., 'ST. VIATOR COLLEGE Marsile A lum11i Ha ll 56 Miles From Chic ' go KANKAKEE, ILL I NOIS Foun ded in 1868 . . R ecently rebuilt .. Four new, thoroughlY modern and fireproof buildings. Location pleasant, healthy and easily accessible. Capacity limited to 300 . boarding students. Price of board and tuition $250.00 per year. Private rooms (Roy Hall) rented at $60.00 or $75.00 per year. Well organized faculties and complete educationa l equipment in departments of Theology, Philosophy, Sciences and Mathematics, Literature a nd Eloquence and in Academic . and Prepatatory Cour.ses. · · ·Degrees · in Arts; Sciences an 'd Letters conferred yearly. A Salutary system of discipline which makes for character building is maintained. For Illustrat ed Catalogu e, address J. P .. 0'MAHONEY, C. S. V. ·, President Magriificent Ne-w- Notre Dame ·Convent Bourbonnais, Illinois ' Ready · for boarders: Strictly fireproof. 85 large bright, ajry, private rooms and alcoves. Good spring water. Cuisine the best. Modern app lianc es for light, h eat and water systems. Thorough physical, intellectual and religious training. Grounds spacious. Locality healthful a nd quiet countr y. Only 56 miles fr9m o-n two roads, Illinois Central and Big Four. Terms $200.00 per year. Send for Catalogue to the Lady Superioress. Bell Telephone 4-18 R. Independent Telephone 706. · Telephone Number of Chicago Randolph i72. Sctwol Reopens September 8th.
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'ST. VIATOR COLLEGE
Marsile A lum11i Ha ll
56 Miles From Chic 'go KANKAKEE, ILL INOIS Founded in 1868 . . Recently rebuilt . . Four new, thoroughlY modern and fireproof
buildings. Location pleasant, healthy and easily accessible. Capacity limited to 300 .boarding students. Price of board and tuition $250.00 per year. Private rooms (Roy Hall) rented at $60.00 or $75.00 per year.
Well organized faculties and complete educational equipment in departments of Theology, Philosophy, Sciences and Mathematics, Literature and Eloquence and in Academic .and Prepatatory Cour.ses. · ·
· Degrees· in Arts; Sciences an'd Letters conferred yearly. A Salutary system of discipline which makes for character building is maintained. For Illustrated Catalogue, address
R~V. J. P .. 0'MAHONEY, C. S. V.·, President
Magriificent Ne-w-
Notre Dame · Convent Bourbonnais, Illinois
' Ready · for boarders: Strictly fireproof. 85 large bright, ajry, private rooms and alcoves. Good spring water. Cuisine the best. Modern appliances for light, heat and water systems. Thorough physical, intellectual and religious training. Grounds spacious. Locality healthful and quiet country. Only 56 miles fr9m ClJ,i~ag'p, o-n two roads, Illinois Central and Big Four.
Terms $200.00 per year.
Send for Catalogue to the Lady Superioress.
Bell Telephone 4-18 R. Independent Telephone 706.
· Telephone Number of Chicago Repres~ntabve, Randolph i72.
Sctwol Reopens September 8th.
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Telephones : Bell 237r ,· Independent t/ '
•• C. RUHLE
Manufacturer of LIME
Who!esctfe and Retail Cement, Brick, Sewer Pipe, Sand, Etc,
Office and Warebouse 12-16 West Avenue KANKAKEE, ILL.
W. J. CoghUn Bedding and Uphol.steri·ng Com·pany
Manufacturers of
Mattresses, Couches Also specialti.es in F.ea!ther Renovating
A BRICK OVEN THAT CAN BE MOVED · • FOR INSTITUTIONS · Has ~o Superior. S e nd for Catalogue and Full Infonnation
. MIDDLEBY OVEN MFG. CO. 172-176 West Adam s Street, Ch icago, Ill inois
G. OSCAR H. BYRON
Groce·ries, Ice Cream, Cigars and Confectionery
LUNCH ROOM
Bourbonnais, Illinois
Ind. P hone IJO Be/!228-R
W. ARTHUR LATHAM Mitchell Autos
Oldsmobile
Gara![e - 269 Schuyler A'ue, Kank akee ·
ERZINGER BROS.
WHEN IN TROUBLE
-SEE-
HICKEY Mrs. D. H. Kamman H . H andmf
Mrs. D. H. Kammann & Co. Manuf acturers of
Mineral Water, Champagne Cider, Belfast Ginger .Ale
Kankak ee, Illinois
Fancg Grocers Fresh Fruits, Confectionery and Bakery Goods of all kinds a specialty
226-232 CouRT STREET · · KANKAKEE, ILLINOIS
Groce ries ' •:.~, ' <
. - I
. .i
For ··In·st1iutio;n:s · • '; I :- . •. ' '' . . t') • '·~ ' • -1.- '
. W E are the larges.t 'Pac}{ers ' , , : & Jobb~rsf of Groceries, ·
·: · Ga·ll on Uanbed Fruits .· & Vege-. tal') les, etc. .P u re foods and di
rect . irp.porters of high grade te:.ts..and . c,otrees packed especi-a ll y for instttutions (p u bli c and \'
· ch~ritabl e, large and small) in t lle TI. S. A. Our coffee roasting plant is the largest in th,e West. :Send for complet e gr-ocery ·· price Jist corrected to date. It is yo urs for the asking; free. · If honest weights, qua lity and
. pr:ice' co unt, . you will give me yo ur orders. No fake prepaid f reight scheme ih ours.
JOSEPH F. KELLEY M ANAGE H.
THE McNEIL & . HIGGINS CO. W h ol '>!sale ,G,T ocers, J obbers
and I mporters. K elle y C an Supply You Wi t h Pure Foods. 3 to 15' State 'st. , Chicago, Ill.
All !vleats Used by St. Viator
· Coiieg~ A~~, SuPplied bY the HOte'lDepa rtrnent · ·
1l nd. Phone 704 191 Court Street, Kankakee, I llinois
''NONOISE"
Schoo'l ·Boards Buying Andrews' Schoo Desks are s ure of sa tis faction, prompt shipment, fair dealing.
We also lead the world in Opera Chairs, Settees, etc., · for ,halls and auditoriums.
The A. H. Andrevcrs Co. 174-6 'Wabash Avenue :-: Chicago, Illinois
MONEY TO LOAN ON CATHOliC CHURCH PROPERTY AT LOWEST RATE
Inquiries Solicited
NAPOLEON PICARD 159 LaSalle St. Chicago, Hlinois
The Spalding Trade- Mark
Is known throughout the world as a Guarantee of Quality
A. G. Spalding & Bros. Are the largest manufacturers in the world of Official Equipment for all Athletic Sports and Pastimes.
IF You are interested in Athletic Sports you . should have a copy of the Spalding Cata
------logue. It's a complete encyclopedia_ of WHAT'S NEW IN SPORT and is sent free on request.
A. G. SPALDING & BROS. 147 Wabash Ave. Chicago, Ill. ·
Dotnestic Palace Steatn Laundry Telephone No. 178
311 S-chuyler Avenue Kankakee, Illinois
OUR ICE CREAM & SPECIAL DESSERTS win praise wherever used. Made in =============== a modern plant by c().1Jlpetent workmen, using only absolutely pure cream and flavors.' Special p~? ty prices.
ANDERSON DAIRY COMPANY "Every Mouthful Delicious"
Either Phone 91 391 Schuyler Avenue, Kankakee, Joll.
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I ,. ,·
')._
'J
- Lnd. Tel. 472 We Do Repairing ·~ J
F. A. LOTTINVIllE · SHOE DEALER
All Ne~ Ideas in Fashionable Footwear
188 Court Street Kankakee, Ill.
Distilled Water . · J 1 The Family Ice . Ce Absolutely Pure
F.~D. RADEKE BRG. CO. . ... · Both Phones 132 Kankakee, Ill.
Legris Brothers
113ahkers Kankakee, Illinois
The "La Petite" Theatre Kankakee's Most Pop·ular Picture Show
Best Singing Best Pictures Best Music . Matinee 2 tq 5 p. m . Evenings 7 to 10:30
New Show · Every Day Admission 5c
Roy's Pharmacy , 193 Court Street
Drugs, Stationery, Cigars, PaintS. Oils and Varnishes
Prescriptions a Specialty
STITH BROS.
