st marys

Question Exam Portal

DECLARATION

I hereby declare that, the project report entitled “QUESTION EXAM

PORTAL” In ROBOTUTOR is original and one has been carried out by me as a

student of B-TECH. in, ST.MARY’S COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND

TECHONOLOGY, and submitted for partial fulfillment of the requirement for the

award of degree of “B-TECH” for the academic year 2007 – 2011. .

Date:

Place: SIGNATURE OF THE HOD

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DECLARATION

I hereby declare that, the project report entitled “QUESTION EXAM

PORTAL” In ROBOTUTOR is original and one has been carried out by me as a

student of B-TECH. in, ST.MARY’S COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND

TECHONOLOGY, and submitted for partial fulfillment of the requirement for the

award of degree of “B-TECH” for the academic year 2007 – 2011. .

Date:

Place: SIGNATURE OF THE STUDENT

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1. INTRODUCTION

1.1. PURPOSE:

The challenge of automatically generating questions from reading materials for

educational practice and assessment. Our approach is to over generate questions. We use

manually written rules to perform a sequence of general purpose syntactic

transformations (e.g., subject-auxiliary inversion) to turn declarative sentences into

questions. The top-ranked questions could be filtered and revised by educators, or given

directly to students for practice. Here we restrict our investigation to questions about

factual information in texts.

The purpose of dynamic question generator is to take online test in an

efficient manner and no time wasting for checking the paper. The main objective of

Question generator is to efficiently evaluate the candidate thoroughly through a fully

automated system that not only saves lot of time but also gives fast results.

Question Generation (QG) is the task of generating reasonable questions from a

text. It is a relatively new research topic and has its potential usage in intelligent tutoring

systems and closed-domain question answering systems. Current approaches include

template or syntax based methods.

Generally speaking, a QG system can be helpful to the following areas:

• Intelligent tutoring systems. qg can ask learners questions based on learning materials in

order to check their accomplishment or help them focus on the keystones in study. Qg

can also help tutors to prepare questions intended for learners or prepare for potential

questions from learners.

• Closed-domain Question Answering (QA) systems. Some closed-domain qa systems

use pre-defined (sometimes hand-written) question-answer pairs to provide qa services.

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By employing a qg approach such systems could expand to other domains with a small

effort.

• Natural language summarization/generation systems. qg can help to generate, for

instance, Frequently Asked Questions from the provided information source in order to

provide a list of faq candidates.

1.2. Scope:

Scope of this project is very broad in terms of other manually taking exams.

Few of them are:-

This can be used in educational institutions as well as in corporate world.

Can be used anywhere any time as it is a web based application (user location

doesn’t matter).

No restriction that examiner has to be present when the candidate takes the test

1.3. Module:

The dynamic question generator portal creating for taking online test has the following

stages:

Registration

Login

Generate Test

Reports

Registration:

For writing the test, the user has to register in the site with their valid information.

After the registration, the user can login into the site and can access the test.

Login:

There is a quality login window because this is more secure than other login

forms as in a normal login window there are multiple logins available so that more than

one person can access to test with there individual login. But in this project there is only

one login id i.e. administrator id and password by which a person enter the site. Hence it

is more secure and reliable than previously used on-line test examination.

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Generate Test:

Test page is the most creative and important page in this project. It consists of 2 modules

namely:

Curriculum selection

Utilities

Curriculum selection:-

From the given choices the candidate can select his field (like AIEEE, CBSE, ISC and

CPT Etc) for taking on with the test.

Utilities:-

It includes:-

Skip and come back to the question afterwards if needed.

Gives the list of attempted and unattempted questions and can go to any question

directly and can either attempt or change the answer of the already attempted

question.

1.4. Environment:

1.4.1. OPERATING SYSTEMS

An operating system (OS) is software, consisting of programs and data,

that runs on computers and manages computer hardware resources and provide common

services for efficient execution of various application software.

For hardware functions such as input and output and memory

allocation, the operating system acts as an intermediary between application programs

and the computer hardware, although the application code is usually executed directly

by the hardware and will frequently call the OS or be interrupted by it. Operating

systems are found on almost any device that contains a computer from cellular

phones and video game consoles to supercomputers and web servers.

Examples: Some of popular modern operating systems for personal computers are

Linux/GNU, Mac OS X, and Microsoft Windows.

WINDOWS OPERATING SYSTEMS

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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Windows

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mac_OS_X

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU/Linux

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_servers

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supercomputers

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Video_game_console

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cellular_phone

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cellular_phone

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynamic_memory_allocation

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynamic_memory_allocation

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Application_software

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_program

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software


Microsoft has taken two separate approaches with the Windows operating

system: one is suited for home users while the other is intended for the IT professional.

The dual approach has resulted in home editions having more functionality in the way of

multimedia support. However, Microsoft home-based operating systems tend to have less

functionality in regard to security and networking. The professional versions for the

server environment are limited in multimedia features but offer enhanced networking

capability and security.

WINDOWS NT:

The Windows NT operating system was released in July of 1993. This

version was based on a new kernel and it was considered to be the first designed for a

professional platform. NT was later upgraded to function as a home user operating

system with the release of Windows XP.

WINDOWS 95:

In August of 1995, Windows 95 was released. This operating system

offered a consumer solution with significant changes to the user interface that also

utilized preemptive multitasking. Windows 95 was introduced to replace version 3.1 and

Windows for Workgroups as well as MS-DOS. The first Microsoft operating system to

use the plug and play system, Windows 95 revolutionized the desktop platform and

achieved mass popularity.

WINDOWS 98:

Next up was Windows 98, released in June of 1998. This operating system

was criticized for being slower and less reliable than version 95. Many of those issues

were addressed a year later with the unveiling of Windows 98 Second Edition

Microsoft continued their line of professional operating systems with

Windows 2000 in February of 2000. The consumer version was released as Windows ME

in September of that year. ME integrated several new technologies, most notably the

Universal Plug and Play.

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WINDOWS XP:

Windows XP was released in October 2001. This version was based on the

NT kernel and managed to retain the extreme functionality of its home-based

predecessors. XP was widely embraced by the public and came in two different editions:

Home and Professional. The Home Edition provided exceptionable multimedia support

while the Professional edition offered excellent security and networking capabilities. XP

has since been succeeded by Vista but support will continue through April of 2009.

The Microsoft operating system received a tremendous upgrade with

Windows Vista on January 30, 2007. This version includes several new features with an

emphasis on security. Vista offers an improved shell design and user interface along with

numerous technical modifications. Despite its functionality, Windows Vista has received

criticism.

WINDOWS-7:

Windows 7: shown here, is the newest release of Windows.

Microsoft Windows is a family of proprietary operating systems most

commonly used on personal computers. It is the most common family of operating

systems for the personal computer, with about 90% of the market share. Currently, the

most widely used version of the Windows family is Windows XP, released on October

25, 2001. The newest version is Windows 7 for personal computers and Windows Server

2008 R2 for servers.

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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Server_2008_R2

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Server_2008_R2

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_7

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_XP

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proprietary_software

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Windows

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_7

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Windows_7.png


Microsoft Windows originated in 1981 as an add-on to the older MS-

DOS operating system for the IBM PC. First publicly released in 1985, Windows came to

dominate the business world of personal computers, and went on to set a number of

industry standards and commonplace applications. Beginning with Windows XP, all

modern versions are based on the Windows NT kernel.

1.4.2. KERNEL:

The kernel is a program that constitutes the central core of a

computer operating system. It has complete control over everything that occurs in the

system. A kernel can be contrasted with a shell (such as bash, csh or ksh in Unix-

like operating systems), which is the outermost part of an operating system and a

program that interacts with user commands.

The kernel itself does not interact directly with the user, but rather

interacts with the shell and other programs as well as with the hardware devices on the

system, including the processor i.e., memory and disk drives. The kernel is the first part

of the operating system to load into memory during booting (i.e., system startup), and it

remains there for the entire duration of the computer session because its services are

required continuously.

Thus it is important for it to be as small as possible while still providing

all the essential services needed by the other parts of the operating system and by the

various application programs. The firmware and device drivers, the operating system

provides the most basic level of control over all of the computer's hardware devices. It

manages memory access for programs in the RAM, it determines which programs get

access to which hardware resources, it sets up or resets the CPU's operating states for

optimal operation at all times, and it organizes the data for long-term non-volatile

storage with file systems on such media as disks, tapes, flash memory, etc.

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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File_systems

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-volatile_storage

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-volatile_storage

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RAM

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Device_drivers

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firmware

http://www.linfo.org/memory.html

http://www.linfo.org/command.html

http://www.linfo.org/unix-like.html

http://www.linfo.org/unix-like.html

http://www.linfo.org/shell.html

http://www.linfo.org/operating_systems_list.html

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_NT

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_XP

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM_PC

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MS-DOS

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MS-DOS


Fig: KERNEL

2. SYSTEM ANALYSIS

2.1 Existing System:

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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Kernel_Layout.svg


The whole process of assigning test and evaluating their scores after the test, was

done manually till date. Processing the test paper i.e. checking and distributing respective

scores used to take time when the software was not installed.

2.1.1. Drawbacks:

The current system is very time consuming.

