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© 2008 Astronomical Society of the Pacific www.astrosociety.org Copies for educational purposes are permitted.
Additional astronomy activities can be found here: http://nightsky.jpl.nasa.gov
About the Activity Teach your visitors how to use a star map and mark the current locations of planets and the Moon along the ecliptic.
Topics Covered • Provide visitors with a handout to
plot the positions of the planets they saw in the evening sky.
• Provide visitors with scaled sizes of the planets.
• Provide a way for visitors to find out more about the planets and NASA missions.
Participants Star maps are appropriate for families, the general public, and school groups ages 10 and up. Any number of visitors can participate using the star maps.
Location and Timing Use this activity at a star party on a clear night. It only takes about 15 minutes to show your visitors how to use the star map and mark the planets. But observing and finding things on the maps can last as long as they are interested.
Materials Needed • Copies of current month’s star map
for your visitors: Where are the Planets?
• Pencils or pens • Optional: You may want to copy
your club information on the back of the map.
Included in This Packet Page Detailed Activity Description 2 Helpful Hints 3 Background Information 4 Star Maps 5
Where are the Planets? Star Maps
Detailed Activity Description To Do: Pass around copies of the star maps. To Say: These star maps just show the constellations in the sky and don’t include the positions of the planets. You get to mark on the map where you saw the planets. Pictures of the planets, scaled to the correct sizes, are shown at the bottom of the map. See the dotted area on the map? This is the region of the sky where you look to find planets and Earth’s Moon. If you see a bright object that looks like a star and it’s not moving (moving “stars” could be airplanes or satellites), it might be a planet. Look at your star map and see if the star-like object shows up as one of the stars on the map. If it doesn’t, you are probably seeing a planet. Ask one of the telescope operators to show it to you. You might be able to tell which planet it is by seeing it in the telescope.
Takes maps. Yes. Looks up at the sky, looking for planets.
To Do: You may want to provide a quick training on how to use a star map. To Say: Road maps are read with the map oriented down, where the roads are. A star map is oriented up, where the stars are. Let’s all face north. Rotate your star map so the side of the map marked “North” is down toward the northern horizon. All the constellations in that quarter of the map will be visible in front of you. Now let’s turn toward the east. Rotate the map so the side of the map marked “East” is down toward the eastern horizon. All the constellations in that quarter of the map will be visible in front of you.
Visitors follow directions.
To Say: Now look straight up. What part of the map will show the stars over your head? Right! Now, who can find [name a constellation]?
The center of the map? Visitors use star map.
2
© 2008 Astronomical Society of the Pacific www.astrosociety.org Copies for educational purposes are permitted.
Additional astronomy activities can be found here: http://nightsky.jpl.nasa.gov
Helpful Hints
More information on the star maps: This star map has 20-degree wide area centered on the ecliptic. The planets and Earth’s Moon will be found in this region of the sky.
Presentation Tip: Most people think the Moon and planets might be found anywhere in the sky. This map helps reinforce the message of the banner that the planets will be found in the direction of the constellations of the ecliptic in the plane of our Solar System. Be sure to help your visitors orient the map correctly. If facing north, the side of the map marked “North” should be down, toward the northern horizon. The same is true for each direction.
3
© 2008 Astronomical Society of the Pacific www.astrosociety.org Copies for educational purposes are permitted.