Restaurant and Lunch Room
182 Merchaqt Street, Kankakee
Knox Hats Lion Shirts .· H &. P Gloves Everwear Hosiery All are striking examples of the perfection of American Manu facture. Necessities whose comfort and goodness will apreal to you long after you have forgotten the price. Sold exclusively in Kankakee by ·
· B. B. FERRIS~--Distributor of Men's Weat' .·
FARQUHAR & ALBRECHT CO. ==== WHOLESALE====
SCHOOL BOOKS 378-388 Wabash Ave., Chicago
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The McLaughlin~Mateer Co. Crus~ed Stone, Cement Walks. and Curbs,
Portland Cement and all Kinds ot Ma$on's S~pplies.
North Schuyler Avenue and City Limits, Kankakee, 1llin1Jis Both Phones No. Z77
Dr. z. J. Paya.11
DENTIST Crown and Bridge Work. Gold Fillings a Specialty.
Popular Prices. Excelle11t Work. Prompt Execution.
175 COURT STREET KANKAKEE, ILLINOIS
The Finest Assortment of Room Furnishings in the city -will be found at
J. LECOUR & SONS The Store of Qual.ity and Lo"W" Prices
Largest Insurance Agency in Kankakee County
Shirley Moisant & Co. ' ,.
Fire Inst.trance
Office in Legris Brothers' Bank Kankakee, Illinois
THE VIA1~0RIAN ' · "VINCIT QUI SE VINCIT"
VOLUME 28 JUNE, 1911 NUMBER 9
"THE FAIRY MAID."
Francis A. Glea.ry, '11.
A fahoy n1.a1id' a~ppeared" ollle da.y, And with he1r cha1rin there eatn1e the sun, She touched! t:he barre1n: trees1, .and lo! New lif.e she ga:ve the1111, one by one.
Among the forest wilds about, She flitted j !]] around' allldr out, Behold a:g~a,in, a change she wrought, For bud.s a,nd flowers, here she broug~ht.
H 'er miS:SiiOn through she sped along, O'er hill a nd ;vale there echoed song, The world re~echoed n1elody, For through it an was ha.nnony.
A Bower brea;thing 1~a.re perftun·e, Arose whe,re.'er her s1pirit pa~ss,ed,
She \Va1s the queen olf fa.ir springtin1e, And at her court., we tribute' cws.t.
Her touch is 1nagic fron1 wbo~re,
H-er n1oveis, speak heaiv'nly grace, I-I·er a:rms are heav'ly laden vVith gifts\, for nlan'·SI PQOr ralce.
So lightly glides th1s fwiry n1a1id, We greet he'r, atnd hajl vvith a kiss., ~Po 111:a1rk the1 ha;nd that gladnes1s brin@s, And thus enwraps the 'vorld in bliss.
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THE CATHOLIC CHU·RCH AND WOMAN
JAMES A. LOWNEY '11
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H.E: tJ.~iuilnrph of C!a1lvary . wa1s1 the firrsrt, the greart,est triumrph of the Ohur_:ch and fran1 tha;t IUJost sorrowful hour even to the pre:s1ent day- whatever victory, whatever ·success., .. whatever aidva111Ce1nent, she 1nay haiV(lo
a1chieve1Cl! ill! a vv.ruy to providte for the welfa.re of her children, ha1s been attended by pa~ns and suffering1S. \V eU Ina.y .she be caUed the m'ot:hel'O} of sorTo•w. F:oe in tribulation she wa1s begotten, in trial will she la1bor and' sucee·ed, in a.ngl1ish wiU S·he he crov\rned like her Bles~sed F ·ounde1r a!nd' ·when her death will Inark the fulfil.ln:ue~nt olf -tin1e she will reveal the tru·e worth of her being and the brilliant glo-ry of he-r Divinity. VVhen the sky of sucee·s,s "'\V.a,s clouded with' t~ribulHrt:ion and, dis·courageInent, when her fondest hopes s:een1ed crushed under the feet of despair, then it wJa\s she glorious1ly rose triun1pha:nt to watch :ru ne\v- .s~t~alr rise in the . fil'OIJnainent of J•eT glo,ry. In 1nany cases the work 01f civilizartion w1a!S' begun in the face of ' appa1rently insupera:ble difficulties' an of which had· to be ove'rcon1e part by part1. Perhaips politica1l d.iffitculties would' r1e!ta,rdj her pro@l''€1SSI here, -or variou1s 1nental conditions there, now huina,n inclinations and perversitie·s:, then . s.tuhborn ancl unrelenting naltions.. But if her Inat~eria.l tenderness' yielded t101 the eonditions of the times her inexor:c'lhle S1e1verity ha1s1 produeedJ the n1:ost glorious: fa1cts of history. Nor could- it. be otherwise.. Her ain1' in iife is the t:rue-st, her n1ea.ns· to attain it, infa.llible, her p01Srs:ession of it profound', nay even· Divine, a1nd to the efforts of s:u:ch a per~s1on\ fa:ilure or defea:t. can never pro;ve des1trructive. An ung'rateful g·enerartion 1nay look upon her priceleSISI efforts as va1in amd ill directed, rna.y deride then1 with bitterness and contempt but to the pie . cing eyes of right rea:son, she is the only f1a,etor, the only foundation of our m~uch estemned C!hristian c1viliza1tion. F~or who relea1sed the pond:erorus eha,in . ·o.f s1lavery, who uplifted . the hnrggard a1nd caireworn body of the eap:tive andl who n1ade his: ·Soul to puls1a,te ·with an activity of aJ purer and' · nobler life'? The an'sweT·s
337
will stand in farvor of tha:t institution which taug:ht the equalitY' of n1en, which p~roved to e:aich one that, he had! an "infinite· -origin and an infinite destiny," which eomhated the err\Jrs of <A-ncient s:orciet1y wit:h \rega1rd t101 IS~l,arveiSI and ,upheld tha;t "there was no distinctioDJ pf persons before God."
T1o the intelligent reader and peru1se1r this ins:t.itution is none othe:r than the Claitholie. church. But whatever glory she m.a~ have· a1t.tained· in the :rubolition of sla,very, becon1es far 1nore briilia1nifJ and diffusive in he1r elevation of won1.an. Nunler:ou.s ·efforts harve be'en 1111ade to rob her .o.f t:h1s. glorious achieve1ment yet th.eir result's: ha,ve been va:in. For when the
' plro~re1sts of In:a1n ha1s been ·examined! u~de1r the powerful light of philosophy, the tracings of noble deeds1 and the undercurrents of righteoUIS! sentin1ent ea1n all be followed ba,ck t.o the da1tholic chur'c~
1 a,s their prtl~e andl undying source ailld in this pra1rticular insta:nc:e., the elevation of . 'v:on1ran has such an intrins1ic eonnelct,:i;on with the develop1nent of the church that it ''rere sturpid even tJo1 call into droubtJ thi:s widely established fa;ct.