It is very difficult to analyze the exam manually.

To take exam of more candidates more invigilators are required but no need of

Invigilator in case of on line exam.

Results are not precise as calculation and evaluations are done manually.

The chances of paper leakage are more in current system as compared to proposed

system.

Result processing takes more time as it is done manually

2.2. Proposed System:

The dynamic question generation portal created for taking online test has following

features:

In comparison to the present system the proposed system will be less time

consuming and is more efficient.

Analysis will be very easy in proposed system as it is automated

Result will be very precise and accurate and will be declared in very short span of

time because calculation and evaluations are done by the simulator itself.

The proposed system is very secure as no chances of leakage of question paper as

it is dependent on the administrator only.

The logs of appeared candidates and their marks are stored and can be backup for

future use.

2.3 Architecture Analysis:

2.3.1. Hierarchical Model:

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2.3.2. Model View Controller:

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ReportCurriculum

Dynamic Question Generator Portal

No. of attempted

No. of Unattempted

Test Description

Graph Status

Question Status

Select Category

Select sub-category

Select subject

Generate test

Select chapter

Test

Different Levels

No. of Marks

Marks for each question

Time counter

Negative Marking

Loading the Paper

Start test


2.4. Database Analysis:

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Database design is an important place in designing a system. During this phase care

should be taken to avoid redundancy of information storing into a database, since it leads

to wastage of memory space.

2.4.1. Normalization Techniques:

Normalization is a process of simplifying the relationship between data elements

in a record. Through normalization a collection of data in a records structure is replaced

by successive record structures that are simpler and more predictable and therefore more

manageable.

First Normal Form

A relation is said to be in first normal form if the values in the relation are atomic

for every attribute in the relation .By this we mean simply that no attribute value can be a

set of values or as it sometimes expressed, a repeating group.

Second Normal Form

A relation is said to be in second normal form if it is in first normal form and it should

satisfy any one of the following rules.

Primary key is a not a composite primary key

No non-key attribute is fully functionally dependent on full set of primary key

Third Normal Form

A relation is said to be in third normal form if it is in second normal form and if their

exits no transitive dependencies

Transitive Dependency

If two non-key attributes depends on each other as well as on the primary key then they

are said to be transitively dependent. the above normalization principles where applied to

decompose the data in multiple tables there by making the data to be maintained in a

consistent state.

2.4.2. Logical Database Design

Table Definitions:

1. Manage Users:

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Table Name: manage user.

Description: This table stores the username and password of the user

Field name Data type Size

User_id integer 12

User_name varchar 25

Password varchar 20

User email id text

User phone number integer 12

User address text

2. Manage Schools:

Table Name: manage school

Description: This table stores the school name, school location, email id of the user

Field Name Data Type Size

School_id int 10

School_Name text 20

School_location text 20

Curriculum_id int 10

3. Manage curriculum:

Table Name: manage curriculum

Description: This table stores the curriculum name and Curriculum University of

the user

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Curriculum_Name text 20

Curriculum_university text 20

school_id int 10

4. Manage class:

Table Name: manage class

Description: This table stores the class name and curriculum id of the user


Class_id int 10

Class_Name text 20


5. Manage subjects:

Table Name: manage subjects

Description: This table stores the subject name, subject code, class id and

curriculum id of the user


Subject_id int 10

Subject_Name text 20

Subject_code text 20

Class_id int 10


6. Manage chapters:

Table Name: manage chapters

Description: This table stores the Chapter name, Curriculamid, Subject name of the user


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Chapter. No int 10

Chapter_Name text 20


Subject_name text

7. Manage questions:

Table Name: manage questions

Description: This table stores the No. of questions, No.of sets, set id of the user


Queston_id int 10

No. of questions int 10

No. of sets int 10

Set_id int 10

8. Manage options:

Table Name: manage options

Description: This table stores the Option id, No.of options and Set id of the user.


Option_id int 10

No. of options text

Set_id int 10

9. Manage reports:

Table Name: manage reports

Description: This table stores the Report id, Grades, Percentage, Remarks, and Status of

the user


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Report_id int 10

grades text

percentage int 10

remarks text

status text

3. FEASABILITY REPORT

3.1. ECONOMIC FEASIBILITY

Economic analysis is most frequently used for evaluation of the effectiveness of

the system. More commonly knows as cost/benefit analysis the procedure is to determine

the benefit and saving that are expected from a system and compare them with costs,

decisions is made to design and implement the system.

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This part of feasibility study gives the top management the economic justification

for the new system. This is an important input to the management the management,

because very often the top management does not like to get confounded by the various

technicalities that bound to be associated with a project of this kind. A simple economic

analysis that gives the actual comparison of costs and benefits is much more meaningful

in such cases.

In the system, the organization is most satisfied by economic feasibility. Because,

if the organization implements this system, it need not require any additional hardware

resources as well as it will be saving lot of time.

3.2. TECHNICAL FEASIBILITY

Technical feasibility centers on the existing manual system of the test

management process and to what extent it can support the system. According to

feasibility analysis procedure the technical feasibility of the system is analyzed and the

technical requirements such as software facilities, procedure, inputs are identified. It is

also one of the important phases of the system development activities.

The system offers greater levels of user friendliness combined with greater

Processing speed. Therefore, the cost of maintenance can be reduced. Since, processing

speed is very high and the work is reduced in the maintenance point of view management

convince that the project is operationally feasible.

4. SYSTEM CONFIGURATON

The selection of hardware is very important in the existence and proper working

of any software. When selecting hardware, the size and requirements are also important.

4.1. Software Requirements:

Operating system : Windows XP or any latest version of windows

Web Browser : Mozilla Firefox or any browser

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Front- End : PHP

Back- End : MS SQL SERVER 2008 EXPRESS

Project will be done in PHP as front end and MySQL as back end.

4.2. Hardware Requirements:

Processor : INTEL Pentium 4

RAM : 512MB

Hard Disk Drive : 40GB

5. SELECTED SOFTWARE DETAILS

5.1. PHP:

Since the Internet is packed with millions of acronyms, PHP is another

one! PHP stands for PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor. Yes, the acronym is recursive and for

the purposes of this class, we will just call it “PHP.”

PHP is a server-side scripting language and is very similar to C, Java, and

Perl. PHP allows the Programmer to dynamically generate content, instead of statically

like regular ‘ol’ HTML. This tutorial will cover uses of PHP from simple data processing

of forms to parsing a page for relevant information.

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PHP Hosts:

Free webhosting services with PHP exist, but a function like sending e-mail

is probably disabled. Stanford (fortunately) provides limited PHP support sufficient

enough for the scope of this course

Introduction to PHP: WHY PHP?

Currently the main alternatives to PHP are

• ASP Active Server Pages

• JSP Java Server Pages

• CFML Cold Fusion Markup Language

ASP is proprietary belonging to Microsoft and requires MS server in order

to run. ASP allows you to combine HTML, Vbscript, JavaScript and reusable Active X

components to create dynamic web pages. ASP is costly to implement due to the reliance

on MS products. It is slower to execute than PHP, ASP has a steeper learning curve

especially for first time web developers. ASP can run on a Linux server using Apache

and “Chill soft ASP” but is generally limited to Windows 2000 servers.

JSP has both commercial and open source versions. JSP is not very

popular with Internet service providers and they usually charge an additional fee for this

service. JSP is more difficult to learn, however the syntax is similar to PHP & JavaScript.

There are different versions of JSP that vary in speed, stability and quality.

ColdFusion MX is a proprietary technology belonging to Macromedia. It

is tag based like HTML so it is easy to learn. Because it is similar to HTML it can

sometimes be difficult to identify server side code from client side code.

PHP is free, nonproprietary and more than 6 million web sites use PHP. It

is the second most popular scripting language and its use is growing faster than any other

scripting language. Based on search engine popularity PHP’s growth per year is 4694%

compared to ASP growth of 278%.

PHP is available on approx 40% of all Apache Servers. PHP is suited to

development of ecommerce sites and a wide range of database connectivity. PHP runs on

UNIX, Windows and Mac platforms. PHP can also be used to create shockwave, PDF

files and parse XML. PHP was developed so it could be to inserted directly into HTML

documents.

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Embedding PHP into HTML includes:

1) Quicker response time

2) Improved security

3) Transparency to the end user

PHP language syntax is borrowed from C with elements of Perl, C++ and Java.

PHP is also integrates easily with MySQL which is a free non-proprietary

database. MySQL can be used to create large powerful databases and because it is

free is often favored by non-profit organizations.

Introduction to PHP4:

PHP is a server side HTML embedded scripting language that allows you to

make web sites dynamic, connect to databases, process forms and adds many other

features to your web site.

Before you create web pages with PHP you need to the following items:

1) Install a server on your computer e.g. Microsoft IIs, Apache or Omnipro

2) Download, install and configure PHP (it’s free)

3) You will require an Internet account that supports PHP

4) If you plan to work with MySQL you ISP will need to offer this feature (MySQL is

free, but MySQL hosting usually is not) – you can test your database locally

Since MS IIs server comes with Windows OS, we will be using this server, you can use

any server but each server requires its own setup and configuration. Also if you put more

than one server on your computer make sure they are not running simultaneously. On a

good day server installation and PHP installation takes about 15 minutes. On a bad day it

can take quite a bit longer.

