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Published in association with mtt s logo whiteieee-logo-blackIEEE.orgIEEE Xplore Digital LibraryIEEE StandardsIEEE SpectrumMore Sites Microwaves101Subscribe to our monthly newsletter
Search for...GOApril 18, 2016HomeEncyclopediaCalculatorsDownloadsAcronymsDiscussion BoardLinksReviewersContactAll1-9ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ11 mm connectors1.85 mm connectors180 Degree Hybrid Phase Shifters22.4 mm connectors2.92 mm connectors33 dB bandwidth3.5 mm connectors3D-MERFS Program (DARPA)
4438A Dual power meter (Agilent)77 mm connectors75 Ohm Proposal88510 Network analyzer (Agilent)8565 Spectrum analyzer (HP)9The 90 degree property of symmetric coupled linesAA Prescription For THz Transistor CharacterizationABCD ParametersABCSABCs of AmplifiersAblation, RFAblation, RF and microwaveAbsorbing MaterialsAbsorptive versus reflective filtersActive Bias Networks for FETsActive device, definition ofActive Directivity of AmplifiersActive versus passive phase shiftersAD8026 clamping amplifier, used for gate pulsingAdams' resistive splitterAdaptersADS Example 1. Two-state devicesADS example 2: multi-state phase shifterAdvantages and disadvantages of CPWAdvantages and disadvantages of SIWAdvertise with Microwaves101.com!AESAsAirAir bridge inductanceAir coax ruleAlloy, fusibleAlloysAlloys, low expansionAltitude versus air pressureAlumina 96%Alumina 99.5%AluminumAluminum NitrideAluminum silicon carbide (AlSiC)American Wire GaugeAmorphous, definition ofAmplifier ClassesAmplifier efficiencyAmplifier nonlinearityAmplifiersActive directivity ofAmplifiers, balancedAmplifiers, common-legAmplifiers, conditionally stableAmplifiers, distributedAmplifiers, DohertyAmplifiers, feedbackAmplifiers, low noise (LNAs)Amplifiers, nonlinearity ofAmplifiers, power
Amplitude modulation (AM) measurementAmplitude modulation measurementsAnalog versus digital phase shiftersAnalysis of microwave circuitsAnalysis, electromagneticAnalysis, linearAnalysis, non-linearAND gateAndroid apps for microwavesAnisotropic materialAnisotropyAnsoftAntenna DesignAntenna feed, RHCPAntenna gain rule of thumbAntenna patternAntenna rangeAntenna, VivaldiAntennas, dishAntennas, hornAntennas, microstrip patchAntennas, monopulseAntimonide-based compound semiconductorsAPC-7 connectorsAperture (smoothing function)Applications of detectorsApplied Wave ResearchApproximation for GMAXApps for microwavesApril Fool's trick, microwaveArithmetic networks (monopulse)Arizona State UniversityArmageddon ChartArmstrong, EdwinARRLArtificial transmission linesAssociation of Old CrowsAstronomy, RadioAtmospheric attenuationAtmospheric BreakdownAtmospheric PressureAttenuation due to dielectric conductivityAttenuation due to metalAttenuation due to radiationAttenuation constant (alpha)Attenuation due to dielectric loss tangentAttenuation in coaxAttenuation in coaxAttenuation in waveguideAttenuation in waveguidesAttenuation or rejection?Attenuation, minimizingAttenuaton in transmission linesAttenuator CalculatorAttenuator DissipationAttenuator errors due to sheet resistanceAttenuator MathAttenuator resistor dissipationAttenuator RMS phase and amplitude errorsAttenuator, Quan
Attenuator, WaughAttenuatorsAttenuators - fixedAttenuators - reflectionAttenuators - switchableAttenuators - temperature compensatingAttenuators - variableAttenuators, L-padAuburn UniversityAutomatic network analyzer (ANA)Automotive RadarAvagadro's constantAvailable gainAveraging function (network analyzer)AWG (American wire gauge)AzimuthBB1Backside processBackward-wave couplersBaekeland, Leo HendrikBahl and Trivedi[1]BakeliteBalanced amplifier VSWRBalanced AmplifiersBalunsBand-pass filter (BPF)Band-pass lumped element filtersBandgapBandpass filtersBandwidthBarium strontium titanate (BST)Barkhausen, Heinrich GeorgBarrel adapterBarrow, W. L.Bart's headBasic ConceptsBasic concepts of microwaveBasic detector circuit and detector terminologyBasic network theoryBasic RCS reduction approachesBasics of computational electromagneticsBasics of Good EMI/EMC DesignBasuraBatman responseBatteriesBazooka Joe graphBeads, ferriteBeam Forming NetworksBeamwidthBeamwidth, antennaBeing called on the carpetBell, Alexander GrahamBeryllium OxideBessel-ThomsonBesser, LesBest Set-up for measuring power transfer characteristicsBethe-hole couplerBetter of the twoBias networks
