UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA PERLIS

ENT 288MICROPROCESSOR

AUTOMATIC COOLING FAN SYSTEM

MALCOM SMITH BALANG ANAK SABANG 101060472

SUBMIT DATE:

LECTURER: MR. ABU HASSAN BIN ABDULLAH

CONTENT PAGE

AcknowledgementCHAPTER 1: Introduction1.0 Historical Background 11.1 Objective 21.2 Scope or Limitation of the Project 31.3 Problem Statement 3CHAPTER 2: Literature Review2.1 Overview 42.2 Microprocessor upon Home Cooling System 42.3 Light Detector System (Heat sensor) 52.4 Cooling System 62.4.1 Fan 62.5 Air Pump System 72.5.1 Air Pump Motor 7CHAPTER 3: Methodology3.0 Overview 83.1 Project Component 83.2 Block Diagram 93.3 Process Project Flow 9

3.3.1 Main Project Flow Chart 93.3.2 Hardware Part and Process Flow 103.3.3 Programming Design and Process Flow 113.3.4 Software Checking and process Flow 123.3.5 Overall Flow Chart 13

3.4 Circuit 143.4.1 Motor Pump Control 143.4.2 Fan Circuit 143.4.3 Heat Sensor Circuit 15

CHAPTER 4: Result and Discussion4.0 Overview 164.1 First Phase 174.2 Second Phase 174.3 Third Phase 184.4 Fourth Phase 184.5 Discussion and Result 19CHAPTER 5: Conclusion5.1 Summary 205.2 Constraints 205.3 Recommendation for Future 20 CHAPTER 6: Reference and Appendix 21

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Acknowledgement

First and foremost, I’d like to thank all who provided helpful suggestions for

improvement to project. I am deeply indebted to our lecturer and laboratory assistant from

University Malaysia Perlis who helped with the suggestion for me to get the suitable title of

Microprocessor Mini-Project for this semester. Also, thanks to Mr Abu Hassan Bin Abdullah as

our lecturer of subject ENT 288: Microprocessor, who always give us the supervisor learning in

term to give us more understanding about Microprocessor.

My colleagues from University Malaysia Perlis that support us in research work. I want

to thank them for all their help, support, interest and valuable hints. Lastly, thankfully to our

friends who helped out a lot during the making of this mini project even though we faced some

problems and difficulty. Thank you ever so much.

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CHAPTER 1: Introduction

1.0 Historical Background

Automatic cooling fan- air pump system is a system that controls air conditioning in a

certain place or space. Air conditioning is the cooling of indoor air for thermal comfort. In

another sense, the term can refer to any form of cooling, heating, ventilation,

or disinfection that modifies the condition of air. An air conditioner (often referred to as AC

or air con.) is an appliance, system, or machine designed to stabilise the air temperature and

humidity within an area (used for cooling as well as heating depending on the air properties at

a given time), typically using a refrigeration cycle but sometimes using evaporation,

commonly for comfort cooling in buildings and motor vehicles.

The concept of air conditioning is known to have been applied in Ancient Rome,

where aqueduct water was circulated through the walls of certain houses to cool them.

Similar techniques in Medieval Persia involved the use of cisterns and wind towers to cool

buildings during the hot season. Modern air conditioning emerged from advances

in chemistry during the 19th century, and the first large-scale electrical air conditioning was

invented and used in 1902 by Willis Haviland Carrier.

In 1902, the first modern electrical air conditioning unit was invented by Willis Haviland

Carrier in Buffalo, New York. After graduating from Cornell University, Carrier, a native

of Angola, New York, found a job at the Buffalo Forge Company. While there, Carrier began

experimentation with air conditioning as a way to solve an application problem for the

Sackett-Wilhelms Lithographing and Publishing Company in Brooklyn, New York, and the

first "air conditioner," designed and built in Buffalo by Carrier, began working on 17 July

1902.