Steps:

1) Install MS IIs as directed – find the folder Inetpub\wwwroot and place a simple html

file into the folder with a message for testing. Make sure its on. Control

panel>Administrative tools>Personal web server. You may wish to make a shortcut to the

file on your desktop.

<Html>

<Head>

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<Title>Test</title>

<Body>

<Center><h1>your server is working</h1></center>

</body>

</html>

Save the file in the folder Inetpub/wwwroot and name it test.html

Open your browser and load the file by typing in:

http://localhost/test.html

c:\Inetpub\wwwroot\test.html

http:// 192.168.1.103/test.html

2) Go to www.php.net>downloads>find or the latest version of PHP and download PHP

4.3.4 installer [1,043Kb] (CGI only, MySQL support built-in, packaged as Windows

installer to install and configure PHP, and automatically configure IIS, PWS and Xitami,

with manual configuration for other servers. N.B. no external extensions included) you

should turn the IIs server off before installing, and then turn back on after you installed

PHP.

3) Test whether or not PHP is working creates a small file and save it inside the www

root folder inside Inetpub.

Use Note page create the PHP test file

<? Php

Phpinfo ();

?>

Save as test.php or phpinfo.php then using your browser: type in the

URLhttp://localhost/php.info ();

If PHP is working you will see a screen with PHP version 4.3 and all of its

features – if you don’t, check that the server is on, uninstall and install PHP again.

4) Finally you need to configure the php.ini file stored in your c:\WINNT folder go to

this folder and select show all files>view as a list (not your WINNT folder may be on a

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drive other than C :\). Double click on the php.ini file or load the file into notepad. This

file configures php and its settings. You should read it at least once to know what is in

there but to start you need to modify 3 settings on your computer. Use Notepad find

feature to locate these lines of code.

a) Cgi.force_redirect=0; (set to 0 i.e. false is required to work on IIs)

b) Error reporting = E_ALL change to

Error reporting = E_ALL &~ (E_NOTICE | E_USER_NOTICE);

If you don’t do this when you create forms you will get undefined variable errors

c) Register_globals = On

(or = 1) you will read this is a security risk, which is true if you used your

machine for a server on the Internet but if you are only using if for testing don’t worry.

You need to do this so you don’t get undefined variables with forms).

We will download, install and configure MySQL at a later time.

Another possible problem that could arise on some machines is that you

must turn the file permission for www.root file on. Right click on the folder>properties>

make sure the file sharing is turned on.

On some machines at SAIT the IIS files are on the machine inside I386

folder. Also make sure if Apache is on the machine it is turned off.

The following are some advantages of using someone else’s Web environment:

It’s easier than setting up your own: You just copy your Web pages onto the

other party’s computer, and that’s it. You don’t need to install any software or

hardware or resolve any computer problems. Someone else handles that for you.

Less technical skill is required: You need to understand only Web languages,

such as HTML and PHP. You don’t need to know about Internet connections,

Web servers, computer administration, and other technical things. Some people

are very interested in these things, but some are not.

The advantages of running your own Web environment are as follows:

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Control: You get to make all the decisions. You can set up the Web environment

the way that works best for you.

Access: You can access the computer whenever you want to work on your Web

site.

Stability: You know the Web site will be there as long as you need it. You won’t

wake up one morning to discover that your Web hosting company has gone out of

business and you have two days to move your site.

Security: Because you control the Web environment, you are the only person

who needs to access the computer. You can keep it under lock and key. When you

use a Web hosting company, other people have access to the computer, and one of

them may be a bad guy who’s after your secrets.

PHP has many features designed specifically for use in Web sites, including the

following:

Interact with HTML forms: PHP can display an HTML form and process the

information that the user types in.

Communicate with databases: PHP can interact with databases to store

information from the user or retrieve information that is displayed to the user.

Generate secure Web pages: PHP allows the developer to create secure Web

pages that require users to enter a valid username and password before seeing the

Web page content.

PHP features make these and many other Web page tasks easy. PHP is only

server-side, meaning it can’t interact directly with the user’s computer. That means PHP

can’t initiate actions based on the status of the user’s computer, such as mouse actions or

screen size. Therefore, PHP alone can’t produce some popular effects, such as navigation

menus that drop down or change color. On the other hand, JavaScript, a client-side

scripting language, can’t access the server, limiting its possibilities. For example, you

can’t use JavaScript to store data on the server or retrieve data from the server. But wait!

You don’t have to choose. You can use JavaScript and PHP together to produce Web

pages that neither can produce alone. See Chapter 11 for details on using JavaScript and

PHP together.

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5.2. HTML:

HTML, which stands for Hypertext Markup Language, is the predominant

markup language for web pages. HTML is the basic building-blocks of webpage.

HTML is written in the form of HTML elements consisting of tags,

enclosed in angle brackets (like <html>), within the web page content. HTML tags

normally come in pairs like <h1> and </h1>. The first tag in a pair is the start tag, the

second tag is the end tag (they are also called opening tags and closing tags).

The purpose of a web browser is to read HTML documents and compose

them into visual or audible web pages. The browser does not display the HTML tags, but

uses the tags to interpret the content of the page.

HTML elements form the building blocks of all websites. HTML allows

images and objects to be embedded and can be used to create interactive forms. It

provides a means to create structured documents by denoting structural semantics for text

such as headings, paragraphs, lists, links, quotes and other items. It can embed scripts in

languages such as JavaScript which affect the behavior of HTML WebPages.

Web browsers can also refer to Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) to define the

appearance and layout of text and other material. The W3C, maintainer of both the

HTML and the CSS standards, encourages the use of CSS over explicitly presentational

HTML markup.

MARKUP:

HTML markup consists of several key components, including elements

(and their attributes), character-based data types, character references and entity

references. Another important component is the document type declaration, which

triggers standards mode rendering.

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The Hello world program, a common computer program employed for

comparing programming languages, scripting languages and markup languages is made

of 9 lines of code although in HTML newlines are optional:

Example:

<! doctype html>

<Html>

<Head>

<Title>Hello HTML</title>

</head>

<Body>

<p>Hello World! </p>

</body>

</html>

5.3. MYSQL:

MySQL is a relational database management system (RDBMS that runs as

a server providing multi-user access to a number of databases. MySQL is officially

pronounced ("My S-Q-L"), but is often also pronounced ("My Sequel"). It is named after

developer Michael Widenius daughter, my. The SQL phrase stands for Structured Query

Language.

The MySQL development project has made its source code available under

the terms of the GNU General Public License, as well as under a variety of proprietary

agreements. MySQL was owned and sponsored by a single for-profit firm, the Swedish

company MySQL AB, now owned by Oracle Corporation.

Free-software projects that require a full-featured database management

system often use MySQL. For commercial use, several paid editions are available, and

offer additional functionality. Some free software project examples: Joomla, Word Press,

MyBB, phpBB, Drupal and other software built on the LAMP software stack. MySQL is

-26-


also used in many high-profile, large-scale World Wide Web products, including

Wikipedia, Google (though not for searches) and Face book.

USE:

MySQL is a popular choice of database for use in web applications, and is

a central component of the widely used LAMP web application software stack—LAMP

is an acronym for "Linux, Apache, MySQL, and Perl/PHP/Python".

PLATFORMS AND INTERFACES:

MySQL is written in C and C++. Its SQL parser is written in yacc, and a

home-brewed lexical analyzer named sql_lex.cc.

MySQL works on many different system platforms, including AIX, BSDi,

FreeBSD, HP-UX, eComStation, i5/OS, IRIX, Linux, Mac OS X, Microsoft Windows,

NetBSD, Novell NetWare, OpenBSD, Open Solaris, OS/2 Warp, QNX, Solaris,

Symbian, SunOS, SCO Open Server, SCO UnixWare, Sanos and Tru64. A port of

MySQL to OpenVMS also exists.

Many programming languages with language-specific APIs include

libraries for accessing MySQL databases. These include MySQL Connector/Net for

integration with Microsoft's Visual Studio (languages such as C# and VB are most

commonly used) and the ODBC driver for Java. In addition, an ODBC interface called

MyODBC allows additional programming languages that support the ODBC interface to

communicate with a MySQL database, such as ASP or ColdFusion.

The HTSQL - URL based query method also ships with a MySQL adapter,

allowing direct interaction between a MySQL database and any web client via structured

URLs. The MySQL server and official libraries are mostly implemented in ANSI

C/ANSI C++.

-27-


Fig: MYSQL

DEPLOYMENT:

MySQL can be built and installed manually from source code, but this

can be tedious so it is more commonly installed from a binary package unless special

customizations are required. On most Linux distributions the package management

system can download and install MySQL with minimal effort, though further

configuration is often required to adjust security and optimization settings.

Though MySQL began as a low-end alternative to more powerful

proprietary databases, it has gradually evolved to support higher-scale needs as well. It is

still most commonly used in small to medium scale single-server deployments, either as a

component in a LAMP based web application or as a standalone database server. Much

of MySQL's appeal originates in its relative simplicity and ease of use, which is enabled

by an ecosystem of open source tools such as phpMyAdmin.