Bias TeeBias tee design using lumped elementsBias tee, using quarter-wave stubsBias voltage versus supply voltageBig Company diseaseBinomial transformerBinomial transformer: approximate solutionBiological Effects of EM RadiationBipolar junction transistors (BJTs)Bipolar power supplies for the gateBipolar transistorBirdsBiteBlack boxBlindmate - what's that?Blocking, receiverBock, Marvin J.BogartBoltzmann's constantBomac historical radar adsBomb test (helium)BoneyardBooks on Microwave EngineeringBoot, Henry Albert HowardBoresightBoresight error (BSE)Boresight errorBose, Jagadis Chandra (J.C.)Bottom of this page!Boules, growingBoutique foundryBox modesBragg frequencyBragg, William HenryBragg, William LawrenceBranch-line coupler, three-wayBranchline converted to 180 degree couplerBranchline coupler, double-boxBranchline coupler, lumped elementBranchline coupler, unequal power splitBranchline CouplersBraun, Karl FerdinandBrazingBrazing, definition ofBreadboard RF ModulatorBreakdown voltageBridged tee attenuatorBroadband Technology Opprotunity ProgramBrow, quarter-inchBrown, William CyrusBST (barium strontium titanate)BTOPBuilding the breadboad modulatorBuilt-in test equipmentBullet adapterButler MatrixButterworthBypass the suppliesCCable Care
Cable Length Rule of ThumbCable rule of thumbCables, coaxCAD (COMPUTER-AIDED DESIGN)CAD, history ofCADECCAIN-01CAIN-01 (early CAD program)Cal kit, how (not) to trash it!Cal TechCalculate isolation resistorsCalculating coax loss due to dielectric loss tangentCalculating a calibration factorCalculating antenna gain in a phased arrayCalculating coax loss due to metalCalculating maximum sheet conductance (minimum sheet resistance)Calculating VSWR from an impedance mismatchCalculator, coaxCalculator, coplanar waveguideCalculator, dual coaxCalculator, gain/NF/P1dB cascadeCalculator, microstripCalculator, reactanceCalculator, resonant frequencyCalculator, skin depthCalculator, spur searchCalculator, striplineCalculator, TEM wavelengthCalculator, unequal-split power dividersCalculator, VSWRCalculator, wire over groundCalendar, microwave eventsCalibrating the power meterCalibrating a network analyzerCalibrating S-parameter MeasurementsCalibrating the power test benchCalibration factorCalibration factor, calculatingCalibration kit, how (not) to trash it!Calibration of S-parameter measurementsCan I make a two-tone intermodulation distortion measurement and extrapolate to get the CTB, CSO and crossmodulation?Can passive devices cause distortion?Can you measure Z0 with an ohm-meter?Capacitance and inductance per unit lengthCapacitance of a transmission lineCapacitance, sheetCapacitive reactanceCapacitor ESR EffectsCapacitor background and definitionsCapacitor equivalent series resistance (ESR)Capacitor MaterialsCapacitor MathematicsCapacitor parallel resonant frequencyCapacitor resonancesCapacitor, microwave modelingCapacitor, series-resonant frequencyCapacitor, used for charge storageCapacitor, used for stabilityCapacitors
Capacitors, electrolyticCapacitors, MOSCapacitors, multi-layerCapacitors, single-layerCapitalization in AcronymsCaptain SafetyCarbon nanotubesCarcCareer FOMCareer Killers, MicrowaveCarrier-to-noise ratio (C/N)CarrottenuatorCASA CenterCascade AnalysisCascade CalculatorCascaded noise figure analysisCascaded Rat-Race CouplerCascaded Splitters and CouplersCassegrain, LaurentCell phone locker, magicCell PhonesCEM BasicsCeramic CapacitorsChalcogenide switchesChalmersChalmers University of TechnologyChange-of-state devicesChanging the system impedanceCharacteristic ImpedanceCharacteristic impedance (Z0)Characteristic impedance of coaxCharge Storage CapacitorsCheapline�ChebyshevCheck it out!Chicken dotsChip & Wire ConstructionChiTARChokeChoke, RFChoosing an amplifierChristian Andreas DopplerChromiumCircuit Busters, Superstar, and EaglewareCircuit card assemblies, microwaveCircular WaveguideCircularly Polarized Antenna FeedCirculator, switchableCirculatorsClasses, amplifiersClassic absorber design #1: Salisbury screenClassic absorber design #2: JaumannCleaning connectorsClemson UniversityCMOS, siliconCNC machiningCo-fired CeramicsCoaxCoax attenuationCoax Attenuation Solution
Coax CablesCoax cables, industry standardsCoax CalculatorCoax compromiseCoax cutoff frequencyCoax Loss CalculationsCoax Loss due to Dielectric ConductionCoax Loss due to Loss TangentCoax overviewCoax Power HandlingCoax, dual-dielectric calculatorCoax, minimizing attenuationCoax, multi-dielectricCoax, off-centerCoax, why fifty Ohms?Coax-to-waveguide transitionCoefficient, reflectionCohn, Seymour B.College programs in microwave engineeringColor code, connectorColor of moneyColorado State UniversityCombiners, DohertyCombining, PowerCome to Jesus meeting.Common components in a superhet receiverCommon filter terminologyCommon sourceCommunication applicationsCommunications systems using microwavesCOMPACT and SuperCOMPACTCOMPACT softwareCompact WilkinsonsComparator networks (monopulse)Comparison of PIN diodes and FETs for switchingComplex permittivity and loss tangentComposite second order distortion (CSO)Composite triple beat distortion (CTB)Compound semiconductorCompression PointComputational ElectromagneticsComputer files: common file extensionsComputer-Aided DesignCOMPUTER-AIDED DESIGN (CAD)Computing the S-parameters of two cascaded circuitsConditional stability versus unconditional stabilityConducting MaterialsConductivityConductorsConferences, microwaveConfiguring the power test bench for your DUTConnector CareConnector Color CodeConnector saver - what's that?Connector SexConnector speciesConnector species and their frequency limitationsConnector TorqueConnectors, precisionConnectors, push-on
