SRM-M.Tech vlsi

8/4/2019 SRM-M.Tech vlsi

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Admission to M.Tech program will be on the basis of performance in the All IndiaEngineering Entrance Examination of SRM University (SRMEEE). *Candidates with valid

GATE score can also apply for admission*.

Candidates, on the basis of the merit list, will be called for counseling at SRM University forfinal Admission.

Post-Graduate Programmes

M.Tech (VLSI Design)Eligibility: B.E./ B.Tech. (ECE/ EEE/ ICE/ IT/ CSE)

Duration: 2 years in 4 Semesters

- M ain Project

Each student should register for required courses in the semester previous to the current semester except for I semester

The elective courses shall be defined as follows

Program Electives shall be the electives given here under

Interdisciplinary electives shall be the courses associated with the program of study offered by other departments, preferably

within the school

Open Electives shall be any course offered by any department under the Faculty of Engineering and Technology

A Candidate shall be allowed to t ake a maximum of 2 subjects (6 credits) in interdisciplinary electives and 1 subject (3

credits) in op en elective, in the third semester


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Core Subjects

Optional/ Elective Subjects Program Electives


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Supportive Courses

Project Work


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M.Tech (VLSI Design) (2008 - 2010 Curriculum)

VL0501-Programming in HDL

PURPOSE

HDL programming is fundamental for VLSI design and hence this course is given.

INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVESThe student will be able to, Write programs in VHDL and verilog for modeling digitalcircuits.

SYLLABUS CONTENTSBasic concepts

Operators, Data types, Number specification, System tasks and compiler directives, Modulesand ports, Gate-level Modeling, Dataflow Modeling, Behavioral Modeling-example for each

modeling -test bench-lab exercise.

Tasks and Functions-example-useful modeling techniques-Timing and delays-Switch levelmodeling-user defined primitives- lab exercise.

Basic Concepts

Data Objects, Data Types, Operators, Concurrent and Sequential Assignment Statements,Different Styles of Modeling, Simple Examples-test bench- lab exercise.

Procedure and functions-examples-packages-Generic constants and statements-examples.Component and configuration- lab exercise.

Introduction to synthesis - Verilog synthesis-modeling tips for Verilog logic synthesis-combinational and sequential logic synthesis using VHDL-VHDL modeling restrictions- labexercise.

L = 45 T = 15 TOTAL = 60

TEXT BOOKS

Samir palnitkar,"Verilog HDL", Pearson education, 2004

Peter J.Ashenden, "The designer guide to VHDL", 2001


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VL0502-Digital Signal Processing structures for VLSI

PURPOSE

DSPs are used in many application areas and hence has become an essential part of VLSIs.Hence to introduce the student about DSP structures, this subject is included.

INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVESAfter this course the student will be knowing Fundamentals of DSP working and variousstructures useful in DSP implementation

SYLLABUS CONTENTSLinear System Theory- Convolution- Correlation - DFT- FFT- Basic concepts in FIR Filters

and IIR Filters- Filter Realizations. Representation of DSP Algorithms-Block diagram-SFG-DFG.

Iteration Bound

Data-Flow Graph Representations- Loop Bound and Iteration Bound- Algorithms forComputing Iteration Bound-LPM Algorithm. Pipelining and Parallel Processing : Pipelining

of FIR Digital Filters- Parallel Processing- Pipelining and Parallel Processing for Low Power.Retiming: Definitions-Properties and problems- Solving Systems of Inequalities.

Fast ConvolutionCook-Toom Algorithm- Modified Cook-Toom Algorithm.Design of Fast Convolution

Algorithm by Inspection. Parallel FIR filters-Fast FIR algorithms-Two parallel and threeparallel. Parallel architectures for Rank Order filters-Odd Even Merge sort architecture-Rank

Order filter architecture-Parallel Rank Order filters-Running Order Merge Order Sorter-Low

power Rank Order filter.

Pipelined and Parallel Recursive FiltersPipeline Interleaving in Digital Filters- Pipelining in 1st Order IIR Digital Filters- Pipelining

in Higher- Order IIR Filters-Clustered Look ahead and Stable Clustered Look ahead-ParallelProcessing for IIR Filters and Problems.

Scaling and Roundoff Noise

Scaling and Roundoff Noise- State Variable Description of Digital Filters- Scaling andRoundoff Noise Computation-Round Off Noise Computation Using State Variable

Description- Slow-Down- Retiming and Pipelining.

L = 45 T = 15 TOTAL = 60

TEXT BOOKS

K.K PARHI: "VLSI Digital Signal processing", John-wiley,1999

John G.Proakis, Dimitris G.Manolakis, "Digital Signal Processing", Prentice Hall ofIndia, 1995


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VL0503-DSP Architectures and Applications

PURPOSE

This course introduces Digital Signal processors.

INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVESAt the end of this course the student will be knowing various DSPs their architectures and

uses.

SYLLABUS CONTENTSOverview of Digital Signal ProcessingAdvantages of DSP over analog systems, salient features and characteristics of DSP systems,

applications of DSP systems.

Introduction to DSP ProcessorCommon features of DSP processors, numeric representations in DSP processor, data path of

a DSP processor, memory structures in DSP processors, VLIW architecture, specialaddressing modes in DSP processors, pipelining concepts, on-chip peripherals found in DSP

processors.

Architecture of TMS320C5X Processors- Assembly Instructions- Addressing Modes-Pipelining and Peripherals-Lab exercises

Architecture of TMS320C3X- Instruction Set- Addressing Modes- Data Formats- FloatingPoint Operation- Pipelining and Peripherals- Lab exercises

Introduction to Black fin processor- Architecture overview-processor core-addressing modes-instruction sets-Targeted applications - Lab exercises.

VLIW Architecture- SHARC- SIMD- MIMD Architectures- Application: Adaptive filters-DSP based biometry receiver-speech processing-position control system for hard disk drive-

DSP based power meter.

L = 45 T = 15 TOTAL = 60

TEXT BOOKS

B.Venkatramani & M.Baskar, "Digital Signal Processor", McGraw Hill, 2000

Avatar Singh and S.Srinivasan, "Digital signal processing", Thomson books,2004

K.K Parhi, "VLSI DSP Systems", John Wiley, 1999


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VL0504-CMOS Analog circuit design

PURPOSE

Analog circuits are essential in interfacing and in building amplifiers and low pass filters.This course introduces design methods for CMOS analog circuit design.

INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVESAt the end of this course the student will be learning, CMOS analog circuits design andsimulation using SPICE.

SYLLABUS CONTENTSIntroduction

Terminologies - analog and digital signals, analog sampled-data or discrete time signal,circuit design, analysis of a circuit, synthesis of a circuit, differences between integrated and

discrete analog circuit design, design process of an analog integrated circuit.

CMOS TechnologyBasic MOS fabrication processes, PN junction, MOS transistor, passive components, lateral

and substrate BJT and latchup

CMOS Device ModelingLarge-signal and small-signal model for the MOS transistor, computer simulation models,simulation of MOS circuits using SPICE.

Analog CMOS subcircuits

MOS switch, MOS diode/ active resistor, current sinks and sources, current mirrors, current

and voltage references, bandgap reference, simulation of CMOS sub circuits using SPICE.

CMOS amplifiers

Common-Source stage (with resistive load, diode connected load, current-source load, triodeload, source degeneration), source follower, common-gate stage, casoade stage, folded

cascode stage, simulation of CMOS amplifiers using SPICE.

Differential amplifierSingle-ended operation, differentia l operation, basic differential pair, large-signal and small-signal behaviour, common-mode response, differential pair with MOS loads, simulation of

differential amplifiers using SPICE.

Operational amplifiersPerformance parameters of op-amp, two-stage CMOS op-amp, cascode op-amps, 741 op-amp

circuit, dc analysis and small-signal analysis of 741 op-amp, simulation of 741 op-amp usingSPICE, macro models for op-amps.

Frequency response of CS stage, CD stage, CG stage, cascode stage, differential pair, two-

stage CMOS op-amp, folded cascode op-amp and 741 op-amp.

Noise characteristics in the frequency and time domains, thermal noise, shot noise, flickernoise, popcorn noise, noise models of IC components, representation of noise in circuits,

noise in single-stage amplifiers (CS, CD and CG stages), noise in differential pairs, noisebandwidth, noise figure, noise temperature.


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L = 45 T = 15 TOTAL = 60

TEXT BOOKS

Allen, Holberg, "CMOS analog circuit design", Oxford University Press, 2004

Razavi, "Design of analog CMOS integrated circuits", McGraw Hill, 2001

Gray, Meyer, Lewis, Hurst, "Analysis and design of Analog Integrated Circuits", 4th

Edition, Willey International, 2002

VL0505-Testing of VLSI Circuits

PURPOSETesting VLSI is essential as these circuits are complex. Hence this paper deals with

fundamental techniques used for logic testing.

INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVESAt the end of the course the student will be having knowledge on digital testing as applied to

VLSI design.

SYLLABUS CONTENTSIntroduction - Need for testing - VLSI Testing Process And Test Equipment - Types of

testing - ATE -ADVANTEST model T6682-Block Diagram and Specification- ElectricalParametric testing - AC and DC-Test Economics - Fault Molding-Stuck at faults. Calculationof DCR and ECR.

Faults in Digital circuits- failures and faults. Modeling of faults. Temporary faults. Test

generation for combinational logic circuits-combinational ATPG-Boolean DifferenceMethod-D-Algorithm-PODEM-FAN Algorithm. Testable combinational logic circuit design.

Algorithm for true value simulation and for fault simulation.

Test generation for sequential circuits. Design of testable sequential circuits-sequentialATPG-Implementation and complexity- Time Frame Expansion-simulation method. DSP

based testing - Static ADC & DAC testing methods- Testable memory design -ReducedFunctional Faults-MARCH and MAT+ algorithm. Analog and Mixed signal tests.

Delay test - Path delay test and fault models - Transition faults - delay test methodologies -practical consideration - IDDQ testing - Testing methods - Limitations of IDDQ testing -

DFT IDDQ.

DFT - Scan Design - Partial scan design - BIST- TPG for BIST - output response analysis,BIST Architectures- Random Logic BIST - Memory and delay fault BIST - JTAG - System

test and core based design.

L = 45 T = 15 TOTAL = 60

TEXT BOOKS

Parag.K.Lala "Digital Circuit Testing and Testability" Academic Press


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Viswani D.Agarval Michael L.Bushnell, "Essentials of Electronic Testing for DigitalMemory & Mixed Signal VLSI Circuit", Kluwer Academic Publications, 1999

VL0506-VLSI Technology

PURPOSEThis paper deals with manufacturing of VLSI devices.

INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVESAfter going through this course student will be knowing about various technologies used forfabricating VLSI devices.

SYLLABUS CONTENTS

Electronic Grade Silicon, Czochralski crystal growing, Silicon Shaping, processingconsiderations, Vapor phase Epitaxy, Molecular Beam Epitaxy, Silicon on Insulators,Epitaxial Evaluation, Growth Mechanism and kinetics, Thin Oxides, Oxidation Techniques

and Systems, Oxide properties, Redistribution of Dopants at interface, Oxidation of PolySilicon, Oxidation inducted Defects.

Optical Lithography, Electron Lithography, X-Ray Lithography, Ion Lithography, Plasma

properties, Feature Size control and Anisotropic Etch mechanism, reactive Plasma Etchingtechniques and Equipment.

Deposition process, Poly silicon, plasma assisted Deposition, Models of Diffusion in Solids,Fick's one dimensional Diffusion Equations - Atomic Diffusion Mechanism - Measurement

techniques - Range theory- Implant equipment. Annealing Shallow junctions - High energy

implantation - Physical vapor deposition - Patterning.

Ion implantation - Diffusion and oxidation - Epitaxy - Lithography - Etching and Deposition-

NMOS IC Technology - CMOS IC Technology - MOS Memory IC technology - Bipolar ICTechnology - IC Fabrication.

Analytical Beams - Beam Specimen interactions - Chemical methods - Package types -

packaging design considerations - VLSI assembly technology - Package fabricationtechnology.

L = 45 TOTAL = 45

TEXT BOOKS

S.M.Sze, "VLSI Technology", McGraw Hill Second Edition. 1998

James D Plummer, Michael D. Deal, Peter B.Griffin, "Silicon VLSI Technology:

fundamentals practice and Modeling", Prentice Hall India.2000

Wai Kai Chen, "VLSI Technology" CRC press, 2003


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VL0507-Digital VLSI Design

PURPOSE

This course deals with fundamentals of electronics involved in the design of VLSI circuits.

INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVESBy studying this course the student will be knowing basic electronics involved in the design

of MOS circuits.

SYLLABUS CONTENTSMOS Transistor-First Glance at the MOS device MOS Transistor under static conditions-threshold voltage-Resistive operation-saturation region -channel length modulation-velocity

saturation-Hot carrier effect-drain current Vs voltage charts - sub threshold conduction -equivalent resistance-MOS structure capacitance-Design A logic sates using NMOS and

PMOS and CMOS devices-Stick Diagram.

Modeling of MOS Transistor using PSPICE-Introduction - Basic Concepts-LEVEL1-LEVEL2-LEVEL3 modeling technique- various model comparison. Static CMOS inverter-

Evaluating the Robustness of CMOS Inverter. Performance of CMOS inverter: DynamicBehavior-computing the capacitance-propagation delay sizing inverter for performance-sizing a chain of invertors - Dynamic power consumption-static consumption

Static CMOS design-complementary CMOS - static properties- complementary CMOS

design-Power consumption in CMOS logic gates-dynamic or glitching transitions - Designtechniques to reduce switching activity - Radioed logic-DC VSL - pass transistor logic -

Differential pass transistor logic -Sizing of level restorer-Sizing in pass transistor-Dynamic

CMOS design-Basic principles - Domino logic-optimization of Domino logic-NPCMOS-logic style selection -Designing logic for reduced supply voltages

Timing metrics for sequential circuit -latches Vs registers -static latches and registers -

Bistability principle - multiplexer based latches-master slave edge triggered registers- non-ideal clock signals-low voltage static latches-static SR flip flop - Dynamic latches and

registers-C2MOS register - Dual edge registers-True single phase clocked registers-pipelining to optimize sequential circuit latch Vs register based pipelines- non-Bistablesequential circuit-Schmitt trigger-mono stable -Astable -sequential circuit - choosing a

clocking strategy.

Data Path OperationsAddition/Subtraction - Comparators- Zero/One Detectors- Binary Counters- ALUs-

Multiplication- Shifters- Memory elements- control : Finite-State Machines.

L = 45 T = 15 TOTAL = 60

TEXT BOOKS

Jan.M.Rabaey., Anitha Chandrakasan Borivoje Nikolic, "Digital Integrated Circuits",Second Edition

Neil H.E Weste and Kamran Eshraghian, "Principles of CMOS VLSI Design", 2ndEdition, Addition Wesley, 1998


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Sung-Mo Kang, Yusuf Leblebici, "CMOS Digital IC- Analysis and Design", 3rd Edition,Tata McGraw Hill publication

VL0508-Solid State Device Modeling and Simulation

PURPOSEThis course deals with modeling devices and their fundamental working concepts.

INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVESBy studying this subject the student will be able to make models of transistor circuits andsimulate them for various operational requirements.

SYLLABUS CONTENTS

Quantum Mechanical Concepts, Carrier Concentration, Transport Equation, Band gap,Mobility and Resistivity, Carrier Generation and Recombination, Avalanche Process, NoiseSources.

Injection and Transport Model, Continuity Equation, Diode Small Signal and Large Signal

(Change Control Model), Transistor Models: Ebber - Molls and Gummel Port Model,Mextram model, SPICE modeling temperature and area effects.

Introduction Interior Layer, MOS Transistor Current, Threshold Voltage, Temperature Short

Channel and Narrow Width Effect, Models for Enhancement, Depletion Type MOSFET,CMOS Models in SPICE.

General Methods, Specific Bipolar Measurement, Depletion Capacitance, Series Resistances,

Early Effect, Gummel Plots, MOSFET: Long and Short Channel Parameters, StatisticalModeling of Biopolar and MOS Transistors.

Static and Dynamic Models, Rate Equations, Numerical Technique, Equivalent Circuits,Modeling of LEDs, Laser Diode and Photo-detectors.

L = 45 TOTAL = 45

TEXT BOOKS

Philip E. Allen, Douglas R. Hoberg, "CMOS Analog Circuit Design", Second Edition,

Oxford Press - 2002

S.M.Sze "Semiconductor Devices - Physics and Technology", John Wiley and sons, 1985

Kiat Seng Yeo, Samir S.Rofail, Wang-Ling Gob, "CMOS / BiCMOS ULSI - Low

Voltage, low Power", Person education, Low price edition, 2003


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VL0551-Low Power VLSI Design

PURPOSEAs there is always a need for power efficient circuits and devices, this course explain the

methods for low power VLSI design.

INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVESAt the end of this course the student will be able to design Low power CMOS designs, for

digital circuits.

SYLLABUS CONTENTSIntroduction to low power VLSI design-Need for low power-CMOS leakage current-static

current-Basic principles of low power design-probabilistic power analysis-random logicsignal-probability and frequency-power analysis techniques-signal entropy.

Circuit - transistor and gate sizing - pin ordering - network restructuring and reorganization -

adjustable threshold voltages - logic-signal gating - logic encoding. Pre-computation logic.

Power reduction in clock networks - CMOS floating node - low power bus - delay balancing -SRAM.

Switching activity reduction - parallel voltage reduction - operator reduction -Adiabaticcomputation - pass transistor logic

Low power circuit design style - Software power estimation - co design.

L = 45 TOTAL = 45

TEXT BOOKS

Gary Yeap "Practical Low Power Digital VLSI Design", 1997

Kaushik Roy , Sharat C. Prasad, "Low power CMOS VLSI circuit design", Wiley Interscience Publications". (1987)


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VL0552-CMOS Mixed signal Circuit Design

PURPOSE

As many real life applications involve both analog and digital circuits, this course aims tointroduce the problems in implementing both in a single silicon wafer.

INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVESAt the end of the course the student will be knowing mixed signal designs like DAC, ADC,PLL etc.

SYLLABUS CONTENTS

Characterization of a comparator, basic CMOS comparator design, analog multiplier design,PLL - simple PLL, charge-pump PLL, applications of PLL.

Switched Capacitor circuits - basic principles, some practical circuits such as switchedcapacitor integrator, biquad circuit, switched capacitor filter, switched capacitor amplifier,

non-filtering applications of switched capacitor circuit such as programmable gate arrays,DAC and ADC, MOS comparators, modulators, rectifiers, detectors, oscillators.

Sampling circuits

Basic sampling circuits for analog signal sampling, performance metrics of sampling circuits,different types of sampling switches.