In the medium range, MySQL can be scaled by deploying it on more

powerful hardware, such as a multi-processor server with gigabytes of memory. There are

however limits to how far performance can scale on a single server, so on larger scales,

and multi-server MySQL deployments are required to provide improved performance and

reliability. A typical high-end configuration can include a powerful master database

which handles data write operations and is replicated to multiple slaves that handle all

read operations.

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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Mysqlwb-homepage.png


The master server synchronizes continually with its slaves so in the event of

failure a slave can be promoted to become the new master, minimizing downtime.

Further improvements in performance can be achieved by caching the results from

database queries in memory using memcached, or breaking down a database into smaller

chunks called shards which can be spread across a number of distributed server clusters.

COMMAND LINE:

MySQL ships with a suite of command-line tools for tasks such as querying

the database, backing up data, inspecting status, performing common tasks such as

creating a database, and many more. A variety of third-party command-line tools is also

available, including Maatkit, which is written in Perl.

FORKS OF MYSQL:

Drizzle – a fork targeted at the web-infrastructure and cloud computing markets.

The developers of the product describe it as a "smaller, slimmer and (hopefully)

faster version of MySQL". As such is planned to have many common MySQL

features stripped out, including stored procedures, query cache, prepared

statements, views, and triggers.

MariaDB – a community-developed branch of the MySQL database, the impetus

being the community maintenance of its free status under GPL as opposed to any

uncertainty of MySQL license status under its current ownership by Oracle. The

intent also being to maintain high fidelity with MySQL, ensuring a "drop-in"

replacement capability with library binary equivalency and exacting matching

with MySQL APIs and commands. It includes the XtraDB storage engine as a

replacement for InnoDB.

Percona Server – a fork that includes the XtraDB storage engine. It is an

enhanced version of MySQL that is fully compatible, and deviates as little as

possible from it, while still providing beneficial new features, better performance,

and improved instrumentation for analysis of performance and usage.

-29-


Our Delta– is best characterized as a source of binaries compiled with various

patches, including patches from MariaDB, Percona, and Google.

Solution Stack In computing, a solution stack is a set of software subsystems or

components needed to deliver a fully functional solution, e.g. a product or service.

5.4. DATABASE ENGINE

A database engine (or "storage engine") is the underlying software

component that a database management system (DBMS) uses to create, read, update and

delete (CRUD) data from a database. Most database management systems include their

own Application Programming Interface (API) that allows the user to interact with their

underlying engine without going through the user interface of the DBMS.

Many of the modern DBMS supports multiple database engines within the

same database. For example, MySQL supports InnoDB as well as MyISAM

Some database engines are transactional. Such as Follows

NAME FREE TRANSACTIONAL

Blitz DB GPL No

Falcon GPL Yes

Inno DB GPL Yes

Maria GPL No

MyISAM GPL No

Xtra DB GPL Yes

Fig: Database Engines

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INNO DB:

InnoDB is the default storage engine for MySQL as of MySQL 5.5. It

provides the standard ACID-compliant transaction features, along with foreign key

support (Declarative Referential Integrity). It is included as standard in most binaries

distributed by MySQL AB, the exception being some OEM versions.

InnoDB became a product of Oracle Corporation after their acquisition of

Innobase Oy in October 2005. The software is dual licensed; it is distributed under the

GNU General Public License, but can also be licensed to parties wishing to combine

InnoDB in proprietary software.

MYISAM:

MyISAM was the default storage engine for the MySQL relational

database management system versions prior to 5.5.It is based on the older ISAM code but

has many useful extensions. The major deficiency of MyISAM is the absence of

transactions support. Versions of MySQL 5.5 and greater have switched to the InnoDB

engine to ensure referential integrity constraints, and higher concurrency.

Each MyISAM table is stored on disk in three files. The files have names

that begin with the table name and have an extension to indicate the file type. MySQL

uses a .frm file to store the definition of the table, but this file is not a part of the

MyISAM engine, instead it is a part of the server. The data file has a .MYD (MYData)

extension. The index file has a .MYI (MY Index) extension.

ISAM:

ISAM stands for Indexed Sequential Access Method, a method for

indexing data for fast retrieval. ISAM was originally developed by IBM for mainframe

computers. Today the term is used for several related concepts:

Specifically, the IBM ISAM product and the algorithm it employs.

-31-


A database system where an application developer directly uses an Application

Programming Interface to search indexes in order to locate records in data files. In

contrast, a relational database uses a query optimizer which automatically selects

indexes.

An indexing algorithm that allows both sequential and keyed access to data. Most

databases now use some variation of the B-Tree for this purpose, although the

original IBM ISAM and VSAM implementations did not do so.

Most generally, any index for a database. Indexes are used by almost all

databases, both relational and otherwise.

-32-


6. SYSTEM DESIGN

6.1. UML Diagrams

The Unified Modeling Language (UML) is the industry-standard modeling

language used for specifying, visualizing, constructing and documenting the artifacts of a

software system. The UML is also effective for modeling business and other Non-

software systems.

One of the major goals of UML is to present a common modeling language that all

developers can use. It is a language whose vocabulary and rules focus on the conceptual

and physical representation of the system.

The UML uses Diagram to represent different views of the system being modeled.

The purpose of diagram is to present a set of modeled elements, which are rendered as

shapes and connectors.

Every complex system is best approached through a small set of nearly

independent views of a model; No single viewer is sufficient. Every model may be

expressed at different levels of fidelity. The best models are connected to reality.

The UML defines nine graphical diagrams:

1. Class Diagram

2. Object Diagram

3. Use-Case Diagram

4. Sequence Diagram

5. Collaboration Diagram

6. Statechart Diagram

7. Activity Diagram

8. Component Diagram

9. Deployment Diagram

-33-


6.1.1 Use case diagrams:

A use case is a description of a set of sequences of actions, including variants that a

system performs to yield an observable result of value to an actor.

A use case involves the interaction of actors and the system. An actor represents a

coherent set of roles that users of use case play when interacting with these use cases.

Actors can be human are they can be automated systems.

-34-


6.1.2. Class Diagram:

Class diagrams are the most common diagrams found in modeling object-oriented

systems. A class diagram shows a set of classes, interfaces, and collaborations and their

relationships.

We use class diagrams to model the static design view of a system. For the most

part, this involves modeling the vocabulary of the system, modeling collaborations, or

modeling schemas.

6.1.3. Object Diagram:

-35-


An Object diagram focuses on some particular set of object instances

and attributes, and the links between the instances. Here there are nine objects those are

admin, users, schools, curriculum, class, subjects, chapter, questions, options, reports.

6.1.5.Sequence Diagram:

An interaction diagram shows an interaction, consisting of a set of objects and

their relationships, including the messages that may be dispatched among them. A

-36-


sequence diagram is an interaction diagram that emphasizes the time ordering of

messages. Graphically, a sequence diagram is a table that shows objects arranged along

the X axis and messages, ordered in increasing time, along the Y axis.

6.1.5. Collaboration Diagram:

A collaboration diagram is an interaction diagram that emphasizes the

structural organization of the objects that send and receive messages. Graphically, a

collaboration diagram is a collection of vertices and arcs.

-37-


6.2. Control flow diagram:

A control flow diagram (CFD) is a diagram to describe the control flow of

a business process, process or program. A control flow diagram can consist of a

subdivision to show sequential steps, with if-then-else conditions, repetition, and/or case

conditions.

-38-


6.3. ER-diagram:

-39-


6.4 DATA FLOW DIAGRAMS

A data flow diagram is graphical tool used to describe and analyze

movement of data through a system. These are the central tool and the basis from which

the other components are developed. The transformation of data from input to output,

may be described logically and independently of physical components associated with the

system. These are known as the logical data flow diagrams.

The physical data flow diagrams show the actual implements and movement of

data between people, departments and workstations. A full description of a system

actually consists of a set of data flow diagrams. Using two familiar notations Yourdon,

-40-


Gane and Sarson notation develops the data flow diagrams. Each component in a DFD is

labeled with a descriptive name. Process is further identified with a number that will be

used for identification purpose.

The development of DFD’s is done in several levels. Each process in lower level

diagrams can be broken down into a more detailed DFD in the next level. The top-level

diagram is often called context diagram. It consists of a single process bit, which plays

vital role in studying the current system. The process in the context level diagram is

exploded into other process at the first level DFD.

The idea behind the explosion of a process into more process is that

understanding at one level of detail is exploded into greater detail at the next level.This is

done until further explosion is necessary and an adequate amount of detail is described

for analyst to understand the process.

Larry Constantine first developed the DFD as a way of expressing system

requirements in a graphical from, this lead to the modular design.

A DFD also known as a “bubble Chart” has the purpose of clarifying system

requirements and identifying major transformations that will become programs in system

design. So it is the starting point of the design to the lowest level of detail. A DFD

consists of a series of bubbles joined by data flows in the system.

6.4.1 Dfd Symbols:

In the DFD, there are four symbols

1. A square defines a source(originator) or destination of system data

2. An arrow identifies data flow. It is the pipeline through which the information flows.

3. A circle or a bubble represents a process that transforms incoming data flow into

outgoing data flows.