Connectors, reverse polarityConnectors, SMA and SSMAConnectors, SMBConnectors, SMCConnectors, SMPConnectors, SMPMConnectors, SSMACONSTANTS, PHYSICALConstructive interference of two equal VSWRsConstructive interference of VSWRsContact lithographyContinous wave (CW)Continuous LO rangeContinuous wave (CW) signalControlling Curve Tracer OscillationsConversion factors and unitsCool Site StatisticsCooler, thermo-electricCoplanar WaveguideCOPLANAR WAVEGUIDE (CPW)Coplanar Waveguide CalculatorCopperCopper, ounces ofCorner ReflectorsCorporate power combinerCorporate Power DividersCorporate Tool shirtCouncelCountermeasuresCountermeasures, electronicCoupled Line CouplersCoupled line, 90 degree propertyCoupled power combinersCoupler, microstrip "3dB"Coupler, patchCouplers and SplittersCouplers, backward-waveCouplers, coupled lineCouplers, forward-waveCPW mathematicsCreating pulsed waveforms using a switchCreating pulsed waveforms using an amplifierCripp's analysisCripps\' AnalysisCrossmodulationCrossover, RF, using hybrid couplersCSCryogenicsCryogenics in microwavesCrystal oscillator (XO)Crystal OscillatorsCrystalline, definition ofCrystals Go to WarCurrent source transducersCurve measurements Example I-VCurve tracer example 1, MESFET I-V curvesCurve tracer example 2, Schottky diode VFCurve tracer example 3, voltage regulatorCurve Tracer MeasurementsCurve tracer modelsCurve Tracer Modification
Curve tracer, controlling oscillationsCut a rubyCutoff frequenciesCutoff wavelength and frequencyCW (continuous wave)Czochralski methodCzochralski, JanDDaggingDanmarks Tekniske Universitet (DTU)DARPA Microwave ProgramsDaughter board.David Arthur CopsonDC and RF resistance of inductorsDC BlockDC blockDC returnDe Forest, LeeDe Moura, Father Roberto LandellDe-embeddingDe-embedding S-ParametersDead bugDecibelsDecouple the gate and drain suppliesDecoys, electronicDeep yogurtDeep-sixDeForest, LeeDegradation, gracefulDelta portDepletion-mode FETDeposit materialDeposition,patterning and etchingDescription of downloadDesign example 1Designing for high isolationDesigning for High Peak PowerDesigning high-speed switchesDesigning Wilkinsons in ExcelDetailed measurement procedure exampleDetectorsDetectors, history ofDetermining filter orderDiamagnetic materialsDiamond versus square latticeDiamond, use in microwavesDicing a waferDielectric and effective dielectric constantsDielectric conductivity lossDielectric constant (DK)Dielectric constant, effectiveDielectric constant, measuringDielectric constants, miscellaneous materialsDielectric loss tangentDielectric loss tangent lossDielectric-Loaded WaveguideDigital Logic for Microwave CircuitsDigital or analog supply?Digital versus analog phase shiftersDiode, Gunn
Diode, IMPATTDiode, PINDiode, SchottkyDiode, tunnelDiode, ZenerDiodes, MicrowaveDip-brazing waveguideDiplexersDipoleDirected energy weaponsDirectional coupler definitionsDirectional CouplersDirectivityDirectivity, antennaDisappearing reflection coefficientDiscrete DevicesDiscrete LO channelsDispersionDispersionDispersion in microstripDispersion, low frequency, in TEMDissipation factor (DF)Distortion 101Distortion in amplifiersDistortion in mixersDistortion in oscillatorsDistortion measurementsDistortion, composite second order (CSO)Distortion, composite triple beat (CTB)Distributed AmplifiersDistributed elementsDk and Df Extraction SpreadsheetDoherty AmplifiersDopantsDoppler ShiftDoppler shift equationsDoppler, Christian AndreasDouble-Balanced MixersDouble-box branchline couplersDouble-Box BranchlinesDouble-Ridged WaveguideDrain efficiencyDrain pulsingDrain, FETDrill SizesDroop, voltageDrop, Droop and Roll-OffDry-labDual Dielectric Coax CalculatorDual-Channel ReceiversDual-directional couplerDuplexersDust caps, connectorsDuty factorDynamic RangeDynamic rangeEE plane, E plane bendE-beam lithographyE-plane, H-plane and transverse plane
