Department of National Defence
Defence Research and Development Canada
Industry Canada
November 17, 2009
Soldier Systems Technology Roadmap
Workshop 2:
Power/Energy and Sustainability
Vancouver, September 21-23, 2009
Volume 1: Report
ii
Acknowledgements
The Department of National Defence (DND), Defence Research and Development
Canada (DRDC), and Industry Canada (IC) would like to acknowledge the contributions
and support provided by the IC Special Events team that organized the Power/Energy
Sustainability workshop venue, logistics, and accommodations; Technôpole Defence
and Security (TDS); the Soldier Systems TRM Power/Energy/Sustainability Technical
Subcommittee and the co-chairs, for sharing their time and expertise; the National
Research Council Institute for Fuel Cell Innovation, which provided workshop
participants with a tour of their facilities; The Strategic Review Group Inc, which
facilitated the workshop; and the participants from across Canada, the United States,
and abroad, who contributed to making the workshop a success. Special thanks to those
who presented at the workshop, for their time, energy, and knowledge.
iii
Table of Contents
Abstract ................................................................................................................vii
Executive Summary .............................................................................................vii
Part I. Workshop Context, Process, and Agenda ................................................. 9
1. Power/Energy/Sustainability and the Soldier Systems TRM ........................ 10
1.1 About the Soldier Systems Technology Roadmap (TRM) ............................ 10
1.2 Power/Energy/Sustainability's Place in the Roadmap .................................. 11
1.3 Tools for Collaboration – ICee Database and Wiki, and Roadmapping
Software ...................................................................................................... 13
2. Workshop Process and Agenda ................................................................... 15
2.1 Tour of the NRC Institute for Fuel Cell Innovation ........................................ 15
2.2 Presentations ............................................................................................... 15
2.3 Working Sessions ........................................................................................ 15
2.4 Workshop Results ........................................................................................ 16
2.5 The Workshop Agenda ................................................................................ 19
Part II. Workshop Presentations ........................................................................ 22
3. Workshop Presentation Abstracts ................................................................ 23
3.1 Welcome, Opening Remarks & Soldier Modernization Effort – LCol. M.A.
Bodner, Defence R&D Canada (DRDC) ....................................................... 23
3.2 Soldier Systems TRM Rationale and Governance – Geoff Nimmo, Industry
Canada ........................................................................................................ 24
3.3 Positioning to Meet Future Soldier Modernization Effort Opportunities –
Chummer Farina, Director General IS-ADMB, Industry Canada ................... 24
3.4 Day 1 Program, Process, and Deliverables – Phil Carr, The Strategic Review
Group Inc. .................................................................................................... 25
iv
3.5 Review of the Visioning Workshop Results – Phil Carr, The Strategic Review
Group Inc. .................................................................................................... 26
3.6 Integrated Soldier System Project – Major Bruno Turmel, DLR 5-6 / ISSP,
DND ............................................................................................................. 26
3.7 Capability Requirements in a Soldier Context – Ed Andrukaitis, DRDC ....... 28
3.8 Architecture: Manage Your Power Before it Manages You – Claude J.
Lemelin, DSSPM, DND ................................................................................ 28
3.9 System Integration of Power and Energy: State-of-the-Art Overview – David
Cripe, Rockwell Collins, Inc. ......................................................................... 29
3.10 Industry Collaboration & Exchange Environment Tool (ICee) – Vincent
Ricard, Defence Support Contractor DSSPM, DND ..................................... 30
3.11 Energy Storage, Portable Batteries, State-of-the-Art Overview – Dr. Ian Hill,
NRC ............................................................................................................. 31
3.12 Energy Systems Fuel Cells, State-of-the-Art Overview – Dr. G. McLean,
Angstrom Power .......................................................................................... 31
3.13 Energy Harvesting – Dr. Max Donelan, CSO, Bionic Power ......................... 32
3.14 E-Textile Power Distribution Electrically Conductive Textiles, State-of-the-Art
Overview – Dr. S. Swallow, Intelligent Textiles Limited ................................ 33
3.15 Update on Photovoltaics and CIPI (Luncheon Speaker) – Robert Corriveau,
President & CEO, CIPI ................................................................................. 34
Part III. The Working Sessions: Participant Input and Results ........................... 36
4. Working Sessions 1-2: Drivers and Products .............................................. 37
4.1 Working Session 1: Needs or Drivers ........................................................... 37
4.2 Working Session 2: Devices or Products ..................................................... 40
5. Working Session 3: Technologies – Stickies on "The Wall" ......................... 52
5.1 Mapping the Technologies ........................................................................... 52
5.2 Results: Focus Technology Areas Identified ................................................ 54
v
6. Working Session 4: Collaborations and Projects .......................................... 56
6.1 Project Definition and Participation .............................................................. 56
6.2 Results: Six Technology Projects/R&D priority areas for Collaboration ........ 58
6.2.1 Power/Energy Standards Future Project........................................... 58
6.2.2 Connectors Project ........................................................................... 59
6.2.3 Storage (Batteries) Project ............................................................... 60
6.2.4 Integrating Power Sources Project ................................................... 61
6.2.5 Fuel Cells Project ............................................................................. 62
6.2.6 Electro-Textiles Project ..................................................................... 63
7. Next Steps .................................................................................................... 64
7.1 Developing the Collaborative Power/Energy Projects .................................. 64
7.2 Sharing Knowledge with the ICee Database and Wiki .................................. 64
7.3 Upcoming Workshops .................................................................................. 64
Appendixes
A. List of Workshop Participants ....................................................................... 66
B. The Strategic Review Group Inc. Facilitators ............................................... 72
C. Power/Energy Mindmaps ............................................................................. 73
List of Figures
Figure 1. Power/Energy's Place in the Roadmap ................................................ 11
Figure 2. Power/Energy's Place in the Soldier SystemError! Bookmark not defined.
Figure 3. The Industry Collaboration and Exchange Environment (ICee)
Home Page.......................................................................................... 14
Figure 4. The Workshop Process........................................................................ 18
vi
Figure 5. The Workshop Agenda ........................................................................ 19
Figure 6. Major Turmel in Battle Gear ................................................................. 27
Figure 7. Working Session 1 Handout – Power/Energy Visioning....................... 38
Figure 8. Working Session 2. Product/Device Worksheet .................................. 41
Figure 9. Power and Energy Product/Device Worksheets for each of
Ten Tables of Participants .................................................................... 42
Figure 10. Working Session 3: Participants at "The Wall" ................................... 53
Figure 11. Working Session 3 Results Table ...................................................... 55
Figure 12. Working Session 4: Areas Identified for Project Development ........... 57
Figure 13. Power Sources/Generation Mindmap ................................................ 74
Figure 14. Power Connectors Mindmap .............................................................. 75
Figure 15. Power/Energy Management Mindmap ............................................... 76
Figure 16. Energy Consumption Devices Mindmap ............................................ 77
vii
Abstract
The Power/Energy/Sustainability workshop, held in Vancouver in September, 2009, was
the first of a series of technical workshops associated with the Soldier Systems
Technology Roadmap (TRM) project. The project brings together representatives of
industry, government, and academia to address the needs of the Canadian soldier of
tomorrow. This report describes the importance of power, energy, and sustainability in
the context of the soldier system. It outlines the workshop process and agenda, provides
abstracts of the workshop presentations, and describes the workshop's four working
sessions, which resulted in the identification of six collaborative projects for further
development in the areas of power and energy standards, connectors, storage
(batteries), power-source integration, fuel cells, and electro-textiles.
Executive Summary
This report describes the purpose, activities, and outcomes of the Power/Energy/
Sustainability Workshop held in Vancouver, BC, September 21-23, 2009. The workshop
was the first in a series of technical workshops associated with the Soldier Systems
Technology Roadmap (TRM) initiative, and follows the Visioning and Future Capabilities
Workshop held earlier in the year.
Part I. Workshop Context and Process introduces the Soldier Systems TRM – a
unique industry-government collaboration that applies roadmapping principles and
processes to build shared knowledge and identify technology opportunities in support of
the Canadian Forces Soldier Modernization Effort. It defines the soldier system as the
integration of everything the dismounted soldier wears, carries, and consumes for
enhanced operational capability for domestic and expeditionary operations.
Part 1 also places the Power/Energy/Sustainability workshop in the context of the overall
Soldier Systems TRM process, and explains why power was chosen as the focus of the
first "technical" workshop. It describes the tools provided for collaboration among
roadmap participants, including the Industry Collaboration and Exchange Environment
(ICee) online database and Wiki, and roadmapping software. And it outlines the process
followed during the workshop.
viii
Part II. The Workshop Presentations provides abstracts of the presentations made by
industry, DND, and others at the workshop. It provides a link to the website where the
presentation decks are available for download.
Part III. The Working Sessions: Participant Input and Results describes the four
working sessions conducted during the workshop. The working sessions led participants
through a process of defining goals, drivers, gaps, and challenges related to the soldier
system; identifying possible products or devices to address those challenges; and
narrowing the focus to the most promising key areas.
