FACULTY OF SCIENCE & HUMANITIES SRM UNIVERSITY (Established U/S 3 of UGC ACT,1956) Kattankulathur - 603 203, Kanchipuram Dt., Tamil Nadu, INDIA FIRST SEMESTER S.No. Subject 1. English – 1 2. Second Language – 1 (Tamil, Hindi and French) 3. Molecular Cell Biology 4. Chemistry 5. Practical – 1 Molecular Cell Biology 6. Practical – 2 Chemistry LANGUAGES I & II COMMON FOR ALL UG MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY Unit-1 Cell-dynamic nature- molecules of life- cell architecture- types of cells- tissues and formation Unit-2 Biomembranes- transport across cell membranes- sub cellular organization of eukaryotic cells- microscopy- cell architecture. Unit-3 Genetic code- nucleic acids(structure and synthesis) – DNA replication, repair and recombination- protein secretion, sorting, folding, modification and degradation. Unit-4 Chromosomes- structure- genes- transcription and regulation in bacteria and eukaryotic cell- RNA editing- post transcriptional control – regulation of gene expression – viruses and gene expression – nuclear-cytoplasmic interaction. Unit-5 Molecular aspects of cell division and cell cycle – cellular energetic – cell motility – cell-to-cell signaling – hormones and receptors.
Transcript
FACULTY OF SCIENCE & HUMANITIES SRM UNIVERSITY
(Established U/S 3 of UGC ACT,1956) Kattankulathur - 603 203, Kanchipuram Dt., Tamil Nadu, INDIA
FIRST SEMESTER
S.No. Subject 1. English – 1 2. Second Language – 1 (Tamil, Hindi and French) 3. Molecular Cell Biology 4. Chemistry 5. Practical – 1 Molecular Cell Biology 6. Practical – 2 Chemistry
LANGUAGES I & II COMMON FOR ALL UG
MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY
Unit-1
Cell-dynamic nature- molecules of life- cell architecture- types of cells- tissues and formation
Unit-2
Biomembranes- transport across cell membranes- sub cellular organization of eukaryotic cells- microscopy- cell architecture.
Unit-3
Genetic code- nucleic acids(structure and synthesis) – DNA replication, repair and recombination- protein secretion, sorting, folding, modification and degradation.
Unit-4
Chromosomes- structure- genes- transcription and regulation in bacteria and eukaryotic cell- RNA editing- post transcriptional control – regulation of gene expression – viruses and gene expression – nuclear-cytoplasmic interaction.
Unit-5
Molecular aspects of cell division and cell cycle – cellular energetic – cell motility – cell-to-cell signaling – hormones and receptors.
Reference Books
1. Cell and Molecular Biology,3rd edition, Philip Sheeler, Donald E. Bianchi, John wiley and Sons Inc.
2. Molecular Biology of Cell, Alberts B. et al.,1994. Garlanding Publishers, Newyork. 3. Molecular Biology by Lodish et al., 2000. Fourth Edition, W. H Freeman & Co. 4. Molecular Cell Biology, Stephen L. Wolfe, 1996. Wadsworth publishing Company.
PRACTICAL -1: MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
Microscopy – enumeration of RBC and WBC – differential leukocyte count – hemoglobin estimation – salivary gland preparation from Chironomous larva – mitosis and meisosis preparation – enumeration of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell – Buccal smear preparation – cellular fractions (nucleus and mitochondria).
CHEMISTRY
Unit – 1
Structure of atoms: Dalton’s atomic theory – subatomic particles – concepts of atoms and molecules – symbols for elements – electronic configuration of atoms – isotopes – shapes of atomic orbitals – periodical table – periodic classification – periodicity – valency – chemical bond.
Unit-2
Materials on earth: Properties of gas, liquid, solid, compound, mixtures, solutions, colloids, suspension- acids, bases and salts – conductors and non-conductors.
Unit-3
Changes around us: slow and fast changes – reversible and irreversible reactions – exothermic and endothermic reactions – condition of chemical reactions – types of chemical reactions – mole concept and stoichiometry in chemical reaction – technique used to determine chemical reactions.
Unit-4
Organic chemistry and energy: organic compounds – classification – functional groups – aromatic, aliphatic, hetrocyclic compounds – alkanes in gasoline – fuel from biogas, coal, hydrogen.
Unit-5
Chemistry in living world: physical and chemical properties of amino acids and proteins – properties and kinetics of enzymes – bioenergetics – thermodynamics.
Reference Books
1. Lee, J.D. 2001 Inorganic chemistry. Blackwell science, 2. Negi A.S and Anand. 2001. A text book of physical chemistry. Taj press. 3. Sony, P.L 2000. A text book inorganic chemistry, Sultan Chand and Sons. 4. Mathews, P.1996 Advanced chemistry, Cambridge University Press 5. Voet , D. and Voet, JG.2004 Biochemistry, 4thEdition, John Willey & Sons, Inc
(Established U/S 3 of UGC ACT,1956) Kattankulathur - 603 203, Kanchipuram Dt., Tamil Nadu, INDIA
SECOND SEMESTER
S.No. Subject 1. English – 2 2. Second Language – 2 (Tamil, Hindi and French) 3. Microbiology 4. Biochemistry 5. Practical – 3 Microbiology 6. Practical -4 Biochemistry
LANGUAGES I & II COMMON FOR ALL UG
MICROBIOLOGY
Unit-1
Microbiology ( definition, history and scope ) – Prokaryotes and eukaryotes – microbes (viruses, bacteria, algae, fungi, protozoa) – structure – functions of microbial cellular compounds – microbial cellular components – microbial growth and nutrition – microbial media and culture.
