© 2016 Nokia1 <Public>

SReXperts Moscow

Mobile Core Strategy – EPC evolution

•Taurintas Jokubauskas

•06-12-2016

© 2016 Nokia2

EPC portfolio overview and market situation

<Public>

© 2016 Nokia3

Key Market DevelopmentBeyond consumer data evolution

Broadband Evolution

Internet of ThingsCloud Evolution

1 2 3Growing Business !!! Happening Now !!! Opportunity to grow !!!

Supporting growth of consumer market, but also as a platform to engage business & residential markets

Top 3 use cases for cloud deployments are Mobile VoIP, EPC and Market Application oriented packet cores

Tens of service verticals and Billions of devices to drive IoT connectivity and new Eco-system play for operators

5G Architecture

4 Innovate Future !!!

Core architectural transformation to support 5G Radio and emerging new use cases

© 2016 Nokia4

Telco Cloud 2.0 : Full-scale new

deployments, new segments, new applications/services

SW re-use also on ATCA platform and IT HW appliances

Mobile Packet Core: Support

installed base, hardware optimized bare-metal

Virtualized EPC: PoCs/trials, initial

commercial deployments

Mobile Packet Core SolutionSupport existing customers while evolving to Cloud EPC

IP Mobile Core

7750 SRMobile GW

9471 WMM

Evolved Packet Core

Flexi NG Flexi NS

Liquid Core

Flexi Cloud NG(limited)

Flexi Cloud NS

vEPC

VirtualizedMobile GW

Virtualized Mobility Mgr.

(limited)

Cloud Mobile GW Cloud MM

Cloud EPC

© 2016 Nokia5

Nokia Packet Core FootprintMarket Presence

240+Global Customer References

1,7 Bn+Global Subscriber base

140+EPC Customer References

#3 EPC Market Share

200+Mobile Gateway Customers

180+MME/SGSN Customers

© 2016 Nokia6 6

First deployments of virtualized EPC

First Deployments

o Multi-country cloud EPC renovation

o 2/3/4G consumer core

o vEPC for IoT core

o vEPC for Fixed LTE

o virtualized ePDG for VoWiFi

o vEPC for Private Mobile Radio core

© 2016 Nokia7

Mobile GW evolution

<Public>

© 2016 Nokia8

Mobile Packet Gateways - EvolutionBringing the best of two worlds together

Continued Support and Developmentfor installed base

VMG

SR-OS-MG Operating System for VNF & PNF 7750 SR MG based PNF

<Confidential>

Key Feature Porting /Upgrade

Path

Virtual Flexi-NG

Flexi-NG

7750 SR MG

Cloud MG

Stateless ControlCloud DB

Separation of Control and Data

Planes

© 2016 Nokia9

Nokia Mobile Gateway Multi-Functional GW for 2G/3G/4G and Wi-Fi Services

Wi-FiAccess Point

NON-3GPP access

(WI-FI)

SIM & SIM-less

UEs

Node B / eNodeBSmall Cell

2G/3G/4G

7750 SR Mobile GW

cMG

AAA HSS/HLRMME/SGSN PCRF OCS/OFCS

Evolved packet core

TWAG

ePDG

SGW AAA

Charging

DPI/NAT/IPsec

Lawful Intercept

3GPP Integration

Co

mm

on

Fu

nctio

ns

PGW/GGSN

PCEF

IMS

CDN

Enterprise

DatacenterInternet

Mobile backhaul

SSG

A single platform spanning all Radio Access, leveraging common functions

Supports range of mobile gateway functions: GGSN, S-GW, P-GW, ePDG, TWAG, SSG (TDF)

© 2016 Nokia10

Virtualized Mobile Gateway

VMG v1 is already built in support of a cloud architecture

Life vEPC/v-ePDG deployments across all regions for consumer, M2M and VoLTE/VoWiFi applications