The workshop culminated in the definition of six projects for further, ongoing
collaboration and development in the area of power/energy/ sustainability and the soldier
system:
Power/Energy Standards
Power/Energy Connectors
Power/Energy Storage (Batteries)
Integrating Power Sources
Fuel Cells
Electro-Textiles
Page 9 of 77
Part I. Workshop Context, Process, and Agenda
______________________________________________________________________
This part of the report:
Describes the Power/Energy/Sustainability Workshop in the
context of the Soldier Systems Technology Roadmap
Outlines the process followed during the workshop
Provides abstracts of the workshop presentations
Page 10 of 77
1. Power/Energy/Sustainability and the Soldier Systems TRM
This report describes the activities and results of the Power/Energy/Sustainability
workshop held in Vancouver, B.C., September 21-23, 2009, as part of the Soldier
Systems Technology Roadmap (TRM) initiative. This was the second in a series of
planned workshops, and follows the Visioning and Future Capabilities Workshop held
earlier this year and described in a separate report available from Industry Canada.
1.1 About the Soldier Systems Technology Roadmap (TRM)
The Soldier Systems Technology Roadmap (TRM) is a unique industry-government
collaboration project. It is designed to apply roadmapping principles and processes to
develop a comprehensive knowledge-sharing platform and identify technology
opportunities in support of the Canadian Forces Soldier Modernization Effort.
Participation is free and voluntary, and open to Canadian and international
manufacturing, services, and technology-based companies of all sizes, as well as
researchers and other experts from academia, government, and not-for-profit research
organizations from Canada and around the world.
The focus of the Soldier Systems TRM – the soldier system – is defined within NATO as
the integration of everything the soldier wears, carries and consumes for enhanced
individual and collective (small unit) capability within the national command and control
structure. It centers on the needs of the dismounted soldier, who is often away from the
supply network and must be self-sufficient for up to 72 hours.
The overarching goal of the Soldier Systems TRM is to understand how today's
technology – and tomorrow's – might contribute to a superior soldier system that
increases operational effectiveness for the individual soldier in the five NATO capability
areas of Command and Control (C4I), Survivability, Mobility, Lethality, and Sustainability.
The Soldier Systems TRM exercise is governed by an Executive Steering Committee
made up of government and industry representatives, and includes a technical sub-
committee dedicated to each technology area of focus.
For information about any aspect of the Soldier Systems Technology Roadmap project,
visit http://www.soldiersystems-systemesdusoldat.collaboration.gc.ca
Page 11 of 77
1.2 Power/Energy/Sustainability's Place in the Roadmap
As noted, the Power/Energy/Sustainability (referred
to in this document as ―power and energy,‖ or simply
―power‖) workshop is one in a series of workshops
conducted or planned for locations across Canada
as part of the development phase of the Soldier
Systems TRM (See Figure 1. Power/Energy's
Place in the Roadmap).
Although each workshop in the development phase
focuses on a different area of the soldier system, all
are part of a highly inter-related, ongoing process,
with "cross fertilization" of ideas encouraged and
expected. Guided by their respective sub-
committees, activities will continue in each key area
throughout the development phase of the
roadmapping process and beyond.
What's more, although the roadmapping process
development phase is finite, its goal is to help put in
place collaborative efforts and projects that will
continue to address Canadian Soldier Systems
needs into the future as the TRM moves into its full
implementation phase.
Why power/energy first?
Within the Soldier Systems TRM, power refers to
electrical power. Power was chosen as the topic of
the first of the "technical" workshops associated with
the roadmap because power is a primary driver and
enabler of other soldier-level capabilities.
Essentially, electrical power will be a component
affecting almost every aspect of the soldier system.
Figure 1. Power/Energy's Place in the Roadmap
1.
Visioning & Future Capabilities
(Held in June 2009)
2. Technical Workshop:
Power/Energy/Sustainability
3. Technical Workshop:
Weapons: Lethal & Non-Lethal
4. Technical
Workshop:
C4I
6. Technical Workshop:
Survivability/Equipment/Clothing
& Footwear/Load Carriage
7. Technical Workshop:
Human & Systems Integration
8.
Roadmap Integration
5. Technical
Workshop:
Sensors
Page 12 of 77
It was noted early in this workshop that, in pursuing soldier modernization, most other
countries explored all areas of soldier needs, leaving the power component to the very
end of the exercise. This led to an impasse—as they progressed, they identified
incrementally a kit of equipment that had so many ―new‖ capabilities that they could not
possibly be powered by a device carried by the soldier.
In an effort to build on those experiences, the Soldier Systems TRM discusses the
technologies needed to explore developments in power technologies first. As with all of
the technical workshops, the Power and Energy theme will be readdressed at the
Roadmap Integration Workshop.
Page 13 of 77
1.3 Tools for Collaboration – ICee Database and Wiki, and Roadmapping Software
A key to the success of any technical roadmapping initiative is ensuring easy
collaboration among its participants. For the Soldier Systems TRM, two tools – a
database/Wiki (ICee), and roadmapping software – will be used to do this.
The Industry Collaboration and Exchange Environment (ICee)
The Industry Collaboration and Exchange Environment (ICee) is an online database of
information relevant to soldier systems to which participants can contribute, and a Wiki
that enables online networking, communication, and contribution to the roadmapping
process on an ongoing basis. (See Figure 3. Industry Collaboration and Exchange
Environment (ICee) Home Page.)
The ICee is open to all who wish to participate in the Soldier Systems Technology
Roadmap. It is a single tool that includes password-protected sections for
communicating restricted, sensitive information meant for a specific selected audience.
1.4 Roadmapping Software
Industry Canada is in the process of acquiring roadmapping software that will enable it to
foster and track the collaborations and progress of the Soldier Systems TRM, and share
the information with all participants in the process. It will allow to capture over time the
link between the elements (i.e. capabilities, products, technologies, projects, resources)
that constitute a TRM. Information about the software will be posted on the Soldier
Systems TRM website when it becomes available.
Page 14 of 77
Figure 3. The Industry Collaboration and Exchange Environment (ICee) Home Page
The Industry Collaboration and Exchange Environment (ICee) is an online database of
information relevant to soldier systems to which participants can contribute, and a Wiki that
enables online networking, communication, and contribution to the roadmapping process on an
ongoing basis.
Page 15 of 77
2. Workshop Process and Agenda
The goal of the Power, Energy, Sustainability workshop was to identify projects in the
areas of power and energy that are relevant to the Soldier System and that can be the
focus of further collaboration and development.
To achieve this goal, the workshop followed a carefully designed process (Figure 4.
The Workshop Process, on page 17) and Agenda (Figure 5. The Workshop Agenda,
on page 18) that included presentations and working sessions leading to the defining of
concrete projects for which participants could "sign on" for further participation.
2.1 Tour of the NRC Institute for Fuel Cell Innovation
On the optional first day of the workshop – which preceded the presentations and
working sessions – about 35 participants attended a tour of the National Research
Council (NRC) Institute for Fuel Cell Innovation (IFCI) (http://www.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/ifci-
iipc/index.html). They visited IFCI labs and were given the chance to ride in fuel-cell
powered vehicles.
2.2 Presentations
During the second and third days of the workshop, presentations by DND, industry, and
other participants provided background on the roadmapping process, aspects of the
soldier system in Canada and abroad, and state-of-the-art overviews on various aspects
of power, energy, and sustainability in the soldier system context.
Abstracts of the presentations are provided in Chapter 3, Presentation Abstracts. The
presentation slide decks are available at http://www.strategicreviewgroup.ca/soldier-
systems-technology-roadmap/sstrm-power-energy-sustainability-technical-workshop/
2.3 Working Sessions
They were designed to facilitate discussion at each table and to elicit input from
workshop participants. Specific questions were provided as a framework for the
discussions, and the results were recorded and discussed.
Page 16 of 77
Four working sessions were conducted, during which participants addressed specific
questions and issues related to power and the soldier system. Each session built on the
results of the preceding session. The goals of the sessions were to:
1. Identify the needs and drivers of the necessary technology associated with
Soldier system power/energy requirements, and the gaps and challenges
associated with those needs and drivers
2. Identify possible products to address the gaps and challenges
3. Identify the technologies needed to develop the identified products
4. Define actual projects related to power/energy/sustainability and the Soldier
System for further collaboration and development
While structured, the working sessions also provided the flexibility to think innovatively
about addressing these issues. A plenary debrief followed each session, during which
participants shared the results of their discussions.
The working sessions are described in Chapters 4-6.
2.4 Workshop Results
The cumulative result of the presentations and working sessions was the identification of
six collaborative projects designed to address the issue of Power/Energy within the
soldier system:
Power/Energy Standards
connectors
Storage (Batteries)
Integrating Power Sources
Fuel Cells
Electro-textiles
A sign-up sheet accompanied each project description, and participants who were
interested in pursuing the projects were asked to sign up for them.
The projects, and the participant lists, are described in Chapter 7.
Page 17 of 77
Page 18 of 77
Figure 4. The Workshop Process
The
workshop
process
followed a
recognized
logic used to
develop
Technology
Roadmaps
Working Session 1. Needs/
Drivers
To discuss and confirm the drivers of Soldier System power/energy requirements
Working Session 2. Products
To discuss possible products that would address the gaps and challenges
Working Session 3.