Additional astronomy activities can be found here: http://nightsky.jpl.nasa.gov
Background Information Constellations of the Zodiac
Most people think of the 12 classical astronomical constellations of the Zodiac. It is acknowledged that Ophiuchus is the “13th constellation” along the ecliptic: the apparent path of the Sun across the sky Brief background on a person’s “astrological sign”: A person’s astrological sign or “Sun Sign” was traditionally the constellation that contained the Sun at the time the person was born. This is why the constellation with the same name as the person’s astrological sign is not visible at night on their birthday – the Sun is very roughly in the direction of that constellation. However, due to the Earth’s precession, a 26,000-year wobble in the Earth’s axis, the Sun no longer occupies its traditional constellations for astrological signs. The “signs” have all been carried about one constellation to the west (clockwise on the banner). In addition, the astrological signs each cover 30 degrees of sky (12 signs in 360 degrees). The modern boundaries of the astronomical constellations are of varying sizes. So the Sun appears to be in front of each constellation along the ecliptic for varying periods of time. So do not confuse astrological signs with astronomical constellations. Dr. James Kaler and Dr. Phil Plait provide more information: http://www.astro.uiuc.edu/~kaler/celsph.html (See the chart of when the Sun crosses the boundary into each constellation of the Classical Astronomical Zodiac of 12 constellations). http://www.badastronomy.com/bad/misc/zodiac.html
4
AQUARIUS
PEGASUSANDROMEDA
CETUS
PISCES
ERIDANUS
TAURUS
ORION
LEPUS
COLUMBA
CANISMAJOR
CANISMINOR
GEMINI
CANCER
LEO
ARIES
TRIAN
GULUM
PERSEUS
CASSIOPEI
A
AURIGA
CYGNUS
CEPHEUS
DRACO
URSAMINORURSA
MAJOR
Deneb
Enif
Polaris
Algol
Capella
Aldebaran
Mira
Betelgeuse
Rigel
Castor
Regulus PolluxSirius
Procyon
PleiadesHyades
Where are the Planets?The all-sky map represents the night sky as seen from approximately 35° north latitude at the following times:
9 p.m. daylight time on January 18 p.m. daylight time on January 157 p.m. daylight time on January 31
To locate stars in the sky, hold the map above your head and orient it so that one of the four direction labels matches the direction you’re facing. The map will then represent what you see in the sky.
North
South
East W
est
You will find the planets and the Moon in the area of the sky called the “ecliptic,” marked on the map between the dotted lines.
January
Find out about NASA Solar System missions:http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions
Discover the worlds of the Solar System:http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets
Mercury
Venus
Earth Mars
Moon
Jupiter Saturn
Uranus
Neptune
National Aeronautics and Space Administration
www.nasa.gov
ANDR
OMED
AAR
IES
AURIGA
CANCER
CANISMAJOR
CANISMINOR
CASSIOPEIA
CEPHEUS
CETU
S
COLUMBA
DRACO
ERIDANUS
GEMINI
HYDRALEO
LEPUS
ORION
PEGA
SUS
PERSEUS
PISCE
S
PUPPIS
TAURUSTR
IANGU
LUM
URSAMAJOR
URSA MINOR
Aldebaran
Algol
Alphard Betelgeuse
Capella
Castor
Denebola
Mira
Polaris
Pollux
ProcyonRegulus
RigelSirius
Canopus
Pleiad
es
Hyad
es
Where are the Planets?The all-sky map represents the night sky as seen from approximately 35° north latitude at the following times:
9 p.m. daylight time on February 18 p.m. daylight time on February 157 p.m. daylight time on February 28
To locate stars in the sky, hold the map above your head and orient it so that one of the four direction labels matches the direction you’re facing. The map will then represent what you see in the sky.
North
South
East W
est
You will find the planets and the Moon in the area of the sky called the “ecliptic,” marked on the map between the dotted lines.
February
Find out about NASA Solar System missions:http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions
Discover the worlds of the Solar System:http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets
Mercury
Venus
Earth Mars
Moon
Jupiter Saturn
Uranus
Neptune
National Aeronautics and Space Administration
www.nasa.gov
ANDROMEDA
ARIES
AURIG
A
BOOTES
CANCER
CANISMAJOR
CANISMINOR
CASSIOPEIA
CEPHEUS
CETU
S
COLUMBA
COMABERENICES
CORVUS
CRATER
DRACO
ERID
ANUSGEMINI
HYDRA
LEO
LEPUS
ORION
PERSEU
S
PUPPIS
TAUR
US
TRIAN
GULU
MURSA
MAJOR
URSAMINOR
VELA
VIRGO
Aldeb
aran
Algol
AlphardArcturus
Betelg
euse
Capella
Casto
r
Denebola
Polaris
Pollux
ProcyonRegulus
Rigel
Sirius
Spica
Pleiad
esHy
ades
Where are the Planets?The all-sky map represents the night sky as seen from approximately 35° north latitude at the following times:
10 p.m. standard time on March 110 p.m. daylight time on March 15 9 p.m. daylight time on March 31
To locate stars in the sky, hold the map above your head and orient it so that one of the four direction labels matches the direction you’re facing. The map will then represent what you see in the sky.
North
South
East W
est
You will find the planets and the Moon in the area of the sky called the “ecliptic,” marked on the map between the dotted lines.