Sample-and-Hold Architectures

Open-loop & closed-loop architectures, open-loop architecture with miller capacitance,multiplexed-input architectures, recycling architecture, switched capacitor architecture,current-mode architecture.

Basics

Input/output characteristics of an ideal D/A converter, , performance metrics of D/Aconverter, D/A converter in terms of voltage, current, and charge division or multiplication,

switching functions to generate an analog output corresponding to a digital input.

D/A converter architecturesResistor-Ladder architectures, current-steering architectures.

Basics

input/output characteristics and quantization error of an A/D converter, performance metricsof A/D converter.

A/D converter architecturesFlash architectures, two-step architectures, interpolate and folding architectures, pipelined

architectures, Successive approximation architectures, interleaved architectures.

Low Pass filters, active RC integrators, MOSFET-C integrators, transconductance-cintegrator, discrete time integrators. Filtering topologies - bilinear transfer function and

biquadratic transfer function.

L = 45 TOTAL = 45


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TEXT BOOKS

Razavi, "Design of analog CMOS integrated circuits", McGraw Hill, 2001

Razavi, "Principles of data conversion system design", S.Chand and company ltd, 2000

Jacob Baker, "CMOS Mixed-Signal circuit design", IEEE Press, 2002

Gregorian, Temes, "Analog MOS Integrated Circuit for signal processing", John Wiley &

Sons

Baker, Li, Boyce, "CMOS : Circuit Design, layout and Simulation", PHI, 2000

VL0553-Neural Networks and Applications

PURPOSEThe purpose of this course is to introduce neural network concepts to the student, as it is an

emerging application area for VLSI.

INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVESAt the end of the course the student will acquire knowledge on neural networks, its theory

and various types.

SYLLABUS CONTENTSBiological Neuron - Artificial Neural Model - Types of activation functions - Architecture:

Feed forward and Feedback - Learning Process: Error Correction Learning -Memory BasedLearning - Hebbian Learning - Competitive Learning - Boltzman Learning - Supervised andUnsupervised Learning - Learning Tasks: Pattern Space - Weight Space - Pattern Association

- Pattern Recognition - Function Approximation - Control - Filtering - Beam forming -Memory - Adaptation - Statistical Learning Theory - Single Layer Perceptron - PerceptronLearning Algorithm - Perceptron Convergence Theorem - Least Mean Square Learning

Algorithm - Multilayer Perceptron - Back Propagation Algorithm - XOR problem -Limitations of Back Propagation Algorithm.

Cover's Theorem on the Separability of Patterns - Exact Interpolator - Regularization Theory

- Generalized Radial Basis Function Networks - Learning in Radial Basis Function Networks- Applications: XOR Problem - Image Classification.

Optimal Hyperplane for Linearly Separable Patterns and Nonseparable Patterns - Support

Vector Machine for Pattern Recognition - XOR Problem - -insensitive Loss Function -Support Vector Machines for Nonlinear Regression.

Ensemble Averaging - Boosting - Associative Gaussian Mixture Model - HierarchicalMixture of Experts Model(HME) - Model Selection using a Standard Decision Tree - A

Priori and Postpriori Probabilities - Maximum Likelihood Estimation - Learning Strategiesfor the HME Model - EM Algorithm - Applications of EM Algorithm to HME Model.


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NEURODYNAMIC SYSTEMSDynamical Systems - Attractors and Stability - Non-linear Dynamical Systems- Lyapunov

Stability - Neurodynamical Systems - The Cohen-Grossberg Theorem.

Associative Learning - Attractor Neural Network Associative Memory - Linear Associative

Memory - Hopfield Network - Content Addressable Memory - Strange Attractors and Chaos- Error Performance of Hopfield Networks - Applications of Hopfield Networks - SimulatedAnnealing - Boltzmann Machine - Bidirectional Associative Memory - BAM StabilityAnalysis - Error Correction in BAMs - Memory Annihilation of Structured Maps in BAMS -

Continuous BAMs - Adaptive BAMs - Applications.

Noise-Saturation Dilemma - Solving Noise-Saturation Dilemma - Recurrent On-center -Off-surround Networks - Building Blocks of Adaptive Resonance - Substrate of Resonance

Structural Details of Resonance Model - Adaptive Resonance Theory - Applications.

Self-organizing Map - Maximal Eigenvector Filtering - Sanger's Rule - Generalized Learning

Law - Competitive Learning - Vector Quantization - Mexican Hat Networks - Self-organizingFeature Maps - Applications.

Spiking Neuron Model - Integrate-and-Fire Neurons - Conductance Based Models -Computing with Spiking Neurons.

L = 45 TOTAL = 45

TEXT BOOKS

Satish Kumar, "Neural Networks: A Classroom Approach", Tata McGraw-Hill

Publishing Company Limited, New Delhi, 2004

Simon Haykin, "Neural Networks: A Comprehensive Foundation", 2ed., Addison WesleyLongman (Singapore) Private Limited, Delhi, 2001

VL0554-VLSI Design Automation

PURPOSE

There is a great need for methods to automate VLSI design methods. This course introducesthe automation techniques.

INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVESAfter going through this course student will be having knowledge on automation methods for

VLSI design.

SYLLABUS CONTENTSIntroduction to VLSI Design methodologies - Review of Data structures and algorithms -

Review of VLSI Design automation tools - Algorithmic Graph Theory and ComputationalComplexity - Tractable and Intractable problems - general PURPOSE methods for

combinatorial optimization.


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Layout Compaction - Design rules - problem formulation - algorithms for constraint graphcompaction - placement and partitioning - Circuit representation - Placement algorithms -

partitioning

Floor planning concepts - shape functions and floorplan sizing - Types of local routing

problems - Area routing - channel routing - global routing - algorithms for global routing.

Simulation - Gate-level modeling and simulation - Switch-level modeling and simulation -

Combinational Logic Synthesis - Binary Decision Diagrams - Two Level Logic Synthesis-High level Synthesis.

Hardware models - Internal representation - Allocation -assignment and scheduling - Simple

scheduling algorithm - Assignment problem - High level transformations.

L = 45 TOTAL = 45

TEXT BOOKS

S.H. Gerez, "Algorithms for VLSI Design Automation", John Wiley & Sons,2002

N.A. Sherwani, "Algorithms for VLSI Physical Design Automation", Kluwar AcademicPublishers, 2002

VL0555-Design of Semiconductor Memories

PURPOSEMemory is an important part in many digital circuits and microcontrollers. This course

discusses implementation methods and problems in designing and making semiconductormemories.

INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVES

At the end of this course, the student will be able to know the design of MOS memories andthe various precautionary methods to be used in the design and fabrication of them.

SYLLABUS CONTENTS

SRAM Cell Structures-MOS SRAM Architecture-MOS SRAM Cell and Peripheral CircuitOperation-Bipolar SRAM Technologies-Silicon On Insulator (SOl) Technology-AdvancedSRAM Architectures and Technologies-Application Specific SRAMs.

DRAM Technology Development-CMOS DRAMs - DRAMs Cell Theory and Advanced

Cell Strucutures - BiCMOS, DRAMs - Soft Error Failures in DRAMs - Advanced DRAMDesigns and Architecture-Application Specific DRAMs.

Masked Read-Only Memories (ROMs)-High Density ROMs-Programmable Read-Only

Memories (PROMs)-BipolarPROMs-CMOS PROMs-Erasable (UV) - Programmable Road-Only Memories (EPROMs)-Floating-Gate EPROM Cell-One-Time Programmable (OTP)

Eproms-Electrically Erasable PROMs (EEPROMs)-EEPROM Technology And Architecture-


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Nonvolatile SRAM-Flash Memories (EPROMs or EEPROM)-AdvancedFlash MemoryArchitecture.

RAM Fault Modelling, Electrical Testing, Peusdo Random Testing-Megabit DRAM Testing-

Non-volatile Memory Modelling and Testing-IDDQ Fault Modelling and Testing-

Application Specific Memory Testing

General Reliability Issues-RAM Failure Modes and Mechanism-Non-volatile Memory

Reliability-Reliability Modelling and Failure Rate Prediction-Design for Reliability-Reliability Test Structures-Reliability Screening and Qualification. RAM Fault Modelling,

Electrical Testing, Pseudo Random Testing-Megabit DRAM Testing-Non-volatile MemoryModelling and Testing-IDDQ Fault Modelling and Testing-Application Specific MemoryTesting.

Radiation Effects-Single Event Phenomenon (SEP)-Radiation Hardening Techniques-

Radiation Hardening Process and Design Issues-Radiation Hardened Memory

Characteristics-Radiation Hardness Assurance and Testing - Radiation Dosimetry-WaterLevel Radiation Testing and Test Structures. Ferroelectric Random Access Memories(FRAMs)-Gallium Arsenide (GaAs) FRAMs - Analog Memories-Magneto-res istive RandomAccess Memories (MRAMs)-Experimental Memory Devices. Memory Hybrids and MCMs

(2D)-Memory Stacks and MCMs (3D)-Memory MCM Testing and Reliability Issues-Memory Cards-High Density Memory Packaging Future Directions.

L = 45 TOTAL = 45

TEXT BOOKS

Ashok K. Sharma, "Semiconductor Memories", Two-Volume Set, Wiley-IEEE Press,

2003

Brent Keeth, R. Jacob Baker, "DRAM Circuit Design: A Tutorial", Wiley-IEEE Press,2000

Betty Prince, "High Performance Memories: New Architecture DRAMs and SRAMs -

Evolution and Function", Wiley, 1999

VL0556-VLSI Digital Signal Processing systems

PURPOSEAs DSP has become an essential component of VLSI applications, this circuit is introduced.

INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVESAt the end of this course the student will be able knowing methods and techniques forimplementation of DSP systems.

SYLLABUS CONTENTS

UnfoldingAlgorithm for Unfolding- Properties of Unfolding- Critical Path- Unfolding and Retiming-

Applications of Unfolding. Folding: Folding Transformation- Register Minimization


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Techniques- Lifetime analysis-Data Allocation using forward-Backward register Allocation-Register Minimization in Folded Architectures- Folding of Multirate Systems.

Parallel Multipliers- Interleaved Floor-plan and Bit-Plane-Based Digital Filters- Bit-Serial

Multipliers- Bit-serial Filter Design and Implementation- Canonic Signed Digit Arithmetic-

Distributed Arithmetic.

Redundant Arithmetic

Redundant Number Representations- Carry-Free Radix-2 Addition and Subtraction- HybridRadix-4 Addition- Radix-2 Hybrid Redundant Multiplication Architectures- Data Format

Conversion- Redundant to Non redundant Converter . Numerical Strength Reduction: Subexpression Elimination- Multiple Constant Multiplication- Sub expression sharing in DigitalFilters- Additive and Multiplicative Number Splitting.

Synchronous Pipelining and Clocking Styles- Clock Skew and Clock Distribution in Bit-

Level Pipelined VLSI Designs- Wave Pipelining- Constraint Space Diagram and Degree of

Wave Pipelining- Implementation of Wave-Pipelined Systems- Asynchronous Pipelining-Signal Transition Graphs- Use of STG to Design Interconnection Circuits- - Implementationof Computational Units.

Theoretical Background- Scaling Versus Power Consumption- Power Analysis- PowerReduction Techniques- Power Estimation Approaches.-Simulation Based Approach.

L = 45 TOTAL = 45

TEXT BOOKS

K.K PARHI, "VLSI Digital Signal processing", John-Wiley (1999)

VL0557-Computer Architecture and parallel Processing

PURPOSEAny VLSI design mostly involves processor systems, this course describes computer

architectures.

INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVESAt the end of this course the student will be knowing various processor implementationarchitectures.

SYLLABUS CONTENTSMultiprocessors and Multicomputers - Multivector and SIMD Computers- PRAM and VLSIModels- Conditions of Parallelism- Program Partitioning and scheduling-program flow

mechanisms- parallel processing applications- speed up performance law.

Advanced processor technology - Superscalar and vector processors- Memory hierarchytechnology- Virtual memory technology- Cache memory organization- Shared memory

organization.


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Linear pipeline processors- Non linear pipeline processors- Instruction pipeline design-Arithmetic design- Superscalar and super pipeline design- Multiprocessor system

interconnects- Message passing mechanisms.

Vector Processing principle- Multivector Multiprocessors- Compound Vector processing-

Principles of multithreading-fine grain multicomputers- scalable and multithreadarchitectures - Dataflow and hybrid architectures.