4. An open rectangle is a data store, data at rest or a temporary repository of data.

Process that transforms data flow.

-41-


Source or Destination of data

Data flow

Data Store

6.4.2 Constructing A DFD:

Several rules of thumb are used in drawing DFD’s:

1. Process should be named and numbered for an easy reference. Each name should be

representative of the process.

2. The direction of flow is from top to bottom and from left to right. Data traditionally

flow from source to the destination although they may flow back to the source.One

way to indicate this is to draw long flow line back to a source.An alternative way is to

repeat the source symbol as a destination.Since it is used more than once in the DFD

it is marked with a short diagonal.

3. When a process is exploded into lower level details,they are numbered.

4. The names of data stores and destinations are written in capital letters. Process and

dataflow names have the first letter of each work capitalized.

Salient Features Of Dfd’s

1. The DFD shows flow of data but no control loops and decisions are controlled but

considerations do not appear on a DFD.

2. The DFD does not indicate the time factor involved in any process whether the

dataflows take place daily,weekly, monthly or yearly.

3. The sequence of events is not brought out on the DFD.

6.4.3. TYPES OF DATA FLOW DIAGRAMS

1. Current Physical

-42-


2. Current Logical

3. New Logical

4. New Physical

CURRENT PHYSICAL:

In Current Physical DFD process label include the name of people or their

positions or the names of computer systems that might provide some of the overall

system-processing. Label includes an identification of the technology used to process the

data. Similarly data flows and data stores are often labels with the names of the actual

physical media on which data are stored such as file folders, computer files, business

forms or computer tapes.

CURRENT LOGICAL:

The physical aspects at the system are removed as much as possible so that the

current system is reduced to its essence to the data and the processors that transform them

regardless of actual physical form.

NEW LOGICAL:

This is exactly like a current logical model. If the user is completely happy with

the functionality of the current system but had problems with how it was implemented

typically through the new logical model, will differ from current logical model while

having additional functions, absolute function removal and inefficient flows recognized.

NEW PHYSICAL:

The new physical represents only the physical implementation of the new system.

Dataflow Diagrams:

Admin Login:

DataBase

Enter username

-43-

Admin Connect to home page

Homepage


and password

Admin-Add, Update, View Student Details:

Database

Admin-Delete Student:Database

Admin-Add, Update, View School Details:

-44-

Add Student Student Details Update student

Enter student information

View student information

Admin StudentDetails

Delete the Student from the Database


Database

Admin-Delete School

Database

Admin-Add, Update, View Curriculum Details:

Database

-45-

Add school School Details

Updateschool

Enter school information

View School information

Admin

SchoolDetails

Delete the School from the Database

Enter Curriculum information


Admin-Delete Curriculum:

Database

User Front End DFD:

Database

-46-

Student Login

Curriculum

Subjects

Chapters

XML

Add Curriculum

Curriculum Details

UpdateCurriculum

View curriculum information

Admin

Curriculum Details

Delete the curriculum from the Database


7. SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION AND SYSTEM TESTING

7.1 System Implementation:

7.1.1. Front End Code:

Registration.php:

<?php

session_start();include_once 'lib/db.php';$objSql1 = new SqlClass();$objSql = new SqlClass();if(!empty($_POST)){

$sq = "SELECT user_email FROM ise_users WHERE user_email = '".$_POST['txtuser_email']."'";

$recor = $objSql->executeSql($sq);$row13 = $objSql->fetchRow($recor);if(empty($row13['user_email'])){

if( $_SESSION['security_code'] == $_POST['security_code'] ){

$error = '0';$image_name="";

-47-

Generate Test


if($_FILES['pic']['name'] != ''){

$image=$_FILES['pic']['name'];$filename = stripslashes($_FILES['pic']['name']);$extension = getExtension($filename);$extension = strtolower($extension);$size=filesize($_FILES['pic']['tmp_name']);if (($extension != "jpg") && ($extension != "jpeg")

&& ($extension != "png") && ($extension != "gif")) {

$_SESSION['msg'] = "<div class='wrong'>Unknown Course Image extension ( ".$extension." )! Please Upload png or jpg or jpeg or gif Image</div>";

$error = '1';}

if($error == '0'){

$image_name=time().".".$extension;$newname="user_images/".$image_name;$copied = copy($_FILES['pic']['tmp_name'],

$newname);

}}if($error == '0'){

$code = generateCode(12);echo $sql1 = "INSERT INTO

ise_users(user_fname, user_lname, user_email, password, user_pic_add, user_gender, dob,

mobile_no, city, state, country, contact_method,

biography, interest, create_date, status, secure_code, school)

VALUES ( '".$_POST['fname']."', '".$_POST['lname']."', '".$_POST['email']."',

'".md5($_POST['password'])."', '".$image_name."', '".$_POST['gender']."', '".$_POST['txtdob']."',

'".$_POST['mobno']."', '".$_POST['city']."', '".$_POST['selstate']."', '".$_POST['selcountry']."',

'".$_POST['con_method']."', '".addslashes($_POST['biography'])."',

'".addslashes($_POST['interest'])."', NOW(), 'inactive', '".$code."', '".$_POST['selschool']."')";

-48-


$objSql1->executeSql($sql1);/*Send Mail to user*/$fromname = 'ismartexams.com';$fromaddress =

'[email protected]' ;$toname = $_POST['txtfname']." ".$_POST['txtlname'];$toaddress = $_POST['email'];$subject = 'Your

Login Details mailed-by Ismartexams.com';$message = "Dear ".$_POST['fname']." ".

$_POST['lname']."<br><br>Thank you for registering with Ismartexams<br>Please find your account information below.

The account information will allow you to complete your registration process and access the Ismartexams website.<br><br>

Click on the link below to activate your account.<br><br>".Site_Name."active.php?id=".$_POST['email']."&code=".$code."<br><br>

Account Information: <br>Username =".$_POST['email']."<br>Password:".$_POST['password']."<br><br>

If you have any questions or concerns please contact us. We can be reached via the support chat, email, or call our direct support line.<br><br>Ismartexams Team<br>

[email protected]";sendMail($fromname, $fromaddress, $toname,

$toaddress, $subject, $message);

$_SESSION['msg'] = "<div class='success'>User Registration Successfully</div>";

print "<script>";print " self.location='verify_email.php?id=".

$_POST['email']."';";print "</script>"; exit;

}}else{

$_SESSION['msg'] = "<div class='wrong'>You entered the wrong Security Code.</div>";

print "<script>";print " self.location='register.php';";print "</script>"; exit;

}

}else{

$_SESSION['msg'] = "<div class='wrong'>Email already exists</div>";

print "<script>";

-49-


print " self.location='register.php';";print "</script>"; exit;

}}

?>Explanation:

If the user wants to write the test he has to register in the site. Later, he will get the

username, password with that particular username and password the user can login to the

site.

Login.php

<? Phpif(isset($_SESSION['user_id']) && $_SESSION['user_id']!=''){?><table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tr> <td height="22" align="left" class="sprite_font_3">Welcome <strong><?php echo $_SESSION['user_name']; ?></strong>,</td> </tr> <tr> <td height="22" align="left" class="sprite_font_4"><span class="sprite_font_5"><a href="my_profile.php" class="sprite_font_4" style="text-decoration:none;"><strong>My Profile</strong></a> | <a href="javascript:void();" class="sprite_font_4" style="text-decoration:none;" onclick="loadwindow('edit_profile.php','800','500')"><strong>Edit Profile</strong></a></span></td> </tr> <tr> <td height="22" align="left" class="sprite_font_4"><span class="sprite_font_5"><a href="javascript:void();" class="sprite_font_4" style="text-decoration:none;" onclick="loadwindow('change_pswd.php','400','250')"><strong>Change Password</strong></a> | <a href="logout.php" class="sprite_font_4" style="text-decoration:none;"><strong>Logout</strong></a></span></td> </tr> <tr> <td height="22" align="left" class="sprite_font_4">Last Login : <?php echo date("d-m-Y H:i:s",strtotime($_SESSION['last_login'])); ?></td> </tr> <tr> <td height="22" align="left" class="sprite_font_4"> </td>

-50-


</tr> </table><?php } else { ?><form action="<?php echo $_SERVER['PHP_SELF']; ?>" id="login_form" name="login_form" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data" onsubmit="javascript:return login_form_check();"> <table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tr> <td height="22" colspan="3" align="center" class="sprite_font_2"><strong>Member</strong> <span class="sprite_font_3"><strong>Login</strong></span></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="88" align="right" class="sprite_font_4"><strong>Email ID:</strong></td> <td width="94"><input name="uname" type="text" class="sprite_text_field" id="uname" value="<?php if(isset($_POST))echo $_POST['uname']; ?>" /></td> <td width="24" height="22"> </td> </tr> <tr> <td height="22" align="right" class="sprite_font_4"><strong>Password:</strong></td> <td><input name="pswd" type="password" class="sprite_text_field" id="pswd" /></td> <td align="center"><a href="#"><input type="image" src="images/go_btn.png" name="login" width="16" height="16" border="0" id="login" /> </a></td> </tr> <tr> <td align="right" class="sprite_font_4"><input name="type" type="radio" id="radio" value="student" <?php if(isset($_POST) && $_POST['type']!='school') { ?> checked="checked" <?php } ?> /> Student</td> <td colspan="2" align="left" class="sprite_font_4"><input type="radio" name="type" id="radio2" value="school" <?php if(isset($_POST) && $_POST['type']=='school') { ?> checked="checked" <?php } ?> /> School</td> </tr> <tr> <td align="right" class="sprite_font_4"> </td> <td colspan="2" align="left" class="sprite_font_4"><a href="#" class="sprite_font_5" style="text-decoration:none;"><strong>Forgot Password?</strong></a></td> </tr> <tr> <td> </td>

-51-


<td colspan="2" class="sprite_font_5"><a href="register.php" class="sprite_font_4" style="text-decoration:none;"><strong>New User !</strong> </a><a href="register.php" class="sprite_font_5" style="text-decoration:none;"><strong>Sign up</strong></a></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="3"></td> </tr> </table></form><?php } ?>

Explanation:

The user will enter the desired username and password so that user will be login in to the

site and can write the test.

