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Egypt and Sudanopportunities for future collaboration

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Ahmed Pasha Kamal Hall, Zamalek, Cairo, Egypt

23th-24*h May 2016

Opportunities for Future Collaboration

CONTENTS

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS .............................................................................................................................. .. 5

SPEAKERS ............................................................................................................................................................. .. 7

PROGRAM ........................................................................................................................................................... .. 9

ABSTRACTS ......................................................................................................................................................... _. 13

.9I2016

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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

his conference aims to draw a picture of the currentactivities in archaeology in both countries in order

to have a clear vision for possible future cooperation indifferent fields of archaeology. This conference will alsohighlight all the efforts made to preserve our heritageand monuments, such as museums, site management,recent excavations, discoveries, training programs,documentation, and archives. The conference will focuson opportunities for collaboration in each of these areas.

The Ministry ofAntiquities thanks the Sudanese delegationfor their vital participation in this conference. Alsothanks to The German Archaeological Institute in Cairo,(DAI), The British Museum London (BM), the UnitedNation Educational, Scientific and Culture Organization(UNESCO) Cairo Office, Egypt Exploration Society (EES)and Polish Centre of Mediterranean Archaeology in Cairofor their support and Cooperation.

Egypt and Sudan

ORGANIZATION COMMITTEE

Dr. Ossama Abdel Meguid

Dr. Hisham Elleithy

Dr. Nashat Alzohary

Dr. Safaa Abdelmonem

Mr. Mohamed Gamal

Mr. Mohamed Saad

(Childern's Museum)

(Ministry of Antiquities)

(Ain Shams University)




1”" INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE


Dr. Abdelrahman Ali

Mrs. Afaf Wahba

Dr. Ahmad al-Shoky

Dr. Aiman Ashmawy

Dr. Angelika LohwasserDr. Artur Obluski

Mrs. Elham Salah El-Din

Mr. Essam Nagy

Dr. Hisham Elleithy

Mrs. Ikhlas Abdel Latief

Mrs. Islam Ghareeb

Dr. Iulie Anderson

Mr. Mohamed Saad

Mr. Mourtada Beshara

Dr. Nashat Alzohary

Dr. Neal SpencerDr. Ossama Abdel Meguid

Dr. Pawel Wolf

Mr. Sami Elamin

Dr. Séverine Marchi

Mrs. Shadia Abdrabo

Dr. Solveige Lawrenz

Dr. Stephen Seidelmayer

Dr. Vivian Davies

Mr. Yaser Hussein

Dr. Yasmin El Shazly

2016

SPEAKERS

(Sudan)

(Egypt)

(Egypt)

(Egypt)(German)

(Poland)

(Egypt)

(Egypt)

(Egypt)

(Sudan)(Egypt)(England)

(Sudan)(Sudan)(Egypt)(England)

(Egypt)(German)

(Sudan)(France)(Sudan)

(German)

(German)(England)

(Egypt)

(Egypt)


Program

Day 1: 23"‘ May 2016

9200- 10:00 AM Registration

10:00- 10:30 Opening Speeches

10:0O- 10:15 Dr. Khaled El-Enany

10:15— 10:30 Dr. Abdelrahman Ali Rahmaallah

10:30- 11:00 Coffee Break

Keynote SpeakerPawel Wolf

ll300- 12300 German Archaeological Institute, DAI

Settlement and Palaeo-Environment at Hamadab/Sudan

12:00- 2:30: Session IA: Excavations: Research, Site ManagementChairman: Dr. Vivian Davies(Senior Research Associate, Griffith Institute, University of Oxford)

Egypt and Sudan — Reflections on: - : h S ‘d 1 . .12 O0 12 30 Step en E1 e mayer Inscriptions from Aswan

12 :30- 1 :00 Angelika Lohwasser E"p°"""“’5 '" A Desert 5""’°V 'Chances and Challenges

1:OO_ 1:30 Artur Obluski 50Years

of Polish Excavations inNubia

. General Report on The MA: — : A A h ,1 30 2 00 "nan S mawy Excavation from 2014-2016

2:00_ 2:30 Mohamed Saad Introducing Bio-Archaeology ofSudan

2230- 3:30 Lunch Break

2016

Egypt and Sudan

3:30-4:30

Day 1: 23"‘ May 2016

Keynote SpeakerVivian Davies: (Senior Research Associate, Griffith Institute,University of Oxford)

Egypt and Sudan: From Elkab to Kurgus: tracking thepharaonic inscriptions

4:30- 7:00: Session IINubia in EgyptChairman: Dr. Stephen Seidelmayer

4230- 5:00

5200- 5:15 PM

5215- 5:45

6115- 6:45

6:45- 7:15

7:30

10

lkhlas Abdel Latief

Coffee Break

Kerma In Hierakonpolis

Ossama Abdel Meguid Nubian Soldiers in the Egyptian Army

Nashat Alzohary

Essam Nagy

Afaf Wahba

Reception

The Book of the Dead in the funerarychapel of the pyramid no. Beg. N. 7in the Cemetery of Begrawiyah