March
Find out about NASA Solar System missions:http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions
Discover the worlds of the Solar System:http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets
Mercury
Venus
Earth Mars
Moon
Jupiter Saturn
Uranus
Neptune
National Aeronautics and Space Administration
www.nasa.gov
AURIG
A
BOOTES
CANC
ER
CANIS
MAJOR
CANIS
MINO
R
CASSIOPEIA
CENTAURUS
CEPHEUS
COMABERENICES
CORONABOREALIS
CORVUS
CRATER
DRACO
GEMI
NI
HERCULESHYDRA
LEO
LIBRAOR
ION
PERSEU
S
PUPPIS
SERPENSCAPUT
TAUR
US
URSA MAJOR
URSA MINOR
VELA
VIRGO
Alde
baran
Algol
Alphard
Arcturus
Betel
geus
e
Capella
Casto
r
Denebola
Polaris
Pollu
xPro
cyonRegulus
Rigel
SiriusSpica
Vega
Pleiad
esHy
ades
Where are the Planets?The all-sky map represents the night sky as seen from approximately 35° north latitude at the following times:
11 p.m. daylight time on April 110 p.m. daylight time on April 15 9 p.m. daylight time on April 30
To locate stars in the sky, hold the map above your head and orient it so that one of the four direction labels matches the direction you’re facing. The map will then represent what you see in the sky.
North
South
East W
est
April
You will find the planets and the Moon in the area of the sky called the “ecliptic,” marked on the map between the dotted lines.
Find out about NASA Solar System missions:http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions
Discover the worlds of the Solar System:http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets
Mercury
Venus
Earth Mars
Moon
Jupiter Saturn
Uranus
Neptune
National Aeronautics and Space Administration
www.nasa.gov
AURIGA
BOOTES
CANC
ER
CANI
SMI
NOR
CASSIOPEIA
CENTAURUSCEPHEUS
COMABER
ENICES
CORONA
BOREALIS
CORVUS
CRATERCYGNUS
DRACO GEMI
NI
HERCULES
HYDR
A
LEO
LIBRA
LUPUS
LYRA
OPHIUCHUS
SAGITTASCORPIUS
SCUTUM
SERPENS
CAPUT
SERPENS CAUDA
URSA
MAJOR
URSA MINOR
VIRGOAlp
hard
Altair
Antares
Arcturus
Capella
Casto
r
Deneb
Denebol
a
Polaris
Pollu
x
Procy
on
Regu
lus
Spica
Vega
Where are the Planets?The all-sky map represents the night sky as seen from approximately 35° north latitude at the following times:
Midnight daylight time on May 111 p.m. daylight time on May 1510 p.m. daylight time on May 31
To locate stars in the sky, hold the map above your head and orient it so that one of the four direction labels matches the direction you’re facing. The map will then represent what you see in the sky.
North
South
East W
est
May
You will find the planets and the Moon in the area of the sky called the “ecliptic,” marked on the map between the dotted lines.
Find out about NASA Solar System missions:http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions
Discover the worlds of the Solar System:http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets
Mercury
Venus
Earth Mars
Moon
Jupiter Saturn
Uranus
Neptune
National Aeronautics and Space Administration
www.nasa.gov
BOOT
ES
CASSIOPEIA
CENTAURUSCEPHEUS
COMA
BERE
NICE
SCORONABOREALIS
CORVUS
CRAT
ER
CYGNUS
DRACO
HERCULES
LEO
LIBRA
LUPUS
LYRAOPHIUCHUS
SAGITTA
SAGITTARIUS
AQUILA
DELPHINUS
SCORPIUS
SCUTUMSERPENSCAPUT
SERPENS CAUDA
URSA
MAJORURSA MINOR
VIRGO
Altair
Antares
Arcturus
DenebDe
nebo
la
Polaris
Regu
lusSpica
Vega
Where are the Planets?The all-sky map represents the night sky as seen from approximately 35° north latitude at the following times:
Midnight daylight time on June 111 p.m. daylight time on June 1510 p.m. daylight time on June 30
To locate stars in the sky, hold the map above your head and orient it so that one of the four direction labels matches the direction you’re facing. The map will then represent what you see in the sky.
North
South
East W
est
June
You will find the planets and the Moon in the area of the sky called the “ecliptic,” marked on the map between the dotted lines.