Unit-2
Principles & classification of microbes – binomial nomenclature – sterilization and disinfection – stain and staining methods – methods and microbial identification.
Unit-3
Environmental microbiology – role of microbes in the ecosystems – role of microbes in food production – dairy – non-dairy products – fermented foods – alcoholic beverages – single cell protein – Biofuel
Unit-4
Medical microbiology – Pathogenic microbes – diseases (bacterial, viral, fungal and protozoan) – pathogenesis, lab diagnosis, prevention and control – Pharmaceuticals(antibiotics, vaccines, etc,) – biofertilizers – blue green algae – biopesticides(Bacillus thuringiensis) – biopolymers – biosurfactants.
Unit-5
Industrial microbiology – industrial uses of microbes – fermentation products – bioconversions – products of industrial microbiology – Streptomyces, Yeast Saccharomyces – Spirulina and Penicillium.
Reference Books
1. Microbiology – Pelezar, chan, Krieg Tata McGraw Hill Publications. 2. Microbiology – concepts and application by Paul A. Ketchum, Wiley
publications. 3. Fundaments of Microbiology – Frobisher, Sauders & toppan publications. 4. Microbiology – Ronald M. Atlas. 5. Introductory Biotechnology – R.B. Singh C.B.D India(1990) 6. Industrial Microbiology – casidal. E.Wiley Eastern Ltd. 7. Fundamentals of Biotechnology – Salley 8. Frontiers in Microbial technology – P.S.Bisen, CBS Publishers 9. Biotechnology: International Trends of perspectives A.T.Bull, G.Holl M.D.Lilly
Sterilization techniques – demonstration of microbial culture – Micrometry – wet preparation – Hay infusion broth – hanging drop – simple staining - -diffrential staining – capsular staining – spore staining – inoculation techniques – pour plate – spread plate – dilution techniques – biochemical tests for bacterial identification – catalase test – oxidase test – IMVIC test – TSI testy – Gelatin liquefaction – starch degradation – carbohydrate fermentation – viable bacteria – haemocytometer – morphological identification of fungi.
BIOCHEMISTRY
Unit-1
Carbohydrates, Lipids and Proteins structure and properties
Unit-2
Prophyrins and metalloprophyrins classification, structure and biochemical properties – haeme – Chlorophylls – vitamins – hormone.
Unit-3
Principles of bioenergetics – metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, proteins, purines and pyramidines – their biosynthesis and degradation – mechanism of oxidative phosporylation and photoposporylation – their inhibitors.
Unit-4
Prostaglandins – Leukotrines – thromboxanes , interferons and interleukins – antibodies – plant and animal pigments.
Unit-5
Molecular separation : chromatography – electrophoresis – immunoelectrophoresis – high voltage electrophoresis – isoelectric focusing – isolation methods : centrifugation – ultra-centrifugation – density gradient centrifugation.
Reference Books
1. Principles of Biochemistry – Albert L. Lehninger CBS Publishers & Distributors 2. Biochemistry – Lubert stryer Freeman International Edition. 3. Biochemistry – Keshav Trehan Wiley Eastern Publications. 4. Fundamentals of Biochemistry- J.L.Jain S.Chand and Company. 5. Biochemistry – Prasaranga, Bangalore University. 6. Fundamentals of Biochemistry – Dr.A.C.Deb 7. Textbook of Organic Chemistry (A Modern Approach) 8. The Biochemistry of Nucleic acid – Tenth Edition – Rogen L.P.Adams, John T.
Knowler and David P.Leader, Chapman and Hall Publications.
PRACTICAL – 4 BIOCHEMISTRY
Volumetric analyses: estimation of glycine( fonnel titration) – glucose ( Benedict’s method) ascorbic acid ( dichlorophenol indophenols as link solution)
Qualitative analyses: carbohydrates (glucose, fructose, lactose, maltose and sucrose) – amino acids ( arginine, cysteine, tryptophan and tyrosine)
Quantitative analyses: colorimetric estimation of glucose (orthotoludine method) – phosphorous ( Fiske and Subba Rao method)
Separation of amino acids by paper chromatography.
FACULTY OF SCIENCE & HUMANITIES SRM UNIVERSITY
(Established U/S 3 of UGC ACT,1956) Kattankulathur - 603 203, Kanchipuram Dt., Tamil Nadu, INDIA
Classical genetics – Mendelian Laws – mono and dihybrid inheritance – Pedigree analysis – Chromosome structure and organization in pro and eukaryotes.
Unit – 2
Multiple alleles and blood group antigens – sex chromosomes – sex linked inherited disorders – X linked recessive and dominant inheritance – gender defective phenotypes.
Unit – 3
Mutation- Definition, types of mutations – Mutagens-Physical, chemical and biological mutagens – Biological repair mechanisms of mutations – Direct reversal of damage, Photo reactivation, Excision repair, Mismatch repair and SOS repair mechanism – Recombination – Holliday model.
Unit – 4
Linkage – Crossing over – genetic mapping of chromosomes – Identification of genetic material – experimental proofs by Hershey Chase – Avery McLeod
Unit – 5
Genetic recombination in bacteria – conjugation – transduction and transformation – Population genetics.
Reference Books
1. Principles of Genetics by Gardener, Simmom & Snustad,1991. 2. Genetics by U.Goodenough, 1984, CBS College, publishing, Holt, Rinebart and
Winston. 3. Basic Human Genetics by Elaine Johanson Mange, Arthur P Mange, Sinaruer
Associates, Inc, 2nd edition. 4. Modern genetic analysis by Anthony J F Griffith et al., W. H. Freeman &
Company. 5. The Science of genetics by Atherly, Girton, McDonald, Saunders College
publishing.