The Kushites in Karnak, in the light ofrecent discoveries

Pick-Up Sticks: The CommingledSkeletal Material from TT. 110

At The Ministery of Antiquities, 3 Adel Abu Bakr St., Zamalek

1“lNTERNATKJNAL(K3NFERENCE


9:00-10:00

Day 2: 24”‘ May 2016

Keynote SpeakerAbdelrahman Ali(General Director of Sudanese Antiquities Organization)

An Overview on the Archaeological Activities in Sudan

10:00- 1:00: Session IIIB: Excavations: Research, Site ManagementChairman: Dr. Abdelrahman Ali Rahmaallah

10:00— 10:30

10:30-11:00

11:00-11:30

11:30-12:00 PM

12:00-12:30

12:30- 1:00

1:00- 1:30

2016

Sami Elamin

Islam Ghareeb

]ulie Anderson

Coffee Break

Mourtada B. Mohamed

Yaser Hussein

Séverine Marchi

The Archaeological Monuments inSudan

Local Community Involvement inCultural Heritage Management -Historic Cairo, a Case Study

The Berber-Abidiya ArchaeologicalProject, Sudan: Investigating,conserving and promoting an Amuntemple

The Naptan region

The Ministry of AntiquitiesArchaeological Field schools andcontinuing research

The Nubian and Egyptian town ofDukki Gel: Recent Discoveries in

Northern Sudan

11

Egypt and Sudan

Day 2: 24"‘ May 2016

Keynote SpeakerNeal Spencer

1 30 230 (Keeper of The Department of Ancient Egypt and Sudan , British Museum)

Amara West

2130- 3:00 Lunch Break

3:00- 5:30: Session IVMuseums and DocumentationChairman: Dr. Neal Spencer

Definition of the role of museum education3:00- 3:30 Elham Salah El-Din , .and Communication

330 4:00 Solveige LawrenzThe

Archiveof Friedrich W. Hinkelz Digital

Solutions for Analogue Research Data

4200- 4:30 Shadia Abdrabo Museums in Sudan, Past, Present and future

The Center for Studies and Documentation4230- 5:00 Hisham Elleithy on Ancient Egypt (CEDAE): Past, Present

and Future

5:00- 5:15 PM Coffee Break _f,,_ 3,

. . "1’ er 4‘? .'v;;’i.t~- - ‘The Registrars of the Egyptian Museum, 3 :_

‘I.

I‘-#-5:15- 5:45 Yasmin El Shazly Cairo: Pioneers in the Field of CollectionsManagement in Egypt

A 5

The Museum of Islamic Art in Cairo, Re-open and international cooperation

9185eReceptionAt The German Archaeological Institute, 31 Abu el Feda St., Zamalek

5245- 6:15 Ahmad al-Shoky

7:00

12 1*‘ INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE

Egypt and Sudan

Pawel Wolf(German Archaeological Institute, DAI)

SETTLEMENT AND PAI.AEO-ENVIRONMENT ATHAMADAB/SUDAN

An Archaeological Cooperation between the Sudan Antiquities Service,The University of Shendi and the German Archaeological Institute

What started in 2001 as a first archaeological investigation into thestructure of a hitherto unknown Meroitic urban settlement next to theKushite capital Meroe City in the Shendi region of Northern Sudan,became by the years a multi-period, interdisciplinary research into thesettlement history of a Meroitic urban town and the geomorphology,palaeo-ecology and historic land use of the Meroe-Hamadab region, thenucleus of the Meroitic kingdom. The contribution presents some of themost interesting fieldwork results of the Hamadab Archaeological Projectsince 200], highlighting the benefits of cooperative interdisciplinary andinternational research.

Besides providing the first complete map of a Meroitic urban townby surface clearings and geophysical prospection such as magnetometryand ground penetrating radar, conducted by both German and Sudaneseteams, the archaeological investigation of some of the town's main featuresyielded a complete chronological sequence of its development based onradiocarbon dating series. The excavations inside the settlement yieldedhitherto unknown information on the structure of a town in the middle NileValley during the centuries around Christ's birth and its basic installationssuch as its street system, fortification, domestic quarters and administrativehouses, its water supply and its sacral installations. That way, it waspossible to draw a picture of a Meroitic urban settlement, its fortified coreand its ‘industrial’ suburbs with pottery and iron production centres. Beinga satellite town of the ‘capital’ Meroe City, it might have housed craftsmenresponsible for the construction of temples and tombs, as well as for theproduction of luxury goods for the Meroitic royal house.

1-" INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2016


Stephan Seidlmayer(German Archaeological Institute (DAI), Cairo)

EGYPT AND THE SUDAN AREFLECTIONS ON INSCRIPTIONS FROM ASWAN

The the first cataract of the Nile was always culturally and for most

periods also politically the southern border of Egypt. Beginning in the

Old Kingdom and extending into the Roman age, a series of importantroyal inscriptions directly relate to Egypt's politics towards the southerncountries. Among the wealth of inscriptions from members of theEgyptian army and administration, many texts offer information on the

structure of Egypts rule over Nubia. Apart from such direct historical

information, fluctuations in the numbers of inscriptions — in particular of

texts carved on natural rocks and graffiti on temple walls - can be related

to changes in the importance and the character of Egyptian Sudanese

relations over the millennia. Thus the epigraphic record of Aswan area

offers important insights into long-term continuities and transformationsin the common history of both countries.