Designed to improve manufacturing process control in a printing plant, Carrier's

invention controlled not only temperature but also humidity. Carrier used his knowledge of

the heating of objects with steam and reversed the process. Instead of sending air through hot

coils, he sent it through cold coils (ones filled with cold water). The air blowing over the cold

coils cooled the air, and one could thereby control the amount of moisture the colder air could

hold. In turn, the humidity in the room could be controlled. The low heat and humidity were

to help maintain consistent paper dimensions and ink alignment. Later, Carrier's technology

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was applied to increase productivity in the workplace, and The Carrier Air Conditioning

Company of America was formed to meet rising demand. Over time, air conditioning came to

be used to improve comfort in homes and automobiles as well. Residential sales expanded

dramatically in the 1950s.

In 1906, Stuart W. Cramer of Charlotte, North Carolina was exploring ways to add

moisture to the air in his textile mill. Cramer coined the term "air conditioning", using it in a

patent claim he filed that year as an analogue to "water conditioning", then a well-known

process for making textiles easier to process. He combined moisture with ventilation to

"condition" and changes the air in the factories, controlling the humidity so necessary in

textile plants. Willis Carrier adopted the term and incorporated it into the name of his

company. This evaporation of water in air, to provide a cooling effect, is now known

as evaporative cooling.

Innovation in air conditioning technologies continues, with much recent emphasis placed

on energy efficiency, and on improving indoor air quality. Reducing climate change impact is

an important area of innovation, because in addition to greenhouse gas emissions associated

with energy use, CFCs, HCFCs and HFCs are, themselves, potent greenhouse gases when

leaked to the atmosphere. For example, R-22 (also known as HCFC-22) has a global warming

potential about 1,800 times higher than CO2. As an alternative to conventional refrigerants,

natural alternatives like CO2 (R-744) have been proposed.

1.1 Objective

To provide user feel more comfortable inside the house.

o Provide the air conditioning and control or reduce the temperature inside the

house or room.

To control the fan automatically by receive the light at surrounding. The heat sensor

(LM35) will determine the level of heat that has been received.

o Made the users easier by no need changing or turn on the fan manually and it

can run continuously.

To complete the task ENT 288 by created a automatic cooling system.

o Students can more fully understanding the application of the Microprocessor

and how Microprocessor can help by doing this mini project.

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1.2 Scope or Limitation of the Project

The scope of this mini project is divided into a tree main group. It is hardware, circuit

and program. There are systems that have been combining in the hardware part such as

cooling system and air pump system. The most important of all after assembly and combining

is the programming part where the main controller that include all the sub systems into one.

1.3 Problem Statement

There are several problems that need to solve by doing or complete this mini project.

It is the user need to adjust and control the switch of fan manually. But with an automated

cooling fan-air pump system, we can save our time and energy because our system will act

automatically according to the situation.

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CHAPTER 2: Literature Review

2.1 Overview

The project objective is to create a system that monitor and cooling temperature inside the

home. The system will control the temperature based on the lightning and heat condition

outside of the house. The system will control the speed of the fan by increasing it when it

receives more light and heat. Usually at the day light the temperature will rise because sun

light that cause heat when the home is exposed with it.

2.2 Microprocessor upon Automatic Cooling Fan-Air Pump System

This paper discuss about how the implementation of the subject ENT 288,

Microprocessor upon Automatic Cooling Fan-Air Pump System can improve the knowledge

in this subject. As we know, the system is including the hardware process, circuit process and

programming process.

Since the home cooling system is one of the important parts of bringing out the comfort

ability and the harmony of house, it is important to know what can be done in order to control

the temperature in the house.

Although, the important thing of the Microprocessor is to make the system be

automatically controlled by one switch and the system will adjust automatically based on the

user programming in it. This mini project is important to make the students exposed in

generate and creating news idea in order to made them as a creative engineer.