Technologies
To discuss the technologies required to develop the identified products,
and the time horizons of those technologies Working Sessions 3-4.
Working Session 4.
Collaborations/Projects
To discuss potential collaboration opportunities to crack the identified technologies
Working Sessions 3-4. Technologies and
Projects
Presentations on Power/Energy and the
soldier system
Presentations on Power/Energy and the
Soldier System
Working Session 1. Needs and Drivers
Presentations: Power/Energy and the
Soldier System
Presentations:
Roadmapping and the
Soldier Systems TRM
Collaborative Technology Projects to Pursue
Working Session 2 Products
Page 19 of 77
2.5 The Workshop Agenda
Figure 5. The Workshop Agenda
Day 1 – September 21, 2009 (Optional)
1hr30 – 4h30 Visit to the NRC Fuel Cell Institute
18hr – 20hr Networking Dinner
Day 2 – September 22, 2009
7h45 – 8h30 Registration (Continental Breakfast)
0 8h30 – 9h00 Welcome and Opening Remarks & Introduction of Technical Sub-
Committee members, LCol. M.A. Bodner (DND)
Overv
iew
9h00 – 9h15 Soldier Systems Technology Roadmap Overview, Mr. G. Nimmo (IC)
9h15 – 9h35 Participation in Soldier Systems TRM: Positioning to Meet Future Soldier Modernization Effort Opportunities, Mr. C. Farina (IC)
9h35 – 9h50 Day 1 Program, Process and Deliverables Mr. P. Carr
9h50– 10h20 Coffee Break
10h20 – 10h50 Return on Visioning Workshop, Mr. P. Carr
1 10h50 – 11h10
Today‘s Soldier Power Situation and Future ISSP Power and Weight Requirements, Maj. B. Turmel (DND)
Need
s
11h10- 11h30 Power/Energy & Sustainability: Capability Requirements / Soldier Context/ Energy Consumers-Demand Dr E. Andrukaitis (DND, DRDC Atlantic)
11h30 – 12h15 Breakaway Roundtables Session 1: Capability goals, drivers, challenges and gaps for various scenarios/missions
12h15 – 13h30
Lunch (not provided) and Networking
13h30 – 14h15 Report Back (Plenary) Session 1, Mr P. Carr
Page 20 of 77
2 14h15 – 14h30 Briefing on Power Architecture Options, Control and Management,
Mr. C. Lemelin (DND)
Pro
du
cts
14h30 – 14h45 Briefing on the Integration of Power and Energy, Mr. D. Cripe (Rockwell Collins)
14h45– 16h00 Breakaway roundtables session 2: Products and sub-systems: space, needs, performance goals, challenges, gaps
14h45 - 15h15 Coffee available
16h00 – 16h30 Report Back (Plenary) Session 2 and Wrap-up of Day 1 Workshop, Mr P. Carr
16h30 – 17h00 Collaboration Tool (ICee) Training Session
Day 3 – September 23, 2009
7h45 – 8h30 Registration (Continental Breakfast)
8h30 – 8h45 Opening Comments, Overview of Day 2 Content and Process, Mr. P. Carr
3 8h45 – 9h05 Briefing on Energy Storage – Batteries, State-of-the-art Overview, Dr.
I. Hill (NRC)
Tech
no
log
ies
9h05 – 9h25 Briefing on Power Generation – Fuel Cells, State-of-the-art Overview, Ged McLean (Angstrom)
9h25-9h45 Briefing on Power Generation/ Energy Harvesting – Electro-Mechanical Devices, State-of-the-art Overview, Mr. M. Donelan (Bionic Power Inc)
9h45-10h05 Briefing on Power Transmission/Connection and Electro Textiles, Dr. S. Swallow (Intelligent Textiles Limited)
10h05– 10h30 Coffee break
10h30 – 12h00 Breakaway Roundtables Session 3: Technology options through concept mapping (a.k.a. mindmap), readiness, challenges, gaps
12h00 – 13h30 12h55 – 13h25
Lunch (not provided) and Networking Guest Speaker: Photovoltaics Projects within CIPI Mr. R. Corriveau Can. Inst. For Photonics Innovation,
13h30 – 14h00 Report Back (Plenary) Session 3 and Introduction to Session 4, Mr. P. Carr
Page 21 of 77
4 14h00 – 14h15 Briefing on Integration/Joint Project Opportunities, Mr. P. Carr
Pro
jects
14h15– 16h00 Breakaway Roundtables Session 4: Collaboration Opportunities Addressing Capability, Products, and Technology Gaps
15h00 - 15h30 Coffee available
16h00 - 16h45 Report Back (Plenary) Session 4, Mr. P. Carr
16h45 – 17h00 Wrap-up, TRM Next Steps, and Concluding Remarks, TSC industry co-chairs, and LCol. M. Bodner and M. P. Carr
Page 22 of 77
Part II. Workshop Presentations
______________________________________________________________________
This part of the report provides abstracts of the presentations made
at the workshop. The presentation decks are available in their
entirety:
In Volume 2. Slide Decks, of the Power/Energy and
Sustainability Workshop documents
At The Strategic Review Group Inc. website:
http://www.strategicreviewgroup.ca/soldier-systems-
technology-roadmap/sstrm-power-energy-sustainability-
technical-workshop/
Using the ICee-Wiki tool:
http://soldiersystems-systemesdusoldat.collaboration.gc.ca
They will also be available on the Soldier Systems TRM site:
http://soldiersystems-systemesdusoldat.collaboration.gc.ca/eic/site/sstrm-
crtss.nsf/eng/home
Page 23 of 77
3. Workshop Presentation Abstracts
To augment the knowledge and expertise that participants brought to the workshop,
industry and government stakeholders presented information about the Soldier Systems
Technology Roadmap, about various aspects of Canadian Soldier Systems thinking and
requirements, and about the soldier‘s future needs.
This chapter provides abstracts of these presentations. The slide decks for the
presentations are available at: http://www.strategicreviewgroup.ca/soldier-systems-
technology-roadmap/sstrm-power-energy-sustainability-technical-workshop/
3.1 Welcome, Opening Remarks & Soldier Modernization Effort – LCol. M.A. Bodner, Defence R&D Canada (DRDC)
Welcomes workshop participants and introduces key DND players. Provides background
on Soldier Systems history,
technologies, domains, rationale, and
related initiatives. Outlines objectives
and roles of industry and
government, and explains what the
roadmap is not. Makes clear that the
Soldier Systems TRM is not part of
the procurement process, but a
collaborative effort by DND, industry,
academia and others to better
understand and respond to the needs
of the Canadian soldier of the future.
Provides a soldier-centric Canadian
Forces vision for 2028 in the context
of the framework of the Army of Tomorrow and existing modernization efforts. Discusses
the roadmap timeframe and related projects. Defines a Soldier System and describes
current work on soldier systems in NATO and around the world. Explains future soldier
systems challenges, describes DRDC programs, and introduces the subject of Power
and Energy and the Advance Soldier Adaptive Power (ASAP) Technology
Demonstration Project (TDP). Concludes with description of the benefits of the Soldier
Systems TRM to the Forces, DND, and the Government of Canada in the short, mid,
Page 24 of 77
and long term. Includes a list of Power/Energy/Sustainability Technical Sub-Committee
members and an overview of the workshop agenda.
3.2 Soldier Systems TRM Rationale and Governance – Geoff Nimmo, Industry Canada
Defines technology roadmapping (TRM) and provides examples of Canadian experience
with roadmapping. Describes the
Soldier Systems TRM, including its
status, key stakeholders,
organization and governance.
Includes a list of Executive Steering
Committee members, an outline of
the Soldier Systems TRM phases
and process, and overviews of the
workshop flows, project enablers, the
present situation, and a draft
schedule for upcoming Soldier
Systems TRM workshops.
3.3 Positioning to Meet Future Soldier Modernization Effort Opportunities – Chummer Farina, Director General IS-ADMB, Industry Canada
Explains the need to understand and
prepare for the future, including key
capability needs and areas of
opportunity. Summarizes increases in
soldier-level technical investment over
the past 50 years, and emphasizes
that soldier modernization investments
will continue to grow. Outlines multiple
global modernization efforts and
markets, and forecasts steady global
Page 25 of 77
growth and significant submarket opportunities.
Describes the roles various
government organizations designed
to address the need for innovation in
this area. Includes an overview of
future Canadian soldier
modernization elements,
implementation approach, and a
summary of the benefits to industry
and economic competitiveness of
early engagement and collaboration
in this process.
3.4 Day 1 Program, Process, and Deliverables – Phil Carr, The Strategic Review Group Inc.
Outlines the objectives of the
Workshop in the areas of missions,
capabilities, and technologies.
Describes the process the workshop
will follow, including presentations on
soldier's needs and related areas of
technology, group discussions,
reporting back to all participants, and
compilation of the results in a report.
Explains the purpose, process, and
products of the four working session
discussions that will take place
during the workshop. Points out that this workshop is part of a larger exercise that
includes workshops on related subjects. Provides initial instructions to workshop
participants.