PRACTICAL – 4 MOLECULAR GENETICS
Culture medium preparation and culture of Drosophila – methods and maintenance – identification of species and mutants – mitotic stages of onion root tip – meiotic stages of Cockroach tests – giant Chromosomes from Chironomous larvae/Drosophila salivary grands – isolation of induced and spontaneous bacterial mutants – replica and gradient plate techniques.
BIOINSTRUMENTATION
Unit – 1
Centrifugation: Basic principles of Sedimentation, Centrifuge and their uses, Preparative and Analytical centrifuges and their applications, Differential and Density gradient centrifugation. Analysis of sub cellular fractions, Assessment of purity and determination of relative molecular mass.
Unit – 2
Chromatography: Distribution coefficient, Modes of Chromatography, Column chromatography, Adsorption chromatography, Partition chromatography, Paper chramarography, TLC, Molecular sieve chromatography, Ion exchange chromatography, Affinity chromatography, HPLC, FPLC, Reverse phase chromatography.
Unit – 3
Spectroscopy: Basic laws of light absorption – Beer Lambert’s law, properties of electromagnetic radiation, Principles of spectroscopy, UV and visible light Spectroscopy, Nephleometry, Atomic spectroscopy, Atomic flame spectroscopy, Infrared and Raman Spectroscopy, Electron spin resonance spectroscopy, Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, Mass spectroscopy.
Unit – 4
Radiation Biology: Measurement of radioactivity, GM counter, Liquid and Solid Scintilation counter, Radioactive tracer technique, Audioradiography, Cerenkov counting, Safety aspects, Application of radioactive isotopes in biology.
Unit – 5
General principles of electrophoresis, Electrophoresis of proteins – SDS-PAGE, Isoelectric focusing, 2-D gel electrophoresis, Electrophoresis of nucleic acids( DNA and RNA) – Agarose gel electrophoresis, Blotting techniques.
Reference Books
1. Elementary organic absorption spectroscopy – Y.R.Sharma 2. Spectrometric identification of organic compounds – Robert, M. Silverstein 3. Principles of Instrumental analysis – D.ASkoog, and J.J.Leary 4. Principles of Analytical Biochemistry – Wilson and Walker 5. Principles of Analytical Biochemistry – Wilson and Goulding 6. Practical Biochemistry – Plummer 7. Chromatography – Srivatsava and Srivatsava 8. Principles of Analytical Biochemistry – Wilson and Rapley
BIOPROCESS TECHNOLOGY
Unit – 1
An introduction to fermentation process:
History and scope of bioprocess technology – The component parts of a fermentation process – Mode of operation – batch, fed batch, semi continuous - General account on the construction and function of a fermentor and its accessories – Microbial growth kinetics.
Unit – 2
Development of Industrial fermentation process:
Isolation, preservation and screening ( primary and secondary) of industrially important microorganisms – Fermentation media employed inoculum preparartion scale-up of fermentation process.
Unit – 3
Industrial microbial processes:
Production of organic acid( citric acid, acetic acid ), antibiotics(pencillin and streptomycin), alcohol(ethanol), malt beverages, enzymes(amylases and proteolytic enzymes), biopolymers, recombinant products – insulin and hepatitis B.
Unit – 4
Biofertilizers and biopesticides:
Biofertilizers- manufacture, formulation and utilization – Biopesticides- Bacillus thuringiensis.
Unit – 5
Downstream processing:
Removal of microbial cells and other solid matter – cell disruption-physical and chemical methods – Product recovery, concentration and purification – ammonium sulfate precipitation, chromatographic techniques, crystallization.
Reference Books
1. Principles of fermentation technology – P.F.Stanbery and A.Whittaker(1984) 2. Industrial microbiology – Casida(1997) 3. Fermentation microbiology and biotechnology – El-Mans, E.M.T and Bryce,
CFA(2002) Taylor and francis group. 4. Industrial microbiology – A.H.Patel
PRACTICAL – 6 BIOPROCESS TECHNOLOGY
Fermentor ( parts and design ) – types of fermentors/bioreactors – Production of biomass and its estimation – isolation and characterization of microbes involved in biodegradation( cellulolytic) – determination of cellulolytic activity by DNS method – isolation and characterization of microbes involved in biodegradation( amylolytic) – determination of amylolytic activity – compost making – production of wine from grapes using baker yeast – production of alcohol by Saccharomyces cerevisiae - isolation of Rhizobial colonies involved in biofertilization – isolation of lactic acid and bacteria.
FACULTY OF SCIENCE & HUMANITIES SRM UNIVERSITY
(Established U/S 3 of UGC ACT,1956) Kattankulathur - 603 203, Kanchipuram Dt., Tamil Nadu, INDIA
FOURTH SEMESTER
S.No Subject 1. Enzymology and Enzyme technology 2. Genetic Engineering 3. Biophysics and Biostatistics 4. Practical – 7 Enzymology and Enzyme technology 5. Practical – 8 Genetic Engineering
ENZYMOLOGY AND ENZYME TECHNOLOGY
Unit – 1
Introduction:
Enzyme nomenclature and classification-general and IUB. General properties of enzymes- colloidal nature- catalytic nature- specificity of enzyme action-thermolability- reversibility of a reaction – pH sensitivity – Mechanism of enzyme action- activation energy- active site- lock and key model- Koschland fit model – progress curve of enzyme catalysed reaction.
Unit – 2
Enzyme Kinetics
Kinetics of uncatalysed chemical reactions( first order) – kinetics of enzyme catalysed reaction-steady state kinetics. Relationship between initial velocity and substrate concentration – Derivation of Henri and Michaelis-Menton equations. Significance of Km- Kcat- determination of Km value.