In pagan civilization women w:a1s consider'ed nothing better than aJ s~lave, eoniseqnently when s:he undertook the bette,rment of the ISll:arVe, she began , to lay the foundation of tha,t grand edifice of social purificartjron a worthy emnineinorati:on of the honor and es.teem1 to which w01n1arnkind w:ms1 elervated · thr1oug'h t:he suprem·e efforts aind erucia1l Stufferings of the
. Clhrurch. I-Iow inspiring .amdi rarvis:hing is tha:t glorious: evoluti'OIDJ which wa1s · ena1cted eenturie:s a:go. Fo·r not, long after the sun of the nmv I eraJ had' begun to ·wheel . around in her' course thau w·e see Our Holy. Mother, the Clhu:rch, enter upon the the!n d'i.sorde1red field of E.ur~opea!ll civilization and tea:r fron1 . the · .sa,il of hu1111a1n na1ture t:he dest:ructive weed of poly~q.1ny. N'Or c:aJn we s'aiJ t.ha1t the ch ureh was too s·evere and overbe,a,ring in het• eon11I111arnds all!d matnd:aiteiSI concerning thi,s aH inlportalnt ques:t1on. She knew the tendencies of lnunan nature t~oa '\V'ell to falil in a1 Inea\us to check thean. If passion and vice a1re to be overeo1ne; t:ll'(~y InJust, be 1net with a · chairge tha:t is unflinching, 'vith aJ re.s:isrtance t:hart l1Je:ver re'cedes, with a precevt tha1t knows no exc~pti~on, and becau1S1e: of this, she
I s~ow·e1dJ the ,s,eeds of high ideals, which when fed by the wholesome Jd:oct.rine of Catholic thought amd warmed by the diffusive ways of I110l1101gallnrous light d~eiVeloped the fonns of beautiful flowers, the ,SJtems of which repr'es'ent.ed the elevatr
338 ' ! 'THE VIAT'Q.RIAN
ed individual, the buds t.he richness, and In.a:gnHicence of the fan1ily tie1s1. But pierei111~ still fa:rther into the truth of facts \Ve Inus~t unhestit,wt,ingly savr that: t:h·eir beauty and e.xcellence is whollJ1 due t\) the e1eva.ti'Oin. of V\'Ornall1. But ·what you ma,y at~k, we11,e the direct imfluen.ces \Yhich the church used in the a,tt.a:j:nnH::u t 01f this end;'? I s their' source: intrinsic o'l~ erxtrins1ic to the nature of' hetr institution, or did: they spring fronll cha:ncet ot" a,c·cklent? 'l~he influeruees: which \vere: brought to be:ar upml the purifiewtion and elevation v.f won1,a,n "':vill be enum~eTa,t.ed farther on. l-Ienee eon11ing to our ~s.e:c'Ond que·s.tiou we nluts:t offer .ws an unnl!istakahle answer tha,t Uie sourc.e of t hese infl11enee:s "1\~als intrinsic to a:nld <)if the1 very nartuT·e: of the church. The rea,son on which \Ye batSe· this1 rather bv·ld a.sser~ ti'on nla;y be unfolded in the following· 1nanner. It, is indeed a.~]] amazing study to foUo·"'V the1 prog1restS1 of "'Y:mnan: fr01u the da,rk .a1nd 1nisrt.y epoch of pag;a:ni·snl to the enlightened a,ncl hrillia.nt a.g'e of UlOicle.rn civilization. "Thr.oug'h1out, aU p~reOhristia[}) his1tory;" as Bishop S-paldd.ng> s:aors, "the law of Emperior strength w:a:s the rule of C'Onduct." ... -'-\.nd "'vhen we coi1ne to constidm• its appEc:ati0-n t,{ )> "'r;o1ua1n it becon1es very evide:nu th.art sinee sihe is aJ n1\e:n11ber -of the weaiketr sex her r ights and person n1:u13t inevitably suffer. In the \Yake of .such at law followed all those crin1.es, a!ll those disgraces, aH those injusrtice:s "'vhich w"ill formrer rnar the pages of his-tory. l\1an can never' con1pensart.e the injury which he ea us.ecl , ca.n never eonsvl e t:ho·s:e eountless ·souls which. his . passion atnd Ia,\v1essnesls tortured and debas:ed. The blo10n1 of virgin he-a.rts, the wa,r'lnth oif Inother"s.' love·, the kind . consolation of rna.rita.l recipro.city, all suffered atnd perished in the n1ephiti~ atinospihere of insolenee and) deba~Uchery. Turn our eyes where we "'vould the s.a.1ne disgustjng scenes and conditions alwa::y,s eneount.ered ou1" sight. And why? Beoause the .s:aan e law of "superior strength'' wats e:ve:ryw"l1ere pla.nted· in the constitutions: of g.:)Yernnlent.. Hence' in order to raise ·wmn.an fron1 tho:se low conditions and: pla1ce her upo·n the pedes1tal of honor and est eetrn which s~he nlo"':v oecupieiS requjred the for~ce and Oibs:ervanee of a la "'V ·which wa1s. directly oppos.ed to t.he influence of the p:ag'a.n n1e.as1ure of rig1ht. Nor could the1 character o:f this la1w be wholly intellectual for there is a.t hand the ·solution of a n11ora,1 ques,ti'on, a. questtion ·which has to do with the den1oi--:a1liz.ed' conditio1n of hlNnan nature. SuperLn~ stre1ngth cannort. be the Inea:sure of rig-ht for it. j::;; only
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33S
something a)ecidenta1l and eha:ng·eable. T'he measure o.f rigtht for which ·we are now see:king must be s:on1ethin.g as definite, · ~-o-extensive and neeesiS.al~Y as h1H1lan nature its.elf. · In order t.o asce1rtain ·in whart this mea1sure preciHely consists let us
, view human na1tur1e . in its orig1in. Ciom:in:g. fro1n God and ereated for HinT, Inankind becon1es a:s it ,-vea·e infinite ,in his or}gi.n a1nd infinite in his des1tiny. And sinee inall1 and \VOin!a,n are equal iru the first respect .a:nd since their desrtiny is the sa1ne the means' to a1ttain it ,slrould be wd.thin equal reach of both. The la,w which guides1 t-he. -one must g:ui!Cle the o·ther, and the stwnda,rd whereby to judge th.e ll1ioral worth of the:ir a,cts should be .a: n1'e'31S:1.U'€! in C'Oillllllllon, .rund \Vhen we e:xamine the teachingts of the C3:tholie church _ as expreiSis.e:d in her rule of conduct we vvill find it: to be the very po,ver which elevated' W0ll1an. It pulsateS! with a ln aietivity of Divine Hfei .and glows 'vith the warn1th of Divine lo:ve'. In its a:pplic:a,tion it is impartial and eortn1n1:on, :for: "befor'e God there i·s, no ·dis-tinction of pe1rsons. There: j,s, neither J e1w no~~· Gentile, bond
· nor free, 1nale n0r fmnale. Fo~'" you are all 01ne in Christ J·e:~us." And w he·n the: seed of this' -doctrine began to develop in the 1Windis of men a ne\v ord'e'l."' of. ideails1 sprang into eocist ,elnce., the new \Vorld· of tho•ulg1ht und1er the protecting and gentle care: of the church -s-oon garve evidence ·0f a new life. All Inen were recognized equa:l and ea.ch begalll to reve-rence the rights of the .. other. \iVhat.eve~r natui·al weaknes.s. existed was looked upon not a1s a dis1t·inction whi·ch gave another :superiorrity but a, condition. \vhich n1ust be pitied · and reverenced. The G0lden Rule, whos:e brilliant ra~rs had be1en so long cut off by the: da1rk clouds' of pagnrn Inorality began to shine in renewed splendor' and effulgence. B:y this tinH3 wc1nan began he:r aJStCelllt up the mount of honor and est.e:en1, traveling side hy side with thos·e who had fonnerly been her opprestsor'S.. The parth a1t: its beg1inning W'atS! rugged wnd I11'any a sigh was ut.t'ered a!s she glalnced orver the va,lley o,f her fonner igno1niny and shan1e. But the pang~s of her g~rief were grad'utJHy din1inished as· the jo-ys. of a new life· were realized. And les1t the .spirit which anin1ated this, new life sh~ould grow · weary and lose hope, Our Holy Mother, the Church, set up be:fore the eyeH of all the grand, noble a1nd inspiring pers·on of the Bles:sed Virgin. She stood nort. only as th(~ ideal wmnan, the exen1plar of true virtue and· djgnity, but a·ls:o as the type by ·whkh 1n:au should appreciate all oth-
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340 TH.E VIA'rORIAN
er. women. And thus when the church pron1ulgalted such doctrines und caused 1nen• t.:> conform their actions wjth her teachings s ire was then exerting influences) which belolllged to her narture a1lone. In fine, \vp.at s~he had norw s.o nobly beg'un wa:s suecessfully accon1pHshed through n1any othe:r m.t:aus.