Page 26 of 77
3.5 Review of the Visioning Workshop Results – Phil Carr, The Strategic Review Group Inc.
Describes the objectives of the
Visioning and Future Capabilities
Workshop held in Gatineau, June 16-
17, 2009, which focused on
Energy/Power and Sustainability, C4I
Sensors, Survivability, and Lethal and
Non-lethal weapons at the level of the
dismounted soldier. Results were
compiled in a Vision and Future
Capabilities report. Describes the type
of information gathered, and how it will
be used to inform this and subsequent
workshops.
3.6 Integrated Soldier System Project – Major Bruno Turmel, DLR 5-6 / ISSP, DND
To illustrate the amount and weight of some of the gear a soldier must carry, Major Turmel made
his presentation dressed in battle gear (See Figure 6. Major Turmel in Battle Gear).
Provides an overview of the Soldier
System Vision and the soldier of
today, tomorrow, and the future.
Describes deficiencies based on
lessons learned in the field. Explains
the need for power on operations,
and provides an overview of the
power components used on
operations. Emphasizes the need to
control the weight the soldier must
carry. Includes information about
power distribution and the power and
data infrastructure, as well as the
availability of power and the need for graceful degradation of power in the field.
Page 27 of 77
Figure 6. Major Turmel in Battle Gear
To illustrate the amount
and weight of the gear
carried by a soldier in the
field, Major Turmel gave
his presentation dressed
in battle gear. Participants
were invited to examine
the equipment following
the presentation.
(Photo: Mark Gray,
Industry Canada)
Page 28 of 77
3.7 Capability Requirements in a Soldier Context – Ed Andrukaitis, DRDC
Provides background on energy as a
critical combat requirement. Defines
and explains the need for energy
sustainability. Describes the soldier's
current energy load and the drivers,
such as density, power density,
safety, voltage, and more, to take
into account when developing power
solutions. Emphasizes the need for
affordability as a key driver, and
outlines the power/energy scope,
including sources, distribution,
management, and consumption.
Assesses future power demand. Describes NATO power initiatives. Lists power-
consuming soldier system accessories developed in the past three decades and
explains power consumption by equipment. Provides a U.S. forecast for power
expenditure and its relationship to weight. Concludes with an overview of the key power-
related challenges related to the soldier system.
3.8 Architecture: Manage Your Power Before it Manages You – Claude J. Lemelin, DSSPM, DND
Describes the premise of the soldier
modernization effort. Discusses the
need to lower combat weight.
Explains how the Soldier System
relies on energy, and why managing
consumption is critical. Provides an
overview of the desired features or
key drivers of a power architecture,
including usability, modularity,
graceful degradation, and more.
Outlines the main types of
architecture – distributed,
Page 29 of 77
centralized, and mixed – and their pros and cons. Concludes with a description of the
desired end state for a soldier-systems architecture.
3.9 System Integration of Power and Energy: State-of-the-Art Overview – David Cripe, Rockwell Collins, Inc.
Begins with basic assumptions of a
soldier systems power/energy
system, including high-level power
requirements and strategy. Points
out that present power support is
―point based‖ rather than systematic.
Describes the challenge associated
with integrating power and energy,
and the metrics to be considered
during system design and
component selection. Raises the
question of what the proper mix is for
power sources. Warns about the
risks of overspecialization (the Panda approach) vs. generalization (the Rat approach),
and the need to limit single-source dependencies.
Provides an overview of the state of
the art of soldier systems power and
energy, and its components.
Describes promising technologies
that are currently in development,
including projects underway in
Canada, such as photoelectric,
nano-thermoelectric, spintronics, J-
TEC proton-membrane cells, and
more. Presents a vision for the next
5-to-7 years for soldier systems
power and energy development:
power/energy development should provide the future network soldier with self-
sufficiency without re-supplying for the mission duration (increased energy
efficiency and minimum weight added).
Page 30 of 77
3.10 Industry Collaboration & Exchange Environment Tool (ICee) – Vincent Ricard, Defence Support Contractor DSSPM, DND
Describes the online database and Wiki tool for promoting collaboration for the Soldier
Systems roadmap. Provides an
overview of the tool's purpose and
basic concept. Defines and describes
the main components: the password-
protected ICee Database for
collecting key information; and the
ICee Wiki where online collaboration
takes place. Presents an online
demonstration of the tool to
workshop participants. Describes
user roles, documentation, and
support. Lists advantages for users.
Provided link to the online tool:
http://soldiersystems-systemesdusoldat.collaboration.gc.ca and instructions for getting
started. Notes that participation in the online community is an important key to the
success of the Soldier Systems TRM. Online training is available at the web site.
Notes:
It was announced at the workshop that the ICee tool would be officially launched
on October 7, 2009.
The ICee training environment was available for participants to try out during the
workshop:
"My experience in using the ICee Tool has been very positive. ICee will
be of great help for sharing information and connecting its users' ideas
and companies."
Kevin Tang, Principal Engineer, Raytheon Canada Ltd.
Page 31 of 77
3.11 Energy Storage, Portable Batteries, State-of-the-Art Overview – Dr. Ian Hill, NRC
Provides a brief background on portable batteries and defines the scope of the present
discussion. Explains why energy
storage is essential to the
dismounted soldier, and the role that
batteries play in providing it. Outlines
constraints for soldier-level
application, such as weight, safety,
and cost, and describes selected
systems currently in production.
Describes what is being done in this
area in Canada. Concludes with a
vision for portable batteries and the
Soldier System over the next 5-7
years, and a table showing the
capacity and energy densities of a range of batteries.
3.12 Energy Systems Fuel Cells, State-of-the-Art Overview – Dr. G. McLean, Angstrom Power
Describes fuel-cell technology process and advantages. Outlines passive and active-
design fuel-cell system
configurations. Discusses fuel
options for passive and active
designs. Describes system
alternatives for dismounted soldier
applications. Outlines constraints on
fuel-cell technology. Concludes with
an overview of the state of the art of
fuel-cell systems, an overview of
what is being done in Canada, and a
vision for the next 5-7 years of fuel-
cell technology development.
Page 32 of 77
3.13 Energy Harvesting – Dr. Max Donelan, CSO, Bionic Power
Describes human power as an
attractive energy source. Outlines its
limitations. Provides an overview of
the state of the art of energy-
harvesting techniques, including
lightning packs, self-winding
wristwatches, and SRI shoe energy
harvesting. Describes what is
currently being done in Canada.
Emphasizes the importance of linking
the technology to the dismounted
soldier, keeping in mind mission
duration, range, weight, logistics, and
cost.
Describes constraints, such as
soldier comfort and performance,
mission scenario, device power
output, and soldier power
requirements, to be considered in
the soldier-level application of
energy harvesting. Concludes with a
vision of energy-harvesting
technology development for the next
5-7 years, and of additional R&D
needed in this area.
Page 33 of 77
3.14 E-Textile Power Distribution Electrically Conductive Textiles, State-of-the-Art Overview – Dr. S. Swallow, Intelligent Textiles Limited
Explains why power distribution is
essential to the dismounted soldier,
and links the technology to the
soldier. Points out that a centralized
power supply allows higher energy-
density power sources to be used,
guarantees greater efficiency of
energy usage, but results in many
interconnecting wires and cables.
Describes issues associated with
wires and cables, including fatigue
breakage, bulkiness, lack of
redundancy, discomfort for the
soldier, and more.
Describes constrains to consider in a
soldier-level application of e-textiles,
such as robustness, connector
considerations, human factors, and
more. Provides an overview of the
state of the art of e-textiles. Describes
the work currently being done in
Canada. Offers a vision for the next 5-
7 years for e-textile development,
focusing on a "system of systems"
layered USB network.
Page 34 of 77
3.15 Update on Photovoltaics and CIPI (Luncheon Speaker) – Robert Corriveau, President & CEO, CIPI
Provides an overview of photovoltaics, the Canadian photonic industry, photovoltaics in
Canadian universities, and the Canadian Institute for Photonic Innovations (CIPI).
Forecasts increasing solar photovoltaic demand, and predicts it will surpass $100B by
2013. Provides a solar PV module cost breakdown and describes US venture capital
investments in clean energy for 2006-07 in the areas of biofuel, solar, fuel cells,
batteries, and smart grids.
Outlines the efficiency of solar cells. Shows the technology development process for
solar energy and investment opportunities. Describes a photovoltaic concentrator
solution.
Page 35 of 77
Discusses the Canadian Solar
Industry Association, the industry,
and research at universities.
Describes the CIPI (Canadian
Institute for Photonic Innovations)
network, the history of ten projects,
and photovoltaic projects supported
by CIPI. Introduces the TEN
(Technology Exploitation and
Networking) program, IPA
(Innovative Photonic Applications)
program. Emphasizes the need for
partnership to continue progress.