Unit – 3
Enzyme inhibition and Kinetics
Enzyme inhibitors – reversible and irreversible inhibitors – diagnostic plots for competitive – uncompetitive – non competitive inhibitors – determination of Ki and Km in the presence of inhibitors – suicide inhibitors – allosteric and feedback inhibition.
Unit – 4
Coenzymes
Coenzymes and cofactors – apoenzymes – haloenzymes – classification of coenzymes – structure and function of coenzymes-NAD – FAD – PLP-=Co-A – Lipoic acid – deoxy adenosyl cobalamine.
Unit – 5
Enzyme technology
Physical and chemical techniques for enzyme immobilization- adsorption- entrapment- encapsulation- crosslinking- covalent binding – advantages and disadvantages of different immobilization techniques and its applications. Industrial uses of enzymes- applications of enzymes in food – pharmaceuticals and other industries – enzymes for analytical and diagnostic applications.
Reference Books
1. Understanding Enzymes – Palmer. 2. Biochemistry, L.Styrer, J.M.Berg, J.L.Tymoezko. Freeman and co. 3. Enzymes, Dixon and Webb. 4. Principles of Biochemistry, Lehninger, David.L.Nelson, M.M. Coxx, McMillan worth
publishers. 5. Enzymes, Boyer. 6. Biochemistry,J.L.Jain, S. Chand and Company CTD.
PRACTICAL – 7 ENZYMOLOGY AND ENZYME TECHNOLOGY
Isolation of an enzyme (phospholyase-D/asparaginase/nitrate reductase) from different sources (microbial and plant) – Purification of an enzyme – Gel filtration – Ion exchange chromatography , Enzyme activity assay – determination of enzyme kinetics – substrate concentration optimization of enzyme activity – temperature, pH and substrate etc., - Urease determination assay.
GENETIC ENGINEERING
Unit – 1
Introduction to recombinant DNA technology:
Milestones in rDNA technology – Tools used in r DNA technology- discovery of RE and its nomenclature and classification, ligase. DNA modifying enzymes-methylase, alkaline phosphatase-Klenow fragment of DNA polymerase, terminal transferase, reverse transcriptase and topoisomerase.
Unit – 2
Cloning vectors:
Prokaryotic vectors- plasmids as vectors, its biology and types- Bacteriophages as vectors- insertion and replacement vectors- Phagemid, Phasmid, Cosmid – Eukaryotic vectors- yeast cloning vectors, Ti plasmid, SV 40 and Gene transfer techniques – Physical method- heat shock, microinjection, electroporation, microprojectile and chemical method- transformation using calcium chloride.
Unit – 3
Cloning strategies:
Isolation of desired gene – Restriction digestion of DNA molecule – Ligation of DNA – adapters, linkers, homopolymer tailing – Selection of recombinants-antibiotic resistance, lacZ selection, immunochemical method, hybridization techniques (southern and northern), PCR-its variants (asymmetric, RT,Real time, nested, inverse), its applications.
Unit – 4
Plant and animal genetic engineering:
Plant genetic engineering: Developing insect resistance, disease resistance and herbicide resistant plants-Developing the quality of the crop – provitamin A rich in rice.
Animal genetic engineering : Cloning of Dolly, production of pharmaceuticals in genetically modified cattle, GM animals as models of human disease, Xenografting.
Unit – 5
Genetic engineering for human welfare:
Production of recombinant pharmaceuticals-insulin, growth hormone,vaccine,etc., Human gene therapy-ex vivo, in vivo therapy, viral gene delivery systems. Application of genetic engineering in forensic science- DNA fingerprinting – Human genome project.
Reference Books
1. Principles of gene manipulation, 3rd Edition by Old & Primrose, Publishers Business Service.
2. Recombinant DNA technology, 2ndEdition by J.D.Watson, M.Gilman, J.Witkowski & M.Zoller, Scientific American Books, NY.
3. Molecular Biotechnology, Glick and Pasternak, ASM Press, Washington. 4. Gene Biotechnology, Jogdand 5. Gene Cloning, T. A. Brown.
PRACTICAL – 8 GENETIC ENGINEERING
1. Isolation of genomic DNA from Bacteria. 2. Isolation of plasmid DNA by alkaline lysis method. 3. Elution of DNA from the agarose gel. 4. Agarose gel electrophoresis – SDS-PAGE. 5. Transformation – Calcium chloride method. 6. Selection of transformants – Ampicillin resistance selection. 7. Selection of transformants – lacZ selection. 8. Restriction analysis of DNA. 9. Ligation of restriction digested DNA. 10. Molecular weight determination of DNA. 11. Southern blotting.
Demonstration Experiments
12. Amplification of DNA by PCR. 13. Southern hybridization.
BIOPHYSICS AND BIOSTATISTICS
BIOPHYSICS
Unit – 1
Scope and methods of biophysics – levels of molecular organization – detailed structure of protein molecules at primary, secondary, teritiary and quantinery levels.
Unit – 2
Analysis of protein-protein interaction and protein-nucleic acid interactions – structure and chemical nature of polysaccharides.
BIOSTATISTICS
Unit - 3
Stastics: Collection, classification, tabulation of classical data – diagrammatic representation – graps – plotted curve – sampling methods – standard errors – random sampling – means – confidence limits – variance.
Unit – 4
Measures of central tendency – measures of dispension – skewness – kurtosis – moments – correlation – regression.