Polyg;a1uy had! been desrtroyed, m0nogamy a;nd the indis,&oluhility of the n1a.rriage tie had hee:p_ erected·. Inserting these tW0 elem.ents into the rnorality of men: the chureh has achieved tha1t of which no other institution can boa1srt. 1,1le foundation of Enropean civilizat.ion v;rars formed for by them 'v-oman atta,ined mruch honor .and es~te·em. The passions 0f n1en were restrained a.nd curbed. His fickleness wa:s changed to constancy for a.ll his affe·ctioniS•, aH desireS', a:ll his. an'.hitions were eoncentra.ted on one wife. She. was to · be his only co1npan,ion in directing domest:ie affairs, the wife whon1 he alone lo·ved as such, the mother whmn all reverenc-ed. YVhat was honoraible to him. was' honorable to her and .she ahy,a~s basked in the light of his: suc.ces:s.. The: orgalllization of the fia:rnily had been founded on the aa:nelioration of \voman and on thi·s combined basjs the sublime edifice of Europea:n civiliza~tion rests.. It is. unclouhtedly . the
' gre:1te~:t Inonunl'ernt o,f history and· a.s the beaans of -Divine love play upon its pol]shed countenance the work of the church is gloriously emblazoned. During the course of time n1any ha;ve exa1nined its structure ailld have recognized the church as its architect, its: plans have been unfolded before the ga.ze of . n1ultitudes and to every unbiased thinker the abolition of s1avery arnd principally the eleva,tion ·of woman
· are ir.;; chief a:nd sterling fe:arture:s. Yet after arll that, has been sah,l tl_!ere a,re some who are unwilling . to give· to the church her jus1t d'e:s:errts. These people ars:sert that the elevation of '\Y011an was either due to chivalry or to the n1.anner·s of the Gennan'S. Any argtunent whkh ende.aworsr to sustain the position of the for~ne;r cannot be1 truly logical. Ohiv.a1lry is :alll effect of the amelior.altion of wointa.n and hence eannot be the cause. If the church had, not instituted lll(')noga:nly and the indissolubility >of the 1Ua1rriage eonrtr:act, if she had not resisted the p:aS:s,io·ns of peoples and the prejudices Oof pdnte~ by t.heiS:e Severe yet WiSie laws:, the C'Ol1dition Of W'C•inla:n would · be the san1e in the rniddle ages. a,s: it wars in pagan ti1nes. In this event chivalry would never have exist-
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THE VIAT'ORIAN 341
ed. · For as Balm:es say.s, "if we i1nagine t,o our:s-efves the beauty of a virgi,n covered by the veil of Christian modes,ty, if '":e iin.a.gine. this-charm increa,s:ed by illus;ion, "\Ve shall then unde,rE,tanld the riladnes,s of the knight." T:o an~ one who ponde~'d on this s:itu.aition, it will be very clea,r that chiv.aJry not ably presupposed woman already elevated and' respected, but \va::;:. also an extreme effect and not a cause.
To SllppioBe thalt woman arrived at honor and re·speet throug'h a ''kind of "\\rorship in the m~annm'lSr of the Ge:.r1nans" were 1nadnes:s .and mental imbe,cility. · The pas.sage1s of T'a.citus ai.tdh1~te "to S.Oillle women the prophetie chara,cter and have to d\) witll .superstition and nort with family r egulations. ' ' The vreJleda of the Germans wa.s· like the sibyls, of RiO·Ine or Gree,ee. She was reverenced as they were and tha1t is, all.
·Fnrtherm~or'e, Thcitm~. iDJ otthe:r passages re1lat.es the mis1e1rable .wnd infanvou.s condition of "\VOm.an. She was: an object of vengeance and .an instrument. of pleasure. .A .. -husba:nd could beat his '.dfe as- she \vas led. naked through the public streets. She waJS ljkewis.e· an 0hject of purcha1se· differing , very little inJ this- respect fron1: 0 1th:er eommoditie1s of ex·change. Polygamy was not unkno"\Vlli among, them. PrinceS: \vere permitted several y\'ives "non libidine sed ob n.obilitartem." And if it were per1nHted in the distinguished ·of the .state ho.w could y 0u restrain it in inferiors? N·v the cause of the a.1neliora~ . ' .
tion ·of wom.a;n was the Catho1ie church and she a:lone. The church 1nay well glory in her sueces1s: for it is not a1 triumph which \viii . perish with tinTe ; no, it will lp.s:t as long a:s the church will la,s,t. Men n1ay att~em.pt. to detract fronli her glory but eve1ry effort will only tend to increase it. What she has ca.used can never sink into oblivion for human nature ha.s been benefited by her efforts and one of the g·reatest be:.efits ·which it has re,eedved, \Yithout which civilization could not:J progres1s or soci!erty endure, is the amelior~ation .of wotnan. Let us not rest satisfied with the fact that she now occupies a high place of honor and esteem, but let u~ also re.mernber 'ithe world ·will continue to be unjusrt to her until public D·p~nion makes the impure 1nan as odious as~ it makes t he impure worrna.n. And a~so1 the be:st interests of Ina.nkinld, of the ehurch and state, will be S·erved by widening and st.rergthening woman's influence. ' '
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~ SOCIALISM ~ 1. , JEREMIAH P. O'MAHONEY '11
recent success of the S.ocia,listie pa,rty; its, triuinphs in the polit.ica1l world have given rise to much speculation a~ to t.l~e possibilities: of a Sociali:S1tic f1ornl of g1ovenunent. A: g;ysten1 which is rec0gnized
sbouldi ea,r careful exain.inaJti'on of its1 principles, and thus; a better urHl. erstancl.~ing of its worldng:s· 'vill he assured. It is · ou1~ purpos1e to d'eatl with Sociwl'isn1 as rega1rds: its practicahility ilmd ust:f11lri.ess afier having exan1ined its basic foundattim1s.
Sc·.ciali.s.rn is based on principles: which des:troy a:ll private property and thus: private ,)wnership; it advocates; s-tate ownership, state control of all property and goods produced, and state tra,ns.ferance of all goods, everything to buyers just as post;ll Htanlp~. are handled and contrrolle.d and transferred uy the governrnen t., s.o would: the Socialistic staite tra,ns,fer all good:~, fli~tribute portions of land to a;pplicalllts·. First the Soc-ialistic s.t.ate must get poss:e'Ssion of thes-e lands.. Hov~' then ~,;]mll the stat e ge:t pos.ses,sion of thes'e lancls''! ShaH the owner be arnply com.pensated for' their lahor in r eclailning· the on<.'e barren wrus:tes.'! Socialists ·stay seizure of private property is justifiable a,nd contempla,t e gre~t a,nd utopian achieven1er..i s ,,rjth no hope of realization\
Thus if a n1an saves his hard earrned wages, atUd after Severa:! yea:rS Of tSelf-s,a,crifiee invests tlliS\ !DOney in pr'Oiperty in the f 1·rrrr of land, is it just. t.ha1t the! sta,te should eomp€1 hin1 to forfeit h.1'5 right to this land'! As lo~1g as: Socialists. adVHJ ;ce such a '\Yild theory S'O· long will the lahorer, the property o'vn< , and the far1ner rebel against their .schen:ies,. In endearvoring to he'tter the working clais•s, , Socialis:ts cut .the very grcnnd from under their feet, give the·m no hope of ad\ancenicrt: lll · hc•pe of ever:' becon1ing land or property ovvn-· ers. ,i\~hy Lnt each man have equal rights, equa;l property, equal el ance of aecun1ulating propetrty, shout; the Socia:lists'! JVf01srt a1ssured~ly aH men are natu1ra!lly equal, haiVe the same rational n~ture, the sa.n1e immortal soul, ·free will and powers of under~standing; but an men are not physically equal;
TH.ID VIATORIAN 343
som.e are ·strong in body and mind, others are ·weaklings; neither a:re all 1nen morally .equa1, s.o1n.e are virtuorus vd1ile oth2TB are ~teeped in the lo··west fo-r:nlH 0f vice. So1ne n1en labor, others idle a w.a\Y the precious In-o,men.ts, of their existence. Then is it la.wful, i·s. it just that the idler, the "hobo," the spe !<'tl'rift should be entitled to the sHme privileges, eGjoy ~h.~ s.G~n, frri.its, ba,sk in the .S'ame good fortune asr the Il1'an .who tvih.;:, wllo la:bors, \Yho saves, who devotes his bes.t efforts and centers his energy upon accun1ulation of prop~-rty? T'be Socialist '"ou1d n1.a.ke no distitnction, give aU an equal share of land, of property irre:spe,etive of n1an's· O\Vll effD·rt. N·ot 0nly wr1uld the Sociailist have all n1-e.n equal us1 taken abst.radively, but also in the concrete. T'here can be no goveTnnlent i.n tl1e Socialistic state; for, all n1·e:n being equal, it foll(nvs there can be no rulers. In a.ll society fro1n the e·atrliest tinves. ~_on1e few men ruled, the 1najo-rity obeyed. But Socialists woul·d do a\v.a~ with this, turn the .S'yst.e·ms which · for ninctee11 hundred years· have braved every stonn and a:re still · triumphant. The rich and the poor are alw·ays found s ide by side. If an n1.en \Yere equal, there could be no progress in literature, art, science or inventions. T'he· leisrure cln.s.s, the 1nen of hra.ins, who use their.· powe:rs; to the bes~t advantag<~ all'e the 1nen to who·1n we O'We the cultiva.tion of the fine (~ .rts. Again the wealthy class are thos'e who back up a,nJ sr1_pport what is best for the general good of society. No progrcs'-' in any branch c:a1n 1na.ke s tride·s unless tin1e and n1oney a.re at its clisposial. Des,troy then the n1eans which a.id pr ~ ~gre~~s and you destroy what is be:st, . 1nost beneficial and us-efnl for peoples.