Egypt and Sudan

Angelika Lohwasser(Institutfiir /Igyptologie und Koptologie

Westfiilische Wilhelms-Universitiit Miinster)

EXPERIENCES IN A DESERT SURVEYCHANCES AND CHALLENGES

The project "Wadi Abu Dom Itinerary" is an archaeological survey,conducted in the Bayuda desert 2009-2016. We can count on the fruitfuland supporting collaboration with the National Corporation of Antiquitiesand Museums (NCAM) which helps us to deal with the administration invery different contextes like with the customs, but also with the negotiationwith the local authorities and archaeological discussions.

One of the main tasks is to mediate the different needs of involvedgroups: the local inhabitants, the growing economy, the archaeology andheritage. All of these groups have their own interests which are justifiedfor their part. Sometimes this is quite difficult, like in the case of a newlybuilt dam (in 2013, a dam was built to retain rain water in the wadi), andneither NCAM nor we were informed ahead. In this case we can only reactwith rescue archaeology. But we try to think ahead and to communicateon different possibilities of conficts: We inform the local people whatwe are doing and why to prevent them from treasure hunting (there arereally to treasures to find in that remote area!) and it turned out that somepeople are very interested in their past. And we rebury the skeletons afterexcavation and examination to show the recent inhabitants that we honourtheir anchestors and treat them worthy.

In my opinion, the most important lecture I learned working in thedesert is "trust". The few inhabinats and we are interdependent. During ourfield season, they can count on us to help them with water and transport.And we can count on them in various situations, too. I made the experiencethat mutual trust is of highest value if one wants to explore the desert. Ofcourse this goes far beyond archaeology, but it includes archaeology and isthe first step in cultural heritage management.

1*‘ INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE


Artur Obluski(Polish Centre ofMediterranemz

Archaeology in Cairo)

50 YEARS OF POLISH EXCAVATIONS IN NUBIA

It all started with the first Polish missions to Dabod and Faras andparticipation of Polish specialists in other missions like the one at Qasrel-Wizz. Then, thanks to successful salvage expedition to Faras Sudanesegovernment gratuitously offered prof. Kazimierz Michalowski to workon the other than Faras Nubian capital Tungul (Old Dongola). Today thereare seven Polish archaeological teams working in Nubia with severaltens of specialist involve not only in these teams but other missions, too.Results of their effort will be presented during the lecture along with theshort history of Polish research on Nubia.

2016 17

Egypt and Sudan

Aiman Ashmawy Ali(Director General ofexcavation

department, MA, Egypt)

GENERAL REPORT ON THE MSA EXCAVATION2014-201 6

Excavation is one of the main responsibilities of the MOS in order touncover our past and preserve the Egyptian heritage. Those excavation arecarried out directly by the MSA teams or in co-operation with Egyptianand foreign universities and institutionsThe MOS excavations are divided into;— Systematic excavations , those excavation are financed mainly

by the MSA ,and carried out mainly in the sites owned by theMSA , It follow a pre—planned excavation program

- Risk excavations: those are financed mostly by Egyptianinstitutions and individuals, those excavation are carried outmostly in sites owned by individuals or local authorities andunder supervision of MSA it is not submitted to pre-plannedexcavation program or time table. The aim of this work mainlyis to clear the land from any antiquities in order to be used bytheir owners

- Joint excavations : those are financed by foreign missions andcarried out by a team-work from both sides

All those excavation introduced a very important discoveries and uniqueresults related to the ancient Egyptian history and archaeology.Worthy note of those are the MSA excavation at Tell El-Yahudia , TellEl Abqaeen , Gabel El Nur ,El Kamin El Sahrawy , Abydos , El Qasr ,therisk excavation at Kom Aziza , Alexandria , Tell Daphne , Tell El Manshia, Tell Tebla ,Tell Faraon ”Imt" and the joint excavation at Aswan andHeliopolis.

1“ INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2016


Mohamed Saad(National Council ofAntiquities

and Museums of Sudan Khartoum, Sudan)

INTRODUCING BIO-ARCHAEOLOGY OF SUDAN

This paper aims to present the first results of the bio-archaeologicalanalyses of human remains excavated by the National Council of

Antiquities and Museum of Sudan (NCAM) at the Meroitic cemeteryat Berber (2nd-3rd century AD), Central Sudan, DDASP ( Dabba- DamArchaeological Salvage project preliminary report, RDASP (RosieresDam I-Ieightening Archaeological Salvage Project- the excavation atAzaza site- Rose 5, preliminary report

Funerary customs employed in the cemetery including both extendedand contracted burials potentially suggest cultural changes occurring inthe ares. Applying a bio cultural approach, we will report demographicand palaeopathological results in combination with contextualarchaeological data in order to provide an insight into living conditionsin this region during different period. Low mean statures and evidenceof infectious disease so far indicate a certain degree of environmentalpressures affecting the population living at these sites.

This innovative research project represents the first output of recentefforts to establish bio—archaeological training and research in Sudanbrought about by an increasing demand of specialists due to large scale

salvage excavations. All analyses were carried out in the newly createdresearch facilities of NCAM at the National Museum in Khartoum,Sudan.