Find out about NASA Solar System missions:http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions
Discover the worlds of the Solar System:http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets
Mercury
Venus
Earth Mars
Moon
Jupiter Saturn
Uranus
Neptune
National Aeronautics and Space Administration
www.nasa.gov
BOOT
ES
CASSIOPEIA
ANDROMEDA
PEGASUS
CEPHEUS
COMA
BERE
NICE
S
CORO
NABO
REAL
ISCYGNUS
DRACO
HERCULE
S
LIBRA
LYRA
OPHIUCHUS
SAGITTA
SAGITTARIUS
AQUILA
DELPHINUS
CAPRICORNUS
AQUARIUS
SCORPIUS
LUPUS
SCUTUM
SERPEN
SCA
PUT
SERPENSCAUDA
URSA MAJOR
URSA MINOR
VIRGO
Altair
Antares
Arctu
rus
Deneb
Enif
Polaris
Spica
Vega
Where are the Planets?The all-sky map represents the night sky as seen from approximately 35° north latitude at the following times:
Midnight daylight time on July 111 p.m. daylight time on July 1510 p.m. daylight time on July 31
To locate stars in the sky, hold the map above your head and orient it so that one of the four direction labels matches the direction you’re facing. The map will then represent what you see in the sky.
North
South
East W
est
July
You will find the planets and the Moon in the area of the sky called the “ecliptic,” marked on the map between the dotted lines.
Find out about NASA Solar System missions:http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions
Discover the worlds of the Solar System:http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets
Mercury
Venus
Earth Mars
Moon
Jupiter Saturn
Uranus
Neptune
National Aeronautics and Space Administration
www.nasa.gov
ANDROMEDA
AQUARIUS
AQUILA
BOOT
ESCAPRICORNUS
CASSIOPEIACEPHEUS
COMA
BERE
NICES
CORO
NABO
REAL
IS
CYGNUS
DELPHINUS
DRACO
HERC
ULES
LIBRA
LYRA
OPHIUCHUS PEGASUS
PERSEUS
PISCES SAGITTA
SAGITTARIUSSCORPIUS
SCUTUM
SERP
ENS
CAPU
T
SERPENSCAUDA
TRIANGULUM
URSA MAJOR
URSA MINOR
VIRGO
Altair
Antares
Arctu
rus
Deneb
Enif
Polaris
Spica
Vega
Where are the Planets?The all-sky map represents the night sky as seen from approximately 35° north latitude at the following times:
11 p.m. daylight time on August 110 p.m. daylight time on August 159 p.m. daylight time on August 31
To locate stars in the sky, hold the map above your head and orient it so that one of the four direction labels matches the direction you’re facing. The map will then represent what you see in the sky.
North
South
East W
est
August
You will find the planets and the Moon in the area of the sky called the “ecliptic,” marked on the map between the dotted lines.
Find out about NASA Solar System missions:http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions
Discover the worlds of the Solar System:http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets
Mercury
Venus
Earth Mars
Moon
Jupiter Saturn
Uranus
Neptune
National Aeronautics and Space Administration
www.nasa.gov
ANDROMEDA
AQUARIUS AQUILA
ARIES
BOOT
ES
CAPRICORNUS
CASSIOPEIA
CEPHEUSCO
MA BEREN
ICES
CORO
NABO
REAL
IS
CYGNUS
DELPHINUS
DRACO
GRUS
HERC
ULES
LIBRA
LYRA
OPHIU
CHUS
PEGASUS
PERSEUS
PISCES
PISCIS AUSTRINUS
SAGITTA
SAGITTARIUS
SCORPIUS
SCUTUM
SERP
ENS
CAPU
T
SERPENS
CAUDATRIANGULUM
URSA MAJOR
URSA MINOR
Algol
Altair
Antares
Arctu
rusDeneb
Enif
Fomalhaut
Polaris
Vega
Where are the Planets?The all-sky map represents the night sky as seen from approximately 35° north latitude at the following times:
10 p.m. daylight time on September 19 p.m. daylight time on September 158 p.m. daylight time on September 30
To locate stars in the sky, hold the map above your head and orient it so that one of the four direction labels matches the direction you’re facing. The map will then represent what you see in the sky.
North
South
East W
est
September
You will find the planets and the Moon in the area of the sky called the “ecliptic,” marked on the map between the dotted lines.