E-vC' lu tion, that y_rord which has so much in1peded true progre~.31, fiiK1s. chall.npio•ns· in the Sodalistic world. \ 'Ve must havE~ a.n evduti.on of ethics too; they hold it is, just as natural a.s evolution of prosperity and is co,incident. with econon1ic conditi01ns. Thus Sock1Hst:s: destroy pro.g;re~s-s, deJStroy science; for a1 s~cience, to be a1 science, mus1t rest secure on imin.utahle principles but n1o•rals n1ust ehange, .sa1y the Socia.li:sts1 and si11ee ethic:s. is a science, a. n1os't in1..portant one, it 1nust change, adjust. itself to meet e:veryday conditions' in the €C0nomjc field. The princip·les on which Sod,aHsm re,sts may he hriefly stated. " ( 1) All \Vealth con1es frmn lahor. ( 2) Everyihinr; depends upon material causes. ( 3) .Ompital 1s robberv." 'Vhile it is true that wealth comes from labor it Is v .
(
344 THE VIATORIAN I '
false to say thart an wea1lth comes~ from labor for there · a,re hundreds endowed with an abundant SiUpply of th0 wo,I"ld's go0ds ''he' neyer labor. . Nor does: everything dep~end upon.
· 1na.teria l causers to produce action; if this were the case a happy anu cont,ended people would inevitah1y be the result. T'his- is a ho]_Jeles.s fa:I.s.ehood. Capit1a,l mus1t be on hand~ or el~e the working c1a.s1s should retreat, w·ould s,ta:rve. Th.e most wond~rful feat 0f Socialis.1n is the regulation of lahor; the determination of goods to be produced; the quantity and quality o.f these goods to be UJSrecl by each indiv~clual. Tlhis is aJ hopeles1s ta1sk, fo~ how ewn the SoC'ialist.ic sta,t:e ·determine the allliioun t .: of gpods needed b~r ea,ch and aJI .so as to avoid wasteful overproduction? Tlhe officers mus:t interyiew ea.ch famil:y, each indivtdua,l and a,s·certa.in the quantity and quality 0f goods needed. How will the quantity dispos.ed· be gauged'? 'J'his system: will neeessitate untold labor, un:told expense, colfusion and rnisunderstanding.
Iu .ord·er that s1ueh w theory .should ever be a,ctuaJized wha.t shaH be the standard' of disrtr)bution? Shall it be the output'? Surely it cannot be this,, for the out.put1 depend~ not only upon labor, hut rulso upon the climate, the fertility of tl1e soii .acr1d hence the output is no·t the s;ta,ndard of disr tribut~on. Nor can the need'' of people; a,s stated by them, be the standard, for people cannot judge faidy in their own individua.1 case. For equally obvious: reasons, the 'vorm' ·of distribution cannot be s:ruid to ·be the number of peop1e, tiJ::ne, or output, quality and quantity of laboT' emplory-ed in the prodl:ction of goods, the dHigence · emplo.yed in- labor or the needs of individuals, for no~ne of thes:e · so-called standa.rds can be praeticany applied. None are fa,ir to an. Socialism, then fronT an eeonomic s'ta1ndpoint must be rejected; it is: not prattieal and gives no sa.tisfa:ctory results.
It is perhaps the form of Socialism advocated and expound~rll by Henry Geor'ge, which is known as the agrarian system', that entialllgles in it:s meshes n1ore people than do the other sy,stems. "Make land com~mon property," is the motto of tlli~~ system; leave to the people property of goods which yield no production, but ther state must own an · lands.. All right rnhJded men agree that the starte m.ust own certain lands--lands w'hereupon schools and milita.ry ba:rracks would be ereeted .for the use and pr'otection of the citizens. But it is a lmurd to say that. the · state could ma:Ih:<:tge all lands; this
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T'HE . VIATORlAN 345
. ( · :woulu nere,ssitate ·the hiring· of · thoi1sa.nds., n1illions of hands to care ft~r and cultivate the laillds, and Inor·eover those einp1oyed · Wf;uld be only as hirelings and take no active interest in their work. The,re are suffiCient; eocaxnples of what t.his sy.ste·m would ~ lead t0 in the present ·renting of farn1s1 for one ot• In ore year:s,; for at the expiration of the tern1 it is . oft.e·n found · that · almos't everytlling is in a' disorderly ·c,ondition, the hr·u~ef:,' in need of · repairs, fences: shatt;ered, weeds instead of plants ad.orn the fields. The dilapitated appea1rance . of sudt p1aces be,tray,S< a lack 0f ·interest,- a: la,ck o-f parLns-taking .labur by the occupier. This would be the Saine: state in 'vhkh tl1e: Sociailistic far1ns would· be managed and. found if srtate reut~-rs instead of p~riva:te owners did the work. T'he agricultu· l~a,l cla1ss as such would be destroyed1 if this syste1n p·redon~dl'J.a ted; the snu1ll farn1er, the sturdy' and conservartive e·lenient ·of c1vil so·ciety, 'vould gradually disappear. The nation ·would suffer, for the agricultural class are the heart's _lJlood of any nation, it is to thenr the people of down trod~ de.n and . o.ppres:s1ed countries ow·e whutever- is pure, virtuous and patriotic. Graft would be steadily increased by this ,sys-
. tcn1 for the Dpportunities would be increased. Graft is wicleSJ)read.. wherever the state and public · offi:ce is at stalce, but in the Sodalistic state everything would hinge upon the goverLinent and hence the' 9pportunitie:s offered for graft would he rnultipHed. _ Ano,ther fUJllacy of Henry Ge:Drge's: philosophy · 1 is his single tax schem·e. T!ax the fa:rrner a:nd allow hirn to keep his lands~, leave hini · enough to eon).pensa.te for his ,, Ia.bor · and thus he will take better ca,re of his fa.rn1. Her·e ag~ajn is a hopeless case, how can the state detennine the exaet ainount of la,bor expended- by the fanner? How can~ the state ~dequately compensa1te the faTiner? If the· fanner gets · Dnly ai rnode1rate aJlowance foi'" hnprovements th,ere will be no indueenu~nt.s to labor; if he gets' ai generous share, 'vha:t s:hall tlu~ s~tate do, since no other tax i,s levied! t.han on. the fatrn1- 1
er. vVhy not: taoc all people, a:ll n1~wchants, all · bus,ines.s places enjoying1 a:like. with the landowners: the protection of the start:.e. This is1 -strkt just1ce to land ·D'\vners, they work havd1 ·and are taxed sufficie:ntly a,lready. Any further ta:x: \vould drive fa:r111e'l"SI fron1 theh.. ho1d-ings, and lancl would "be.eo1ne a p·re~y to: hastening ills." Why make. a distinction between lamd wnd cap·ita~? · "f!aoces are1 le:vied on. the ,products ofl labor, the valuation of land remains' the saine,. ·buildings
34G THE . VIATORIAN ,
on or adjacent tha,t Inake·s land Ya1luahle. T'here is. no such · thiug1 a1s clea1r unearned increa,s~e. . ':Phus· if a n1an owns1 an a~cre of land', ailld it inerea1se.s in value in the cours~e· O'f a fe:w years, the n1an is entitled to the increas-e for he paid ta,xes proportiona,tely, but if the lot (le,creaseSi in value he to() is a1t ·.a los1s. Hence increasmnent · is the legitimate' rewa~rd of la,bor and eap,ital en1ployed .and. not "Wholly _unea~rne{l . as 8vcialists1 would have us' beUeve.