MG-VM: 20Gbps non DPI throughput, 10Gbps DPI throughput, 30k tr/s, 4M sessions, 8M bearers, 1M IPsec tunnels (vePDG)

http://www.lightreading.com/ethernet-ip/new-ip/validating-nokias-ip-routing-and-mobile-gateway-

vnfs/d/d-id/720902

© 2016 Nokia11

vMG Appliances

• Next step for EPC evolution with future proof cloud SW and IT x86 HW for customers, which are not cloud ready securing investments for future cloud evolution

Small vMG appliance:20/10Gbps, 2M sessions

Large vMG appliance:160/80Gbps, 16M sessions

Feature Candidates for 9.0r1

© 2016 Nokia12

cMG: Impact on Network Architecture- cMG instance is managed as single S/PGW node

- No added overhead to manage individual VM

- No impact on existing network architecture

- Load balancer (LB-VM) allows hiding internal VM topology from external network

- GW instance is represented by single IP address

- No impact on S1, S11, S5, Gx, Gy, S6b, RADIUS etc

OAM/Management Network

Router

OAM-VM

OAM-VM’

MG-VM-1’

MG-VM-2

MG-VM-1

MG-VM-2’

LB-VM-2

LB-VM-1

Internal Data

Network

Internal Control

Network

Active

Active

Standb

y

Standb

y

Active

Standb

y

Active

Active

cMG

Router

Loopback-allS1u loopback

S5 loopback

S11 loopback

Gx/Gy loopback

MME

PCRF

OCS/OFCS

eNBinterface IP1

interface IP2

interface IP3

interface IP4Inte

rna

l P

riv

ate

Ne

two

rk

System IP

© 2016 Nokia13

Call Processing VM

Many virtualized solutions lack needed flexibility for cloud readiness

Inflexible resiliency models Inflexible capacity growth and deployment models

Inflexible use of DC resources

• Subscriber/device pinned to VM even when not active

• DP and CP resources co-located, and scaled simultaneously

• 1+1 Redundancy implies that 50% of the capacity is waiting for failure to occur

CP

DP

“X“ TPS“Y“ Bearers“Z” Sessions

“A” GB of forwarding capacity

CPVM

Ctrler VM

Ctrler VM

CPVM CP

VM

CPVM CP

VM

CPVM CP

VM

CPVM CP

VM

LBVM

LBVM

CP-VM CP-VM CP-VM

Inefficient Resource Utilization Nokia VNFs built with N+K

VMs redundancy, Stateless VMs, Shared Data Layer

Nokia Decomposed VNFsWebscale VNF design based

on Stateless VMs and DB VMs

Nokia Innovative Solutions

© 2016 Nokia14

Cloud Mobile GW

Separates control plane processing and data plane forwarding VMs

Centralizeddata center

Distributed data center

v

CP

CP

DP

CP

DP

DP

Design innovations in Packet Core“Decomposed Core”

Independent CP/DP scalabilityFlexible network deployment optionsOptimizes latency requirementsReduces transport cost

Confidential

© 2016 Nokia15

Cloud Packet Corev“State efficient” VNF design with check-pointing

CP

CP

LB

U-3 State

U-2 State

Multiplexing increases VM utilization

Check-pointing

Multiplexing U-4 State

U-1 State

U-4 State

U1-M1U2-M1U3-M1U4-M1U4-M2

Design innovations in Packet CorePatent pending “Web scale” design

Mobile GW Mobility Manager

Optimal resource utilizationFlexible redundancy schemesFlexible scale out and scale in

Confidential

© 2016 Nokia16

Cloud Packet Corev

Design innovations in Packet Core“Shared data layer”

Sharing of data across many stateless or state efficient VNFs

Stores Virtual Machine State(subscriber and session data)

Simplifies VNF design

Delivers deployment and resiliency flexibility

Enables data analytics for monetization, network usage and failure scenarios

Shared data layer

Mobile GW MME

VM VM VM VM VM VM

Nokia in-memory RTDB

API

Data exposure

Analytics (Data monetization …...)