Edge coupler, microstrip equal-splitEEsof Touchstone and LibraEffect of sheet resistance variation on attenuatorsEffective permittivityEffective dielectric constantEfficiency factorEfficiency of Microwave DevicesEfficiency, amplifierEfficiency, antennaEfficiency, drainEfficiency, power addedEfficiency, totalEfficiency, wall-plugEgg crate constructionEgg crate constructionEight-Way Wilkinson ExampleElbow connectorsElbowsElectric-field loss mechanismsElectro-forming waveguideElectro-magnetic interference (EMI) measurementsElectro-Static DischargeElectro-static discharge (ESD)Electromagnetic Analysis SoftwareElectromagnetic interference (EMI) measurementElectromagnetic Wave FundamentalsElectromagnetics, computationalElectron massElectronic bandgap (EBG)Electronic Bandgap MaterialsElectronic DecoysElectronic design automation (EDA) softwareElectronic discharge machining (EDM)Electronic WarfareElectronic Warfare and Radar Systems Engineering HandbookElevationEM Analysis Using Sonnet SoftwareEM DriveEMI filterEMI/EMC, Basics of Good DesignEngineering JokesEnhancement-mode FETEnvelope trackingEpitaxyEpoxiesEpoxy for electronicsEqualizer, linear example 1Equalizer, linear example 2Equalizer, parabolic example 1Equalizers, GainEquations for the equal-split caseEquivalent electrical lengthEquivalent noise temperatureEquivalent series resistance (ESR)Error functionErrors due to finite coupler directivityErrors due to power head non-linearityErrors due to standing wavesEsaki, LeoESD
ESD (electro-static discharge)ESD Protection CircuitsESR (equivalent series resistance)Etch FactorEudyna FMM5704EutecticEutectic solderEven and Odd Mode ImpedancesEven mode impedanceEvents calendar, microwaveEvolution of the Lange CouplerEW and Radar HandbookEwen, Harold IrvingExamine that claim.ExampleExample of using smoothing to cheatExpansion, temperature coefficientExploring the degrees of freedomExponential transformerFFabless companies (founded in 1985).Fabless MMIC house.Far fieldFar-fieldFaraday, MichaelFarnsworth, Philo TaylorFeatured Encyclopedia ArticleFeed horn polarizationFeed, H-treeFeedback AmplifiersFeedback, parallelFeedback, seriesFeedthrough, EMI filterFeedthroughsFellowship, IEEEFerrite BeadsFerrite DevicesFerrite SwitchesFerroelectric materialsFerroelectric Phase ShiftersFerromagneticFerromagnetic materialsFessenden, Reginald AubreyFET basics (includes terminology and answers to FAQs)FET bias networksFET geometry lessonFET IV and transfer curvesFET switch driver examplesFETs (Field Effect Transistors)FETs used in switchesFifth applicationFifty ohms, why?Figures of Merit, microwaveFilling FactorFilter response typesFilter bookFilter design softwareFilter Schematic SymbolsFilter, Bessel-ThomsonFilter, Butterworth
Filter, ChebyshevFilter, GaussianFiltersFILTERS, LUMPED ELEMENTFilters, schematic symbols ofFinal-frontside testsFinding compression points painlesslyFine leak testFinite Element AnalysisFinite integration techniqueFinlineFirst metalFiSH! videoFixed attenuatorsFlat leakageFlat, waferFleming, John AmbroseFlexguide (flexible waveguide)Flexible WaveguideFlip Chip TechnologyFlip-chip technologies, advantages and disadvantagesFlip-Chip Technology for MicrowavesFluxesFolk-dancing festivalsForming gasesFort Monmouth Signal Corps LaboratoriesForward-wave couplersFoundries (as in MMICs)Foundry, boutiqueFoundry, pure-playFour loss mechanisms:Fourier transformsFR-4Fractional dissipation in the Wye resistive splitterFraudoCADFraunhoffer regionFree EDA softwareFree pocketknife!Free Space Path LossFree-space impedanceFrequency bandsFrequency conversionFrequency letter bandsFrequency letter bands (IEEE Standard 521-1984)Frequency limitations of lumped element filtersFrequency MetersFrequency modulation (FM) measurementFrequency modulation measurementsFrequency MultipliersFrequency TranslatorsFrequency, What's the?Frequently Asked QuestionsFresnel regionFriis equation (cascading noise figure)Friis, HaraldFundamentals of electromagnetic wavesFundamentals of EM WavesFundamentals of microwave testingFusible alloysFuze, VT (WW II)
Fuzz buttonGGaAs bulk propertiesGaAs HBTGaAs MESFETGaAs MHEMTGaAs PHEMTGaAs PoemGaAs semiconductorsGaAs VPIN diodeGainGainGain compression pointsGain compressionGain EqualizersGain equalizers, linearGain equalizers, parabolicGain expansionGain, antennaGain, maximum available (GMAX)Gain, maximum stable (MSG)Gallium ArsenideGallium arsenide bulk propertiesGallium Arsenide SemiconductorsGallium NitrideGallium nitride bulk propertiesGallium Nitride SemiconductorsGaN bulk propertiesGaN HEMTGaN semiconductorsGate formationGate length and widthGate pulsingGate recessGate voltage dividerGate, FETGauging connectorsGauss, Johann Carl FriedrichGaussianGel-paksGeneralitiesGeneric directional coupler schematic symbolGeometry lessonGeorgia TechGibson, Peter J.Gift ShopGigitalGinzton, Edward L.Glass MaterialsGlass sealing materialsGleason, K. ReedGlobal Positioning SystemGlobal positioning system (GPS)Glove boxGoing to the woodshed.GoldGolden stake of groundGolden unitGood choice!Good enough for government work