TestGenerator.php:

<?phpinclude_once 'includes/header.php';?>

<tr><td colspan="3" align="left" style="padding:5px; background-image:url(images/sprite_01.jpg); background-repeat:repeat-x;"> <?php breadcrum(); ?></td></tr>

<tr> <td colspan="3" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" class="sprite_padding_1"> <table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" height="200"> <tr>  <td width="185" style="padding-left:0px; padding-right:0px;" valign="top"><?php include_once 'tab_02_templete.php'; ?><?php include_once 'tab_01_templete.php'; ?><?php include_once 'tab_03_templete.php'; ?></td>  <td width="*" style="padding-left:6px; padding-right:6px;" valign="top"> <?php echo ucwords($_SESSION['msg']); if(!empty($_SESSION['msg']))unset($_SESSION['msg']); ?>

-52-


<table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" > <tr bgcolor="#F68122"> <td width="6" style="background:url(images/sprite_05.jpg) left no-repeat;" height="27"> </td> <td background="images/sprite_07.jpg" class="content_head" ><strong>My Generated Tests</strong> <div style="float: right; padding-left: 25px; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; color: rgb(17, 78, 171); font-weight: bold;" id="listDivWait"></div></td> <td width="6" style="background:url(images/sprite_06.jpg) right no-repeat;" height="27"> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" align="left" valign="top" class="sprite_padding_1 main_box_border"> <table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tr> <td height="40" align="right" ><a href="javascript:void();"><img src="images/gtest_btn.png" alt="genarate_text" border="0" onclick="loadwindow('categ_left_xml.php?ccc=1&newSection=yes&addNew=yes&showButton=yes','690','500')" /></a></td> </tr> <tr> <td height="32" align="center" bgcolor="#F7F4ED" style="border:#d9d9d9 solid 1px;"><form id="searchForm" name="searchForm" method="post" action="gen_test_account_inc_ajax.php" onsubmit="return false;"> <input name="mode" value="search" type="hidden" /> <table width="98%" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" background="images/blue_rnd_admin_center.png" height="40px;" > <tbody> <tr> <td class="search_by" align="left" valign="middle" width="12%"><span class="web_font_9"><strong>Search By</strong></span></td> <td align="left" valign="middle" width="23%"><select name="searchKey" class="textfield" id="searchKey" onchange="checkDate(this.form)"> <option value="0"> -Select- </option> <option selected="selected" value="test_name">Name</option> <option value="datime">Date</option> </select> </td> <td width="65%" align="left" valign="middle"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%"> <tbody> <tr>

-53-


<td align="left" width="330px"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%"> <tbody> <tr> <td align="left"><div id="nameDiv" style="clear: both; width: 325px;"> <div style="float: left;">

<select name="nameKey" id="nameKey" class="textfield" onchange="if(this.value == 'All'){ document.getElementById('searchVal').style.display='none' }else{ document.getElementById('searchVal').style.display='block' }"> <option value="All" selected="selected">All</option> <option value="startsWith">starts with</option> <option value="contains">contains</option> </select> </div> <div style="float: right;"> <input style="display: none;" name="searchVal" class="textfield" id="searchVal" type="text" /> </div> </div></td> <td align="left"><div id="startDateDiv" style=" display: none; width: 325px;"> <div style="float:left;"> <input name="dateFrom" class="textfield" value="from" id="dateFrom" type="text" readonly="readonly" style="width:110px;" /> </div> <div style="float:left;"> <a href="javascript:NewCssCal('dateFrom','yyyymmdd')"><img src="images/Calendarsmall.png" border="0" width="16" height="16" /></a> </div> <div style="float:left"> </div> <div style="float:left;"> <input name="dateTo" class="textfield" value="to" id="dateTo" type="text" readonly="readonly" style="width:110px;" /> </div> <div style="float:left;"> <a href="javascript:NewCssCal('dateTo','yyyymmdd')"><img src="images/Calendarsmall.png" border="0" width="16" height="16" /></a> </div> </div></td> </tr> </tbody> </table></td>

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<td align="left"><input type="image" name="srch_but" id="srch_but" src="images/search_btn.png" onclick="checkEmpty(this.form)" /></td> </tr> </tbody> </table></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <div id="searchMsg" align="center"> </div> </form> </td> </tr> <tr> <td height="8"></td> </tr> <tr> <td> <div id="list"> <table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="border:#dbdbdb solid 1px;"> <tr> <td width="40" height="24" align="center" valign="middle" class="test_list_border web_font_9"><strong>No</strong></td> <td width="1" height="24" align="center" valign="middle" class="test_list_border web_font_9"></td> <td width="158" height="24" align="center" valign="middle" class="test_list_border web_font_9"><strong>Test Name<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="ahahscript.ahah('gen_test_account_inc_ajax.php?sort=nameASC&pNo=1&gen_test=', 'list', '', 'GET', '', this);" style="text-decoration: none;"><img src="images/a1.png" border="0" /></a><a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="ahahscript.ahah('gen_test_account_inc_ajax.php?sort=dateASC&pNo=1&gen_test=', 'list', '', 'GET', '', this);" style="text-decoration: none;"><img src="images/a2.png" alt="arrow" width="16" height="12" border="0" /></a></strong></td> <td width="1" height="24" align="center" valign="middle" class="test_list_border web_font_9"></td> <td width="92" height="24" align="center" valign="middle" class="test_list_border web_font_9"><strong>Date <a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="ahahscript.ahah('gen_test_account_inc_ajax.php?sort=dateASC&pNo=1&gen_test=', 'list', '', 'GET', '', this);" style="text-decoration: none;"><img src="images/a1.png" border="0" /></a><a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="ahahscript.ahah('gen_test_account_inc_ajax.php?sort=dateDESC&pNo=1&gen_test=', 'list', '', 'GET', '', this);" style="text-decoration: none;"><img src="images/a2.png" alt="arrow" width="16" height="12" border="0" /></a></strong></td>

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<td width="1" height="24" align="center" valign="middle" class="test_list_border web_font_9"></td> <td width="117" height="24" align="center" valign="middle" class="test_list_border web_font_9"><strong>Questions</strong></td> <td width="1" height="24" align="center" valign="middle" class="test_list_border web_font_9"></td> <td width="95" height="24" align="center" valign="middle" class="test_list_border web_font_9"><strong>Time (min)</strong></td> <td width="1" height="24" align="center" valign="middle" class="test_list_border web_font_9"></td> <td height="24" align="center" valign="middle" class="test_list_border web_font_9"><strong>Actions</strong></td> </tr> <?php

$objsql = new SqlClass();$sort='sort=dateDESC';$qry="select * from test_tests where user_id=".$_SESSION['user_id']." order by created_date DESC";// $rs=$objsql->executeSql($qry);

$pagination_key = new pagination_key;$pagination_key->createPaging($qry,5);$bagsize=$pagination_key->recordsize();$allpages=$pagination_key->pages;

if(isset($_REQUEST['page']) && $_REQUEST['page']!='')$cpg=$_REQUEST['page'];

else$cpg=1;

$url='gen_test_account_inc_ajax.php?'.$sort;

$i=1;while($row=mysql_fetch_object($pagination_key->resultpage)){/* echo '<pre>';

print_r($row);echo '</pre>';

*/if($i%2==0)

$bg='blue_bg_admin';else

$bg='grey_bg_admin';