Page 36 of 77
Part III. The Working Sessions: Participant Input and Results
______________________________________________________________________
This part of the report describes the process and results of the
workshop's four working sessions, which were designed to generate
and focus discussion among the workshop participants. It includes:
Capability goals, and technology drivers and gaps discussed
during the first working session, and possible devices to
address those needs and goals that were put forward during
the second working session
A Power/Energy/Sustainability for Soldier Systems concept
mapping exercise designed to sharpen the focus on areas for
potential collaboration, and
Six ongoing, collaborative technology development projects that
emerged from the workshop based on the presentations and
working session discussions
Page 37 of 77
4. Working Sessions 1-2: Drivers and Products
This chapter describes the goals, process, and results of the first two working sessions,
which were held on day 1 of the workshop. These sessions were designed to:
1. Identify and confirm the drivers of Soldier System power/energy requirements
2. Discuss possible products that would address existing gaps and challenges
4.1 Working Session 1: Needs or Drivers
The first working session followed presentation 3.7, Capability Requirements in a Soldier
Context. It was designed to introduce participants to the breakaway session approach,
and to initiate discussion about power and energy in the soldier system context.
Working Session 1 Inputs
Groups of participants at about a dozen tables with 10 or more participants each, were
given copies of the participant output from the Power and Energy portion of the Visioning
Workshop held earlier in the year (see Figure 7. Working Session 1 Handout –
Power/Energy Visioning.) and asked to address these questions:
1. Using the table as a starting point, what are the 3 main drivers of the dismounted
soldier's power/energy requirements? (e.g., Weight? Form factor? Fragility? ...).
Why are these particularly important
2. What are the major technology gaps/challenges related to those drivers?
3. Can you associate a timeline or horizon – 5, 10, or 15 years – to successfully
overcome those gaps/challenges?
Each table posted a summary of their conclusions on a flip chart. Following the session,
the spokespersons of a number of tables were asked to report their observations to all
the workshop participants. The flip chart sheets from all the tables were then collected
for later review and analysis.
Page 38 of 77
Figure 7. Working Session 1Handout – Power/Energy Visioning
As a starting point for Working Session 1, participants were given the results of the
Power/Energy output from the Soldier Systems Visioning Workshop held in June 2009.
Page 39 of 77
Working Session 1 Results
Participants
identified a range
of drivers and
gaps in the areas
of power, energy,
sustainability and
the soldier
system. These
were compiled by
table, and used
as the starting
point for defining
devices or
products to
address needs.
Some Drivers and Gaps Identified in Working Session 1
Drivers
weight
weight/energy density
mission time
cost
functionality in extreme environments (high/low temp)
reusability
safety
transportability
silent operation
standardization and integration
mobility
acceptance by the soldier
Gaps
higher power density needed
standardization of sources, cables, connectors
power density limitations
fuel and storage capabilities
cost
power generation technologies
power harvesting techniques
manufacturability
unified power architecture
power predictability
graceful degradation control
legacy compatibility
wearable power production
energy-efficient electronic equipment needed
Alternative
energy
sources/.
storage
Energy status/management
(how much gas left in the tank?)
Energy load
(consumption) –
states/modes: stealth,
communication
One table's
depiction of
power
/energy
drivers and
gaps for the
soldier
system
Page 40 of 77
4.2 Working Session 2: Devices or Products
Following additional presentations 3.8 and 3.9, a second working session was held. Its
objective was to discuss possible products, or devices, that would address the gaps and
challenges identified in working session 1.
Working Session 2 Inputs
Each table was given an indelible pen and a laminated, tabloid-size chart (see Figure 8.
Working Session 2: Product/Device Worksheet) with space to list devices; "domains,"
such as storage, generation, and harvesting; and to indicate a development timeframe –
5, 10, or 15 years.
Participants at the same tables used the results of the first working session as the
starting point for filling out their charts. The questions they were assigned were:
1. What product items would meet the dismounted soldier's power/energy gaps and
challenges, taking into consideration the relevant drivers?
2. What "domains" of power/energy would those products address?
3. What would be the time horizon for bringing that product to the soldier?
Page 41 of 77
Figure 8. Working Session 2. Product/Device Worksheet
Each table of participants filled out a Product/Device Worksheet. The content of
the worksheets follows, in section 4.4 of this report.
Working Session 2 Results: Completed Power/Energy Device Worksheets
Following this exercise, a number of tables reported their conclusions. The laminated
charts were collected, and their contents compiled (see Figure 9. Product/Device
Worksheets for each of Ten Tables of Participants.)
Page 42 of 77
Figure 9. Power and Energy Product/Device Worksheets for each of Ten Tables of Participants
Power and Energy Product/Device Worksheet
Participant Table #1
Capability Areas
Time Horizon
(Years)
Product (Device) signifies top three
Sto
rag
e
Gen
era
tio
n
Harv
esti
ng
Tra
nsm
issio
n
Co
ntr
ol
Leg
acy &
Su
pp
ort
Dyn
am
ic P
ow
er
Mg
mt
an
d D
istr
ibu
tio
n
5 10 15
AA Super Capacity X X
Biomass Generator X X
Hand Cranks X X X
Fuel Cells (methanol, diesel) X X X
Radio Isotopes Generator X X
* "Power Hound" Robot that follows soldier to provide power (e.g., DARPA ETR system)
X X
2D Power Sharing Device X X
Page 43 of 77
Power and Energy Product/Device Worksheet
Participant Table #3
(There was no table #2 for this exercise)
Product (Device) ( signifies top three)
Capability Areas
Sto
rag
e
Gen
era
tio
n
Harv
esti
ng
Tra
nsm
issio
n
Co
ntr
ol
Co
st
Time Horizon
(Years)
5 10 15
Device to tell status of every battery in a system X X
Distribution of power and connectors through clothing X
Light weight, efficient power harvester for solar & wind & body X
Super fast charging batteries X
Wireless charging X
Light weight biofuel power generator X
Mini hydro generator X
Page 44 of 77
Power and Energy Product/Device Worksheet
Participant Table #4
Capability Areas
Product (Device) signifies top three
Sto
rag
e
Gen
era
tio
n
Harv
esti
ng
Tra
nsm
issio
n
Co
ntr
ol
Time Horizon
(Years)
5 10 15
Power Distribution Vest X X
Power Management System X
Conformal energy storage "material" X
X
Human motion X X
Vibration energy harvesting X X
Multi-fuel fuel cell X
Atomic battery X X
Page 45 of 77
Power and Energy Product/Device Worksheet
Participant Table #5
Capability Areas
Product (Device) signifies top three
Sto
rag
e
Gen
era
tio
n
Harv
esti
ng
Tra
nsm
issio
n
Co
ntr
ol
Time Horizon
(Years)
5 10 15
Smart battery (sucks electricity and takes to device needing it)
X X
Fuel cell (wheeled)
Left blank
Left blank
Wearable recharging vest (replace armour with prismatic cells)
Non-contact/wire method of sending electricity (in development)
Bionic power – integrated to boots (soldiers want to put them on)
Chipset – power over Internet
Sit and charge (plugged in in-vehicle) (suit recharges when soldier climbs into vehicle)
X X X Left blank
Page 46 of 77
Power and Energy Product/Device Worksheet
Participant Table #6
Product/Device ( signifies top three)
Capability Areas
Sto
rag
e
Gen
era
tio
n
Harv
esti
ng
Tra
nsm
issio
n
Co
ntr
ol
Time Horizon
(Years)
5 10 15
Dual use for energy storage and personal protection To reduce overall weight develop dual use body armour whose internal structure can double as a dispersed energy storage device. Ditto for weapon external structure (e.g., ballistic system)
X X X
Form fit AA format To develop adv bty or ultra cap capability in the AA format given ubiquity.
X
Backpack recharger Make use of cbt wt already in backpack on the wt for a backpack generator system device dedicated weight.
X X
High energy density power source (rechargeable) Extended ops possible – COTS available today vs primacy AA.
X X blank
Bi-directional smart grid for power management X X
AA format rechargeable that is smart grid compatible X X
Bio-generation from human waste (urine fuel cell) Autonomous power-regeneration possible. Recharge storage battery.
X
Autonomous kinetic energy conversion charger (i.e., armour system) Autonomous dual-purpose regeneration
X X
Scavenger charger DC-DC converter charger. Take remaining batt power and transfer to another batt (top up) or gang up partially used batteries)
X blank
Page 47 of 77
Power and Energy Product/Device Worksheet
Participant Table #7
Capability Areas
Product (Device) signifies top three
Sto
rag
e
Gen
era
tio
n
Harv
esti
ng
Tra
nsm
issio
n
Co
ntr
ol
Mo
nit
ori
ng
of
sys
co
mp
on
en
ts
Time Horizon
(Years)
5 10 15
Rechargeable le component batteries Required for dynamic power management as described below with UCCC
X
Photovoltaic Integrated PV – helmet, back pack, shoulder caps – detachable unit with solar reflectors for additional power generation when stationary
X X
Field recharger (kinetic) X X
Universal charger controller converter Central monitoring and control. Central storage back up delivers as req'd or by command to external device batteries
X* X X X X X
Ballistic batteries Batteries incorporated inside body armour to reduce total weight bulk and carrying logistics
X
Simulator policy Program that analyzes power usage, forecasts remaining power time horizon; can override, prioritize component power allocation (generates power use policies)
X X
* Central battery storage would have higher voltage to enable "charging" out to SS components on demand/automatically or by power policy enabled.