Unit – 5
Probability distributions – binomial and negative distributions – compound and multinational distributions - tests of significance – T and F tests – ANOVA – spread sheets – data entry – graphics display – word processes.
Reference Books
1. Creighton T.E(2002), Protein structure and molecular properties, W.H.Freeman & Company.
2. Gupta, S.P (1997) Biostastical Methods, S.Chand and sons.
FACULTY OF SCIENCE & HUMANITIES SRM UNIVERSITY
(Established U/S 3 of UGC ACT,1956) Kattankulathur - 603 203, Kanchipuram Dt., Tamil Nadu, INDIA
FIFTH SEMESTER
S.NO SU BJECT 1. Immunology 2. Plant and Animal Biotechnology 3. Bioinformatics 4. Pra ctical – 9 Plant and Animal
Biotechnology 5. Practical – 10 Immunology
PLANT AND ANIMAL BIOTECHNOLOGY
PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY
Unit – 1
Plant genomic organization – nuclear and organelle genomes – Arabidopsis thaliana – a model plant for genome analysis – Genomic studies in maize.
Unit – 2
Plant tissue culture – basic of plant tissue culture, plant hormones and pigment receptors, callus induction, organogenesis, embryogenesis, somatic embryogenesis, micropropagation, somaclonal variation, artificial seeds and embryo rescue, plant cell culture, secondary metabolites production and uses.
Unit – 3
Plant genetic engineering – gene transfer methods – plant cloning vectors, Agrobacterium technology, Nitrogen fixation – Molecular biology, Inducible gene expression in plants – the promoter systems ( cis & trans constructs ), Applications of plant biotechnology. Techniques in crop improvement, molecular breeding, commercialization of plant biotechnology, plant pharmaceuticals, Plant cell bioreactors – Bt cotton, Bt corn, Golden rice, Genetic Use Restriction Technology – terminator seeds.
ANIMAL BIOTECHNOLOGY
Unit - 4
Animal genomes – Human genome project – Animal breeding and molecular farming. Assisted reproduction techniques – Artificial insemination, in vitro fertilization and embryo implantation, germplasm preservation, methods of cryopreservation, Animal cloning – case studies, ploidy manipulation, Animal transgenesis-methods and applications. Prenatal diagnosis and gene therapy. Applications of animal biotechnology.
Unit – 5
Animal cell culture – materials and methods, animal cell lines, biology of cultured cell lines – stem cell research -the concept, methods and applications. Organ culture, tissue engineering and transplantation. Pharmaceuticals from animal systems – humanized pharmaceuticals. Animal cell bioreactors, Animal systems as bioreactors – fish, silkworm & mammalian systems.
Reference Books
1. Plant Molecular Biology – Grierson and S N Covey, Blackie, 1988. 2. Plant Biotechnology – S Ignacimuthu, S J Oxford and IBH, New Delhi,1996. 3. Applied Biotechnology and Plant Genetics – M Sudhir, Domain publishers &
distributors, 2000 4. Plant Biotechnology: Recent Advances – P C Trivedi, Panima publishing
corporation, 2000 5. Inducible gene expression in plants - Reynolds, P H S (Ed), Cabi publishing, UK,
1999. 6. Applied Plant Biotechnology – Ignacimuthu, Tata McGraw – Hill, 1996 7. Recombinant DNA and Biotechnology: A guide for teachers, 2ndedition – H
Kreuzer & A Massey, ASM Press, Washington, 2001. 8. Molecular biology and Biotechnology, 3rd edition– J M Walker & E B Gingold,
Panima publishing corporation, 1999. 9. Animal cell Biotechnology: Methods and protocols – Nigel Jenkins (Ed), Humana
press, New Jersy, 1999. 10. Recombinant DNA (2nd edition) – J S Watson, M Gillman, J Witknowski and M
Zoller, Scientific American Books, NY , 1992.
Practicals:
1. Basic techniques in plant tissue culture – asceptic conditions, preparation of MS medium surface sterilization, callus induction studies, organogenesis etc…
2. Isolation of genomic DNA , organelle DNA isolation. 3. Isolation of RNA from plant leaf tissue. 4. Isolation of plant protoplasts and fusion ( polyethylene glycol) 5. Agrobacterium based tumor induction 6. Preparation of animal cell culture medium. 7. Preparation of single cell suspensions from animal tissue – cell counting, cell
Historical perspectives and overview of immune system – introduction to immune system – innate immunity, acquired immunity – cells of immune system – lymphoid organs – structure, functions – Antigens – types, structure and properties – Antibodies- structure – types – function of immunoglobulins. B-cells and T-cell maturation and activation – antigen presenting cells –major histo-compatability complex – class 1 & 2.
Unit – 2
Antigen-antibody reactions – types – Invitro methods – agglutination – precipitation – ELISA – RIA – IF – HA & HI –CFT – blood grouping and Rh typing – Invivo methods – Skin tests- immune complex tissue demonstrations.
Complement – structure -properties – functions of complement components and pathways.
Production and isolation of various bacterial and viral antigen – purification of antigen – Adjuvants and haptens – Toxins – toxoids – antitoxins- production and purification of antitoxins and toxoids.
Unit – 5
Hybridoma technology – monoclonal antibodies production – significance and applications – Vaccines – types – live attenuated vaccines, killed vaccines, purified polysaccharide vaccines – toxoid vaccines – recombinant vaccines and DNA vaccines.