19

Egypt and Sudan

Vivian Davies(Senior Research Associate, Griffith Institute,

University of Oxford)

EGYPT AND SUDAN: FROM ELKAB T0 KURGUS

An overview of the results of epigraphic recording carried out at sitesin Egypt and Sudan, with particular reference to inscriptions bearing onthe conflict between Egypt and the Kingdom of Kush during the SecondIntermediate Period and early New Kingdom. The sites in question

include Elkab in Egypt and Tombos and Kurgus in Sudan, with thematerial ranging from tomb—biographies to rock-inscriptions.

22 1*" INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2016


Ikhlas Abdel Latief(Sudan National Museum,

Khartoum, Sudan)

KERMA IN HIERAKONPOLIS

During the later Second Intermediate Period, the powerful Kingdom ofKush launched raids into Egypt, carrying off booty that included statues, stelaeand other fine objects from various temples and shrines. These objects weretrophies destined to be buried in the great tumulus-tombs of the Kushite kingsat their capital Kenna. That the Hierakonpolis (Nekhen)-Elkab (Nekheb) area inUpper Egypt was the focus of some of these raids is known from an inscriptionrecently uncovered in the tomb of Sobeknakht, the governor of Elkab (Davies2003). Other evidence for these Nubian raids is in the booty itself.

One small grano-diorite statue now in the Sudan National Museum (no.1132) was discovered by George Reisner in Kerma tumulus KXV. The onlyunbroken figure he found at the site, it is inscribed for the ‘elder of the portal’Mentjuhotep and invokes Horus of Nekhen (Hierakonpolis). On the basis of itstype and distinctive style it can be dated to the Thirteenth Dynasty. Menljuhoteporiginally placed his statuette in the temple of Horus to help secure eternal lifethrough the intervention of the god.

Two other objects originally belonging to people from Nekhen were alsodiscovered in the Kerma tumuli. One is an alabaster jar, now also in the Sudan

National Museum (inv. 1087), which bears an inscription mentioning perfumedoil for the ka of the mayor of Nekhen, Sobeknakht. It was recovered fromTumulus K111.

The third object is another alabaster jar now in Boston, which was foundin grave K323. It includes an inscription invoking Horus of Nekhen and Osiriswho dwells in Nekhen for the scribe of the temple Hor-Heriat. The way bothvessels have been carved to exploit the decorative pattern in the stones suggeststhey came from the same workshop.

It is possible that these Nubian raids, or fear of them, may have been thereason for burying the famous golden falcon statue of the Horus and the otherprecious or portable objects at the temple at Nekhen, which were discovered by].E. Quibell in 1897-8. Similar anxieties may be the reason for the buried depositsfound at other temple sites throughout Egypt.

Egypt and Sudan

Ossama A. W. Abdel Meguid(ICOM Executive Council Member

Director, Childeru’s Museum)

NUBIAN SOLDIERS IN THE EGYPTIAN ARMY

...... ..When His Majesty took action against the Asiatic sand dwellers,His Majesty made an army of many ten of thousands from all of UpperEgypt .... .._from Irtjet-Nulvians, Medjaw—Nubians, Yam—Nuhians, Warpat-Nubimzs, Kaau-Nub:'ans..... Weni

From the tomb of Mesehty, a monarch of Assiut, we have two veryimpressive groups of wooden figurines, fixed on bases, each representinga regiment of soldiers on the march. One group shows Egyptians and thesecond group of soldiers represent Nubians. There is no doubt that theEgyptian army organization was still based on unpaid military service, incontrast to the mercenaries, and this was particularly evident among theNubians loyal to the Pharaoh and the state, as we will see later.

Representations of Nubians appear spread all over Egypt, but a largeseries of stelae from Gebelein, just south of Thebes, record their presenceas an organized community. They are generally represented in simple stylewith their bows and arrows in their hands, often accompanied by theirdogs. The Nubians were recruited into the Egyptian context, operating inand on behalf of Egypt, without however, losing their own character.

Regarding the Egyptian military organization, the manner in whichthese armies were organized and led, and their activities beyond thenatural frontiers of the home land, we will notice that it increased since theOld Kingdom to reach a climax during the Empire of the New Kingdom.We will also notice the role of the Nubians soldiers in the Egyptian armygrowing in importance based on the use to which the army was put.

In this paper I will give a tentative account of the Nubians soldierswithin the Egyptian army organization as recruited permanent elements,not mercenaries, and as they existed during the great historical phases of theOld Kingdom, Middle Kingdom and the New Kingdom war of liberation.

15"" INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2016


Nashat Alzohary(Associate Professor ofligyptology and Sudanology

‘‘ HG! -

4:. Department ofArchaeology- Faculty ofArts-

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THE BOOK or THE DEAD IN THE FUNERARYCHAPEL OF THE PYRAMID

NO. BEG. N. 7 IN THE CEMETERY OF BEGRAWIYAH

Ain Shams University)

The aim of this research is to analyse some of the chapters of the Bookof the Dead which are depicted on the Northern Wall of the funerarychapel of the pyramid no. Beg. N. 7 in the Cemetery of Begrawiyah.