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2.3 Heat Detector System (LM35 sensor)

A heat sensor passively collects infrared data and analyses it. A heat sensor works by

using pyroelectrical materials, which emit electrical impulses when heated or cooled. IR

radiation passes through the front of the device and comes into contact with a set of sensors

made of pyroelectrical plate, crystal or film. The electrical impulses from the sensors is then

collected and electronically turned into usable data. Thermal imaging and infrared vision uses

thermal-sensitive photodiodes to detect and process IR radiation. However, these are strictly

speaking not heat sensors, but are instead vision devices such as night vision aids or

thermographic cameras.

Heat Sensor (LM35)

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2.4 Cooling System

The cooling systems are used to cool and absorb the heat surrounding or certain area.

Example situation that always need cooling system is desktop computer. Desktop

computers typically use one or more fans for cooling. Almost all desktop power supplies

have at least one fan to exhaust air from the case. Most manufacturers recommend bringing

cool, fresh air in at the bottom front of the case, and exhausting warm air from the top rear.

If there is more air being forced into the system than being pumped out (due to an

imbalance in the number or strength of fans), this is referred to as a "positive" airflow, as the

pressure inside the unit would be higher than outside. A balanced or neutral airflow is the

most efficient, although a slightly positive airflow results in less dust build up if dust filters

are used. Negative pressure inside the case can create problems such as clogged optical drives

due to sucking in air (and dust).

2.4.1 Fan

A fan is a powered device used to create flow within a gas, usually air. A fan consists

of a rotating arrangement of vanes or blades which act on the air. Usually it is

contained within some form of housing or case. This may direct the airflow or

increase safety by preventing objects from contacting the fan blades. Most fans are

powered by electric motors, but other sources of power may be used.

Fans produce air flows with high volume and low pressure, as opposed

to compressors which produce high pressures at a comparatively low volume. A fan

blade will often rotate when exposed to an air stream, and devices that take advantage

of this, such as anemometers and wind turbines, often have designs similar to that of a

fan. Typical applications include climate control, vehicle and machinery cooling

systems, personal comfort (e.g., an electric table fan), ventilation, fume extraction,

winnowing (e.g., separating chaff of cereal grains), removing dust (e.g. in a vacuum

cleaner), drying (usually in combination with heat) and to provide draft for a fire. It is

also common to use electric fans as air fresheners, by attaching fabric softener sheets

to the protective housing. This causes the fragrance to be carried into the surrounding

air.

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2.5 Air Pump System

This system consists of an air pump motor and function as an agent cooling that

absorb and flow the air from the outside (our ice box) to sprinkle and flow on in the house.

Air pump is a device that brings air from outside to inside. The air pumps are usually very

alike but you can choose from many types of decorations, from which the air will come out to

the inside.

2.5.1 Air Pump Motor

A pump is a device used to move air. A pump displaces a volume by physical or

mechanical action. Pumps fall into five major groups: direct

lift, displacement, velocity, buoyancy and gravity pumps. Their names describe the

method for moving the air. A positive displacement pump causes the air to move by

trapping a fixed amount of it then forcing (displacing) that trapped volume into the

discharge pipe.

Positive displacement rotary pumps are pumps that move air using the principles of

rotation. The vacuum created by the rotation of the pump captures and draws in the

gases. Rotary pumps are very efficient because they naturally remove air from the

lines, eliminating the need to bleed the air from the lines manually.

Positive displacement rotary pumps also have their weaknesses. Because of the nature

of the pump, the clearance between the rotating pump and the outer edge must be very

close, requiring that the pumps rotate at a slow, steady speed. If rotary pumps are

operated at high speeds, the air will cause erosion. Rotary pumps that experience such

erosion eventually show signs of enlarged clearances, which allow the air to slip

through and detract from the efficiency of the pump.