If land were co1nrnon, pro.perty every one should in turn be,coine faJ''lner, till the soil, engage in agriculture. N o\v, every one c:amuort till the soil; such worrk den1ands. energy, strengih and .a1 s-pecial aptitude. Just~ in1Jagine: a, great scie1n, tist, artist, hrventor, do·ctor or clergyn1an digging and ploughing. The very ideal is eontrary to conunon ~sense. Nor is. lar bor the only title of property; it is1 no a1rgun1ent to sa:y ru nl.aiu should own only wha1t he has1 produced. If we consider this .a:n a~rg·u1nent we should say we hawe produced nothing! \vhoUy, and hence are ·entitled to nothing. There are wa~s by w llich one m1a0' becou1e orwner of propert~y other tha.n by la,bor as occupation, heredity a~ceessio:n and' several otheT ' ways. VVe do nort produc·e our n1ea111s, of sustenance. any n1ore than we produce ltillnd a.ndl yet~ we ha~e a 1 right to f:luch n1eans. Oertainly the new-born: infa.nt,l1as' a: right to the 1nea:ns without which life cannot be s.ustwined, but: this do·es not. 1nea.n, that "if the new-bo.rn infant ha1s: an equal rig·ht to life, then it has. an eqtHul right to la1nd." E:Very one has a~ rj,ght to, a.cquire the fruits of the lancT upon which to 'vork.
HaNing briefly consi·dered 8ociwlism frori11 an econo1nic standpoint. it is a1lS01 faiil-- to judge Sodalisn1 fro1n a philosophic standpoint anid see if Hs principles a,re 1norally sound. Let us then listen to' the n1a1s!ters: of soeialisn1, and see whether they are te1nding, to what object' they are ai1ning, and note the inevita:ble resrult. 'Ve find that. Sodalis~n leads to ana:rc~hy, Atlle1is'm a1ndi ruin; deny the existenc-e ·of God' amd you deny the erxisltence of the 1norwl la.w and you deny aU rightK 'Ve have the utterances of leade-rs to .sustah1 our assertions. l\ia1rx .says, "reUgion is a fa.nrtastie degradation of huma1n nature .. ... ... it is the sentiment of a: heartless 'vorld, the opiun1~ of the people," and aga:in, "tlie ba:sie prindple of Soci.a1lisnJ1 is the m:aterj.a~tist.ie conception of history, a profession of evoh1tion which lea:ves no room! for , even the Orea,tor.~' l{e-rl~ applauds • this sentin1ent. Herron says, "Christianity
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347
st.a:nd-s for v.Yhatt is basest; and lo,v·est in hun1an! life,'' and "be-lief in God is incompatible with 8ocialisn1 ...... which has -no 1neaning unless it is Atheistic." I am, an AtheiHt, I d,o not t:elieve in God, sa,ys Liebknecht, no one i,s wo·rthy to be a SociaJi.s,t \Yho does n6t cons:eerate · hi1nself to the spread of AJtheisrn," Eing'els, "No cTeator, no ruler of the universe.'' Vandervelde shou-ts,, '·'There n1ust be: war between .Sociallsm and ·the Church ...... I cannot aigre.e with you that, the two have the s:a1ne purpos1e. in vimY f'or they .a,re· oppos~ed as fire ,and \Yater.'' Vivialll swys, ""\'Ve ha:ve succes,s.fully carried on the caus~e of irreligion · ailld! extinguished the liwht of h.e~a,ven which shall be lit' no more." D€hbs, the well known A1neric~J.1 leader dubs Ohrist "the tran1;p of Galilee." · Spa,rgo prais- -es Ohrist but denownc€1S Orglalnized Chrisltia.nity. vVhat consistency! L,aJthaan, B;aek and Bla:tehford think the "God of the Bible a cruel n1Jonster." Lisrten to the words of the editor of the officiatl orga;n of E:nglish. Socialists: "I do not like the Catholic Church, the Church was the enmny of popular edu:cation, the ene1ny of popular · freeidon1, the friend of super-stition, and of tyrann~r and of ·the r~ohber ...... I cannot be-lieve in the existence of Jesus Christ" In hirs hook, "G'i:>rd and ~1y Neighbor," he · has S{~ctions entitled, "Free will is a Jllryth ...... There is no sueh thing ars: sin .. ..... ))fan could not an<1 cannot sin .. ..... Ingers,oll, the Atheist, is a, noble IllO·ral-ist and bertter than :Nios:es." Thus it is .see:II that the lead- , ers aiin is to: break asunde!r frmn all la\v arnd order, to advo-C3Jte irreligivn; to dmty the na,tural lruw·; hail free love ; advocat~ the prmniscuity of .sexuarl intercourse; permit fre.edOin
. in tying' the n1arital bond, whhout. the lea1srt interference frorn a'llty orne; plaree all children inr .S'tatte nurseries; have thet duty of ed uca, ting children s~epa:rahle frmn Inarria1ge; build lodging hot1se:s instead of hon1es. T'hus Socialismj un~le:rn1ines the hmne, '\vre~cks it, brearks UJP the nartion, f0r the stability' of a .
- nation derpernds upon its horn:te:s a:nd the nloralit.y of i.ts peo-ple. There can be no n1!ora:lity, no ideaJ of duty, no justice, no rights if S.oeiarlisn1 triumphed. God would find no platce in the 8-ociailis:tic governruent, and churches would be ·wiped out-: Not only hms SociaiHsrin g•athered benea·th its 'folds ' rnen1:ber,s who profess no religion, but it ha,s: also robbed l~Ve1ry Cthristian denominait.ion of ma:ny once brilliant lights, lights which were not kept in trim to the teruehings., eo1n1nands arnd obligartjons hnpos-ed uporn them. Labriole, once a Catholic,
348 ... 1
nmv boas~ts of being a1n AtJ1eist a•nd Socialist, the . one i'SJ a p~eeessary cons1equence of the ·other; Andre~a 'F 'el' ri, no':v ~~ free~ thinker; Briand, . Olen1enc·ean~ J au res arre rio'v S.ocia;lists. a,nd Ait.heist.s of the 'vors•t type; l\1urri, an Italian . priest,. n(:)w the champion of So1cia1U:sm; Vauderv.e~lde now a non-Ohristia~n; Blatchford once a Clhi-isrtian, no'v mocks at, re:ligion; Herron now an Atheist.~ a1 pl\ea,cher once. Hillquith, . Lewis, . Seniel, ·Miaiel'iy, Upton, Sindafir, w·ere all Cib.ris,t.ians' once, no·w ~ntanglecl ill! the D.ms:hes of Soci.aHs1n. Hence it, is obvious that no ma.n can be al Oattiholic and a Socia'lis,t. T'o be a Soci.a,list dmnands the renouncinrg1 of Catholicity, a111d to be a Cetholic it is ahso1utely forbidid~n to ha,ve any interfe-rence with So~ cialisn1. One hals to be eithe'r al Oa,tho1ic or Socialist, for . the·r e .i.s no 111iddle tern1-. · ··.
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' 'THEI CONS.OL,E~R.~ ' '
When you a1~e tired' .aJnd ·weary, · And ea:rth's care!s b€nd you down, vVith toil arnd ha,rdships dreary,
You plod so hearv'ly on.
When life ~semn1s fill'd with sadness, . And friends no longer con1e,
Why Wfep for the lack of sunshine, 'Vhilst dwells the lon:e1ly one? ·
·In Gold's church' you 1na,y find Hin1 ' ' .And your parins he'll gladly share,
T'o help you is His, pleasure, His love e'er d·ra,ws, you there,
Alone He dwells for n1ankind, '\Vithin this shrine He lives,
His heart is ever. open,-T 10 111a!D a'.ll bl essd ngs gives.