Good oneGoofus and Gallant design detectorsGovernment workGPO connectorsGraceful degradationGradient optimizationGrammar and PunctuationGranger, Will Robinson!Grating lobeGrating LobesGreat diplexer exampleGreek letters in microwave engineeringGreek Letters in MicrowavesGreentape, Ode to (as in LTCC)Gross leakGross leak testGroundGround loopGroup DelayGroup delayGroup delay in waveguideGroup delay - what is it?Group delay flatnessGroup delay flatness and consistencyGroup Delay in FiltersGroup Delay MeasurementsGroup delay rule of thumbGroup Delay SimulationGroup delay smoothingGroup velocityGroup velocityGrowing Semiconductor BoulesGrowing Starting MaterialGuide wavelengthGuillaume, Charles EdouardGunn DiodeGunn diode oscillatorsGunn, John (Ian) BattiscombeGunnplexerGysel coupler, N-wayGysel even/odd mode analysisGysel N-way SplitterGysel Power SplitterGysel unequal splitterGysel versus rat-race couplerHH-tree antenna feedH-tree feedHall of Fame, MicrowaveHam radioHandy COMPACTHansen, William Webster (Bill)Harald FriisHard Substrate MaterialsHarmonic frequenciesHarmonic balance methodHarvard UniversityHazardous MaterialsHBTHBTs
Heat and temperature effectsHeating with MicrowavesHeaviside, OliverHenry, JosephHermeticityHermeticityHertz, HeinrichHeterodyne, history ofHeterojunction bipolar transistor (HBT)Hewlett Packard.Hewlett, WilliamHigh Permeability MaterialsHigh Temperature Co-fired CeramicsHigh-pass lumped element filtersHigh-Pass?Low-Pass Phase ShiftersHighpass filtersHistorical microwave test equipmentHistorical radar adsHistorical Test EquipmentHistoryHistory of coplanar waveguideHistory of RF probesHistory of detectorsHistory of microwave connectorsHistory of Microwave EngineeringHistory of microwave ovenHistory of Microwave SoftwareHistory of MMICsHistory of the Lange couplerHistory of the Microwave OvenHistory of the superheterodyne receiverHomodyne ReceiversHorn AntennasHot switchingHousingsHow is crossmodulation measured?How can I tell if distortion is coming from test equipment (e.g. spectrum analyzer) or the DUT?How can the effects of coherent carrier frequencies on the consistency of distortion measurement be minimized?How do I measure C/N in the presence of digitally modulated carriers?How do I measure CTB and CSO?How does a curve tracer work?How many sections do you need in a Wilkinson?How many supplies do you actually need?How much is that stub worth?How to (not) Trash a Calibration Kit!How to avoid grating lobesHow to deal with stuck connectorsHow to think in dBHow to use constructive interference when designing with PIN diodesHP536A Frequency meterHP805A slotted lineHull, Albert WallaceHumorHuygens, ChristiaanHybrid (3 dB) couplersHybrid (3 dB) couplers, 180 degreeHybrid (3 dB) couplers, 90 degreeHybrid circuits
Hybrid CouplersHybrid ModulesHybrid power splitter (branchline)Hybrid, ring (rat-race power splitter)Hydrogen getterHydrogen poisoningII-V characteristicsIdeal balun modelIDSS (saturated drain current)IEEE Microwave Theory and Techniques SocietyIEEE MTT Graduate FellowshipIEEE MTT-SIllinois Institute of TechnologyImage frequencyImage noise foldoverImage Rejection MixersImages from Message BoardIMAX (maximum drain current)IMECImpedance matchingImpedance of free spaceImpedance of of free spaceImpedance, admittanceImpedance, characteristicImpedance, free-spaceImpedance, intrinsicImportant Characteristic of Phase ShiftersImportant Shunt Switch ConsiderationIndian Institutes of TechnologyIndiumIndium Corporation's solder chartIndium PhosphideIndium phosphide HEMTIndium phosphide HBTIndium Phosphide SemiconductorsInductance of a transmission lineInductance, airbridgeInductance, wirebondInductive reactanceInductor MathematicsInductor vendorsInductorsInfrared transducersInPInP HBTInput/output impedanceInsertion LossInsertion loss and gainInstantaneous bandwidthInsulator, definition ofInsulatorsInterconnect technologiesIntermetallicsIntermodulation productsIntermodulation ratioIntermodulation, passiveInternational traffic in arms regulations (ITAR)InterpolationInterpolation, linear
Interpolation, linear, using ExcelIntrinsic impedanceIntroductionIntroduction to attenuatorsIntroduction to waveguideInvarIoffe, Abram FedorovichIon implantationIowa State CollegeiiPhone apps for microwavesIridiumIronIsolationIsolationIsolation implantIsolation resistorsIsolatorsIsotropic materialIsotropic radiatorIsotropy and AnisotropyITARJJauman, JohannesJaumann absorberJohns Hopkins UniversityJokes, engineeringJones, EMTJosephson JunctionsKK connectorsK-factor (stability factor)K-factor and maximum available gainKamerlingh-Onnes, HeikeKang splitterKansas State UniversityKeffectiveKentucky windageKilby, JackKirchhoff, Gustav RobertKlopfenstein TaperKlopfenstein transformerKlopfenstein, Ralph WalterKlystronsKnee voltageKnife, free offerKnown-good die (KGD)Kompfner, RudolfKouzoujian SplitterKovarKraus, John DanielKroemer, HerbKulicke, Frederick W.Kurokawa, KaneyukiLL-pad attenuatorsLab Queen.Lab ratLab, microwaveLaboratory Safety
