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• Lean production months are observed from April to June where prices are high.
• Since squash can be planted throughout the year, farmers specifi-cally in Lantapan, Bukid-non based their planting schedule on the current market price of the com-modity. They will decide to plant if the price is high then, majority of the farmers will do the same thus, there will be an influx of supply during harvest time.
Botanical Description
Squash is a viny, creeping and trailing crop producing fruits and considered to be one of the most delicious vegetables. It is an excellent source of beta-carotene which is vitamin A and high source of vitamin C, B, calcium and iron. According to medi-cal studies, squash flowers contain “lutein” that prevents cataract.
Squash thrives well in tropical climate and is abundant and grown in the Philippines all through-out the year. The increasing demand, makes farmers produce squash in Philippines for commercial sale. Suprema variety is the most preferred variety by farmers in Northern Min-danao.
Uses
• The young shoots, flowers and fruits are used as vegetables.
• Matured can be made into pies and other deli-cacies.
• Seeds of mature fruits can be boiled in slated water, dried like water-melon seeds, roasted and used as snack food.
Seasonality
• Seasonality of squash is based on the demand variability as shown in seasonal price index.
• Peaks of production are in the months where prices are low and these are in the months of Au-gust to September.
Technical Description
Status of the Industry
World Performance
• China is the lead pro-ducer of squash in the world at a volume of 6,506,966 mt in 2009 followed by India at 4,108,510 mt volume of production in the same
period.
• These ranks are consis-
tent from 2005-2009.
Top five squash producing countries, 2008-2009 (FAOStat).
• Scientific Name:
Cucurbita maxima
• Common Name:
Squash, Pumpkin
• Filipino: Kalabasa
INSIDE DETAILS
Philippine and Northern Mindanao Industry Perform-ance
2
Price Information 2
Geographical Flow of Squash
3
Cultural Practices 3
Production of Squash
4
Future Trends for Market Develop-ment and Invest-ment Opportunities
4
Trade Agreements 4
Market Channels of
Squash 3
Cost and Return 4
COMMODITY PROFILE
SQUASH
Country
1. China 1,081,975 1,106,996
2. India 713,850 720,382
3. Russian Fraion 167,245 196,968
4.United States 137,988 131,483
5. Egypt 114,296 122,737
Prod’n (Int $ 1000) 2008 2009
6,359,764 6,506,966
4,071,260 4,108,510
953,840 1,123,360
786,980 749,879
651,859 700,00
Prod’n (mt) 2008 2009
September 2011
Philippine and Northern Mindanao Industry Performance
• Philippines ranks 16th in the world production of squash, pumpkins and gourds in 2009 with a production value of $43,441 at a volume of 247,759 mt.
• Average volume of production of squash in 2001 to 2005 recorded at 211,301.31 mt increased by 16% in 2006-2010. Area harvested also increased by15% from the 2001-2005 average of 11,620.11 ha to 13,615.82 ha in 2006-2010.
• In 2010, Northern Mindanao ranks 5th among the regions in the Philippines in terms of area planted to squash at 1,023.62 ha and ranks 8th in terms of yield posted at 14,864.74 mt. Northern Mindanao’s production and area planted to squash shows an increasing trend in the last 11 years.
• Among the provinces in the region, Bukidnon posted the highest volume and area planted to squash followed by Misamis Oriental.
Page 2
Area (ha) Productivity
(mt/ha) Province 2001-2005 2006-2010 2001-2005 2006-2010 2006-2010
Bukidnon 235.2 480.4 2,889.3 8,342.8 17.4
Camiguin 5.6 6.22 23.7 40.3 6.5
Lanao del 138.4 166.8 807.36 1169.45 7.0
Misamis Occ. 54.8 112.4 398.3 1294.8 11.5
Misamis Ori. 101.4 178.6 940.9 1741.8 9.8
Production (mt)
Mean 107.1 188.9 1,012 2,517.8 10.4
• Generally, farm gate, wholesale and retail price of squash in Northern Mindanao is much lower than the national average.
• Northern Mindanao average farm gate price of squash in 2010 is P4.11/kg which is lower by P3.97/kg or 49% compared with the national average price of P8.08/kg.
• Wholesale price in the national level is seen to equal with the retail price in Northern Mindanao in 2003, 2006, and 2008. Wholesale price of Squash in the region posted at P5.35/kg is lower by 50% than the national average of P10.75/kg in 2010.
• Increasing price trend in squash in the na-tional level is observed from 2000 until 2009 but dropped in 2010. Retail price in Northern Mindanao is lower by 32% com-pared with the national average of P19.89/kg in 2010.
Source: BAS Source: BAS
Price Information
0
5
10
15
20
25
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
Farm gate (FP), Wholesale (WP) and Retail Price (RP) of Squash
Philippines-FP
Northern Mindanao-FP
Philippines-WP
Northern Mindanao-WP
Philippines-RP
Northern Mindanao-RP
Source: BAS
Source: BAS
0.00
2,000.00
4,000.00
6,000.00
8,000.00
10,000.00
12,000.00
14,000.00
16,000.00
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Squash: Northern Mindanao Volume (mt) of Production Trend
Squash: Philippine Volume (mt), Area (ha) and Produc-
tivity (mt/ha)
Squash Flower
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Squash: Northern Mindanao Area (ha) Trend
0.00
50,000.00
100,000.00
150,000.00
200,000.00
250,000.00
300,000.00
Volume (mt) Area (ha) Productivity (mt/ha)
211,301.32
11,620.11 17.53
252,485.51
13,615.8218.54
2001-2005 2006-2010
Page 3
Geographical Flow of Squash from Northern Mindanao • Bacolod, Bohol, Cebu, Ilo-ilo
and Manila are the geo-graphical destination points of squash from Northern Mindanao.