I1"'. A. C., '11.
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-LIBERTY OF T'HE PRES.S EDWARD J. QUIJ_..LE '11
.H ·E'R:El axe three prindpa1l re~.s:ons . why onr n1odern libei~ty claimers,. anarchists, liberals a:nd. con11nu.~ · · is:ts den1>and the unrestDained liber-ty of the pre.sJ8: i. e ..
. ~ .t~he freedonr to publish anything. ·which may regard tne mora,l,. religious:, political or S10ci.a1l order- and that, too Y\1tether the writer thinks iDJ good ·or bad faith, tha:t wha:tever he pu blis·he\'l is true and good or fa.lse a1nd pernicious. If this principle is eorrect and the reasons or proofs with which they £~-ustain it are sound it ~ollo'\vs that no authority, civil or religicus, has the right t\Y curtail the liberty ·o·f the pre:3·S:, to forbid the publication of certain inflanuna.t.ory works or to pla,ce· under the ba;n of a1ny index, hooks that are subversive of soti·al and n1oral order.
Let us exa•1nine thes.e reas.ons and sift their value. T'he first · ptoof adduced b~ the upholders of the liberty of the pres::; is tbi~: They say tha.t there is in men' by natural right~ the liberty of conununicatjng their thoughts and opinions to others either in ·written or spoken la,nguage. Now· \vhatj is the W(lrth of this . argumentati0n? Does this liberty of thought and opinion exist as a real moral right or n1erely as a pbJ ~kal internal fact? As, a n1ora.I right this libert~ is a mere figntent, for m1a:n, who1· is: by nature \ved'cled· to trUith, nnls·t in duty to his rat~onal nature1 seek and foster the truth a.nd rnay not vvlunltarily eonunit' hilnse1lf to the d1arnger of error especially in regard t~o religio1us a,nd. n1.oral t:ruths which h<.w. is bound to kno\v jn yiew· of atta,ining his1 la!s1t end.
N 01r does the physical inwa,rd , fa.ct that 1nan is ca pa:ble of tlunking right and wrong confer up~)n hirn the right of expressing 'vhat he has nort the n1oral right t 1o t:~1ink; nor does this physical liber;-ty endow th~ Hstener or reader with \ the n;(,..ral freedo1n to hear and' assirnu~ate those, err1ors. which are lll\,rally· po,isonous. I may physieailly rea1ch o~Ye•r, take po•isou and n1ay a1lso physically administer it to you, but have I for all that, · th~ In.orail freed·on1 to do. tl1is•, and have yvu the 1nora1l freedoin: . to s.wallo1w the d!e:=:dly potion'?
350 THEI V:L!.TQRIAN
Since then, rnora.l freedo'm or t,hought is· in it.self an un:. reality, a1 fa:lselK)od, an abdicat:iort1 of th:e r:ega.l power of reason; s_jnce the rnere physical capability of thinking trutb or error cannot engender any real n1o-ral ireedon1 of thinking rig~1t OP wrong:, it follows. t.hait1 the libm~'ty of expres1siD11: hast:<l upou thes:e reasons is likewise a, false arid perniciom:; liberty. The s:econd reason adduced in favor· of the liberty of the. press is- its usefulne.s's in pron1oting, · t.he progress. .of sdence. If, it is· cl:a:ilned, this liberty 1nay not. be d~n1anded as a right conceded by nature·, a,t least it can be pleaded fo,r on th :: ·s:core of it,s utility i. e. on the score of its: aprt:.itude in pl'C''(:uring the la,rger and n1ore perfect evolution of lnnna.n kno.,vledge. In vimv· ther:efore1 of this' let, all topics be produced hefnr(} the world and publicly discussed. 'l'herehy the · public n1ind will be enlig1htened and st.ilnula,ted, hence H· is inferred that although theee 111:a.y result evils frm.u this, yet at the san1e ti1ne: re1nedies. for the,se evils! will be supplied and thus the liberty of the pres.s< wHl confer untold· g.ood upOL: society,
vv·, rea.clilJT grant that in the s-cience o.f Inaute,rs that are ~.till 1:1,known, free investigation ancl publie dis.cussion is a sonrce of prng1'e-s.SJ. l~..,ro1n the contact of vairious, and s0nH~ tilnes coutra.ry opinio-ns, the light flashes. a:nd in the light, b ·uih appP.ars. Rut whe:n once the truth is foruncl; wha,t woultl be the purpcse o.f further freedon1 of cliscus:s'ion unless to darken that ''"hich is- ele:ar? 'l''hus1 we concede no liberty nf d eny in:; truths. fully explored and altogether certain; e.s- , petialiy truths which are· pror)osed by au infallible authority and which a~re the foundation otf the entire .social, n1orn1l and religious order. 'Vhy should' every Tloin, Dick and Harry have the ridiculo~lS' liberty to deny the wisdon1 of the Ten Conuna:nchnents, of the Gospel, 01r the 'visdmn o.f the evi~ dently jus't civil la,ws. ba~sed upon the:s:e iln'peri.shable charters of all true lmman liberty? This• vvould' be the libe-rty si1nply to Inecldle, to djsturb, to destroy, and would in no 'yay conduce to tlte advance1nent. o·f lnl'lnau. science.
1H oreover frmn the evidence of eocperience a1id of reason as well, it stands proved that all sorts of specious fallacies are 1nost ea.si.ly spread an1\1ngs.t the people and a,s· ea~sily unden;;tood a.nd accepted by then1, whereas it is only with the utJnost djtrieultT that the ans.wers. to thes:e1 falla.cies and the . v
defen~e of truth will be circulated, read, understood ancl be--
:r-· . (I
~t-.~~ .. ~}
351
·1 ieved . · How Inany who have I~ead Inger'soll's t.irade.s. a1g1ah1st truth will read their refutations? And of those who have hais'tily ·s~eorne:d 0ver the,s,e' a.ns\Ve1rs: how 111riny · have he,en ·willing, oe have found thmnselves co1npelleld: to: abandon or to fvrget thelir . er'r'Oil€!0US iinipressiOlJlSI? Oortnp:a:l"'altively fe:w, I dah~ sa~' · Finally people would trifle a:way prre,cious time i-n the .superfluous discussi0n of things: that. are already be-
. yond d•·Ubt, instead of enlp,loying· it in the inve's,tiga.tion of l.tew and r<~ all:y useful knowledge. 'rherefore again we, eon~lnde that the liberty of the press does not he1p, but', rather
..,retarcl8 the true progress of .s.cie:nce~. In the· third place, it is urged tha;t should arny authority
attPJnpt t;) restrict the liberty of the press, abuse's' and eve~ry Fpecies 'of h1eonvenienees \VOuld arise. . The, prerequired exa,Jniiloatjnn and appPohart.jon. o;f the critics or censor:s: w:o.uld c,fte!n deJa.y the edition of useful and neceissary worlrs, beyond ·~ll cpp<.l'l'tu.ne tin1e. This h0a.rd of censors, would ofte1n for tid~ or that pretext, either by exaggerating 1ninor defects or hnputing faJ~e ones, forbid the publications: of the, very best works,; and again these1 judges ·would often be so s·wayed by fal~e prejudires and ill wHl tha1t they would suppress the truth aw1 favor e1rT·or. Therefore it i,s better that the,re be m1 e<'·u~oi'ship of the pre:ss but shnply liberty.