Page 48 of 77
Power and Energy Product/Device Worksheet
Participant Table #8
Capability Areas
Time Horizon
(Years)
Product (Device) signifies top three
S
tora
ge
Gen
era
tio
n
Harv
esti
ng
Tra
nsm
issio
n
Co
ntr
ol
Syste
m
Bo
dy a
rmo
ur
5 10 15
AA form factor cable ends can use alkaline bats as backup to central power.
X
"Spider" – route power from source to ????
X X X
Section-sized recharger X X
X
Piezo-electric textile BDU X
X
+
Power management by mission X X
Blast and bullet-proof battery/plates X
X
Sweat to energy X
+
Wrist watch that generates 20 W (arm movement)
X X
+
Electric eels (food to electricity) X
+
Page 49 of 77
Power and Energy Product/Device Worksheet
Participant Table #9
Capability Areas
Product (Device)
Sto
rag
e
Gen
era
tio
n
Harv
esti
ng
Tra
nsm
issio
n
Co
ntr
ol
Time Horizon
(Years)
5 10 15
Inductive charging system + intelligent fabric for novel power + data distributor Allow the use of a smaller number of batteries The few batteries could be high power (retaining its power) Distributes power as required (magnetic induction) Controls graceful degradation Used also to distribute data to components
X X
New soldier computer combining GPS + R1 Radio + Personal Radio + organic display Uses less power (integrated systems) Lower weight Smaller footprint Organic display for easy reading but low power/high/weight
X
com X
Combine fuel cell PV + super capacitor Optimize fuel cell power generation (constant rate) complementary solar energy Capacitor to store/disseminate energy
X X
Page 50 of 77
Power and Energy Product/Device Worksheet
Participant Table #10
Capability Areas
Time Horizon
(Years)
Product (Device)
Sto
rag
e
Gen
era
tio
n
Harv
esti
ng
Tra
nsm
issio
n
Co
ntr
ol
Inte
rface
Su
sta
inab
ilit
y
(Rep
len
ish
ing
)
5 10 15
Urine battery Human ammonia fuel cell
Ability to use the hydrogen contained in ammonia to fuel fuel cells
X
Power switches – circuit for int Light weight and low frequency harvesting
adapted circuitry
X X X X X
Soldier monitoring To provide situational awareness to soldiers
about the soldier (distress, etc.)
X
POE USB Can carry data and power
X X
Multi-function uniform Capable of protecting the soldier from
elements but also of storing, generating, and harvesting energy
X X X
Training (human and DPM self-learning) Training to soldiers to reduce waste &
provide system capability realistic expectations
Dynamic power management self-training algorithm to adapt to specific user habits (good and bad)
X
Gen (APU) vehicle grid Ability to interface to outside sources -->
APUs/vehicles/grid/...
X X
Page 51 of 77
Power and Energy Product/Device Worksheet
Participant Table #11
Capability Areas
Product (Device) signifies top three
Sto
rag
e
Gen
era
tio
n
Harv
esti
ng
Tra
nsm
issio
n
Co
ntr
ol
Time Horizon
(Years)
5 10 15
Field recharger X X
Bio-mechanical X
Kinetic X
Fabric transmission Fairly near term – woven fabric transmission technology could be implemented to omit cabling
X X
TRL 7
Textile grid system The level up from fabric transmission channels – a grid system provides multiple transmission paths
X
TRL 7
Smart controller Probably embedded within the end item manipulated by the soldier (data terminal or sensor, etc.,)
X TRL 5
Battery bank X
X
Page 52 of 77
5. Working Session 3: Technologies – Stickies on "The Wall"
Day 2 of the workshop started with additional presentations (see 3.11 through 3.14)
focusing on various aspects of power, energy, and the soldier system. These were
followed by Working Session 3, described in this chapter.
5.1 Mapping the Technologies
The objective of the third working session was to discuss the technologies required to
develop the products or devices identified in working session 2, and the time horizons for
those technologies.
Participants sat in the same groups as on Day 1. Each participant was provided with two
packs of sticky notes, or "stickies" – one yellow, the other red. The product categories
from the first day's laminated charts were listed along one wall of the conference room,
with individual cells for 5, 10, and 15 year time periods.
Each person was asked to consider these questions:
1. What technologies need to be developed to produce the identified products?
2. What would be your "highest three priority" technologies?
3. What would be the time horizon for developing each technology?
Each was asked to use their yellow and red stickies to:
1. Identify as many technologies as they like for as many products as they like,
writing one on each yellow sticky note and placing it in the appropriate cell.
2. Use 3 red stickies to indicate the 3 highest-priority technologies.
(See Figure 10. Working Session 3: Participants at "The Wall".)
Following the working session, a discussion was held about the "clustering" of the
identified and selected technologies.
Page 53 of 77
Figure 10. Working Session 3: Participants at "The Wall"
Participants mapping power and energy technologies for the soldier system
(Photo: Mark Gray, Industry Canada)
Page 54 of 77
5.2 Results: Focus Technology Areas Identified
Figure 11. Working Session 3 Results Table, shows how the stickies were distributed
across The Wall's categories and timeframes. To reflect the relative importance of the
areas in the table, red stickies were given a weighting of 2:1 compared with yellow
stickies.
Page 55 of 77
Figure 11. Working Session 3 Results Table
Distribution of "Stickies" Indicating Recommended Areas of Focus for Power/Energy Projects
(Red stickies were given a weighting of 2 and yellow stickies a weighting of 1)
Are
as
of
Fo
cu
s
(Bas
ed
on
pa
rtic
ipa
nt
inp
ut
in w
ork
ing
se
ss
ion
s 1
an
d 2
(S
ee c
ha
pte
r 4
))
Areas of Focus, Development Timeframes, and Distribution of Stickies on the Wall
Me
ch
an
ical G
en
era
tion
: H
and
Cra
nk
Me
ch
an
ical G
en
era
tion
: O
the
r kin
etic f
orm
s
Mu
lti-
fuel fu
el ce
ll
Con
form
al sto
rag
e m
ate
ria
l
Su
pe
r fa
st ch
arg
ing
ba
tte
ry
Pla
ce t
o s
tore
ge
ne
rate
d p
ow
er
Su
pe
r-d
en
se
ba
tte
ry
Oth
er
ge
ne
ratio
n: M
ini H
yd
ro
Oth
er
ge
ne
ratio
n:
So
lar
Oth
er
ge
ne
ratio
n: W
ind
Oth
er
ge
ne
ratio
n:
Ra
dio
iso
tope
Oth
er
ge
ne
ratio
n:
Bio
ma
ss
Oth
er
ge
ne
ratio
n:
Ph
oto
volta
ic
Oth
er
ge
ne
ratio
n:
Pie
zo
Ele
ctr
ic
Wir
ele
ss d
istr
ibu
tio
n
Po
wer
man
age
men
t a
nd
sta
nda
rdiz
ation
Custo
miz
ab
le p
ow
er
con
trolle
r, d
istr
ibu
tor,
sh
arin
g, a
llocatio
n
Dis
trib
utio
n t
hro
ugh
clo
thin
g: ele
ctr
o-t
extile
co
nne
cto
r te
ch
no
logy
Non
con
tact
dis
trib
utio
n
Tra
nsm
issio
n v
ia in
tern
et
Sta
nd
ard
co
nn
ecto
rs
Sta
nd
ard
co
nn
ectio
n to
veh
icle
Pro
jec
ted
De
ve
lop
me
nt
Tim
efr
am
e (
Ye
ars
)
<--
----
----
5 Y
ea
rs -
----
----
Read the bars from top to bottom. The longer the bar, the greater the number of stickies posted for the area of focus in the timeframe specified.
<-
10
--
< -
15 -
-
Page 56 of 77
6. Working Session 4: Collaborations and Projects
The workshop‘s final working session built upon the first three sessions. It's objective
was to discuss potential collaboration opportunities to address the project areas
identified in Working Session 3.
6.1 Project Definition and Participation
Based on the clustering of stickies that participants placed on the wall in Working
Session 3, six areas of promise for collaboration were chosen (see Figure 12. Working
Session 4: Areas Identified for Project Development). To enable participants to
gather and discuss the general characteristics of these six projects, six tables – one for
each project – were designated as gathering places for people to meet and discuss.
Participants were asked to move to the table for the project they were most interested in.
There, they were asked to consider:
1. What technologies does it makes sense to work on first?
2. What would that technology development "project" look like? (A semi-formal
definition statement.)
3. Who would it make sense to involve in that project for any variety of reasons?
Each group outlined a proposed project in their chosen area. A sign-up sheet was
provided to each table, so that those interested in collaborating on the project could
indicate their interest.
Page 57 of 77
Figure 12. Working Session 4: Areas Identified for Project Development *P1-P6 (Projects 1-6) are the areas of focus for the projects included in Working Session 4. Note that P4 (the largest
rectangle) crosses areas of focus to integrate power sources and delivery.