LairdLamarr, HedyLange coupler bias teeLange CouplersLange, JuliusLarge signal cascade analysisLarge signal response, definition ofLarge-signal analysis softwareLaws of ThermodynamicsLayout examplesLDMOSLeadLeak rateLeak testingLeakage, flatLeakage, spikeLEC crystalsLeft-handed materialsLetter bands, frequencyLevel detectorLift-offLight velocityLight, Phase and Group VelocitiesLight, speed ofLim Eom Power Combiner Example #2Lim-Eom 3-way Power SplittersLim-Eom Power Power Combiner Example #1Lim-Eom Power SplittersLimitations of Lange couplersLimiter nonlinearityLimitersLimiters, non-linearity ofLine stretcher example #2Line StretchersLinear CAD SoftwareLinear CAD software vendors, big and smallLinear Interpolation for ExcelLinear interpolation using ExcelLinearityLinearizersLinks, microwaveLiquid encapsulated Czochralski (LEC)LiquidusLiquidus temperature of solderLithography, types ofLiverpool John Moores UniversityLNA (low noise amplifier)LNA, series feedbackLoad Pull for Power DevicesLoad pull, harmonicLoad-Pull Effects on Power CombinersLoaded-Line Phase ShiftersLog ampLog AmplifiersLong green.Loomis, Alfred LeeLoss due to dielectric conductivityLoss due to dielectric loss tangentLoss due to metalLoss due to radiation
Loss factorLoss in transmission linesLoss of fifty-ohm line on 2-mil GaAsLoss or gain?Loss tangent, dielectricLossless networksLossless networks, properties ofLow Expansion AlloysLow Frequency Dispersion in TEM LinesLow hanging fruit!Low noise amplifier (LNA)Low Noise AmplifiersLow noise amplifiers (LNAs)Low noise block (LNB)Low noise blocksLow temperature co-fired ceramic (LTCC)Low Temperature Co-fired CeramicsLow-pass lumped element filtersLow-pass, high-pass and band-passLow-temperature co-fired ceramic (LTCC)Lowpass filtersLudditeLumped Element Bias TeeLumped Element Filter CalculatorLumped element filter calculator instructionsLumped Element FiltersLumped element transmission line modelLumped Element Wilkinson SplittersLumped ElementsLumped elements versus distributed elementsLumped-element branchline couplersMMackerwaveMagic cell phone lockerMagic TeesMagnetic MaterialsMagnetic-field loss mechanismsMagnetronMagramMantennaMarconi, GuglielmoMarcuvitz, NathanMark 53 Fuze (WW II)Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)Matched networks, properties ofMatching NetworksMaterials for Microwave EngineeringMaterials, absorbingMaterials, capactorsMaterials, conductorMaterials, glassMaterials, hard substratesMaterials, hazardousMaterials, high permeabilityMaterials, magneticMaterials, miscellaneousMaterials, resistorMaterials, soft substratesMaterials, structuralMatthaei ,George
Matthaei, Young and Jones.Maximally-Flat Impedance TransformersMaximally-flat transformerMaximally-Flat Unequal WilkinsonMaximum gainMaximum Power Transfer TheoremMaxwell's EquationsMaxwell, James ClerkMaxwell\'s EquationsMayor McCheese,Mayor McCheese.McAfee, Walter S.Meandered gateMeandered-gate switch FETsMeasure load impedanceMeasured dataMeasurements and Test EquipmentMeasurements, group delayMeasurements, load pullMeasurements, noise parametersMeasurements, power meterMeasurements, spectrum analyzerMeasurements, Z0Measuring dielectric constantMeasuring Characteristic ImpedanceMeasuring Dielectric ConstantMeasuring dielectric constant from group delayMeasuring return loss with power metersMeasuring Z0 on a Smith chartMeasuring Z0 using ABCD parametersMeasuring Z0 using reflection coefficientMechanical SwitchesMedical applications - VSWR problemsMedical applications of microwavesMEMSMEMS (Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems)MEMS for microwavesMEMS Phase ShiftersMEMS phase shiftersMEMS Tree of WoeMEMS, Riddle ofMen Of Science, Santa Barbara News-Press, 1958Mesa etchMesa ResistorsMesfetMessage Board ImagesMeta-material research at NIT TrichyMetal lossMetals and dielectricsMetamaterialsMetrologyMhemtMichelson, Albert AbrahamMicrostripMicrostrip "3 dB" CouplerMicrostrip CalculatorMicrostrip equal-split edge couplerMicrostrip lossMicrostrip Loss CalculationsMicrostrip Loss due to Substrate Conduction
Microstrip Patch AntennasMicrostrip Via Hole InductanceMicrostrip, minimizing attenuationMicrowave connector overviewMicrowave Amateur RadioMicrowave auditory effectMicrowave capacitor modelMicrowave Career KillersMicrowave Circuit Card AssembliesMicrowave CollegesMicrowave conferences and eventsMicrowave ConnectorsMicrowave DiodesMicrowave Events CalendarMicrowave FET TutorialMicrowave Figures of MeritMicrowave frequency bandsMicrowave frequency spectrumMicrowave Hall of Fame Part IMicrowave Hall of Fame Part IIMicrowave Hall of Fame Part IIIMicrowave HeatingMicrowave ImagingMicrowave Impedance TunersMicrowave industryMicrowave LabMicrowave Link CalculatorMicrowave MeasurementsMicrowave Medical ApplicationsMicrowave modulesMicrowave MortuaryMicrowave oven - testing the sealMicrowave oven historyMicrowave Plating 101Microwave PoetryMicrowave Printed Circuit BoardsMicrowave ReceiversMicrowave Rules of ThumbMicrowave Semiconductor ProcessingMicrowave Semiconductor TradeoffsMicrowave SlangMicrowave Smartphone AppsMicrowave spectroscopyMicrowave spectroscopyMicrowave SwitchesMicrowave ToiletsMicrowave Trade JournalsMicrowave TubesMicrowaves, what are?Microwaves101 Gift ShopMicrowaves101 Line Stretcher!Microwaves101 pocketknife offer!Microwaves101 Rule of ThumbMicrowaves101 Sponsors' Press ReleasesMicrowaves101 switch FET modelMicrowaves101 way to measure Z0MIL-Specs for MicrowavesMIL-STD-750Military versus commercial applicationsMilking mice