These representations are divided into three registers, the first registerdepicts the 125th chapter of the spell for descending to the broad hallof the Two Truths (The Judgment). The second register depicts threechapters numbers 45th chapter of the spell for not rotting in the otherWorld, 59th chapter of the spell for having water from the sacred tree,and 47th chapter of the spell for not letting Deceased‘s seat be takenaway. The third register depicts two chapters numbers, 108th chapter ofthe spell for knowing the western souls, and 79th chapter of the spell forbecoming the greatest in the divine Council.

These chapters and their captions are carefully depicted, this meansthe right believing of the Kingdom of Kush concerning the AncientEgyptian religion and thought with simple details.

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26

Egypt and Sudan Opportunities for Future Collaboration

Essam Nagy(Fieldwork and Engagement Manager,

Egypt Exploration Society EES)

THE KUSHITES IN KARNAK,IN THE LIGHT OF RECENT DISCOVERIES

Over the past few years, a number of excavations in the area of thetemple of Karnak have been carried out and overseen by the SupremeCouncil of Antiquities under the auspices of the Ministry of Antiquitiesand the Franco Egyptian Centre. As part of these, ground—breaking newdiscoveries have been made regarding the rule of Kushite kings, sheddingnew light on hitherto unknown architectural activities during the 25thDynasty. Providing new insights into the Kushite reign and its history,changes in religious belief and culture on the whole, this paper aims atidentifying change and continuity between the end of the New Kingdomand the end of the Third Intermediate Period. It will also discuss newapproaches to the question of how the Kushites managed to establishtheir power in Upper Egypt.

1*‘ ll\_JTERNATlONA[.CONFERENCE

5

3 Afaf Wahba

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PICK-UP STICKS:THE COMMINGLED SKELETAL MATERIAL FROM TT. 110

The American Research Center Egypt (ARCE) Luxor excavations ofTheban Tomb 110 have been ongoing since early 2013 as part of the ARCEfield school initiative, with the ultimate goal of preparing the tomb for publicvisit. TT110 originally belonged to the official Djehuty, who was the royalcupbearer to two 18th dynasty kings, the female king Hatshepsut (1473-1458 BCE), and her step—son Tuthmosis III (1479-1425 BCE), In the late NewKingdom, the tomb and its forecourt was reused for additional burials, andthe reuse continued well into the Late Period, when numerous mummiesappear to have been deposited in the tomb on a continuous basis. Finally, inthe Coptic period, the tomb and its forecourt were used as a domicile, andthe existing human remains were collected from the upper levels of the tomband re-deposited in the burial shaft, which was subsequently covered over.

As a result of the extensive reuse of the tomb, the human remains fromTT110 are now completely commingled. The majority of the material consistsof isolated skeletal elements, though a substantial number of partial mummiesare also present. Traditionally, this type of material has often been overlookedby researchers in favor of more intact burial assemblages. However, given theproper attention, commingled skeletal materials such as that from TT110 canstill offer a wealth of information on the health and living conditions of theTheban population. Moreover, the strict stratigraphic control exercised duringthe excavation of the tomb offers the opportunity to investigate patternsof tomb reuse in the later stages of the history of the Theban necropolis. Todate, the osteological work undertaken on the TT110 material has focused onestablishing a minimum number of individuals, or MNI, analysis, as well asdocumentation of pathologies identified in the remains. In addition, we arecurrently developing a database specific to commingled remains to enablepopulation based studies of the material. This paper will provide an overviewof the preliminary results of the ongoing osteological analysis of the TT110material, as well as discuss avenues of future research.

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Egypt and Sudan

Sami Elamin(National Corporation for Antiquities 8'

Museums (NCAM) Sudan-Khartoum)

THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL MONUMENTS IN SUDAN

The paper will set the light on and present some examples of themonumental and archaeological sites in Sudan.

This will give also a brief historical background about the Sudaneseheritage; how and which the ancient Sudan was connected to the outsideworld (especially Egypt).

World heritage sites in Sudan will presented in the paper also.The monuments will be presented in the paper will cover the time

period between the second millennium. BC till the mid of the 15rd century.AD including:

- Kingdom of Kerma with its three phases- Kingdom of Napata- Kingdom of Merore

- Nubatia, Makoria and Alodia Christian Kingdoms

- The Islamic Kingdom of Fong

30 1“ INTERN ATIONAL CONFERENCE 2016


Islam Ahmed Ghareeb(Ministry ofAntiquities, Egypt)

LOCAL COMMUNITY INVOLVEMENTIN CULTURAL HERITAGE MANAGEMENT

HISTORIC CAIRO, A CASE STUDYThe sustainability of cultu ral heritage management of the resources is

strongly related to support from local community via participation. It isevident that active community involvement can improve local residents’quality of life based on better environment, social and economic

conditions. However, there is little research into the question of whetherthe involvement of local community in heritage management derivesfrom a genuine interest and desires to protect and conserve their localheritage assets. In the case of Historic Cairo, a truly local communitycollaborative approach is often limited due to the ways in which thecommunity in question is conceptualized and involved in the process.In other words, local community involvement is extremely rare becausethey have been neglected especially in the decision making process.This has created a negative relationship between local community andgovernment authorities in resource conservation.