Parallel programming models- parallel languages and compilers- parallel programmingenvironments- synchronization and multiprocessing modes- message passing program

development- mapping programs onto multicomputers- multiprocessor UNIX design goals-MACH/OS kernel architecture- OSF/1 architecture and applications.

L = 45 TOTAL = 45

TEXT BOOKS

Kai Hwang, "Advanced Computer Architecture", TMH 2001

William Stallings, "Computer Organization and Architecture", McMillan Publishing

Company, 1990

M.J. Quinn, "Designing efficient Algorithms for parallel computer", McGraw HillInternational, 1994

VL0558-System-on-Chip design

PURPOSEIP cores and application specific design is becoming the order of the day. Because ofusefulness of this for both VLSI and embedded students this subject is provided.

INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVESTo make the student learn, System on chip fundamentals, their applications. On-chipnetworking methods.

SYLLABUS CONTENTSPART -A: SOC DESIGNSOC FUNDAMENTALS

Essential issues of SoC design - A SoC for Digital still camera - multimedia IP development :Image and video codecs.

SOC SOFTWARE AND ENERGY MANAGEMENTSoC embedded software - energy management techniques for SoC design.

PART- B: ON-CHIP NETWORKINGSYSTEM DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY

Design methodology for NOC based systems - Mapping concurrent application ontoarchitectural platforms.


20/30

HARDWARE AND BASIC INFRASTRUCTUREPacket switched network for on-chip communication - energy reliability tradeoff for NoC's -

clocking strategies - parallel computer as a NoC's region.

SOFTWARE AND APPLICATION INTERFACES

MP-SoC from software to hardware - NoC APIs - multilevel software validation for NoC -Software for network on chip

L = 45 TOTAL = 45

TEXT BOOKS

Axel Jantsch, "Network on chips", Kluwar Academic publishers., 2003

Youn-long, Steve lin, "Essential issues of SoC design", Springer - 2006


21/30

VL0559-Genetic Algorithms and their Applications

PURPOSE

Optimization methods are necessary for making circuits and making device layouts. Thiscourse deals with GA as an optimization application for VLSI design.

INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVESAt the end of the course student will be able to know the GA and its application methods.

SYLLABUS CONTENTSFundamentals of genetic algorithm: A brief history of evolutionary computation-biological

terminology-search space -encoding, reproduction-elements of genetic algorithm - geneticmodeling - comparison of GA and traditional search methods.

Steady state algorithm - fitness scaling - inversion, Genetic programming - Genetic algorithmin problem solving.

Natural evolution -Simulated annealing and Tabu search .Genetic Algorithm in scientificmodels and theoretical foundations.

Computer implementation - low level operator and knowledge based techniques in GeneticAlgorithm.

Applications of Genetic based machine learning-Genetic Algorithm and parallel processors,

composite laminates, constraint optimization, multilevel optimization, real life problem.

L = 45 TOTAL = 45

TEXT BOOKS

Melanie Mitchell, "An introduction to Genetic Algorithm", Prentice-Hall of India,NewDelhi, Edition: 2004

David.E.Golberg, "Genetic algorithms in search, optimization and machine learning",Addision-Wesley-1999

S.Rajasekaran and G.A Vijayalakshmi Pai, "Neural Networks, Fuzzy logic and Genetic

Algorithms, Synthesis and Applications", Prentice Hall of India, NewDelhi-2003

VL0560 - Reliability Engineering

PURPOSEFor any system reliability is an essential parameter. For evaluating reliability of designs it is

necessary to know reliability analysis methods. Hence this course is offered.

INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVESAt the end of this course, the student would have learnt basics of reliability evaluation

methods and its application to electronic circuits and failure modes of many electronic

components.


22/30

SYLLABUS CONTENTSStatistical distribution , statistical confidence and hypothesis testing ,probability plotting

techniques - Weibull, extreme value ,hazard, binomial data; Analysis of load - strengthinterference , Safety margin and loading roughness on reliability.

Statistical design of experiments and analysis of variance Taguchi method, Reliabilityprediction, Reliability modeling, Block diagram and Fault tree Analysis ,petric Nets, Statespace Analysis, Monte carlo simulation, Design analysis methods - quality functiondeployment, load strength analysis, failure modes, effects and criticality analysis.

Reliability of electronic components, component types and failure mechanisms, Electronicsystem reliabil ity prediction, Reliability in electronic system design; software errors, softwarestructure and modularity, fault tolerance, software reliability, prediction and measurement,

hardware/software interfaces.

Test environments, testing for reliability and durability, failure reporting, Pareto analysis,

Accelerated test data analysis, CUSUM charts, Exploratory data analysis and proportionalhazards modeling, reliability demonstration, reliability growth monitoring.

Control of production variability, Acceptance sampling, Quality control and stress screening,Production failure reporting; preventive maintenance strategy, Maintenance schedules,Design for maintainability, Integrated reliability programmes , reliability and costs, standard

for reliability, quality and safety, specifying reliability, organization for reliabil ity.

L = 45 TOTAL = 45

TEXT BOOKS

Lewis, "Introduction to Reliabil ity Engineering", 2nd Edition, Wiley International, 1996

Patrick D.T. O'Commer, David Newton and Richard Bromley, "Practical ReliabilityEngineering", Fourth edition, John Wiley & Sons, 2002


23/30

VL0560 - Reliability Engineering

PURPOSE

For any system reliability is an essential parameter. For evaluating reliability of designs it isnecessary to know reliability analysis methods. Hence this course is offered.

INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVESAt the end of this course, the student would have learnt basics of reliability evaluationmethods and its application to electronic circuits and failure modes of many electronic

components.

SYLLABUS CONTENTSStatistical distribution , statistical confidence and hypothesis testing ,probability plottingtechniques - Weibull, extreme value ,hazard, binomial data; Analysis of load - strength

interference , Safety margin and loading roughness on reliability.

Statistical design of experiments and analysis of variance Taguchi method, Reliabil ityprediction, Reliability modeling, Block diagram and Fault tree Analysis ,petric Nets, State

space Analysis, Monte carlo simulation, Design analysis methods - quality functiondeployment, load strength analysis, failure modes, effects and criticality analysis.

Reliability of electronic components, component types and failure mechanisms, Electronic

system reliability prediction, Reliability in electronic system design; software errors, softwarestructure and modularity, fault tolerance, software reliability, prediction and measurement,hardware/software interfaces.