Miller effectMillimeter-wavesMillimeter-waves versus microwavesMillimeterwave terminationsMIMIC ProgramMIMO - an Historical TutorialMinimize drain bias line resistance, and ground return resistance.Minimizing AttenuationMinimum detectable signalMinimum loss matching padMiscellaneous Dielectric ConstantsMismatch lossMismatch Loss, Etc.Mission StatementMissouri University of Science and TechnologyMIT Radiation LaboratoryMIT Radiation Laboratory (Rad Lab)Mitered BendsMixed-Mode S-ParametersMixer history - heterodyningMixer Mess!Mixer Noise FigureMixer nonlinearityMixer Spur ChartMixer waveformsMixersMixers, double balancedMixers, image rejectionMixers, nonlinearity ofMixers, sub-harmonicMMIC DesignMMIC Phase Shifter Example 1MMIC Phase Shifter Example 2MMIC semiconductor technology tradeoffsMMIC Switch Design Example 2MMICsMMICsMMICs, history ofMMICs, Three-DimensionalModeling a Lange couplerModing in packagesModulation measurementsModulator, RF breadboardModulator, vectorModule assemblyModules, microwaveMonocrystalline, definition ofMonopulse AntennasMonopulse Comparator NetworksMonopulse comparator using branchlineMonopulse comparator using rat-raceMontana State UniversityMorkoc, HadisMOSFET, used for drain pulsingMu1 and Mu2Mud flaps, six sigmaMule skinnerMulti-Dielectric CoaxMulti-hole couplerMulti-layer ceramic capacitors
Multi-section transformersMulti-section transformersMulti-state simulation part IMulti-State Simulations, Part IIMultipactionMultiplexersMultiplier nonlinearityMultipliersMultipliers, mon-linearity ofMultistage WilkinsonsMuseum of Test EquipmentMushroom gateMW101Stuff the Official Microwaves101 Newsletter!NN-channel FETN-way Power SplittersN-way resistive splitters (equal split)N-way Unequal-Split WilkinsonsN-way Wilkinson SplittersNAND gateNapier, JohnNASA takes over the projectNational Taiwan UniversityNational Institute of Technology, TrichyNational Taiwan University (NTU)Natural resourceNavy Electricity and Electronics SeriesNavy Electricity and Electronics Training Series (NEETS)Navy Handbook on EW and Radar Systems EngineeringNear fieldNear-fieldNeper, what's aNerd packNetlist interfaceNetwork Analyzer MeasurementsNetwork ParametersNETWORK THEORYNeunundneunzig LuftballonsNever again!New York University PolytechnicNickelNIP diodesNo Link ProvidedNoise FigureNoise figure (NF) measurementNoise Figure of PassivesNoise figure, mixerNoise measurementsNoise Parameter Extraction using Source PullNoise ParametersNoise TemperatureNon-Linear DevicesNon-reciprocal networks, properties ofNONLINEAR DEVICESNonlinear Transmission LinesNOR gateNormalizationNormalized input/output impedanceNorth Carolina State UniversityNOT gate
Null depth, monopulseNumberingNyquist, HarryOOctave bandwidthOdd mode impedanceOde to GREENTAPEOersted, Hans ChristianOff-Center CoaxOhio State UniversityOhm's lawOhm, Georg SimonOhmic metalOld Crows, Association ofOmnidirectional radiatorOn/off isolationOne situation where smoothing is acceptableOptimizationOptimization, gradientOptimization, randomOR gateOrgasmatronOscillator, Gunn diodeOscillatorsOscillators for Microwave SystemsOscilloscope MeasurementsOscilloscope measurements with detectorOther Capitalization IssuesOther ways to express VSWROunces of copperOur gang marketing strategyOven, microwave, history ofOvenized crystal oscillator (OXO)Overlay couplerOverlay couplersOwen resistive splitterOwen resistove splitter example #1Owen SplitterOwen Splitter Example #1Oxygen absorption bandsPP-channel FETP1dBPackagingPackagingPackaging, assembly, and interconnectsPackard, DavidPain rayPalladiumParabolic Gain EqualizersParabolic reflectorParabolic Reflector AntennasParallel feedbackParallel LC resonanceParallel Plate WaveguideParallel-plate capacitanceParamagneticParamagnetic materialsParameters, noiseParametric amplifiers
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TrapTraveling wave splitterTraveling wave tube amplifier (TWT or TWTA)Traveling wave tubesTraveling wave tubes (TWTs)TriplexerTSC426/427/428 MOSFET driversTubes, MicrowaveTunable bandwidthTuners, microwave impedanceTungstenTuningTuning waveguide partsTunnel DiodesTurner, J.TweakingTweaksTwelfth-wave transformerTwo terminals versus three terminalsTwo-port WilkinsonType N connectorsTypes of coplanar waveguideTypes of detector diodesTypes of FETsTypes of lithographyTypes of PIN diodesTypes of probesTypical GaAs FET process stepsUUda, ShintaroUnderneath the Radar (song)Unequal Gysel splitterUnequal Gysel splittersUnequal Gysel Type 1Unequal Gysel Type 2Unequal power splittersUnequal rat race reduxUnequal split power dividersUnequal-split branchline couplersUnequal-split rat-race couplersUnequal-Split WilkinsonsUnequal-split Wilkinsons - the rest of the storyUnilateral versus non-unilateral devicesUnilateral deviceUnique four-way splitterUnits and Convesion FactorsUniversity of BirminghamUniversity of Califonia San DiegoUniversity of California DavisUniversity of California IrvineUniversity of California Los AngelesUniversity of California Santa BarbaraUniversity of Colorado BoulderUniversity of HawaiiUniversity of IllinoisUniversity of MassachusettsUniversity of MichiganUniversity of MinnesotaUniversity of OklahomaUniversity of Ottawa
