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Mindanao’s armed conflict 

Muslim secessionism

Rido

Communist movement

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The Moro Struggle

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Moros(struggle for

autonomy)Vs.

Spaniards  (Christianity & c

Americans (government &

Japanese (violence, fascism

Philippine Governme

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A historical timeline of 

Muslim Mindanao secessionism… (Moro vs. Government)

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-Jabidah Massacre (March 28)

-Muslim Independence Movement (MIM)

Leader: Datu Udtog MatalamArmy: Blackshirt

-Ilaga

Leader: Nortberto Manero

1968

1969 -Moro National Liberation Front (MNLF)

Leader: Nur Misuari

Army: Bangsamoro Army (BMA)

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-Martial Law

Marcos said he declared it for 2 reasons:

1. CPP-NPA

2. chaos in Mindanao

1972

1976-Tripoli Agreement was signed between the

- Philippine Government (Marcos)

- MNLF

- Organization of Islamic Conference (OI

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-Moro Islamic Liberation Front (MILF)

Leader: Hashim Salamat (Maguindanaon)

Army: Bangsamoro Islamic Armed Forces

-MNLF-Reformist

Leader: Dimas Pundato (Maranao)

1977

1987 -Cory’s administration revised the 

Philippine Constitution

- ARMM was created with 4 provinces

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Aquino:ARMM with 4 provinces

Ramos:ARMM got 1 more province, Basilan

the Final Peace Agreement indicating a ceasefire

Estrada:

declared an all-out-war in Mindanao

Arroyo:resumed peace talks, no action

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Rido (clan feuding)

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Major causes of rido:

-Politics

- Land disputes

- Pride (maratabat)

- Retaliation

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There is no ARMM municipality that doesn’t have

a reported case of Rido.

The high rate of rido cases in Muslim areas can be

partly explained by their very close

kinship or family ties.

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Sample cases of rido in Mindanao… 

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CASE 1

Juan planted coconut trees on Mang Pedro’s land. 

Berting (Mang Pedro’s son) told Juan to stop. 

Juan ignored it.

Berting started putting up a house on his father’s land to stop Juan. 

When Juan learned about it, he went to Berting with an M16.

Berting who has a shotgun killed Juan and took his M16.

Juan’s family retaliated. 

The rido continued for 7 years.

Mang pedro was killed.

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CASE 2

Juan and Maria eloped and moved to Lanao del Sur.

After 15 years, the couple returned to Sultan Kudarat.

Juan allegedly had an affair with Emma, Maria’s sister. 

Maria complained about the infidelity of Juan and Emma

Maria’s relatives killed Juan and surrendered Emma to the elders. 

Juan poisoned his wife, Maria.

Juan’s family retaliated. 

Juan’s family killed Maria’s brother. 

The case was resolved by the elders.

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CASE 3

Candle lighting is a tradition during weddings in some Muslim areas..

On a wedding in 1998, Mrs. A made a joke by handing Mr. X a

firecracker instead of candles.

Unaware of the prank, Mr. X lit the firecracker.

Mr. X lost his fingers in the blast.

The son of Mr. X, retaliated and killed the husband of Mrs. A.

The son of Mrs. A killed Mr. Z and took his guns and farm animals.

The rido still continues until today.

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One of the major effects of armed conflict:

POVERTY

Mindanao is the poorest island in the country…

for more than a decade now.

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The highest rate of poverty is in the rural

areas.

Eating different types of alternative food is a

practical remedy. The highest rate of poverty is

in the rural areas.

Eating different types of alternative food is a

practical remedy.

Poverty leads to hunger.

Mindanao has the highest rate of hunger in the coun

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4.7 million families in Mindanao are below the pov

These families do not earn enough to get food

themselves at least once a day.

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People has to find alternative foods.

Examples of which are batods and sago.

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Tradional cooking tools. Agusan del Sur, 2011.

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SAGO, an alternative for rice in lumad areas.

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