Mobile GW Mobility Manager

Confidential

© 2016 Nokia17

Cloud Mobile Gateway (2017)

Distributed Data Plane

Distributed Session

DB(Geo-redundant )

Edge data center

LB DPDP

Edge data center

LB DPDP

Edge data center

LB DPDP

Edge data center

LB DPDP

Central data center (Region 1)

LB

CP

DP

CP CP CP CP CP

DP DP

Stateless VMs

Subscriber/PDN Session State

Subscriber/PDN session can

be served by any VM,

independent of location of VM

N:K Redundancy Central data center (Region 2)

LB

CP

DP

CP CP

DP

© 2016 Nokia18

SR-OS-MG for 7750 MG and Cloud MGRelease plans

4/16

10/16

11/15

3/17

9/17

limited availability (CP/DR4) general availability (C5/DR5)ready for offering (C3)

Available 8.0r1

Available 8.0r3

Committed 8.0r7

Committed 9.0r1

Under Study 9.0r5

2015 2016 2017

TWAG Open SSID, SSG

IMS combo S/PGW

TWAG Closed SSID, VMware, Separate MG-CP and MG-DP VM demo

NB-IoT, ePDG updates, Dynamic Experience Management GW

Separate MG-CP and MG-DP VM / Statel efficient processing

Product Releases Release Information

© 2016 Nokia19

MME/SGSN evolution -

Cloud Mobility Manager

<Public>

© 2016 Nokia20

MME/SGSN EvolutionBring the best of the two worlds together

Cloud MME/SGSN

vFNS

9471 WMM

Flexi-NS

WMM/VMM

Upgrade path

Stateless ControlCloud DB

Dynamic Cloud Operations

Flexi-NS as Physical

<Confidential>

VMM Upgrade path

CMM on ATCA

© 2016 Nokia21

Advanced Cloud Native Design

MME/SGSN

IPDS (N+1)

NECC (2N)

ESPS(N+)

OAM

Packet Processing Service (PAPS)SGSN 2/3G Mobility & Session mgmt service

Cloud Database (DBS)Open database technology for high capacity database solutions

IP Director Service (IPDS)Elastic / scalable transaction load balancing, forwarding and i/f aggregation

IP Packet Processing Service (IPPS)3G User plane handling

Network Element management (NECC)OAM, business logic, Open API and centralized functions

Event Stream Processing Service (ESPS)Event broker, time series event database and event processing engine

LTE 3G 2G

CPPS(N+)

PAPS(N+)

DBS(N+)

Core

Control Plane Processing Service (CPPS)MME 4G Mobility & Session mgmt service

IPPS (N+)

CMM common

SGSN only, CMM 17.5

MME only

Legend

OAMplane

DBlayer

Transactionlayer

LBS/UPlayer

CMM Multi-layer architecture

1) Split OAM into static management and dynamic analytics engine

2) Split Call Processing into separate MME and SGSN VMs

3) Split Call Processing into Stateless Transaction and DB layers

22 © Nokia 2016

SDL for MMEEvolution towards Shared Data Layer

FNS Cloud 16

IPDS (1+1)

NECC (2N)

ESPS(N+)

OAM

LTE

CPPS(N+)

MMDS(N+)

Core

cMM 17

IPDS (1+1)

NECC (2N)

ESPS(N+)

LTE

CPPS(N+)

DBS(N+)

Core

Stateful

Stateless

cMM 18

IPDS (N+)

NECC (2N)

ESPS(N+)

LTE

CPPS(N+)

DBS(N+)

Core

DBaaS/

SDL

Geo-redundant

Stateful

Stateless

OAM OAM

PAPS(N+)

IPPS N+

PAPS(N+)

IPPS N+

DBS VNF

Alternative

database

solutions

© 2016 Nokia23

High Level Roadmap

• Commercial Cloud MME VNF (Openstack))