University of PeradeniyaUniversity of Puerto Rico at MayagüezUniversity of South AfricaUniversity of South FloridaUniversity of Texas at DallasUniversity of VirginiaUnstable Amplifier ExamplesUnstable amplifiers, examples ofUnwrapped phaseUry, MichaelUsing back-to-back hybrids to achieve an RF-RF crossoverVV connectorsVan der Pauw measurementsVaractor Phase ShiftersVaractorsVariable AttenuatorsVariable frequency microwaveVariables, circuitVarian ads, historicalVarian brothers, Sigurd and RussellVarian radar ads, historicalVarian Radar Ads-HistoricalVBRVector ModulatorVector network analyzer (VNA)Velocity factorVelocity of lightVelocity, groupVelocity, lightVelocity, light in free spaceVelocity, phaseVia hole inductanceVideo Links NewVideo terminalVipecVirginia TechVirginia, University ofVirtual LobbyVisual inspectionVisualizing VSWRVivaldi AntennaVlad's lumped element filter calculatorVlad's Lumped Element Filter DesignerVNA Help!Void the warranteeVolta, AlessandroVoltage controlled crystal oscillator (VCXO)Voltage controlled oscillator (VCO)Voltage controlled temperature-compensated crystal oscillator (VCTCXO)Voltage droopVoltage dropVoltage followerVoltage regulatorsVoltage standing wave ratio (VSWR)Voltage standing wavesVoltage-controlled oscillators (VCOs)VPIN diodeVPOVSWR
VSWRVSWR (VOLTAGE STANDING WAVE RATIO)VSWR and return lossVSWR CalculatorVSWR, calculating from load impedanceVSWR, problems in medical applicationsVSWR, visualizingVT Fuze (WW II)WWafer processingWafer stepperWaffle-paksWall-plug efficiencyWallet is in the roomWater absorption bandsWater, dielectric propertiesWatson-Watt, Sir Robert A.Waugh AttenuatorWaugh, Raymond W.WaveguideWaveguide componentsWaveguide ConstructionWaveguide cut-off frequencyWaveguide dimensionsWaveguide group delayWaveguide group velocityWaveguide guide wavelengthWaveguide letter bandsWaveguide LossWaveguide MathematicsWaveguide operating bandWaveguide phase velocityWaveguide PrimerWaveguide switchesWaveguide to coax transitionsWaveguide transitionsWaveguide wave impedanceWaveguide, circularWaveguide, dielectric loadedWaveguide, double-ridgedWaveguide, flexibleWaveguide, parallel plateWavemetersWavenumberWebb splitterWeldingWelding - laserWelding - resistanceWelding on the lidWelding, definition ofWen, Cheng P.Wench benchWhat makes a microwave engineer?What about outsourcing?What is crossmodulation?What are composite triple beat and composite second order distortions?What are I-V curves?What are the important considerations in setting signal source levels for my DUT?What causes distortion?
What do all those knobs do?What is carrier-to-noise ratio (C/N) and how is it measured?What is cascade analysis?What is characteristic impedanceWhat is smoothing?What is the relationship between carrier level and second and third order distortions?What RF bandwidth filter should I use for distortion measurement?What types of distortions are important in a cable system?What"s the frequency?What's a Neper?What's a Smith Chart?What's so special about a quarter-wavelength?What's that antenna?What's the frequency?Wheeler's formula (inductance)Wheeler, Harold AldenWhen measuring C/N how do I compensate/determine test equipment noise contribution?Where are They Now?Which way is up and where's that short circuit?White-wireWhy do some measurements appear choppy ?Why does the carrier level drop when the carrier is modulated?Why Fifty Ohms?Why is square modulation used as a test signal when the TV signal SYNC is clearly a much narrower pulse?WiGigWilkinson IsolationWilkinson isolation loadWilkinson power splitter, compactWilkinson power splitter, designing with ExcelWilkinson power splitter, eight-way exampleWilkinson power splitter, lumped elementWilkinson power splittersWire Over Ground Impedance CalculatorWire Transmission LinesWire-wound inductorsWirebond attenuationWirebond Impedance and AttenuationWirebond inductanceWirebond inductance rule of thumbWirebond resistanceWirebondingWirelessWomen in MicrowavesXXNOR gateXOR gateYYagi, HidetsuguYagi-Uda antennaYieldYIG TechnologyYittrium iron garnet (YIG) componentsYoung, LeoZZ0 (characteristic impedance)Z0, measuringZahl, Harold A.
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