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CHAPTER 3: Methodology

3.0 Overview

The project is to design and build an automatic monitoring and cooling system. Cooling

system method act based on the according system to defined setting. The system will

maintain or reduce the temperature inside the house via fan and keep monitoring it. The

system will turn on a fan when the light sensor receives an enough light from the sun to

trigger an output value. The speed of the fan will depend on temperature value. If the value

gets higher, the speed will increase and vice versa. At the approximate value of temperature,

the room will be flowed with air to help reduce the temperature. LED is used to display the

speed of fan, by indicating the different colour for each condition.

3.1 Project Component

1. PIC18f4580Use to control the system by programmed it.

2. Heat sensor (LM35)Detect brightness from the sun upon the roof.

3. Ice boxStore the cool air for external use.

4. Air pumpPump the air from the ice box.

5. LEDDisplay the level speed of fan.

6. Fan To reduce temperature inside the room

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3.2 Block Diagram

3.3 Flowchart

3.3.1 Main project flow chart

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PCPIC18F4580

HEAT SENSOR

COOLING FANLED

PUMP MOTOR

Start

Hardware Part and Process Flow

Programming design and Process Flow

Software Checking and Process Flow

3.3.2 Hardware Part and Process Flow

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3.3.3 Programming design and Process Flow

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3.3.4 Software Checking and Process Flow

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3.3.5 Overall Flow Chart

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Start

Check the condition heat inside house

Detecting the heat inside the building

Is it enough light?

Phase 1: Fan is function and (LED Green ON)

Phase 2: Fan is function (LED Yellow ON)

Phase 3: Fan and air pump is function (LED Red ON)

Display the level condition using LED

3.4 Circuit

3.4.1 Motor pump control

The pump water is control in normally open. Originally the pump motor can only control by socket plug and to made it suitable and compatible with pic18f4580, relay 5V is used as a another switch that can be control by program the system. The switch that controls the pump is located at the PORTB4 at PIC board to the positive terminal for both of relay and grounded it. This system operates with control by condition of PORTB4 high. Based on the LDR sensor, the input that have been receive will be process and convert as a input for pump motor to rotate.

3.4.2 Fan Circuit

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3.4.3 Heat Sensor Circuit

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CHAPTER 4: Result and Discussion

4.0 Overview

This chapter provides results that are obtained from experiment. The experimental results then will be discussed either the experimental is as good as the ideal or rather too differ from theoretical. The result will be shows and discussed.

The aim of this project is to detect intensity of heat at home. Heat sensor had been used in this project to make sure the intensity of heat had been calculated accurately so the system will choose which phase will occur.

Figure 1 : Complete Project

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4.1 First Phase

Figure 2 : No light

For the first phase, there is no light and heat detected and at this rate no LM35 sensor up and all system not function. This phase is where there is no heat and it’s normal temperature.

4.2 Second Phase

Figure 3 : Low intensity light

At this phase, sensor had detected low intensity of light and heat, LED green light up and fan will turning for speed level 1 (low).

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4.3 Third Phase

Figure 4 : Medium Intensity Light

For the third phase, sensor detects medium intensity light and heat, yellow LED light up. At this rate, the speed of the fan will increase while yellow LED light up.

4.4 Fourth Phase

Figure 5 : High Intensity Light

For the last phase, all LM35 will on when heat sensor detect high intensity light and heat. The air pump also will start working. So for this phase the air pump make air cold get into the home.

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Discussion and Result

From this project there are certain processes and procedures that need to follow during made this project, this project included the input and output device and based on the circuit that was obtained from resources information. Mostly this project using the circuit and in order to maintain and make sure the circuit is function, the circuit and board need to be calibrate and check if there are any misconnection or any problem in the circuit. We use PIC18F4580 to make the circuit function by following the operations that have been program in the PIC. We use software the MPLAB IDE to program the input of the circuit by using the Assembly programming. The program includes the ADC to control the rotation of motor by program and using the input from the sensor to trigger it. This mechanism or system is to make sure the home or room is cool by maintaining the temperature or reduce it until the normal temperature. The input we used is a LM35 sensor that can trigger the fan and pump when there are enough light that received during the process.