Reference Books
1. Kuby Immunology – Richard A. Goldsby, Thomas J. Kindt, Barbara A. Osborne. 4thedition,1999
1. Blood smear preparation. 2. RBC and WBC enumeration. 3. Total count and differential count. 4. Blood grouping and Rh typing. 5. Separation of Lymphocytes from blood. 6. Ochterlony double immunodiffusion 7. Agarose gel immunodiffusion and counter Immunodiffusion. 8. Immunoelectrophoresis and serum electrophoresis. 9. Single radial immunodiffusion. 10. CRP test. 11. RPR test 12. Widal test 13. ELISA – dot ELISA, sandwich ELISA. 14. Demonstration of detection of Hbs Ag by ELISA.
BIOINFORMATICS
Unit – 1
Introduction to Bioinformatics:
Definition – scope of Bioinformatics – Role of computers – use of computers in prediction of structure of DNA – protein and RNA – structure prediction – basic string definitions – edit distance – introduction to database – architecture of databases.
Unit – 2
Database concepts
Database models-E. F. Cold’s Rules- object oriented models- DBMS and RDBMS-advantage of RDBMS over DBMS- normalization – Oracle datatypes- Introduction to SQL-DDL-DML-TCL commands- joins- constraints-not nill – primary key - unique key, foreign key – grant and revoke privilege commands.
Unit – 3
Biological databases:
Database in molecular biology-pubmed-primary-derived databases- sequencing databases – DNA and protein sequencing – Genbank –Swissprot. Derived databases-Pfam-BLOCKS. Structure databases-PDB and NDB. Derived databases-SCOP-PALI-CATH. Substitution matrices.
Unit – 4
Sequence alignment:
Pairwise sequence comparism – dot matrix – Needleman Wunsch method – Gotoh method – Smith waterman algorithm – Hash coding algorithm- gap penalties-Dynamic programming – BLAST- FASTA alignment- multiple sequence alignment- family and super family representation-SP alignment- phylogenetic analysis – phylogenetic trees – phylogenetic alignment.
Unit – 5
Applications of Bioinformatics:
RNA structure prediction and analysis – gene expression analysis – gene prediction – protein structure prediction – 2D and 3D structure prediction – drug designing and analysis – molecular docking – pharmacophore designing – future perspectives.
Reference Books
1. Michel Abbey and Michel J Correy, ORACLE 8-a Beginner’s guide,1997. 2. David Mount, Bioinformatics- sequence and structure analysis. 3. Dan Gusfield, Algorithms on string, trees and sequences, Cambridge University
press, USA, 1997. 4. Bauxevanis, A.D and Ouelette, Francis, B.F. Bioinformatics-a Practical guide to
analysis of genes and proteins, John Wiley and sons, NY,1998.
FACULTY OF SCIENCE & HUMANITIES
SRM UNIVERSITY (Established U/S 3 of UGC ACT,1956)
Kattankulathur - 603 203, Kanchipuram Dt., Tamil Nadu, INDIA
SIXTH SEMESTER
S.No. Subject 1. Genomics and Proteomics 2. Medical Biotechnology 3. Nanotechnology 4. Practical – 11 Genomics and Proteomics 5. Mini- project
GENOMICS AND PROTEOMICS
Unit – 1
Genomic and c DNA sequence: gene prediction rules – gene prediction softwares – human and Arabidopsis genome projects – mutations
Unit – 2
Gene therapy – analysis of genome and proteomic information with respect to biological systems. – applications of genome – transgenic animals and plants – pathway regulatory networks – drug design – discovery and identification – new drugs synthesis – management of diverse chemical libraries.
Unit – 3
Gene expression – microarrays – recent developments in expression analysis – oncogenes- proto-oncogenes – classification of cancer types – application of microarrays in drug toxicity testing and metabolic pathways.
Unit – 4
Protein and deduced nucleic acid sequence analysis – sequence alignment methods – proteomics – MALDI-TOF – 2D gel – antibody array.
Unit – 5
Protein databases – comparison of protein sequences – database searching – methods of protein structure prediction – conserved region in protein sequences – comparison of protein 3D structures – prediction function of proteins using sequences data.
Reference Books
1. Pennington, S. R and Punn, M.J. 2002. Proteomics: from protein sequence to function. Viva books (p) Ltd.
2. Maleolm and Goodship. J. 2001. Genotype to Phenotype, 2nd edition. Bios Scientific Publishers Ltd.
3. Misener, S. and Krawetz, S.A . 2000. Bioinformatics: Methods and protocols. Humana press.
4. Attwood, T. K. and Parry-Smith, D. J. Introduction to Bioinformatics. Pearson Education Asia.
5. Primrose, S. B. 1998. Principle of genome analysis. 2ndedition. Blackwell Science.
PRACTICAL – 9 - GENOMICS AND PROTEOMICS
Sequence translation – sequence search by using gene accession numbers. Sequence homology search – BLAST – FASTA – Psi – Pair wise and multiple sequence check – using Clustal and CINEMA – ORF finder.
MEDICAL BIOTECHNOLOGY
Unit – 1
Basic principles of biotechnology – manipulation of reproductive process – artificial insemination – freezing of semen – embryo technology – in vitro maturation and fertilization – pregnancy diagnosis – assisted reproductive technology – cloning strategies – transgenic animals.
Unit – 2
Historical aspects of Medical biotechnology – pathogenic microbes – bacterial, fungal,viral and protozoan diseases – diagnosis using modern techniques – probes – cure, control and prevention.
Unit – 3
Health, disease, diagnosis: Hybridoma technique – Monoclonalantibodies – application of probes for diagnosis of existing and emerging diseases in animal and humans.
Unit – 4
Vaccine – Production of recombinant vaccines – bacterial, viral or parasitic infections – DNA vaccines – synthetic peptides – anti idiotypes – deletion mutant and vaccinia vectored vaccine – prophylaxis.