Find out about NASA Solar System missions:http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions
Discover the worlds of the Solar System:http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets
Mercury
Venus
Earth Mars
Moon
Jupiter Saturn
Uranus
Neptune
National Aeronautics and Space Administration
www.nasa.gov
ANDROMEDA
AQUARIUS
AQUILAARIES
AURIGA
BOOT
ES
CAPRICORNUS
PISCIS AUSTRINUS
SAGITTARIUS
CASSIOPEIA
CEPHEUS
CETUS
CORO
NABO
REAL
IS
CYGN
US
DELPHINUS
DRACO
GRUS
HERC
ULES
LYRA
OPHI
UCHU
S
PEGASUS
PERSEUS
PISCESSCU
TUM
SERP
ENS
CAPU
T
SERPEN
SCA
UDA
TRIANGULUM
URSA MAJOR
URSA MINOR
Algol
Altair
Capella
Deneb
Enif
Fomalhaut
Mira
Polaris
Vega
Pleiades
Where are the Planets?The all-sky map represents the night sky as seen from approximately 35° north latitude at the following times:
10 p.m. daylight time on October 19 p.m. daylight time on October 157 p.m. daylight time on October 31
To locate stars in the sky, hold the map above your head and orient it so that one of the four direction labels matches the direction you’re facing. The map will then represent what you see in the sky.
North
South
East W
est
October
You will find the planets and the Moon in the area of the sky called the “ecliptic,” marked on the map between the dotted lines.
Find out about NASA Solar System missions:http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions
Discover the worlds of the Solar System:http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets
Mercury
Venus
Earth Mars
Moon
Jupiter Saturn
Uranus
Neptune
National Aeronautics and Space Administration
www.nasa.gov
ANDROMEDA
AQUARIUSAQ
UILAARIES
AURIGA
CAPRICORNUS
CASSIOPEIA
CEPHEUS
CETUS
CYGN
USDE
LPHIN
US
DRACO
ERIDANUS
GRUS
HERC
ULES
LYRA
ORION
PEGASUS
PERSEUS
PHOENIX
PISCES
PISCISAUSTRINUS
SAGI
TTA
SCUT
UM
TAURUS TRIANGULUM
URSA MAJOR
URSA MINOR
Aldebaran
Algol
Capella
Deneb
Enif Alt
air
Fomalhaut
Mira
Polaris
Vega
Pleiades
Hyades
Where are the Planets?The all-sky map represents the night sky as seen from approximately 35° north latitude at the following times:
9 p.m. daylight time on November 18 p.m. daylight time on November 157 p.m. daylight time on November 30
To locate stars in the sky, hold the map above your head and orient it so that one of the four direction labels matches the direction you’re facing. The map will then represent what you see in the sky.
North
South
East W
est
November
You will find the planets and the Moon in the area of the sky called the “ecliptic,” marked on the map between the dotted lines.
Find out about NASA Solar System missions:http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions
Discover the worlds of the Solar System:http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets
Mercury
Venus
Earth Mars
Moon
Jupiter Saturn
Uranus
Neptune
National Aeronautics and Space Administration
www.nasa.gov
ANDROMEDA
AQUARIUS
ARIES
AURIGA
CANISMINOR
CASSIOPEIA
CEPHEUS
CETUS
CYGNUS
DELPHINUS
DRACO
ERIDANUS
GEMINILEPUS
LYRA
ORION
PEGASUS
PERSEUS
PHOENIX
PISCES
PISCIS
AUSTRIN
US
SAGITTA
TAURUS
TRIANGULUM
URSAMAJOR
URSAMINOR
Aldebaran
Algol
Altair
BetelgeuseRigel
Capella
Castor Deneb
Vega
Enif
Fomalha
ut
Mira
Polaris
Pollux
Procyon
Pleiades
Hyades
Where are the Planets?The all-sky map represents the night sky as seen from approximately 35° north latitude at the following times:
9 p.m. daylight time on December 18 p.m. daylight time on December 157 p.m. daylight time on December 31
To locate stars in the sky, hold the map above your head and orient it so that one of the four direction labels matches the direction you’re facing. The map will then represent what you see in the sky.
North
South
East W
est
December
You will find the planets and the Moon in the area of the sky called the “ecliptic,” marked on the map between the dotted lines.
Find out about NASA Solar System missions:http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions
Discover the worlds of the Solar System:http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets
Mercury
Venus
Earth Mars
Moon
Jupiter Saturn
Uranus
Neptune
National Aeronautics and Space Administration
www.nasa.gov