Are
as
of
Fo
cu
s
(Bas
ed
on
pa
rtic
ipa
nt
inp
ut
in w
ork
ing
se
ss
ion
s 1
an
d 2
(C
ha
pte
r 4
))
Areas of Focus, Development Timeframes, and Distribution of Stickies on the Wall
Me
ch
an
ical G
en
era
tion
: H
and
Cra
nk
Me
ch
an
ical G
en
era
tion
: O
the
r kin
etic f
orm
s
Mu
lti-
fuel fu
el ce
ll
Con
form
al sto
rag
e m
ate
ria
l
Su
pe
r fa
st ch
arg
ing
ba
tte
ry
Pla
ce t
o s
tore
ge
ne
rate
d p
ow
er
Su
pe
r-d
en
se
ba
tte
ry
Oth
er
ge
ne
ratio
n: M
ini H
yd
ro
Oth
er
ge
ne
ratio
n:
So
lar
Oth
er
ge
ne
ratio
n: W
ind
Oth
er
ge
ne
ratio
n:
Ra
dio
iso
tope
Oth
er
ge
ne
ratio
n:
Bio
ma
ss
Oth
er
ge
ne
ratio
n:
Ph
oto
volta
ic
Oth
er
ge
ne
ratio
n:
Pie
zo
Ele
ctr
ic
Wir
ele
ss d
istr
ibu
tio
n
Po
wer
man
age
men
t a
nd
sta
nda
rdiz
ation
Custo
miz
ab
le p
ow
er
con
trolle
r, d
istr
ibu
tor,
sh
arin
g, a
llocatio
n
Dis
trib
utio
n t
hro
ugh
clo
thin
g: ele
ctr
o-t
extile
co
nne
cto
r te
ch
no
logy
Non
con
tact
dis
trib
utio
n
Tra
nsm
issio
n v
ia in
tern
et
Sta
nd
ard
co
nn
ecto
rs
Sta
nd
ard
co
nn
ectio
n to
veh
icle
Pro
jec
ted
De
ve
lop
me
nt
Tim
efr
am
e (
Ye
ars
)
5
10
15
P2* P1*
P6*
P5* P3* P4*
Page 58 of 77
6.2 Results: Six Technology Projects/R&D priority areas for Collaboration
What follows is a preliminary description of the six technology development projects and
R&D priority areas identified at the workshop, and the participants who indicated an
interest in each of them.
By necessity, the original workshop descriptions were cursory. After they were compiled,
they were reviewed and clarified by DND/DRDC power and energy experts and by the
chairs of the Soldier Systems Technology Roadmap Power/Energy Technical sub-
committee. The projects will continue to be studied and their definitions refined.
6.2.1 Power/Energy Standards Future Project
Interoperability with allies and integration of soldier-level systems will require the
adoption of common standards in the design process for all aspects of power, energy
and sustainability systems and subsystems.
Working groups on the issue of standards
have been implemented within NATO
efforts. However, the current efforts do
not include large portions of soldier
systems. Therefore, there remain many
opportunities to develop open standards
for design and integration for the critical
area of power and energy within soldier
systems.
A project to develop such standards could
consider the following components. Some
of these are later identified as discrete
projects.
Voltage: The standardization of
input voltage would bring more
benefits at the sub-systems and
systems levels. If each sub-system has a common input voltage, then exchange
or replacement of a sub-system by another would not pose problems at least
Participants
Name Organization
Steve Carkner Panacis
Howard Choe Raytheon
Peter Connolly FIDUS Systems
Francois Girard NRC-IFCI
Dave Liefer Boeing Corporation
Clive Mullins Bionic Power
Alain Poirier Rheinmetall Canada
Stan Swallow Intelligent Textiles
Page 59 of 77
from a voltage point of view. A common power source voltage would be a first
step in a common infrastructure on the soldier.
Form Factor: Form factor is an important factor in every aspect of soldier
systems for the dismounted soldier. Standards could be established related to
form factors affecting power and energy capabilities.
Protocols: Standards need to be developed to enable communication between
components at all levels. The current multiplicity of protocols creates problems in
the design, implementation and the integration of power and energy components.
Interfaces: Electrical and mechanical interfaces need to be standardized to
minimize the number of different interfaces. The chosen system voltages will
influence choices in interfaces. A second aspect of interfaces is the bi-
directionality of power and energy on the soldier.
6.2.2 Connectors Project
Common power/energy connectors are an
essential element for soldier systems, and no
universal ‗soldier system connector‘ exists. This
project would involve developing a device that
allows transfer of power/data across all standard
devices and subsystems on the soldier.
Interfaces and physical characteristics must
reflect the user‘s environment, as well as
mechanical, electrical, and data requirements.
Efforts have been made under NATO in relation
with soldier interoperability, but these do not
cover a generic Soldier System connector. A
―universal soldier system connector‖ would be
low cost, soldier adapted and compatible with
different transport media (e.g. wires, e-textile,
flat cabling to the soldier system manufacturers or integrators).
There is a strong relationship between this project and the one on Standards but this
project more directly focuses on connectors.
Participants
Name Organization
Howard Choe Raytheon
Brian Cochran Lincoln Fabrics
Francois Girard NRC-IFI
Daniel Moore Rockwell Collins
Alain Poirier Rheinmetall Canada
Roger Soar Cynetic Designs
Stan Swallow Intelligent Textiles
Page 60 of 77
Elements of this project would include:
Understanding various transmission technologies (wired, wireless etc) and
requirements of soldier system:
o Mechanical side (e.g. look at pin and socket vs. spring loaded contact vs.
close proximity induction),
o "Thin" form factors (e.g. oval, flat, square, even round)
o Soldier to vehicle/base (for charge and data exchange)
o Universal, Non "gender-specific" (i.e. a common connector for all devices)
o Power rating: voltage and current rating including safety requirements.
o Current and future EMI/EMC environment,
o Environmental condition, ruggedization, mating cycles, safety features
(e.g. breakaway or quick disconnect)
o Protocols (e.g. suitable for USB, Ethernet, Firewire, RS232, CANbus),
o Usability (e.g. keying, cleaning, maintenance, handling in winter gears,
etc.).
6.2.3 Storage (Batteries) Project
All soldier systems have a common need to efficiently store electrical energy to be used
later when needed by various devices. The demands of the soldier power system may
vary considerably from nominal power to peak power. Storage requirements are
affected by a very demanding soldier environment, which can vary in temperature,
humidity, etc.
This project would include several related areas:
Storage components: Cell material (positive and negative electrode, high energy
harvesting, high specific capacity, electrolyte, self-discharge rate improvement,
internal resistivity)
Re-Charging components: Recharging batteries of different chemistries requires
changes in methodology (more efficient or versatile algorithms)
Page 61 of 77
System integration: voltages, standards, state of health vs. state of charge
Elements of this project would
include:
Understanding the range of
needs
Optimizing form, fit and
function of energy storage
Addressing components
optimization needed to fit
soldier power demand
mission profiles.
Developing as hybrid power
source system for optimal
run-time (energy production, harvesting, etc.)
6.2.4 Integrating Power Sources Project
An important challenge is to take
energy from diverse power sources
and ‗move energy‘ to various devices
(capabilities) on the soldier to meet a
mission requirement. The
―integration‖ of these requirements is
related to all soldier systems and
sub-systems, including weapons,
communications, forward operating
base requirements, etc.
Participants
Name Organization
Steve Carkner Panacis
Howard Choe Raytheon
Bill Coote Advanced Lithium Power
Alyson Cuthbertson E-One Moli Energy
Dave Fouchaud E-One Moli Energy
Francois Girard NRC-IFCI
Cheng Huang NRC-IFCI
Derek Pettingale Cadex Electronics
Participants
Name Organization
Steve Carkner Panacis
Howard Choe Raytheon
David Compton Colt Canada
David Cripe Rockwell Collins
Francois Girard NRC-IFCI
Allan Grant Powertech Labs
Clive Mullins Bionic Power
Gerard Nourry Rockwell Collins
Page 62 of 77
The following graphic represents the various aspects of integration that must be
considered.
<-
Inte
gra
tion
acro
ss s
ub
-syste
ms -
>
Small arms & accessories (where have the most advances taken place?)
Man portable communications
Forward base power (about 5-10 kw) (re: charge stations)
Vehicle systems (re: charge stations)
Main Operating Base or field base (about 500 kw – 1 mw)
Individual charging stations
<---------- Integration across distances (forward/rear)---------->
6.2.5 Fuel Cells Project
Fuel cells have been identified as
one promising power source for
soldier systems. They represent an
alternative to standard energy
storage technologies (battery etc),
and they are efficient with high
energy density based on fuel used.
Areas that require further
development are:
Developing a rugged and
inexpensive individual
micro-fuel cell that is
portable
Developing fuel options: Hydrogen (H2) (production, sources) liquid fuel JP-
8 [long term] solid oxide fuel cell, like alkaline fuel cell
Participants
Name Organization
Howard Choe Raytheon
Khalid Fatih NRC-IFCI
Francois Girard NRC-IFCI
Jeffrey A. Neal Lockheed Martin
Jun Shen NRC, Fuel Cell Institute
Paul Treboutat NRC-CSTT
Chris Thurgood Royal Military College
Page 63 of 77
Improving system level performance: start up time, cold weather conditions,
military conditions (contamination), safety.
This project requires:
Understanding power demand requirements based on mission profiles, to enable
fuel cell system optimization.
Developing a hybrid power source system for optimal run-time with electrical
energy production and storage to deliver an optimized peak & nominal load to
soldier system.