Unit – 5
Gentic engineering of microorganisms – recombinant DNA – DNA and RNA probes – monoclines – diagnosis – animal cell culture – maintenance and culture of primary, secondary and continuous cell lines – application.
Reference Books
1. Jogdand, S. N. 2000. Medical Biotechnology, Himalaya Publishing house, Mumbai.
2. Click, B. R. and Pasternak. 2002. Molecular Biotechnology: Principle and applications of recombinant DNA. ASM Press.
3. Ramasamy, P.2002. Trends in Biotechnology, University of Madras, Pearl press. 4. Trevan. 2001. Biotechnology. Tata McGraw-Hill. 5. Jenkins, N (Ed)1999. Animal cell biotechnology: Methods and Protocols. Humana
press, New Jersy.
NANOTECHNOLOGY
Unit – 1 Introduction for Nanotechnology – From biotechnology to bionanotechnology – Bionanomachines in action – Modern biomaterials (Nucleic acids, Lipids and Proteins) and natural biomolecules. Unit – 2 Biomolecular design and Biotechnology – Site directed mutagenesis – Biomolecular structure determination – X-ray crystallography, NMR Spectroscopy, Electron microscopy – Computer modeling is used to predict biomolecular structure and function.
Unit – 3 Structural principles of Bionanotechnology – Natural Bionanomachinery is designed for a specific environment – Biomolecular structure and stability – Biosensors – Antibodies are widely used as biosensors – Biosensors detect glucose levels for management of diabetes – Engineered nanopores detect specific DNA sequences.
Unit – 4 Functional principles of bionanotechnology – Information- driven nanoassembly – Nucleic acids carry genetic information – Ribosome construct proteins – Regulation of protein activity – allosteric motions, covalent modification – Biomolecular sensing.
Unit – 5 Nanomedicine today – Computer-aided drug design has produced effective anti-AIDS drugs – Immunotoxins are targeted cell killers – Drugs may be delivered with Liposomes – Artificial blood saves cells – Gene therapy – correct genetic defects – General medicine is changing into personalized medicine. Reference Books
1. Bionanotechnology, David. S. Goodsell – John Wiley inc., publications.
FACULTY OF SCIENCE & HUMANITIES SRM UNIVERSITY
(Established U/S 3 of UGC ACT,1956) Kattankulathur - 603 203, Kanchipuram Dt., Tamil Nadu, INDIA
M.SC- BIOTECHNOLOGY – SYLLABUS (With Effect from Academic Year 2008-2009)
DEPARTMENT OF BIOTECHNOLOGY FACULTY OF SCIENCE & HUMANITIES
SRM UNIVERSITY (Established U/S 3 of UGC ACT,1956)
Kattankulathur - 603 203, Kanchipuram Dt., Tamil Nadu, INDIA
FACULTY OF SCIENCE & HUMANITIES SRM UNIVERSITY
(Established U/S 3 of UGC ACT,1956) Kattankulathur - 603 203, Kanchipuram Dt., Tamil Nadu, INDIA
DEPARTMENT OF BIOTECHNOLOGY
REGULATIONS
SEMESTER PATTERN
(Effective from the academic year 2008 – 2009)
1. AIM OF THE COURSE
The courses strive to inculcate job-oriented value based quality education with basic knowledge in Science. At the end of the courses, the students will be well-versed with excellent standards, particularly in core subjects, blended with discipline and impart quality in co-curricular and extra curricular activities.
2. ELIGIBILITY FOR ADMISSION
Candidates for admission to the first year of the Under Graduate Degree courses shall be required to have passed the Higher Secondary Examinations, accepted as equivalent with Biology as one subject.
3. ELIGIBILITY FOR THE AWARD OF DEGREE
A candidates shall be eligible for the award of the degree only if he/she has undergone the prescribed course of study in the University for a period of not less than three academic years, passed the examination all the six semesters.
A student shall be declared to be eligible for the award of any Under Graduate course provided,
a) The student has successfully completed the course requirements and has passed all the prescribed examination in all the three years within a maximum period of 5 years reckoned from the commencement of the first year to which the candidate was admitted.
b) No disciplinary action is appending against the student.
4. COURSE DURATION
The Duration of the course is three academic years, consist six semesters.
a) A student admitted under regular system with Higher Secondary Certificate is ordinarily expected to complete the Under Graduate Degree Programme in 3 academic years but in any case not more than 5 years after admission to the programme.
b) Each academic year shall be divided into two semesters. The first academic year shall comprise the first and second semesters, the second academic year the third and fourth semesters and the third academic year the fifth and sixth semesters respectively.
c) The odd semesters shall consist of the period from June to November of each year and the even semesters from December to April of each year. There shall be not less than 90 working days for each semester.
5. COURSE OF STUDY
The main subjects of study for Under Graduate Degree Course shall consist of the following.
1.Foundation Courses: The course shall comprise the study of,
a) Part-I Tamil/Hindi/French/Sanskrit
b) Part-II English
2. Core Courses :
a) Main Subject
b) Allied Subjects
6. REQUIREMENTS FOR COMPLETION OF AN ACADEMIC YEAR
A Candidate who has fulfilled the following conditions shall be deemed to have satisfied the requirements for completion of an academic year.
a) He/She secures not less than 75% attendances individual course in that year taking in to account the total number of periods in that course offered during that academic year. Condonation of attendance up tot 10% is permitted on medical grounds. Relaxation in attendance is permitted up tot 10% for students who represent the University in sports, games, cultural, symposium and other similar activities. The above two relaxations either individually or jointly should not exceed 10% but it is applicable for individual course.
b) He/She earns a progress certificate from the Head of the Institution for having satisfactorily completed all the courses pertaining to that year, as judged by the internal assessment.
c) His/Her conduct has been satisfactory throughout the academic year.
d) Condonation should be applied for, through proper channel and should be approved by the Vice-Chancellor.
e) A Candidate who is not permitted to appear for the University examinations due to lack of attendance requirements will have to reregister and do the courses when they are affered subsequently.