Test environments, testing for reliability and durability, failure reporting, Pareto analysis,

Accelerated test data analysis, CUSUM charts, Exploratory data analysis and proportionalhazards modeling, reliability demonstration, reliability growth monitoring.

Control of production variability, Acceptance sampling, Quality control and stress screening,

Production failure reporting; preventive maintenance strategy, Maintenance schedules,Design for maintainability, Integrated reliability programmes , reliability and costs, standardfor reliability, quality and safety, specifying reliability, organization for reliabil ity.

L = 45 TOTAL = 45

TEXT BOOKS

Lewis, "Introduction to Reliabil ity Engineering", 2nd Edition, Wiley International, 1996

Patrick D.T. O'Commer, David Newton and Richard Bromley, "Practical ReliabilityEngineering", Fourth edition, John Wiley & Sons, 2002


24/30

VL0561-Fundamentals and applications of MEMS

PURPOSE

This course is an introduction to MEMS, which also uses micro electronics. This coursefulfills the need of electronic engineer who want to create MEMS devices.

INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVESAt the end of this course, the student will have knowledge on MEMS materials, fabricationand micro sensor design.

SYLLABUS CONTENTS

MEMS and Microsystems, Microsystems and microelectronics, Microsystems andminiaturization, Working principle of micro system - Micro sensors, Micro actuators, MEMSwith Micro actuators.

Materials For MEMS - Substrate and wafer, silicon as a substrate material, silicon compound,

silicon Piezo-resistors, Gallium Arsenide, quartz, Piezoelectric crystals, polymers andpackaging Materials.

Fabrication Process - Photolithography, Ion implantation, Oxidation, Chemical vapor

deposition (CVD), Physical vapor deposition, Deposition by Epitaxy, Etching.

Manufacturing Process - Bulk Micromachining, Surface Micromachining, LIGA Process.

Micro system Design - Design consideration, process design, Mechanical design, Mechanicaldesign using MEMS.

Mechanical packaging of Microsystems, Microsystems packaging, interfacing in

Microsystems packaging, packaging technology, selection of packaging materials, signalmapping and transduction.

Case study on strain sensors, Temperature sensors, Pressure sensors, Humidity sensors,

Accelerometers, Gyroscopes , RF MEMS Switch, phase shifter, and smart sensors. Casestudy of MEMS pressure sensor Packaging.

L = 45 TOTAL = 45

TEXT BOOKS

Tai - Rai Hsu, "MEMS and Microsystems DESIGN and Manufacturing", Tata MC Graw

Hill, Edtion 2002

Julian W Gardner, "Microsensors MEMS and smart devices", John Wiley and sonsLtd,2001

Chang Liu, "Foundation of MEMS", Pearson International Edition,2006

Gabriel M Rebeiz, "RF MEMS - Theory Design and Technology", John Wiley and Sons,

2003


25/30

VL0562- Nano Electronics

PURPOSEAs a new and expanding field, with many implications, nanotechnology and nanoelectronics

is going to pave way for new technologies. Hence this course introduced.

INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVESAt the end of this course, the student will have knowledge on MEMS materials, fabrication

and micro sensor design.

SYLLABUS CONTENTSPhysics of solid state

Structure - Energy band - Quantum mechanics.

TechnologyFilm deposition methods - Lithography.

Analysis

Electron microcopies - Scanning probe microcopies.

Logic devicesLimitation of MOSFETS - Single electron devices - Quantum transport devices - Carbonnano tubes - Molecular devices.

Spintronics

Principle - Applications, Quantum computing, nano sensors.

L = 45 TOTAL = 45

TEXT BOOKS

W. Roy VCH, "Nano Electronics and Information Technology", Rainen waser 2ndEdition 2005

Chonles P.Pook Jr., Frank. J. Owens, "Introduction to Nano technology", Wiley

Interscience, 1 st Ed 2003

T. Pradeep, "Nano: The essentials", Tata McGraw Hill, 1 st Ed,2007

Mark Ratne, Danill Ratne, "Nano Technology", Pearson education, 1 st edition, 2006


26/30

VL0563-Speech and Audio Signal Processing

PURPOSESpeech processing is an essential area in which many applications can be developed. This

course gives fundamental knowledge in this area.

INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVESAt the end of this course, the student will be knowing speech fundamentals, its signal analysis

and artificial reproduction theory, and some knowledge on recognition.

SYLLABUS CONTENTSSpeech production mechanism - Nature of Speech signal - Discrete time modeling of Speech

production - Representation of Speech signals - Classification of Speech sounds - Phones -Phonemes - Phonetic and Phonemic alphabets - Articulatory features. Music production -Auditory perception - Anatomical pathways from the ear to the perception of sound -

Peripheral auditory system - Psycho acoustics

Time domain parameters of Speech signal - Methods for extracting the parameters Energy,Average Magnitude - Zero crossing Rate - Silence Discrimination using ZCR and energy -

Short Time Auto Correlation Function - Pitch period estimation using Auto CorrelationFunction

Short Time Fourier analysis - Filter bank analysis - Formant extraction - Pitch Extraction -

Analysis by Synthesis- Analysis synthesis systems- Phase vocoder-Channel Vocoder.Cepstral analysis of Speech - Formant and Pitch Estimation - Homomorphic Vocoders.

Formulation of Linear Prediction problem in Time Domain - Basic Principle - Autocorrelation method - Covariance method - Solution of LPC equations - Cholesky method -

Durbin's Recursive algorithm - lattice formation and solutions - Comparison of differentmethods - Application of LPC parameters - Pitch detection using LPC parameters - Formant

analysis - VELP - CELP.

Algorithms: Spectral Estimation, dynamic time warping, hidden Markov model - Musicanalysis - Pitch Detection - Feature analysis for recognition - Music synthesis - AutomaticSpeech Recognition - Feature Extraction for ASR - Deterministic sequence recognition -

Statistical Sequence recognition - ASR systems - Speaker identification and verification -Voice response system - Speech Synthesis: Text to speech, voice over IP.

L = 45 TOTAL = 45

TEXT BOOKS

Ben Gold and Nelson Morgan, "Speech and Audio Signal Processing", John Wiley and

Sons Inc., Singapore, 2004

Quatieri, "Discrete-time Speech Signal Processing", Prentice Hall - 2001

J.L.Flanagan, "Speech analysis: Synthesis and Perception", 2nd edition - Berlin- 1972

I.H.Witten, "Principles of Computer Speech", Academic Press - 1982


27/30

EM0559-Embedded wireless Sensor Networks

PURPOSETo make the student understand and apply the theory behind wireless sensor networks.

INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVESTo impart students with wireless sensor network fundamentals.

SYLLABUS CONTENTSINTRODUCTION

Embedded network systems - representation of signals - signal propagation - sensorprinciples.

COMMUNICATION

Source detection and identification - digital communications - multiple source estimation andmultiple access communications.

NETWORKING

Networking - network position and synchronization services.

NETWORK MANAGEMENTEnergy management - data management - articulation mobility and infrastructure.

NODES, DATA AND APPLICATIONNode architecture - network data integrity - experimental system design.

L = 45 TOTAL = 45

TEXT BOOKS

Gregory Pottie and William Waiger, "Principles of embedded networked system design",Cambridge University Press, 2005

Jr.Edger H. Callaway, "Wireless sensor networks", CRC Press, 2004


28/30

CO0554-Electromagnetic Interference and Compatibility in System Design

PURPOSEThe purpose of this course is to expose the students to the basics and fundamentals of

Electromagnetic Interference and Compatibility in System Design.

INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVESAt the end of the course, student should be able to know:

EMI Environment EMI Coupling Principles EMI Specification, Standards and Limits EMI Measurements and Control Techniques EMC Design of PCBs

SYLLABUS CONTENTS

EMI/ EMC concepts and definitions, Sources of EMI, conducted and radiated EMI, TransientEMI, Time domain Vs Frequency domain EMI, Units of measurement parameters, Emissionand immunity concepts, ESD.

Conducted, Radiated and Transient Coupling, Common Impedance Ground Coupling,

Radiated Common Mode and Ground Loop Coupling, Radiated Differential Mode Coupling,Near78 Field Cable to Cable Coupling, Power Mains and Power Supply coupling.

Civilian standards - FCC, CISPR, IEC, EN, Military standards - MIL STD 461D/462, EMI

Test Instruments/ Systems, EMI Shielded Chamber, Open Area Test Site, TEM Cell, Sensors/Injectors/ Couplers, Test beds for ESD and EFT.

Shielding, Filtering, Grounding, Bonding, Isolation Transformer, Transient Suppressors,Cable Routing, Signal Control, Component Selection and Mounting.

PCB Traces Cross Talk, Impedance Control, Power Distribution Decoupling, Zoning,

Motherboard Designs and Propagation Delay Performance Models.

L = 45 TOTAL = 45

TEXT BOOKS

V.P.Kodali, "Engineering EMC Principles, Measurements and Technologies", IEEEPress, 1996

Henry W.Ott, "Noise Reduction Techniques in Electronic Systems", John Wiley andSons, NewYork. 1988

C.R.Paul, "Introduction to Electromagnetic Compatibility", John Wiley and Sons, Inc,1992

Bernhard Keiser, "Principles of Electromagnetic Compatibility", Artech house, 3rd Ed,

1986


29/30

MA0515-Graph theory and optimization techniques

PURPOSEThis course is aimed at providing graph theory and optimization techniques for use in VLSI

design.

INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVESAt the end of this course the student will be able to know, graph theory basics, application of

it in optimization techniques.

SYLLABUS CONTENTSGraphs - Data structures for graphs - Subgraphs - Operations on Graphs Connectivity -

Networks and the maximum flow - Minimum cut theorem - Trees - Spanning trees - Rootedtrees - Matrix representation of graphs.

Eulerian graphs and Hamiltonian graphs - Standard theorems - Planar graphs - Euler's

formula - Five colour theorem - Coloring of graphs - Chromatic number (vertex and edge)properties and examples - Directed graphs

Computer Representation of graphs - Basic graph algorithms - Minimal spanning treealgorithm - Kruskal and Prim's algorithm - Shortest path algorithms - Dijsktra's algorithm -

DFS and BFS algorithms.

Single variable and multivariable optimization - Lagrangian method - Kuhn-Tuckerconditions - Random pattern and Random search methods.

Classification -Techniques of unconstrained minimization - Scaling of Design variables -

Direct search methods - Random jumping method - Grid search method - Univariate method -Hook and Jeeve's method - Newton - Raphson method - Fibonacci method.

L = 45 TOTAL = 45

TEXT BOOKS

Narsingh Deo, "Graph Theory with Applications to Engineering and Computer Science,"

PHI

Rao S.S., "Engineering Optimization: Theory and Practice", New Age International Pvt.Ltd., 3rd Edition1998


30/30

VL0509-ASIC Design

PURPOSEAs VLSI implementation is largely in ASIC this subject is introduced here.

INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVESTo make the student learn, Fundamentals of ASIC, its design methods

SYLLABUS CONTENTSTypes of ASICs - Design flow - CMOS transistors CMOS Design rules - Combinational

Logic Cell - Sequential logic cell - Data path logic cell - Transistors as Resistors - TransistorParasitic Capacitance- Logical effort -Library cell design - Library architecture .

Anti fuse - static RAM - EPROM and EEPROM technology - PREP benchmarks - Actel

ACT - Xilinx LCA -Altera FLEX - Altera MAX DC & AC inputs and outputs - Clock &Power inputs - Xilinx I/O blocks.

Actel ACT -Xilinx LCA - Xilinx EPLD - Altera MAX 5000 and 7000 - Altera MAX 9000 -

Altera FLEX -Design systems - Logic Synthesis - Half gate ASIC -Schematic entry - Lowlevel design language - PLA tools -EDIF- CFI design representation.

ASIC Construction: Physical Design- System Partitioning- FPGA Partitioning- PartitioningMethods. Floorplanning and Placement: Floorplanning- Placement- Physical Design Flow.

Routing: Global Routing - Detailed Routing- Special Routing. Design checks

Planar subset problem(PSP) -single layer global routing single layer detailed routing wirelength and bend minimization technique-over the cell(OTC) Routing-multichip

modules(MCM)-Programmable logic arrays-Transistor chaining-Weinberger Arrays-GateMatrix Layout-1D compaction-2D compaction

L = 45 T = 15 TOTAL = 60

TEXT BOOKS

M.J.S .Smith, "Application Specific Integrated Circuits, Addison -Wesley Longman Inc.,

1997

Farzad Nekoogar and Faranak Nekoogar, "From ASICs to SOCs: A Practical Approach",Prentice Hall PTR, 2003

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