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SSWH18 The student will demonstrate an understanding of the global political, economic, and social impact of WWII.
SSWH18The student will demonstrate an understanding of the global political, economic, and social impact of WWII.
LONG-TERM CAUSES:
fTreaty of Versailles- Germans saw as unfairf ReparationsfWar-Guilt ClausefMilitary Restrictions f Loss of Territoryf Loss of Colonies
fGreat DepressionfAggression (Italy, Germany, Japan)
SHORT-TERM CAUSE:• Aug. 1939: Non-Aggression Pact
(Germany & Soviet Union)• Blitzkrieg (lightening war) to subdue
Poland• Sept. 01, 1939: Began with the invasion
of Poland by Hitler• Sept. 03, 1939: Britain & France declared
war on Germany• World War II: 1939-1945
ALLIANCES:
ALLIES:f GREAT BRITAIN
f FRANCE
f SOVIET UNION (switched)
f UNITED STATES
f CANADA
f POLAND
f CHINA
AXIS:f GERMANY
f ITALY
f JAPAN
TWO LOCATIONS:
EUROPEAN THEATER:f Fighting was primarily land-
basedf Large scale bombing raidsf More countries involvedf German soldiers tended to
surrender when defeat was apparent
PACIFIC THEATER:f Fighting was primarily at seaf Island hopping & island
invasionsf More up-close fightingf Japanese land soldiers &
Kamikaze pilots would fight to the death
MAJOR BATTLES: PEARL HARBOR
f December 07, 1941f surprise attack by the Japanese on US naval base in
Pearl Harbor, Hawaii (USA)f US stood in the way of a Pacific empire in Asiaf ended US neutrality, brought US into war
MAJOR BATTLES:EL-ALAMEIN
f 1st Battle: July 1942
f 2nd Battle: October-November 1942
f Located in Egypt
f Allied Powers stopped the advancing Axis Powers, driving them back to Tunisia
f Decisive battle that lead to German surrender in North Africa in May 1943
MAJOR BATTLES:STALINGRAD
f Hitler breaks Non-Aggression Pact; invades Soviet Union (June 1941)
fmajor turning point in war on Eastern frontf one of the costliest battles in WWIIfGermans unable to deal with winter in RussiafGermans get trapped in city with no food or
ammunitionf Jan. 1943: German commander surrenders
MAJOR BATTLES:D-DAY
f June 06, 1944
f major turning point on Western Front; opened a second front in Europe
f largest amphibious attack in history
f Allies attack on the beaches of Normandy, France
f Pages 946-947
MAJOR BATTLES:GUADALCANAL
f August 07, 1942
f Americans v. Japanese
f Located on the Solomon Islands, near Australia
f Took the Americans 6 months to cpature the island
f Allied victory allowed Australia to be protected & a safe sea route between US & Australia
f Part of island-hopping
MAJOR BATTLES:THE PHILIPPINES
f June 19-20, 1944
f America v. Japan
f Naval battle for control of the Philippine Islands
f Allied victory that helped to destroy Japanese planes
NAZI IDEOLOGY:
f Racism, especially Anti-Semitism & Anti-Slavism
f Belief in the superiority of the white, Aryan race (Social Darwinism)
f Euthanasia & Eugenics
f Inventing common enemies: Jews, gypsies, homosexuals, disabled
f Belief in exterminating all inferior races
THE FINAL SOLUTION:
f Jews were first sent to ghettos, then concentration camps (work camps)
f Wannsee Conference: Jan. 20, 1942; decision of the genocide of all European Jews
f Death camps were built & “undersirables” were sent there with efficient methods for killing men, women, & children
THE HOLOCAUST:
f The Nazi massacre of over 6 million Jews & over 6 million other people
f Prisoners heads were shaved, they were stripped, women & children were separated from men
f Young, elderly, & sick were killed immediately
f Gas chambers, shootings, & crematoriums used
f Medical experiments common
f The Holocaust is a reminder of the horrors of racism and intolerance
DR. JOSEPH MENGEL
First they came for the JewsAnd I did not speak out-
Because I was not a Jew.
Then they came for theCommunists and I did notSpeak out-because I was
Not a communist.
Then they came for the trade Unionists and I did not speak
Out-because I was not A trade unionist.
Then they came for me-And there was no one left to
Speak out for me.
-Pastor Niemoeller
EUROPEAN THEATER:
f French, British, & Americans advanced through France (west)
f Soviets advanced through Germany (east) heading towards Berlin
f Hitler began to lose supportf April 1945 Soviet troops and American troops met at
the Elbe River & shook hands; war endsfGermany surrenders May 07, 1945f V-E Day (May 08, 1945)
PACIFIC THEATER:
fManhattan Project: name given to the atomic bomb creation project
f President Harry Truman decides to drop bombs to save American lives
f US dropped 2 atomic bombs on Japan1. Hiroshima (90,000-160,000 died)2. Nagaski (60,000-80,000 died)
f August 15, 1945: Japan surrenders (V-J Day)f Introduced a new type of war: nuclear
COST OF WAR:
f Germany- 3 million combat deaths (3/4ths on the eastern front)
f Japan – over 1.5 combat deaths; 900,000 civilians dead
f Soviet Union - 13 million combat deaths
f U.S. – 300,000 combat deaths, over 100,000 other deaths
THE BIG THREE:STALIN, CHURCHILL, & ROOSEVELT
TEHRAN:f Location: Iran, 1943
f Distrust among the Allies
f Churchill & Roosevelt agreed to allow the borders under the Nazi-Soviet Pact stand (Poland)
f Stalin asks for a two-front war to be opened up, Churchhill & Roosevelt say they don’t have resouces, Stalin angry
YALTA:f Lcoation: Soviet Union (Feb. 1945)
f Stalin wanted to control Eastern Europe, Churchill & Roosevelt wanted self-determination (choose own government)
f Soviet Union would help fight Japan
f Germany would be divided into 4 zones (US, France, GB, USSR)
f Stalin agreed to hold free elections in Eastern Europe
POTSDAM CONFERENCE:
f Location: Germany (July 16-Aug 02, 1945)
f Harry Truman represented USf Purpose was how to punish Nazi
Germanyf Other goals included post-war
order, peace treaty issues, & countering effects of the war
f Demilitarization in Japan and Germany
f Nuremburg Trials – 22 Nazi leaders charged with “Crimes against Humanity”
UNITED NATIONS:
fApril 1945: delegates from 50 nations met in San Francisco to create UN
f5 permanent members: US, Soviet Union, Britain, France, & China
fPrevents outbreak of diseases, helps education, protects refugees, & helps nations develop economically
POST-WAR POLICIES:
f Causes of tension in Europe:
*German reparations
*governments in Eastern Europe
*conflicting ideologies(communism v. democracy)
*mutual distrust
f Led to Cold War (US v. USSR)
f Marshall Plan:
f Aid package offered by US to send food & aid to Europe to help countries rebuild
f Helped Europe recover rapidly (billions of dollars)
f Truman also offered it to USSR & Eastern Europe, Stalin declined & forbade any country from accepting it
MACARTHUR'S PLAN FOR JAPAN:
f Emperor lost all political power
f Established a parliamentary democracy
f Education system opened to all people
f Legal equality for women
f Rebuilt cities & economy
f Began huge trading relationship with US
