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Political Ideologies

Social Studies 11

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What is an ideology?

A set of ideas or values

A way of thinking

A belief system

A conviction

A theory

Oxford Dictionary defines ideology as:

a system of ideas and principles forming thebasis of an economic or political theory

a set of beliefs held by a particular group

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Ideology Ideology can be defined as a set of

basic beliefs about the political,

economic, social, and cultural affairsheld by the majority of people within

a given society and how and why the

people should be governed.

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What are political

ideologies? Political ideologies

are beliefs abouthow peopleshould beorganized andgoverned

What are someexamples ofpoliticalideologies?

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How are ideologies

expressed or represented?Ideologies can be expressed in a variety of

ways

Symbols can be used to represent a particularideology

Colours can come to represent a particularideology

Writing and documentation can outline aparticular ideology-- eg; manifesto,constitution

Uniforms or clothing can represent aparticular ideology

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What do these images

represent?

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What ideologies does this

represent?

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What about this?

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What about this?

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And this?

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Political systems

Political systems are created to organize andadminister or govern people

Political systems have evolved throughout our

collective history A political system puts a political ideology into

practice

Can you name some political systems?

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Monarchy

Monarchy means the

rule by the one

A monarchy is a system

of rule by an individual

who has supreme andabsolute power of the

people.

Monarchies are usually

hereditary and theking/queen rules for

his/her lifetime.

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Oligarchy

Oligarchy means to rule by the few, usually

by wealthy people such as aristocrats and

nobles An oligarchy is a system of government in

which all power is held by a small or select

number of wealthy people who shape policy

to benefit themselves

Can you come up with an example of an

oligarchy?

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Theocracy

Theocracy translates tomean rule by god

A theocracy is a systemof governing where a

religious institution orchurch rules over thepeople

Some people considerIran to be a theocratic

republic The Pope in the Vatican

is an example of atheocracy

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Democracy

Democracy means rule by thepeople

Democracy is a form of

government where thesupreme power is vested in thepeople and exercized directlyby them or their electedrepresentatives under a free

electoral system Examples of democracies?

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DictatorshipA dictatorship is

rule by a single

person who hasseized power with

absolute control

over the resources

and the people ofthe state

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Political Ideologies

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Imperialism Imperialism is the

extension of power andrule beyond established

geographical boundariesto benefit the mothercountry

Imperialism was a meansof building an empire of

colonies and using thosecolonies to supply themother country withresources and cheaplabour (sometimes slaves)

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CommunismCommunism is an extreme left-wing ideology

based upon the revolutionary teachings of KarlMarxCommunism calls for the abolishment ofprivate property and promotes collective

ownershipCommunism supports a planned economy andpromotes a belief in economic equality for allAccording to the communist philosophy, eachshould work to their capability and receiveaccording to their needsIn practice, communism provides people withthe choice of one party to govern the people

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Socialism

Socialism promotes a political systemwhere the principle means ofproduction, distribution, and exchangeare in common ownership (co-operative)

Socialism supports governmentintervention and regulation in theeconomy When you think of socialism, think of

things such as : farmer co-operatives,credit unions, labour unions, universaleducation or healthcare

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Fascism

Fascism is the extremeright wing ideologywhere the existing socialorder is protected by the

forcible suppression of theworking class

In a fascist state, there isno intellectual freedom,

limited economic freedom,and strong governmentregulations

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Totalitarianism

Totalitarianism is the absolutecontrol by the state orgoverning branch of a highlycentralized institution

Essentially, the governmenthas complete and total controlof all aspects of everyoneslife.

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Liberalism

Liberalism is the strong belief in economicand intellectual freedom and promotesrepresentative government, free-speech,abolition of class privilege and stateprotection of the individual

Classical liberalism outlines that the

government should not be involved morethan necessary

Reform liberalism stresses a strongercommitment to limited government

intervention

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Conservatism

Conservatism promotes the strong belief in

economic freedom and intellectual equality

Conservatism supports traditional values andbeliefs and a governmental system where the

existing institutions are maintained

Conservative ideology emphasizes free-enterpriseand minimal government intervention

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Capitalism

Capitalism can be defined asan economic system (notreally a political ideology)where the principle means ofproduction and distributionare in private hands andpromotes a belief thatbusiness, not government,produces goods Capitalism is opposed tocommunism

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Capitalism

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Environmentalism

Environmentalism is anideology and socialmovement thatpromotes theenvironment andconcerns overenvironmentalprotection, conservationand sustainability.

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Anarchism

Anarchism is the ideology

where society is without

government, laws, police,

or authority. Anarchism stresses a

system of self control

where it is every person for

themselves

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Populism

Populism is general termused to reflect theideologies which demandthe redistribution ofpolitical power andeconomic leadership to thecommon people orpopulation

Populism emphasizes therights and power of thepeople over the privilegedelite