• Multi-layer architecture• New OAM solution• Single Load Balancer x1

• MME Commercial Capacity • System capacity 400k msg/sec• SR-IOV/DPDK performance• Duplex Internal LAN

• 3GPP Rel12 IoT featues• S11-U • Attach w/o PDN

• Commercial Triple Access SGSN/MME VNF

• CMM on WMvare• MME on ATCA Hardware• Geo-redundant Subscriber Service

restoration over MME pool

• SGSN Commercial Capacity (20 PAPS)• High Capacity 3G user plane with

DPDK

• Extended DRX cycle (eDRX) • High Latency Communication (HLCom)

• S1U Optimization• Switching of data transport between

CP and UP

• Appliance CMM on AirFrame• SGSN/MME on ATCA Hardware• Geo-redundant Subscriber Service

restoration over MME pool • SDL base Geo-Redundancy – PoC• Multiple Load Balancers x4

• Capacity increase up to 1600k msg/s• SGSN Capacity x2 with 40 PAPS

• Key Feature Parity across portfolios• T6a/SCEF • Bearer activation without SR• Group service ID basis support of IoT

capabilities• Décor based network slicing

CMM 17 (03/2017) CMM 17.5 (07/2017) CMM 18/18.5 (03/2018)

3GPP Feature set

Performance and capacity

confidential

© 2016 Nokia24

Service evolution

<Public>

© 2016 Nokia25

Cell Optimized TCP Stack (TCPW)

Sender: TCP Westwood Addresses Buffer bloating Reduces overall RTT Better handling of packet drop due to interference

/error Retransmits are handled locally, without invoking server. WEB optimizer: initial CWIND =10 (default)

WAN optimized TCP stack (New Reno)

Advertise large RWIN. Adjust RWIN dynamically if/when buffer resources

are not available/reduced. Immediate ACKing. Fast Retransmit/Fast Recovery

Implementation of AA for TCP OptimizationCell and WAN optimized TCP Stacks

© 2016 Nokia26

Hybrid access options – higher reliability and more bandwidth

Single Gateway SolutionHybrid access enabler

MP-TCP proxy

© 2016 Nokia27

PCRF

1.

Co

ng

est

ion

no

tifi

cati

on

2.

Sp

eci

fic

Pe

r-su

b,

pe

r-a

pp

C

on

tro

l.

3.

Co

ng

est

ion

Re

lieve

d N

oti

fica

tio

n

4.

Re

mo

ve p

er-

sub

, p

er-

ap

p, p

er-

cell

con

tro

l

GGSN/PGW/SSG(with AA)

SGW

Detailed reporting

Gx/Sdinterface

• Nokia integrated solution RAN to Core PGW/GGSN/SSG for congestion detection

– Location Aware Congestion Control (CC)

– Subscriber Aware CC

– Tier sensitive

– Probeless

Dynamic Experience Management Intelligent Congestion Control

Device Application performance

Per-sub, per-app, per-cell site

Airtime exhaustion

Encode cell location and congestion status within TCP option header

Decode and remove cell location and congestion status from TCP option header

CEA

DEM

• Improved QoE for specific subscribers and/or applications under congestion

• Virtual capacity gain

© 2016 Nokia28

IoT Low Power Wide Area (LPWA) technologies

NB-IoT(Rel. 13)

eMTC (LTE-M)

(Rel. 13)EC-GSM(Rel. 13)

5G(targets)

<15 km164 dB

<10 km156 dB

<15 km164 dB

<12 km160 dB

<30 kb/s <1 Mb/s 10 kb/s <1 Mb/s

Licensed spectrum

<12km160 dB

<10km169 dB

<100 b/s < 50 kb/s

Unlicensed spectrum

Improved coverage, ultra-low device cost, low device power consumption, support for massive number of low throughput devices, low delay sensitivity and optimised network architecture.

