constraints

29


Modifying a Table Design

Basic syntax:

Alter <table-name>

Add <field-name>,

Add <table-constraint>,

Modify <field-name>

Etc.


Modify a Table Design

Example: add a phone number field

alter table publishers

add phone char(12);

30


After alter publishers table


SQL/200

SQL Programming

Part 4 – Security

31


Security

• Important DBA function

– Beyond scope of this course

– Typically controlled through EnterpriseManager or Studio GUI’s

• In commercial practice application securityfrequently controlled via own login and a“users” table or similar


Security

• Specifics can vary by product

• Access: workgroup administrator

• SQL Server: users, roles

• Oracle: users, roles

32


SQL Security Statements

• Grant

• Revoke

• Deny


Grant

Syntax:

Grant <access-right> [with grant option]

On <object> to <user>

Note: by default only tables owners and admins can accessa table. Others must be granted the relevant rights.

33


Access Rights

• Select

• Update

• Insert

• Delete

• References

• All privileges


Grant

Example:

Grant update

On employees to ddurso

34


Revoke

• Revokes the rights

• Syntax similar to grant

[end module]

Notes


Accelerated Computer Training for Working Professionals

Orange Coast Database Associates Course (800)355-9855 or http://www.d2associates.com

Orange CoastDatabase Associates

Specializing in Microsoft Office,

Access, SQL, and related technologiesComputer Training, Programming & Consulting

32422 Alipaz St., Suite A-15

San Juan Capistrano, CA

(800)355-9855 (Toll Free) | (949)489-1472 (Direct) | (949)485-6284 (Fax)

http://www.d2associates.com | [email protected]

Accelerated Computer Training

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SQL201W MySQL SQL Manual

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