6.2.6 Electro-Textiles Project
Electro textiles can be used to make clothing that conducts electricity. Electricity will
enable virtually every aspect of the soldier system. Therefore, enabling and improving
transmission of electrical energy around the soldier is an essential ingredient in the
design of the soldier system. Electro textiles can be part of the transmission solution
since they cover the soldier.
The project on electro-textiles
would be integrated with
developments in the areas of
connectors, integration,
storage, and sources.
An electro-textile project
would consider primarily
How to use textiles as
a grid for the
distribution of
power/energy
How to use textiles for storage, energy management, and harvesting ex. solar
harvesting
The project would likely involve understanding power demand requirements for
transmission and utilization; understanding wearability and durability parameters; and
developing a transmission system on a ‗soldier grid‘.
Participants
Name Organization
Howard Choe Raytheon
Bruce Cochran Lincoln Fabrics
Marie Darling Rockwell Collins
Paul Singh Corcan (Correctional Service Canada)
Stan Swallow Intelligent Textiles
Page 64 of 77
7. Next Steps
The Power/Energy/Sustainability Workshop was just one part of the Soldier Systems
Technology Roadmapping process. It represents one small step on the journey to a
superior soldier system for the Canadian Forces.
7.1 Developing the Collaborative Power/Energy Projects
One of the key results of the workshop was the identification of the six technology
development projects for collaboration identified in Chapter 6 of this report. The
Power/Energy/Sustainability Technical Sub-committee, with the guidance of the Soldier
Systems TRM Executive Steering Committee, will continue to clarify these projects and,
with the collaboration of industry and government participants, to move ahead with them.
7.2 Sharing Knowledge with the ICee Database and Wiki
The Industry Collaboration and Exchange Environment (ICee) database and Wiki
(https://strategis.ic.gc.ca/app/scr/pssb/sstrm-crtss/generalpublic/login.pub) is available
for all interested parties to review and to contribute soldier systems knowledge. Over
time, it is expected to grow – both in the volume of knowledge and number of
participants – and to provide an invaluable catalyst for cooperation in soldier systems
technology development.
7.3 Upcoming Workshops
Discussion and collaboration in all aspects of the Soldier Systems TRM is expected to
continue throughout the roadmapping process and beyond. To ensure this, additional
Soldier Systems TRM workshops are planned, at locations across Canada, to focus on
areas of the soldier system that include:
Weapons: Lethal and Non-Lethal
C4I Sensors (Command, Control, Communication, Computers and Sensors)
Survivability/Personal Protective Equipment/Footwear/Clothing/Load Carriage
Human and Systems Integration
Overall Roadmap Integration
Page 65 of 77
Dates for these workshops, and related information is available at the Soldier Systems
Technology Roadmap website:
http://soldiersystems-systemesdusoldat.collaboration.gc.ca/
Page 66 of 77
A. List of Workshop Participants
Power/Energy/Sustainability Workshop Participants
Last Name First Name Title Organization
Amow Gisele DRDC
Andrukaitis Ed DRDC
Angelo Van L-3 Communications
Astill Toby NRC
Audette Celine Industry Canada
Barker Eric Industry Canada
Bodner Lcol Mike DND
Carkner Steve President Panacis Medical
Carr Phil The Strategic Review Group Inc.
Carroll James Vice President Public Affairs
GCI Group (Canada)
Charlebois Scott Financial Officer DND
Choe Howard Raytheon, Spring Creek TX
Raytheon
Chong Patricia Ballard Power
Cochoran Bruce Lincoln Fabrics
Compton David Engineering Supervisor Colt Canada
Comtois Patrick DND
Connally Peter VP, Business Development
Fidus Systems Inc.
Coote Bill Vice President, Operations
Advanced Lithium Power
Page 67 of 77
Power/Energy/Sustainability Workshop Participants
Last Name First Name Title Organization
Corriveau Robert President Canadian Institute for Photonics Innovations
Cripe David Rockwell Collins
Cuthbertson Alyson E-One Moli Energy (Canada) Limited
Darling Marie Rockwell Collins
Deegan Mike Boeing
Donalen Max Chief Science Officer Bionic Power
Dosani Shazmin Centre for Public Management Inc.
Emery George The Strategic Review Group Inc.
Farina Chummer DG, ADMB Industry Canada
Fatih Khalid NRC
Ferguson John The Strategic Review Group Inc.
Fok Victor Defence Science and Technology Organisation of Australia
Fouchard David E-One Moli Energy (Canada) Limited
Frey Greg Spectrum Signal Processing
Garcha Yad CEO Bionic Power
Girard Francois Business Development Officer
NRC
Gorecki Gregg Cantec Systems
Page 68 of 77
Power/Energy/Sustainability Workshop Participants
Last Name First Name Title Organization
Grace Robert Western Economic Diversification Canada
Grant Allan Powertech Labs
Gray Mark Industry Canada
Hennessey Craig Mirametrix Research Inc
Higginbotham Paul Delta Technical Support
Hill Ian NRC
Hoffman Joy Rockwell Collins
Housh Matt EaglePicher
Huang Cheng NRC-Institute -Fuel Cell Innov.
Huard Mariane DRDC
Hui Rob Senior Research Officer NRC
Jacques Simon EADS
Jung George DFAIT
Kujala Lance Rainforest Automation
Lefebvre Vivier DRDC
Lefrancois Sylvain Sagem Défense et Sécurité
Lemay Pierre General Dynamics Canada - OTS Canada
Lemelin Claude DND
Leung Adeline DFAIT
Liefer David Chief Engineer, Boeing, St. Louis MO
Boeing
Page 69 of 77
Power/Energy/Sustainability Workshop Participants
Last Name First Name Title Organization
MacKenzie James L-3 Communications
Majumdar Amit Electrovaya
Man Malcom Tekion
Mason Rex ODU-USA, Inc
Mastalski Anthony Cobham Defense Communications
McArdle Ken Analytic Systems
McKay Dennis Raytheon
McLean Ged Angstrom Power
McLeod David Tekion
McNamara Maj. Daniel DND
Merida Walter CERC's Fuel Cell System- UBC
Miles Halliday Shannon Powertech Labs
Morton Cliff Intrinsyc Software International
Mullins Clive Bionic Power
Neal Jeffrey Lockheed Martin
Nimmo Geoff Industry Canada
Nourry Gerard R. Rockwell Collins
Ohrt Paul DND
Pageau Gilles DRDC
Pettingale Derek Cadex Electonics
Pich Cornell General Dynamics Canada
Page 70 of 77
Power/Energy/Sustainability Workshop Participants
Last Name First Name Title Organization
Poirier Alain Rheinmetall Canada Inc.
Portman Stephen Delta Technical Support
Qu Wei NRC Fuel Cell Institute
Reddi Pat Private Investor
Ricard Vincent DRDC
Scivier Mark NRC
Sebastian Kevin President Toolcomm Technology Inc.
Shaikh Hafeez NRC
Shen Jun NRC Fuel Cell Institute
Sinai Dan Director, Research Development & Services
University of Western Ontario
Singh Paul Corcan Sales, Pacific Region
Corrections Services Canada
Soar Roger Cynetic Designs Ltd
Stazyk Michael
Stonier John Day4 Energy Inc.
Stroup Lcol Adam Commander, International Technology Center-Americas Canada
United States Army
Swallow Stan Intelligent Textiles Limited
Taghipour Fariborz CERC's-Chemical Enginer-UBC
Tang Kevin Raytheon, Calgary Raytheon
Thompson Asha Intelligent Textiles Limited
Thurgood Chris Royal Military College
Page 71 of 77
Power/Energy/Sustainability Workshop Participants
Last Name First Name Title Organization
Timms Simon Engineering Director SNC-Lavalin
Trandafir Eugen Analytic Systems
Treboutat Paul Director NRC
Treichler David Raytheon
Turmel Maj. Bruno DND
Voss Henry Vice President, Engineering
Polyfuel
Walker Bill Analytic Systems
Walsh Bud Manager, Business Development, Soldier Systems
Thales Canada
Wang Haijiang NRC Fuel Cell Institute
Wardrop Walter NRC-IRAP
Wong Rick Mustanng Survival
Worden Kent Intrinsyc Software International
Young Alan General Dynamics Canada
Page 72 of 77
B. The Strategic Review Group Inc. Facilitators
The Strategic Review Group Inc. facilitators at the Soldier Systems Technology
Roadmap Visioning Workshop were:
Philippe Carr – Lead Facilitator
Shazmin Dosani
George Emery
John Ferguson
Page 73 of 77
C. Power/Energy Mindmaps
The Soldier Systems Technology Roadmap Project builds on research already done in
the area of Soldier Systems in Canada. The mindmaps in this Appendix were developed
by DND. They depict power and energy requirements according to:
Power/ Sources and Generation
Power/Energy Connectors
Power/Energy Management
Power/Energy Consumption
Page 74 of 77
Figure 13. Power Sources/Generation Mindmap
Page 75 of 77
Figure 14. Power Connectors Mindmap
Page 76 of 77
Figure 15. Power/Energy Management Mindmap
Page 77 of 77
Figure 16. Energy Consumption Devices Mindmap