The results of the research reveal that, despite the fact that the localcommunitieswish to be engaged and to participate in efforts to preserveheritage assets; the level of community involvement in cultural heritagemanagement in Historic Cairo is low due to operational and structurallimitations .These obstacles limit the opportunities of the local communityengagement in both management and tourism development in HistoricCairo Heritage Site. The current participatory approach in Historic Cairois highly controlled by the centralized government structure The resultsfrom this thesis suggest that the authorities should consider overcomingthe limitations now imposed on community participation in the decisionmaking process. The results also reveal that decision makers can beassured of the willingness of local communities to participate in heritageconservation efforts.

31

Egypt and Sudan

Iulie Anderson, Mahmoud Sulimanand Rihab Kh. elRasheed

(The British Museum, UK and the National

Corporation forAntiquities and Museums, Sudan)

THE BERBER-ABIDIYA ARCHAEOLOGICAL PROJECT, SUDAN:INVESTIGATING, CONSERVING

AND PROMOTING AN AMUN TEMPLE

The Berber-Abidiya Archaeological Project is a collaborative venturebetween the National Corporation for Antiquities and Museums(NCAM), Sudan and the British Museum co—directed by staff fromboth institutions. This successful partnership was initiated in 1997 andhas been supported by the British Museum since 2005. At the requestof the NCAM, the project has focused on excavating and conservingthe Amuntemple atDangeil (3rd c BC—4th c AD), a village locatedapproximately 350km north of Khartoum.Dangeil is well-preserved andhas provided a unique opportunity to examine the characteristics of aKushite temple complex and to gaingreater insight into the role of thetemple, ritual and offerings withinKushite society./xmong the mostnotable discoveries are the remainsof a disturbed statue cache whichcontained fragments of fiveKushiterulers of the 7th and 6th centuries BCincluding Taharqo, Senkamaniskenand Aspelta.Aside from excavationand research, the project containstraining and capacity buildingcomponents, and an extensiveprogramme of conservation andsite protection, and communityengagement has been initiated

I" I.'\lTERi\’ATlOi\'Al. CONFERENCE


Mourtadu Bishara(Sudan)

THE NAPTAN REGION

Since 2003 some of the archaeological sites of the Napatan region hasbeen inscribed in world heritage list(Unesco) under the title Gebel Barkaland the sites of Napatan region which is contain five archaeological siteswhich is Gebel Barkal E1_Kurru, Nuri, Sanam and El_Zuma.

Management plan has been planned by National corporation forAntiquities and Museums and experts from Unesco world heritagecenter with contributions of university of Dongola and stkeholders anddesign makers committee for managing the sites have been established

The Napatan region located about 400km to the north east ofKhartoum. it's one of the reaches region of Sudan

And hold the seat of the kingship throne of the second kingdomof Kush during the Napatan kingdom .the region almost covered theperiod from prehistory to Islamic .but the most dominated is related tothe Kushite kingdom. the Napatan region contains three royal cemeteriesdistributed in both banks of the river Nile in El-Kurru, Nuri and Barkal,the most ancient one is El-Kurru which is contained the tombs of the kingsof 25th dynasty and their ancestors except Taharqo whose establishedthe cemetery of Nuri which it's contained the pyramids of the NapatanKings and queens. while Barkal cemetery contains pyramids of somekings and queen and royal family of Napatan and Meroitic kingdom.

Two main capitals known as Napata in the Egyptian text weredistributed also in both banks. Gebel Barkal the religious center ofAmoun clut and the administrative town of Sanam which is contain thelargest known non royal cemetery of Mapatan period.

Although El-Zuma was dated to the post Meroitic period it was oneof the important site which its explain the way of life after decline ofMeroe. It's contain a cemetery of huge mound Graves of unique types.

Although five sites were listed in world heritage sites the Napatanregion contain many of recent discovered centers of Napatan kingdom.like Usli and Hugair.

34

Egypt and Sudan

Yaser Mahmoud Hussein(Field school '5 director,

Ministry of/lntiquities Egypt)

THE MINISTRY OF ANTIQUITIES ARCHAEOLOGICAL FIELDSCHOOLS AND CONTINUING RESEARCH

IN UPPER EGYPTSince 2014 the Ministry of Antiquities running a series of Egyptian

archaeological field schools. This field schools are designed to provide theyoung inspectors with an introduction to archaeological excavation andthe most modern, appropriate and efficient methods in excavation andarchaeological site recording.

During the field school Four Egyptian Experienced Supervisors -graduatedforAERAarchaeological field schools— oversee four teams ofsix or seven younginspectors with the help of four assistant supervisors. The archaeologicalsystem they used in the filed schools is "Single Context Planning" which is thefield manual the AERA team has developed over seven field schools between2005 and 2011 based on MOLAS filed manual. This manual serve as a teachingguide for the successful field school run by the MA. Usually the duration of thefiled school is two months. In the first four weeks they teach basic componentsof the core syllabus which contain site assessment, site survey and mapping,stratigraphic excavation, recording archaeological deposits with drawing andphotography. Upon completion of this filed school inspectors will be able todo the following, Employ a range of commonly used mediums to documentthe Archaeological record including photography, illustration, narrativewriting, and form-based documentation, Choose hand tools that effectivelyand efficiently address different scenarios in the excavation of shovel probes,excavation units, and features Demonstrate the appropriate use of a varietyof mapping tools, including tape and compass, manual transit, and totalstation Employ hand tools for excavation in the appropriate fashion to insurethe careful removal of archaeological materials Identify special cases in thearchaeological record that require an expertise in the excavation, curation, orsampling of a particular deposit or material.