?>

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<tr> <td height="30" align="center" valign="middle" class="web_font_9 test_list_border"><?php echo $i; ?></td> <td align="center" valign="middle" class="web_font_9 test_list_border"></td> <td align="center" valign="middle" class="web_font_9 test_list_border"><div id="<?php echo $row->test_id; ?>" onmouseover="ShowEditIcon(this.id,1)" onmouseout="ShowEditIcon(this.id,0)" style="cursor: default; position: relative; margin-left:3px;"> <div id="divName<?php echo $row->test_id; ?>" style="float: left;" title="<?php echo $row->test_name; ?>"><?php echo $row->test_name; ?></div> <div id="divIcon<?php echo $row->test_id; ?>" style="display: none; float: left;"><a onclick='javascript:ShowTestNameDiv("<?php echo $row->test_id; ?>","<?php echo $row->test_name; ?>");' style="cursor: pointer; text-decoration:none;"> <img src="images/edit.gif" border="0" /></a></div> </div></td> <td align="left" valign="middle" class="web_font_9 test_list_border"></td> <td align="center" valign="middle" class="web_font_9 test_list_border"><?php echo date("M d, Y",strtotime($row->created_date)); ?></td> <td align="center" valign="middle" class="web_font_9 test_list_border"></td> <td align="center" valign="middle" class="web_font_9 test_list_border"><?php echo $row->numques; ?></td> <td align="center" valign="middle" class="web_font_9 test_list_border"></td> <td align="center" valign="middle" class="web_font_9 test_list_border"><?php echo $row->testtime; ?></td> <td align="center" valign="middle" class="web_font_9 test_list_border"></td> <td width="112" align="center" valign="middle" class="web_font_9 test_list_border"><div style="padding-top: 2px; text-align:center" id="1t"><img src="images/aa33.png" align="absmiddle" /> <?php if($row->status==0) { ?> <a href="Generate.php?testids=<?php echo $row->test_id; ?>gen&section=0&paidTest=0&qno=<?php echo $row->numques; ?>&type=new" title="Take Test" class="web_font_9"><strong>Take Test</strong></a> <?php } else { ?> <a href="Generate.php?testids=<?php echo $row->test_id; ?>gen&section=0&paidTest=1&qno=<?php echo $row->numques; ?>&type=view" title="View Test" class="web_font_9"><strong>View Result</strong></a> <?php } ?> </div></td> </tr> <?php

-57-


$i++;} ?> <tr > <td valign="middle" align="right" colspan="11" height="32"><?php echo ajax_pagination($allpages,$cpg,$url,'list'); ?></td> </tr> </table> </div> </td> </tr> </table></td> </tr> </table> </td>  <td width="0" style="padding-left:0px; padding-right:0px;" valign="top"></td> </tr> </table></td></tr>

Explanation:

After the user login into the site he will generate the test by using the above code.

7.1.2. BACKEND

Manage user:

When we click on manage user we will get the data about user information

User.php:

<table width="90%" align="center" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tr> <td>

<table width="90%" align="center" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="h2" height="30"><span class="ph"><strong>Manage Users</strong></span></td> </tr>

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<tr> <td colspan="2" align="right" height="25"><a href="home.php?opt=amu">Add User </a></td> </tr> </table> <table class="borderlistings" summary="List of threads" width="100%" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="0" border="1">

<thead> <tr> <td class="listingheadings" width="29%" align="center" height="35">User Name </td> <td class="listingheadings" width="23%" align="center">User Email id </td> <td width="25%" align="center" class="listingheadings"><strong>user mobile no </strong></td> <td class="listingheadings" width="23%" align="center" nowrap="nowrap">user address </td> <td class="listingheadings" width="23%" align="center" nowrap="nowrap">options </td>

</tr> </thead> <tbody>

//starting fetching values from database// <?php

$host = "localhost";$user = "root" ;$pwd = "";$db = "dynamic";

mysql_connect($host,$user,$pwd) or die("sorry could not connect");

mysql_select_db($db) or die ("could not select db");

$query = "select * from manage_user";

$res = mysql_query($query);

while($obj = mysql_fetch_object($res))

{?>

<tr> <td><?php echo $obj->user_name ?> </td>

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<td><?php echo $obj->user_email_id ?></td> <td><?php echo $obj->user_mobile_no ?></td>

<td><?php echo $obj->user_adress ?></td>

<td class="tr2" align="center" nowrap="nowrap"> <a href="home.php?opt=emu&id=<?php echo $obj->user_id?>"> <imgsrc="images/edit.gif" border="0"></a><a href="delete/deleteuser.php?id=<?php echo $obj->user_id?>"><img src="images/delete.gif" border="0"></a></td> <?php } ?></tr>

//ending of fetch values from db// </tbody> </table> <table width="100%" border="0" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="0"> <tbody>

<tr valign="middle"> <td colspan="4" class="pagesnum" height="31" align='center'> </td>

</tr> </tbody></table></td>

Explanation:

In the above code we are displaying the user table which contained fields are

same as in database also. Here we also written code for fetching updated values form

database and at a time it displays to user.

Add manage user:

If we want to add a new user, then we click on link add user, it will move to add

user form.

Add_user.php:

<html><head><tr><td>

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<table class="pagesnum" align="center" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%"> <tbody><tr valign="middle"> <td height="20"><p><strong>Manage user </strong></p> <p> </p></td> </tr>

<tr> <td colspan="2" class="h2" height="30"><strong>Add user </strong></td> </tr><form action="add/addusers.php" method="POST"><table border="1" align="center"><tr><td width="217"><p>uname <input type="text" name="uname" /></p> <p> </p></td></tr><tr><td><p>pwd <input type="password" name="pwd" /></p> <p> </p></td></tr><tr><td><p>Emailid <input type="text" name="ueid" /></p> <p> </p></td></tr><tr><td><p>mobile no. <input type="text" name="mobileno"></p> <p> </p></td></tr><tr><td><p>address <input type="text" name="uaddr" /></p> <p> </p></td></tr><tr><td><input type="submit" value="submit"/></td></tr></table></form></head></html>

Explanation:

In the above code i.e add_users.php contained various fields of user information and

action page refers to adduser.php.

Addusers.php:

<?php

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$name=$_POST['uname'];

$pwd=md5('*',$_POST['pwd']);

$email=$_POST['ueid'];

$mobile=$_POST['mobileno'];

$addr=$_POST['uaddr'];

$host="localhost";

$user="root";

$pd="";

$db="dynamic";

mysql_connect($host,$user,$pd) or die("db is not connected");

mysql_select_db($db) or die("db not selected");

$sql="insert into manage_user values ('','$name','$pwd','$email',$mobile,'$addr','','')";

mysql_query($sql) or die("sorry not inserted");

mysql_close();

header("location:home.php?opt=mu");

?>

Explanation:

In the above code we are connecting to database and at a time we are inserting values into

database

Edit user:

If we want edit the data, we have to click on edit symbol which is in option field.

Edituser.php:

// starting: fetching data from database based on id//<?php$id=$_REQUEST['id'];mysql_connect("localhost","root","");mysql_select_db("dynamic");$query="SELECT * from manage_user where user_id=$id";$que=mysql_query($query);$res=mysql_fetch_object($que);?><html><title>edit user</title>

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<tr><td>

//ending// <table class="pagesnum" align="center" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%"> <tbody><tr valign="middle"> <td height="20"><p><strong>Manage user </strong></p> <p> </p></td> </tr>

<tr> <td colspan="2" class="h2" height="30"><strong>Edit user</strong></td> </tr>

<head><form action="pages/edit/edit_users.php" method="POST"><input type="hidden" name="id" value="<?php echo $id;?>">

<table border="1" align="center"><tr><td width="234"><p>user name <input type="text" name="uname" value="<?php echo $res->user_name;?>" /></p> <p> </p></td></tr><tr><td><p>Emailid <input type="text" name="ueid" value="<?php echo $res->user_email_id;?>" /></p> <p> </p></td></tr><tr><td><p>mobile no. <input type="text" name="mobileno" value="<?php echo $res->user_mobile_no;?>" /></p> <p> </p></td></tr><tr><td><p>address <input type="text" name="uaddr" value="<?php echo $res->user_adress;?>" /></p> <p> </p></td></tr><tr> <td> <input type="submit" value="submit"/></td></tr></table></form></html>

Explanation:

Here we editing the data which are already stored in database. So, first we fetch

those values from database based on “id”, after retrieving values from database using

select query and then edit those values by using update query. Finally the action page

links to “edit_user.php”

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Edit_user.php:

<?php

$id=$_REQUEST['id'];

$name=$_REQUEST['uname'];

$email=$_REQUEST['ueid'];

$mobile=$_REQUEST['mobileno'];

$addr=$_REQUEST['uaddr'];

$host="localhost";

$user="root";

$pd="";

$db="dynamic";

mysql_connect($host,$user,$pd) or die("db is not connected");

mysql_select_db($db) or die("db not selected");

$sql = "UPDATE `manage_user` SET ùser_name` = '$name', ùser_email_id` = '$email',

ùser_mobile_no` = '$mobile', ùser_adress` = '$addr' WHERE ùser_id` = '$id'";

mysql_query($sql) or die("sorry not inserted");

mysql_close();

header("location:../../home.php?opt=mu");

?>

Explanation:

In the above code we connecting to database and fetched the values from database

and those values are updated through Update Query.

Delete User:

If the user want to delete the data just click on delete symbol that is shown in

options field. So here we delete the recently added user.

deleteuser.php:

<?php$id=$_REQUEST['id'];

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$host="localhost";$user="root";$pd="";$db="dynamic";mysql_connect($host,$user,$pd) or die("db is not connected");mysql_select_db($db) or die("db not selected");$sql="DELETE FROM manage_user where ùser_id` = '$id'";//echo"$sql";mysql_query($sql) or die("sorry not inserted");mysql_close();header("location:../home.php?opt=mu");?>

Explanation:

In the above code we are using delete query based on id we delete the respected values.