7. PASSING MINIMUM
A Candidate shall be declared to have passed in foundation courses(applicable only to UG courses) and in each paper/practical of the main subject of study wherever prescribed, if he/she secures NOT LESS THAN 40% of the total marks prescribed to UG courses and 50% of the total marks prescribed to PG course. He/She shall be declared to have passed the whole examination, if he/she passes in all the papers and practicals in internal and external separately.
8. CLASSIFICATION OF SUCCESSFUL CANDIDATES
a) Core Course ( consist of (a) Main subject (b) Allied subjects (c) Application Oriented subjects related to the main subject of study and practical etc. if any).
Successful candidates passing the examinations for core courses together and securing the marks (i) 60 percent and above, (ii) below 60% percent in the aggregate shall be declared to have passed the examination in the FIRST and SECOND class respectively.
b) Ranking
Candidates who pass all the examinations prescribed for the course in the FIRST APPEARANCE ITSELF ALONE are eligible for Classification/ Ranking/ Distinction.
9. EXAMINATION
The semester examinations will ordinarily be conducted during November and April of each academic year. All practical Examinations will be conducted by internal and external examiners appointed by the University. The maximum marks for theory will be 100 comprising 20 marks for internal assessment and 80 marks for the final practical examinations and the maximum marks for practicals will be 100 comprising 20 marks for internal assessment and 80 marks for the final practical examinations.
a) PROCEDURES FOR AWARDING MARKS FOR INTENAL ASSESSMENT
THEORY COURSES
For regularity(Scoring 80% and above attendance) - 04 Marks
For two assignment(Equal weightage) - 06 Marks
For two tests to be conducted(Equal weightage) - 10 Marks
---------------
Total - 20 Marks
---------------
PRACTICAL COURSES
For regularity and satisfaction - 05 Marks
Completion of all Experiments prescribed for the course - 05 Marks
For model Examination at the end of the Semester - 10 Marks
--------------
Total - 20 Marks
--------------
A candidate who secures not less than 40% of total marks prescribed for any course shall be declared to have passed in the examination for that course.
b) SCHEME OF EXAMINATION FOR THEORY (MAXIMUM 80 MARKS)
Part – A
Ten Questions to be answered 10 x 2 marks = 20 Marks - Two questions from each unit
Part – B Five Questions to be answered - Two questions from each unit in 5 * 6 marks = 30 Marks either or pattern
Part – C Three questions to be answered out of five questions - One question from each unit 3 * 10 marks = 30 Marks ------------- Total = 80 Marks -------------
C) SCHEME OF EXAMINATION FOR PRACTICALS
The external examiner will prepare a question paper on the spot with the help of the question papers supplied by the Controller’s office of SRM University.
10. REQUIREMENTS FOR PROCEEDING TO SUBSEQUENT SEMESTER
a) Candidates shall register their names for the first semester Examination after
the admission in the UG Courses.
b) Candidates shall be permitted to proceed from the first semester up to Final semester irrespective of their failure in any of the semester examinations subject to the condition that the candidates should register for all the arrear subjects of earlier semesters along with current semester subjects.
c) Candidates shall be eligible to go to subsequent semester, only if they earn sufficient attendance as prescribed therefore by the University from time to time. Provided in case of a candidate earning less than 50% of attendance in any one of the semesters due to any extraordinary circumstance such as medical grounds, such candidates who shall produce medical certificate issued by the Authorized Medical Attendant (AMA), duly certified by the principal of the college, shall be permitted to proceed to the next semester and to complete the course of study. Such candidates shall have to repeat the missed semester by rejoining after completion of final semester of the course, after paying the fee for the break of study as prescribed by the university from time to time.
11. TEMPORARY BREAK OF STUDY FROM A PROGRAMME.
a) Candidate is not normally permitted to temporarily break the study. However if a candidate intends to temporarily discontinue the programme in the middle for valid reasons (such as accident or hospitalization due to prolonged ill health) and to rejoin the programme in a later year he/she shall apply to the Head of the Institution in advance but not later than the last date for registering for the final examinations of the year in question. Such applications should be routed through the Head of the Department and the Head of the Institution stating the reasons for break of study.
b) The candidate permitted to rejoin the programme after the break shall be governed by the rules and regulations in force at the time of rejoining.
c) The duration specified for passing all the courses for the purpose of classification vide (clause 3) shall be increased by the period of such break of study permitted.
d) The total period for completion of the programme reckoned from, the commencement of the first semester to which the candidate was admitted shall not exceed the maximum period specified in clause irrespective of the period of break of study in order that he/she may be eligible for the award of the degree (vide clause 3)
e) If any student is detained for want of requisite attendance, progress and good conduct, the period spent in that semester shall not be considered as permitted ‘Break of Study’ and clause 10 is not applicable for this case.
12. DISCIPLINE
Every student is required to observe disciplined and decorous behavior both inside and outside the college and not to indulge in any activity which will tend to bring down the prestige of the University/College. Boys should wear decent dresses. No casual wear like T-shirts or jeans pant is permitted. Girls shall wear decent dresses like Churidars with Thuppattas and sarees.
13. REVISON OF REGULATION AND CURRICULAM
The University may from time to time revise, amend or charge the regulations, scheme of examinations and syllabi as found necessary.
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