15"" INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2016


Séverine Marchi(CNRS/LIMR 8167 - Orient et Méditerrariée)

THE NUBIAN AND EGYPTIAN TOWN OF DUKKI GEL:RECENT DISCOVERIES IN NORTHERN SUDAN

Since the first archaeological investigations on the site of Dukki Gelin 1994, our knowledge of the Nubian and Egyptian architecture as wellas the urban planning set up in this area is significantly enriched. Therecent excavations led in the ceremonial city, located north of the capitalKerma, allowed to bring to light exceptional mud bricks buildingscontemporary to the Kerma period but also to reveal the originality ofEgyptian architecture which, at the borders of the territory, was widelyinfluenced by the local techniques.

The discoveries carried out during the last season, with help of ageomagnetic survey in areas situated out of the current excavationzone, showed the site scope, the originality of its vestiges and of thearchitectural techniques used, as well for period Kerma as for the phasesof the Egyptian occupation.

The towns of Dukki Gel and Kerma are key sites for the understandingof the ancient history of Sudan. Their remains, and particularly theimpressive military systems components, attest the confrontationalnature of the relationships between the African Kingdom of Kerma andits powerful northern neighbor.

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Egypt and Sudan

Neal Spencer(Keeper of/Incient Egypt and Sudan,

British Museum)

"AMARA WEST: LIVED EXPERIENCE, CULTURALENTANGLEMENT AND COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT

THROUGH FIELDWORK AT A RAMESSIDE TOWNIN UPPER NUBIA"

Amara West, l70km upstream of Wadi Halfa, was founded as a newadministrative centre for the pharaonic oversight of Upper Nubia (Kush)in the reign of Seti l. A British Museum research project, instigated in 2008,has been investigating ancient lived experience through the excavation oftwo housing neighbourhoods, alongside two burial grounds, underpinnedby bioarchaeological and archaeometrical analyses. These research strandshave revealed new insights into the entanglement of Egyptian and Nubianculture, how the nature of the town changed across two centuries, andled us to question whether the retreat of pharaonic Egypt from UpperNubia led to the town's abandonment. A programme of communityengagement - using English, Arabic and Nubian languages — seeks toensure knowledge exchange between archaeologists and inhabitants oflocal towns and villages, and that the results of our research do not onlybenefit academic audiences.

I.“ INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 20 l (3


Elham Salah El-Din(Head ofMuseums Sector

The Ministry ofAntiquities, Egypt)

DEFINITION OF THE ROLE OF MUSEUMEDUCATION AND COMMUNICATION

Museums as educational institutions are based on promoting theaudiences’ capability to learn through museum's collections. Commonly, therole of museums’ education is defined as the core to museums’ service to thepublic. Educational programs should be designed carefully and organizedfollowing specific messages. The aim of the article is to test and define theroles of museums in educational and communication matters with newmethods as a matter of the changing roles and goals of museums through thelast decades.

Museums role of education started during the Second World War, whereschools closed and museums acted as schools. Then, in the twentieth centurymuseums’ specialists evoked that museums should be used for formal andinformal education. As for the informal museums’ education, it is to set someprograms depended on criteria ofcommunities: ages, social, educational levels,interests and museums messages. As for the formal museums’ education, thereare many questions to be answered. What does it mean? Will the museumoffer special places "classes" or curriculum? Alternatively, will the museum bethe practicing place for school's curriculum? Will schools organize their visitswith the museums? Does the formal role is easy to be applied by museums.The answers of those questions may not clear within the roles of museums.Museums need to work on their collections and their services and facilitiesto achieve those roles. Using their collections, museums should educatecommunities their history, art, societies’ beliefs and traditions to ensurethe connections and pertinence to their culture. As for Museums i_n Egypt,they are wide varied; now there are many educational departments that arefounded in every Museum aiming to educate, engage and inspire the public.If the museum's role relies on communication with their societies, it will needa medium, and the medium is these educational departments that engage themuseums and their visitors, collections and activities to understandably andclear communicate and interpret where most of the Egyptian Museums withthe help of these department act as a communication system.

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Egypt and Sudan

Solveig Lawrenz(German Archaeological Institute DAI)

THE ARCHIVE OF FRIEDRICH W. HINKEL:DIGITAL SOLUTIONS FOR ANALOGUE RESEARCH DATA

The archive of Friedrich W. Hinkel currently held at the GermanArchaeological Institute (DAI) in Berlin is one of the largest privately collectedresearch archives focusing on the antiquities of the Sudan. Collected duringHinkel's over 40 years of work in the Sudan both as a member of archaeologicalmissions of the former German Democratic Republic and as the official architectof the Sudanese Antiquities Service, the archive contains thousands of photos,slides maps and drawing of archaeological sites all across the Sudan. Since2014 the DA] has made considerable efforts to digitize the archive in order tomake this treasure trove of research material accessible for the internationalresearch community via the systems of the iDAI.world. Funded by the QatarSudan Archaeological Projects (2014-2016) and the German Foreign ministry,the project is also cooperating with NCAM in assessing how the data fromthe Hinkel—Archive could be used to create a digital antiquities registry for theSudan.