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CHAPTER 5: Conclusion

5.1 Summary

The summary for this project, it shows on how the Microprocessor system can be

applied in developing the home automatic cooling system. The project came into being and

the result and idea of how to apply the information that was obtained from the knowledge

after studying the Microprocessor. This project can be improving more because today, more

and more manufacturers are using Microprocessor technology to improve their productivity

and reduce cost.

5.2 Constraints

The problem that was faced during made this mini project is lack of knowledge about

the circuit and MPLAB IDE software command function and how to repair the program if

there were any errors. Second problem is using lot of time by troubleshoot PIC board because

there are problems such as broken, malfunctioning and else. There are changing in the input

circuit where we replace the temperature sensor with the LM35 sensor.

5.3 Recommendation for future

For the future project student may be able to make this system more functional like

connect the system with computer and others. For example student can make the system will

keep monitoring light intensity and temperature surround it and display the all status

condition of the system at the monitor display. There are several that can be improving

automatic cooling system. It also needs to study further in order to improve this project to

become better such as made a simple circuit and using less space with low cost modal and

adding extra function such as automatic door.

The main target of group to be using this system is for personal at home and industry,

for the reason it will be benefit to them. It compatible not only for big manufacturing industry

but also can be used it for small manufacturing industry.

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CHAPTER 6: Reference and Appendix

[1] ASHRAE Terminology of HVAC&R, ASHRAE, Inc., Atlanta, 1991,

[2] Needham, Joseph (1991). Science and Civilisation in China, Volume 4: Physics and Physical Technology, Part 2, Mechanical Engineering. Cambridge University Press.

[3] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_conditioning#cite_note-0

[4] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light_Dependent_Resistor

[5] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_cooling

[6] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mechanical_fan

[7] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pump

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Programming for PIC 18f4580

INCLUDE<P18F4580.INC>CONFIG OSC=HSCONFIG WDT=OFFCONFIG LVP=OFFORG 0000H

C1 EQU 0X10C2 EQU 0X11C3 EQU 0X12L_BYTE EQU 0X20H_BYTE EQU 0X21BIN_TEMP EQU 0X22MTR_CON EQU 0X23FAN_CON EQU 0X24LDR_CTRL EQU PORTC#DEFINE INPUT1 PORTC,0

CLRF TRISDCLRF TRISCBCF TRISB,2BSF TRISA,0BSF TRISA,1CLRF TRISE

BSF TRISA,3BSF PORTC,3CALL POWER_UP_FAN

REPEAT CALL NTC_ADCBRA REPEAT

NTC_ADC: BSF ADCON0, ADON MOVLW 0X01 MOVWF ADCON0 MOVLW 0X1E MOVWF ADCON1 MOVLW 0XBE MOVWF ADCON2 CALL DELAY

BSF ADCON0,GOBACK_NTC BTFSC ADCON0,DONE BRA BACK_NTC

MOVFF ADRESL,L_BYTE MOVFF ADRESH,H_BYTE

CALL ALGO MOVWF BIN_TEMP MOVLW 0X22 CPFSGT BIN_TEMP GOTO LOW_TEMPERATURE MOVLW 0X25 CPFSGT BIN_TEMP GOTO NORMAL_TEMPERATURE MOVLW 0X28 CPFSGT BIN_TEMP GOTO MED_TEMPERATURE GOTO HIGH_TEMPERATURE

NTC RETURN

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ALGORRNCF L_BYTE,FRRNCF L_BYTE,WANDLW 0X3FMOVWF L_BYTERRNCF H_BYTE,FRRNCF H_BYTE,WANDLW 0XC0IORWF L_BYTE,WRETURN