© 2016 Nokia29

Nokia IOT Core Roadmap

Signaling reduction • TAU reduction for Stationary IoT devices

• Service-based paging LPA• Long inactivity timer in GW

Overload control • DDN throttling for LPA• UE Back-off timer for LPA • GTP overload control• Gx/Gy overload control

• Diameter Routing Message Priority (DRMP) in PGW

• Diameter overload control• APN based OLC• DRMP in MME

Resource optimization

• Coverage Enhancement Paging (CAT-M)

• UE Power Saving Mode • eDRX• HLCOM in MME

• HLCOM in SGW

Small data transmission

• LTE attach wo PDN con.• CP CIoT EPS Opt. for IP• ROHC for small IP data• Non-IP PDN with SGi tun.

• Switching of data transport between CP/UP

• User Plane CIoT EPS Optimizations

• Non-IP data via SCEF• Non-IP data via Restful API

Enhanced core operating model

• State-efficient processing with cloud DB in MME

• Separate CP and DP VM in S/PGW – demo

• PCMD in MME & S/PGW

• Geo-Redundancy -replication of DBS record at alternate MME

• Separate CP and DP VM in S/PGW – GA

• State-efficient processing with cloud database in GW

• DECOR

2016-4QMME CMM R17.0 - S/PGW

R8.0

2017-1QMME CMM R17.0 -

S/PGW R9.0

2017-2QMME CMM R17.5 -

S/PGW R9.0

2017-4QMME CMM R18.0 - S/PGW

R9.0

Feature Candidates

© 2016 Nokia30

Support for all Mobile Packet Gateway

variants

High Performance data plane and control plane

Rich set of IP networking and

service capabilities

Differentiated Attributes for Mobile Packet Core

Agile operations and life cycle management

based real time scale-in and scale-out

Rich set of redundancy and failure protection

mechanisms –N:K; 1:1, N+ & Geo Red

Control Plane – Data Plane separation for

deployment flexible and low latency

Unique and differentiated functions such as Hybrid Access

Web-scale State Efficient Call Processing using Shared Data Layer

framework

Rich Feature Set

High Performance

Cloud Centric Architecture

High Performance Integrated Capabilities

such as DPI

© 2016 Nokia31 <Public>

Thank you!

© 2016 Nokia32

Copyright and confidentiality

<Public>

The contents of this document are proprietary and confidential property of Nokia. This document is provided subject to confidentiality obligations of the applicable agreement(s).

This document is intended for use of Nokia’s customers and collaborators only for the purpose for which this document is submitted by Nokia. No part of this document may be reproduced or made available to the public or to any third party in any form or means without the prior written permission of Nokia. This document is to be used by properly trained professional personnel. Any use of the contents in this document is limited strictly to the use(s) specifically created in the applicable agreement(s) under which the document is submitted. The user of this document may voluntarily provide suggestions, comments or other feedback to Nokia in respect of the contents of this document ("Feedback").

Such Feedback may be used in Nokia products and related specifications or other documentation. Accordingly, if the user of this document gives Nokia Feedback on the contents of this document, Nokia may freely use, disclose, reproduce, license, distribute and otherwise commercialize the feedback in any Nokia product, technology, service, specification or other documentation.

Nokia operates a policy of ongoing development. Nokia reserves the right to make changes and improvements to any of the products and/or services described in this document or withdraw this document at any time without prior notice.

The contents of this document are provided "as is". Except as required by applicable law, no warranties of any kind, either express or implied, including, but not limited to, the implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose,

are made in relation to the accuracy, reliability or contents of this document. NOKIA SHALL NOT BE RESPONSIBLE IN ANY EVENT FOR ERRORS IN THIS DOCUMENT or for any loss of data or income or any special, incidental, consequential, indirect or direct damages howsoever caused, that might arise from the use of this document or any contents of this document.

This document and the product(s) it describesare protected by copyright according to theapplicable laws.

Nokia is a registered trademark of Nokia Corporation. Other product and company names mentioned herein may be trademarks or trade names of their respective owners.