1*" INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE

2016


Shadia Abdrabo(Senior curator National corporations

for antiquates Grmuseum, Sudan)

MUSEUMS IN SUDAN PAST, PRESENT AND FUTURE

Museums are the nation's memory, which tells of the achievements ofthe peoples and their struggle as well as reflecting cultural characteristicsand components across cultural eras and generations. They are also afacade of civilized cities and states by exposing visitors to knowledge,culture and tourism. Sudan become concerned with museums in latenineteenth century and early the twentieth .It is considered an openmuseum through natural diverse environment , ethnicity and hugebiological ethnic differences reflected by languages , material heritage,and remnants of ancient cultures. Thus, there was growing concern toestablish a string of museums, particularly Archaeological museums.After the Nubian antiquities salvation campaign during establishmentof the High Dam in Aswan, there were a dense of archaeological remains,consequently, Sudan National Museum was established and manyfollowed. There are proposal to build new museums in different statesofSudan.

This paper is a trial to shed light on museums in Sudan sinceestablishment of first museum up to now, by focusing on the establishedones and these being built and the proposed in the future.

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Egypt and Sudan

Hisham Elleithy(General Director

Center of Studies and Documentationof Egyptian Antiquities (CEDAE)

8* Scientifi cPublication Department,Ministry of/lntiquities, Egypt)

THE CENTER FOR STUDIES AND DOCUMENTATIONON ANCIENT EGYPT (CEDAE)PAST, PRESENT AND FUTURE

The Center for Studies and Documentation on Ancient Egypt (CEDAE)was established in Egypt in 1956 during the International Campaignto Save the Monuments of Nubia in order to meet the urgent need forsystematic recording of threatened archaeological sites, including AbuSimbel, Cerf Hussein, and Wadi es-Sebua. Today, after sixty years, its

activities have extended to the whole of Egypt. The Egyptian scientificand technical members of CEDAE, cooperating with a French team fromCNRS, documented the Ramesside tombs in the Valley of the Queens.It has also documented a number of tombs in the Theban necropolisand at Deir el—Medina, and the Ramesseum, and recorded graffiti from

the Theban mountains, resulting in numerous scientific publications aswell as pamphlets for the general public. CEDAE has also worked inAswan, Assiut, Sohag, Minya, and Alexandria. Current projects includethe documentation of TT 123 (Amenemhat) and TT 368 (Amunhotep

called Huy). Older manuscripts (such as the documentation of TT 57

[Khaemhat]) are also being prepared for publication in the near future.CEDAE has obtained archives of pioneers who led archaeological workin Egypt and of those who directed the antiquities service in 18905, whichit will preserve from now on. CEDAE is creating a public online databaseof all the documented tombs and temples, which will be maintained andmanaged by the Ministry of Antiquities of Egypt, and a new catalogue ofall the tombs in the Theban necropolis.

1*“ INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2016


Yasmin El Shazly(Ministry of/lntiquities, Egypt)

THE REGISTRARS OF THE EGYPTIAN MUSEUM, CAIRO:PIONEERS IN THE FIELD OF COLLECTIONS

MANAGEMENT IN EGYPT

The Registration, Collections Management and DocumentationDepartment (RCMDD) of the Egyptian Museum, Cairo started off as aproject, directed by Janice Kamrin, under the American Research Centerin Egypt, and became an official department in 2007. This paper willdiscuss the history of the RCMDD, its role in retrieving objects stolenfrom the Egyptian Museum in 2011, the role of the registrars as trainersfor different museum professionals in Egypt and how the RCMDD isnow regarded as a model to be emulated by different museums aroundthe country.

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Egypt and Sudan

Ahmad al-Shaky(General supervisor of the Museum

oflslamic Art in Cairo)G3\\4I

THE MUSEUM OF ISLAMIC ART IN CAIRORE-OPEN AND INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION

The Museum of Islamic Art, located in Bab al- Khalq in the heart ofHistoric Cairo, is considered to be the largest Islamic Art museum in the

world, as it houses close to a hundred thousand artifacts of various typescollected from India, China, Iran, all the way to the Arabian Peninsula, theLevant, Egypt, North Africa and Andalusia. This collection is characterizedby its breadth of coverage of all the branches of Islamic Art throughout theages, which makes it a beacon of Islamic Art and Civilization for all times.Unfortunately, on 24th January of 2014, the Museum was the victim of avicious terrorist attack which has targeted the Cairo Police Headquartersthat stands across the street from it. The Museum employees exertedheroic efforts in their attempts to save and rescue the artifacts; havingto hand pick them sometimes, piece by piece, from the debris left by theexplosion, and quickly confining them to safe storage spaces. after about2 years we will open the Museum again, My paper will be about how weface challenge and face this crisis, and the opportunity of the internationalcooperation.

1“ INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE

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