DELAYMOVLW D'250'MOVWF C1

LOOP0 MOVLW D'250'MOVWF C2

LOOP1 MOVLW D'8'MOVWF C3

LOOP2 DECFSZ C3BRA LOOP2DECFSZ C2BRA LOOP1DECFSZ C1BRA LOOP0RETURN

L_DELAYMOVLW D'250'MOVWF 0X06

QLOOP0 MOVLW D'250'MOVWF 0X07

QLOOP1 MOVLW D'20'MOVWF 0X08

QLOOP2 DECFSZ 0X08BRA QLOOP2DECFSZ 0X07BRA QLOOP1DECFSZ 0X06BRA QLOOP0RETURN

LOW_TEMPERATUREMOVLW 0X00CPFSEQ FAN_CONGOTO LOW_TGOTO T1

LOW_T MOVLW B'00000000'MOVWF PORTEBCF PORTD,0BCF T2CON,TMR2ONCLRF CCP1CONMOVLW D'156'MOVWF PR2MOVLW D'1'MOVWF CCPR1LBCF TRISC,CCP1MOVLW 0X02

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MOVWF T2CONMOVLW 0X0CMOVWF CCP1CONCLRF TMR2BSF T2CON,TMR2ONBCF PIR1,TMR2IF

OVER_L BTFSS PIR1,TMR2IFBRA OVER_LMOVLW 0X00MOVWF FAN_CON

T1 GOTO NTC

NORMAL_TEMPERATUREMOVLW 0X01CPFSEQ FAN_CONGOTO NORMAL_TGOTO T2

NORMAL_T MOVLW B'00000001'MOVWF PORTEBCF PORTD,0BCF T2CON,TMR2ONCLRF CCP1CONMOVLW D'156'MOVWF PR2MOVLW D'62'MOVWF CCPR1LBCF TRISC,CCP1MOVLW 0X02MOVWF T2CONMOVLW 0X0CMOVWF CCP1CONCLRF TMR2BSF T2CON,TMR2ONBCF PIR1,TMR2IF

OVER_N BTFSS PIR1,TMR2IFBRA OVER_NMOVLW 0X01MOVWF FAN_CON

T2 GOTO NTC

MED_TEMPERATUREMOVLW 0X02CPFSEQ FAN_CONBRA MED_TGOTO T3

MED_T MOVLW B'00000010'MOVWF PORTEBCF PORTD,0BCF T2CON,TMR2ONCLRF CCP1CONMOVLW D'156'MOVWF PR2MOVLW D'109'MOVWF CCPR1LBCF TRISC,CCP1MOVLW 0X02MOVWF T2CON

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MOVLW 0X0CMOVWF CCP1CONCLRF TMR2BSF T2CON,TMR2ONBCF PIR1,TMR2IF

OVER_M BTFSS PIR1,TMR2IFBRA OVER_MMOVLW 0X02MOVWF FAN_CON

T3 GOTO NTC

HIGH_TEMPERATUREMOVLW 0X03CPFSEQ FAN_CONGOTO HIGH_TGOTO T4

HIGH_T MOVLW B'00000100'MOVWF PORTEBSF PORTD,0BCF T2CON,TMR2ONCLRF CCP1CONMOVLW D'156'MOVWF PR2MOVLW D'156'MOVWF CCPR1LBCF TRISC,CCP1MOVLW 0X02MOVWF T2CONMOVLW 0X0CMOVWF CCP1CONCLRF TMR2BSF T2CON,TMR2ONBCF PIR1,TMR2IF

OVER_H BTFSS PIR1,TMR2IFBRA OVER_HMOVLW 0X03MOVWF FAN_CON

T4 GOTO NTC

POWER_UP_FANBCF T2CON,TMR2ONCLRF CCP1CONMOVLW D'156'MOVWF PR2MOVLW D'62'MOVWF CCPR1LBCF TRISC,CCP1MOVLW 0X02MOVWF T2CONMOVLW 0X0CMOVWF CCP1CONCLRF TMR2BSF T2CON,TMR2ONBCF PIR1,TMR2IFGOTO REPEAT

END

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