7.2. TESTING:

Testing is a process to show the correctness of the program. Testing is needed to

show completeness, t improve the quality of the software and to provide the maintenance

aid. Some testing standards are therefore necessary reduce the testing costs and operation

time.

Testing software extends throughout the coding phase and it represents the

ultimate review of configurations, design and coding. Based on the way the software

reacts to these testing, we can decide whether the configuration that has been built is

study or not. All components of an application are tested, as the failure to do so many

results in a series of bugs after the software is put to use.

7.2.1 BLACK BOX TESTING

Black box testing also called behavioral testing, focuses on the functional

requirements of software. This testing approach enables the software engineer to derive

the input conditions that will fully exercise all requirements for a program. Blackbox

testing attempts to find the errors like

Incorrect or missing functions

Interface errors

Errors in data structures or external database access

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Behavior or performance errors

Initialization and termination errors

In Black box testing software is exercised over a full range of inputs and outputs are

observed for correctness.

7.2.2 WHITE BOX TESTING

Whitebox testing is also called Glassbox testing is a test case design control;

structure of the procedural design to derive test cases using Whitebox testing method, the

software engineer can derive the test cases that guarantee that all independent paths

within the module have been exercised at least once. Exercise all logic decisions on their

true or false sides. Execute all loops at their boundaries and within their operational

bounds. Exercise internal data structure to ensure their validity.

7.2.3 SOFTWARE TESTING STRATEGIES

Testing involves

Unit testing

Integration testing

Acceptance testing

The first level of test is unit testing. The purpose of unit testing is to ensure that each

program is fully tested.

The second step is integration testing. In this individual program units or programs are

integrated and tested as a complete system to ensure that the software requirements are

met.

Acceptance Testing involves planning and the execution of various types of tests in order

to demonstrate that the implemented software system satisfies the requirements. Finally

our project meets the requirements after going through all the levels of testing.

7.2.4 TESTING THE APPLICATION

Application should be thoroughly tested before releasing it into the market.

Testing will show if the application is delivering the expected results. In this case we

have given some wrong values to the application so that we can counter the errors

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produced by the application in such a case. Next topic is test cases, where 10 test cases

are considered and checked if the test results are positive or not.

7.2.4.1 TEST CASES (FRONT END)

Test case no

Test case name

Input Actual value Expected value

Test result

1 Login Username and password is blank

Provide username and password

Provide username and password

No error

2 Curriculum Selecting curriculum based on user requirements

Select the curriculum and check whether it is related to the school id

Select the curriculum and check whether it is related to the school id

No error

3 Subjects Based on the curriculum the subjects are displayed and select the subject

Details of the selected subject are provided

Details of the selected subject are provided

No error

4 Chapters Select the chapter based on the subjects

Details of the selected chapter are

Details of the selected chapter are

No error

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provided provided5 Questions Select the

questions based on the chapter

The no. of questions for the selected chapter is displayed

The no. of questions for the selected chapter is displayed

No error

6 Options Select the options as for the user requirement

Selected options are displayed for the questions

Selected options are displayed for the questions

No error

7 Generate test Loading the paper from database and displayed to user

Question paper will bedisplayed to user

Question paper will bedisplayed to user

No error

8 Report Status of the testWill be displayed

User performance will be shown as graph

User performance will be shown as graph

No error

Table 7.2.4.1.1

7.2.4.2 TEST CASES(BACK END):

Test case no

Test case name

Input Actual value Expected value

Test result

1 Admin Login Username and

password is

blank

Provide name and password

Provide name and password

No error

2 Add users The user fields are left blank

User details are being provided

User details are being provided

No error

3 Edit users Filled user fields are displayed

Edit the required fields


No error

4 Delete users User records Delete the user record

Delete the user record

No error

5 Add curriculum

The curriculum fields are left blank

Curriculum details are being provided

Curriculum details are being provided

No error

6 Edit curriculum

Filled curriculum fields are displayed



No error

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7 Delete curriculum

Curriculum details of the users

Delete the Curriculum from the database

Delete the Curriculum from the database

No error

8Add class The class field is

left blankBased on the school we add classes

Based on the school we add classes

No error

9 Edit class Class details are displayed

Edit the field based on the requirement

Edit the field based on the requirement

No error

10 Delete class Class details Delete the class

Delete the class

No error

11 Add subject The subject field is left blank

Subjects are added based on the curriculum

Subjects are added based on the curriculum

No error

12 Edit subject Subject details are displayed

Edit the subject field based on the requirement

Edit the subject field based on the requirement

No error

13 Delete subject

Subject details Delete the subject from the database

Delete the subject from the database

No error

14 Add chapter The chapter field is left blank

Based on the subject we add the chapter

Based on the subject we add the chapter

No error

15 Edit chapter Chapter details are displayed

Edit this field based on the chapter

Edit this field based on the chapter

No error

16Delete chapter

Chapter details Delete the chapter corresponding to the subject

Delete the chapter corresponding to the subject

No error

17 Add questions

The questions field is left blank

Based on the chapter the questions are prepared

Based on the chapter the questions are prepared

No error

18 Edit questions

Questions details are displayed

Edit the questions based on the requirements

Edit the questions based on the requirements

No error

19 Delete questions

Questions details Delete the questions

Delete the questions

No error

-69-


from database from database20 Add report The report field

is left blankBased on the test the reports are added

Based on the test the reports are added

No error

21 Edit reports reports details are displayed

Edit the reports field based on the requirement

Edit the reports field based on the requirement

No error

22 Delete reports report details Delete the reports from the database

Delete the reports from the database

No error

8. SCREEN SHOTS

8.1. FRONT END SCREEN:

8.1.1. LOGIN SCREEN:

This is login page for front end.

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After user has entered username and password the below page will be displayed.

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8.1.2. GENERATED TEST:

After user had selected test generator the below page will be displayed.

-72-


8.1.3. CHOOSE CATEGORY:

After click on test generate button we will get below screen. Here we have to select the

category or sub-category.

-73-


8.1.4. CHOOSE SUB-CATEGORY:

In the above screen we select category here we have to select the sub category.

-74-


8.1.5. CHOOSE CHAPTER:

Here we will select the chapter name and then go for customize test button.

-75-


8.1.6. GENERATE TEST:

After clicking on customize test the below screen will be displayed.

-76-


GENERATE TEST:

Here we choosing the difficulty level and choose the no. of questions.

-77-


8.1.7. TEST SUMMARY

After choosing the difficulty level, no. of questions we have to click on next button the

below screen will be displayed.

-78-


8.1.8. TAKE TEST:

After clicking on the Generate test the below screen will be displayed.

-79-


8.1.9. TEST DETAILS:

After click on the take test the below screen will be displayed.

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8.1.10. GENERATING QUESTION PAPER:

After loading the test paper the questions will be displayed as follows.

-81-


8.1.11. TEST DESCRIPTION:

After completion of questions the below report will be displayed.

-82-


8.1.12. TEST STATUS:

The below screen will tell about the Test description details.

-83-


8.2 BACKEND SCREENS

8.2.1. LOGIN SCREEN:

The below screen is the login screen of the backend

-84-


Here we have to enter the username and password

-85-


8.2.2. MANAGE USER:

After click on the user the below screen will be displayed

8.2.3. SEARCH BY SCHOOL:

After choosing the school the below screen will be displayed

-86-


8.2.4. ADD USERS:

The below screen is used to add the username in to the manage user

8.2.5. UPDATED USER:

After selecting the desired username for the deleting the below screen will be displayed

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8.2.6. DELETE USER:

After deleting the user from the manage user the below screen will be displayed

8.2.7. MANAGE SCREEN:

After clicking on the Test Engine the below screen will be displayed which is related to

the courses

8.2.8. MANAGE CHAPTERS:

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After clicking on the chapters the below screen will be displayed

8.2.9. MANAGE QUESTIONS:

After clicking on the manage questions it will directly add the questions

8.2.10. MANAGE CURRICULUM:

After clicking on the Test engine options we will get the curriculum screen as follows

-89-


8.2.11. MANAGE SUBJECTS:

After clicking on the manage subjects the below screen will be displayed

8.2.12. MANAGE GRADES:

After clicking on the manage grades the below screen will be displayed

-90-


8.2.13. MANAGE TESTS:

-91-


After clicking on the manage tests the below screen will be displayed

8.2.14. MANAGE SCHOOLS:

After clicking on the manage schools the below screen will be displayed

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8.2.15. LOG OUT SCREEN:

If we click on logout symbol it will display below screen.

9. CONCLUSION

Although most team’s questions scored higher than their answers, we do not

take this to mean the asking task is easier. Our difficulty guidelines lead students to avoid

complex questions requiring inference based on multiple propositions. The design of the

project encouraged students to try to “trick” other teams’ systems by forming reasonable,

even easy questions.

FUTURE ENHANCEMENT:

Scope of this project is very broad in terms of other manually taking exams.

Few of them are:-

This can be used in educational institutions as well as in corporate world.

Can be used anywhere any time as it is a web based application (user location

doesn’t matter).

No restriction that examiner has to be present when the candidate takes the test.

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Date post:	26-Oct-2014
Category:	Documents
Upload:	sundeep-amrutia
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