• By market share, Manila’s demand of squash comprises 53% of the total out-shipment from 2004-2008. It registered an average vol-ume of 3,016 mt.
• Cebu comprising 38% of the total out-shipment has a mean volume shipped of 2,196 mt from 2004 to 2008.
• In the same period, Bacolod has a mean volume of 357 mt or 6% of the total out-shipment.
• Ilo-ilo having an average volume of 190 mt takes 3% of the total volume shipped.
• Least volume of squash reached Bohol with an aver-age of only 6 mt or 0.10% from 2004-2008.
Source: DA-10 Regulatory and Quarantine Report
0
200
400
600
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Seasonal Volume Outflow of Squash from Northern Mindanao
• In the monthly average outflow of Squash in Northern Mindanao from 2004-2008, highest volume out-shipment is recorded in August with a volume of 394 mt while the lowest is in December with a volume 161 mt. The increase and decrease of the vol-ume outflow is associated with the seasonal demand of the commodity.
Source: DA-10 Regulatory and Quarantine Report
Market Channel of Squash
Bacolod
6%Bohol
0%
Cebu
38%
Ilo-ilo
3%
Manila
53%
Percent Distribution of Volume Outflow of Squash from
Northern Mindanao, 2004-2008
Future Trends for Market Development
& Investment Opportunities
Trade Agreements
• Squash processing plant for flour, juice, catsup, vinegar, noodle, chips, polvoron, and pastillas.
• Squash used for bakery products and other by-products are good vehicles for nutrient enhancement. Its Vitamin A content will help address vitamin A related malnu-trition affecting millions of Filipinos in the country.
• Market-production linkage in agribusiness development, eg., contract, joint venture etc.
• Market introduction for squash flour as ingredient in bread, cakes and other pas-tries.
• Bakery products made with squash flour for Vitamin A fortification.
• Chips made of squash will be a good sub-stitute to corn chip products.
• Squash noodles will be a better nutrient source.
The Philippines is a member of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade– World Trade Or-ganization (GATT-WTO). GATT-WTO has provi-sions that have significant impact on the country’s agricultural sector. These are: (1)ncreased market access through replacement quantitative restrictions (QRs) with tariffs over a 10-year period, and a mini-mum importance access volume; (2) reduction of domestic subsidies ; (3) reduction of export subsi-dies; and (4) harmonization of sanitary and phyto-
sanitary measures (SPS).
Prepared by: Market Research Unit Agribusiness and Marketing Assistance Division Department of Agriculture Regional Field Unit 10, Cagayan de Oro City
Page 4
Squash Production
One other reason why farmers love to plant squash is that it does not require much attention and does not require a big capital to produce. Unlike some high-value vegetables, it does not need any trellis or stake to climb on. The vines are simply al-lowed to crawl on the ground. No expensive green-house is necessary. And the seeds are cheaper than say hybrid tomato or eggplant.
Squash can be grown with minimum tillage but for best result, plowing and harrowing the field two to three times is recommended. One to two seed are planted per hill and applied with rice straw or plastic mulch are recommended to maintain soil moisture and minimize growth of weeds.
Squash can tolerate drought but regular irriga-tion, especially during dry season enhances crop per-formance. Weeds may be controlled by hand pulling or by shallow cultivation.
Cutworms and beetles can be controlled by spreading ash on the leaves while fruit fly can be controlled with the use of attractants. Disease is com-monly infecting squash are mosaic virus, downy and powdery mildew, and bacterial wilt.
For seed purposes, squash can be harvested 40 to 100 days after planting and for consumption pur-poses harvesting should be done when the rind be-
Farmer’s Practice Region 10
Philippine
Recommend Technology a
Income Cash Income
64,800 (@ 10,800kg/ha)
100,000 (@20 mt/ha)
Variable Cost
1. Labor Cost
Land Prep to Harvesting 8,890 27,550
2. Material Input
Seeds 3,600 4,500
Fertilizer
0-00-60 1,600 1,206
14-14-14 5,700 2,469
46-0-0 1,800 1,942
Chicken Dung 5,000 4,800
Pesticides 3,700 6,000
Other Materials (mulch) 0 6,400
3. Marketing Input
Sorting 880 na
Transportation cost 3,375 na
4. Fixed Cost
Rent 3,000 10,000
Depreciation 3,875 1,853
Interest 691 6,300
TOTAL COST 42,111 73,020
NET INCOME 22,689 26,980
ROC (Return on Cost) 0.54 0.37
Unit Cost to Produce 3.90 3.65
Amount (PhP)
Cost and Return
a Information Bulletin, Squash Production Guide, PCARRD-DOST
Khurzky ‘11