'J'•} thb argun1ent we answer· that where you ha.ve on one side a. right with possible abuses anne·xed to it, abuses' not lJec(;,;:sar:ily springing frmn the na,ture1 of the right bl1;tl only accjd<.'ntaJ to it; a,nd on the other when the priva,tion of this ,ri1f,-llt "·onld be a greater evil than the exercise of the tig\ht it~elf with jts abuses, then that right n1~ust .n0t be clest.roye:d, hnt. nn;.st. be corrected bv reasonable Ineans1 a.nd' exercised in
O/
re.aF·c~n~hle: way.s. Thh~ is· precis.ely ·the ea1se of censo'l"ship of the press, the rig~ht of restricting the hberty of the: pre1ss, the. i·eal or prretended al)uses of thi,s: rig'ht can he r educed to' a very srr::aJl nlininnun b(Y establishing in suffici~1nt .nun1bers hoJ ,<-:st_, learr1ed and active eenso:rs; by requiring exaLinlinatio.n 3 r.Hl approbation for th()S€' books or wriUngs alone whi,eh h '<)at of 1na tters affecting the religious:, n1ora·l a1nd E:oeia.l ord el', ~inee it is in treating of such questions and not of ques-. tions .sueh a.s ~Iathema.ties', Al"itlunetie, Atstrono1ny or Natural History, tha,t nwn a,re 111'\J.St like1y to be led a,sh"ay by pas.si0n!':l. It 1n\g:ht even not be necess;ary that this' censorship b(~ <) ~t.a hJished and that an effiradous subsequent sane-
352
ti< u wrn!lcl be ,sufficient, . .swch a!S the re~pr:e1~'sing aud . p~p_i.Sih~ in.g of. delinq ue,ncies~ ~iven in this ·ca.s1~ , the prin.cip[el ·Of the right of :supervision and of re~s:tr.i.ction . of .pt~~~s~wo~rlr . "'\V·01tdd he safe7g11ar-ded. . . ·· . . . _
'Ye therefore conclude by saying that civil authority . is ·hound t<} -prohibit the puq,lieatiion and circulation of e1rror,s that are 1ruu1ifes.Uy harmful either in the n1a,teria1 or in the 1noral <n~cler. We say tl}at civil . authority 111Ust prohibit rpa:ni- . fest er1~ors, e.rro~rs which it ·~loes require an infallible authority tJ detect but which b~ reason a:lone a1pp{~a:l~ to aU as evide·ntly fa,ls:e and <;onsequently h'rurnllful to all 1ninds:, or errors which by their pra,ctical effects have beern found injurious to society.
1 . T'he rea1s.Pn of this is that the chief right and duty ·Of . civ~l fVJ.th< ·.rity is to restrain wha,tever tends to subvert the peace, inlpa,ir the happiness of society and threatens the ruin -of the .sdcial fabric.
I ,
'rbe .state 1nus;t proteet the rigllf,s of it,s citizens and , pr01note all good. But the · free and unin1pedecl diss.enlinat,ion of er1~ors endangers peace rund a1t.tacks socie:ty vitally. It renders diflic:ult the exerd,s'e o,f civil rights a:nd 'the pro1no- · tion of good wo.rks, because these errors pervert the 1ninds of n1en, impede tf1e true progress of sciences, by los:s of ,tilne whid1 they oecwsion and the confus.ion ·which they s.pread around They {]raw the ·will towa:rds: every evil, create dis·Solute hahH.s, d:es,trOiy fidelity to p lighted faith and foster broHs and sedition. Therefore the state is in G.uty bound to s:et~ that IlWIIifest error be not allowed to stwlk forth into society and ~o·w its seeds of evil.
.A .. state that JWiS . by .soeial a,ct mnbraced the true religivn is bound to prohibit the publieation of errors . contrary to this religion, for to -spe:ak ·or ·write error or fals.e . doctrines is to a~ct . externally against this religion; and in such a stat~ to ruet thus atg~ainsrt the r eligion to which the st.atte is ·wedded, is ru .social criine which · the .sta,te n1ust forbid· and punish.
Although the s~tate is not an infallible judge of doctrines it can prohibit the production of doctrines conden1ned by tlle infaHible authority 0f the true: church which it, acknowledged: '1\ll be logical · ·with its~elf ~UJch ru state n1us~t. prohibit such publications.
~~~ S \VEl peer into the Idylls- of the K:ing,. penned by the renorwned poet T·ennyson, we cannot, help· ;notic-
,~~~H ing thart there underlies in these Idyllis., .son1e thought 1 which strikes · the mind, the sHm·e thought which ·we lindl u1 the Oaltholic faith. If we study these podnts or ideas :we will :find them dres.s·ed in perfec·t. dict.ion, the n1ost. exquisite gown of thoug,ht; they stand · out cleap and distinct, s.o much s:o that a.t firs·t reading we observe the prevailiNg thought. As \Ve look over the Idyll of Pelle;a,g and E:tta,rre, \Ve find tha,t the.S;e two cha1ra~cters contain pm·fect thought in peTfeet wo;rtcls ailld' a1re perfectly poTtra.yed, :so n1uch so, that if we 1neet thea:DJ face to fa~ce, \Ve could recognize thmn art :firs·t s.ight. One day w·hile Pelleas. \vas riding throug1h the forest, he felt the pe1netra,ting ray,s, of the hot sun, as if they were the bea.ts of a ' s1trong knigrht upon his hehn. Being s·o a1ffe,cted he was1 C'Oin.pelled to go and rest in the shade. There a~t his rando1n and lea:su:ee. he gazed about and noticed for a 1nile around there wrus1 open spruce. I-Ie:re and there sprouted a fern or a1 hea.tl1, decora1ting the \Yild ga,r•dens. of the forest, it appeared! to hiin that these flowers had a 1nore beauUful color than th01se he had seen before ; the fern w:a.s. burning with ~~ living fire of ein:eraldl so that his, eyes were da.zzeled at the constant. ga!Ze .upon it. Then once illJ a. while a din1ness of a floating; cloud or the shadow of a · bird or a fa,\Yn were . seen cros·sing its: parth, as if its e~xist.ence were blotted out of the 'universe, then the hea.vy eyes of our "\vea.ried traveler dosed. All of a1 s udden he \VaiS a \va:keued by a, sound' of ta.lk and laughter corning fro1n the interior of the woods·, a.ncl rubbing his sleepy eyeS~, and n1uch to his pleasure, as: if in a dream, he observed dailn:s:els in divers'e colors like w cloud at. sun.s1et or sunrj.se, and' a.l~ o-f the·Illi on horses richly decora,ted. They were aU ta1lking confusedly, so1ne pointing one wa~, son1e the other, surely he thought. they had los't their way. P'elleas a.tose and led his -ll\)rse to the light. One of then1 who appeared to be the leader, ca1ne forward and said. "In happy
"
:) 5 4 THE1. VIATORIAN •
tirnes behold our pilot Sta1r. Youth, we a,re da~Ittsels, errajnt and '"~ ride a1nid as ye ~:ee to tilt against the knig~ht. '~rhere a t Ca,er:leon, but ha~re los1t our wa1y. T'o· right:t 'fo left? S~traight forward'? Back aga1iu? \Vhkh '? '_l"ell us quickly '!"
P eUea.s, ga~ing at this fairy queen, thought within !lintself, " Is Guinevere her8elf s:o beaiUtiful·t" For her large violet and spa!rkling eye:~ l0oked, and a~round her liln bs rna.ture in wornan, slender. was · her haud, ar~d s:rnall her shape. It seeu1ed to Pellea,s that; the very · be1auty of worua.:tihood was d isp layed in her na ture, UJS her eyes p~enetr:a~t ed to the botton1 of his heart, ai voice whispered within hilu tha:t she loved hiln, and that he in r eturn should display his. love to hm'. Surely thi~ rnust ha,ve been a surprise to P elleas, he \VlH) ha;tl -just been a1wake-ned frorn his s ltunber t0, be confronted by thes·e fa.iry nra.idens~ . H e looked at her and tried to aus\Yer her questions, but hi s t ongue, failed to execute his connnand, he wa1s so arwe-struck tha,t, he could not utter a sound, until again sh e exclad:med: -.
" 0 wild of the woods, knowest thou not the fashL)u of our spee1ch? Or have the HeaiVens, but given thee a. fajr fa ce, · laicking: a tongue."
" 0 daJ.nsels," he ans,wer ed, "I a wake frorn dreanrs, and corning out of g'loorn wa,s1 da,zzled by the ~sudden light a 11Hl
e ra ve pardon. But will ye to CaeJ leon~ 1 go likewise. Shall I lead you to the king~ ?"
"I.e1ad on," sh e sa.id, and through the wood s they depart-ed.
vVhile they r ode, his t endernes1s of rnanuer · and cha~s~t e respects, his ba1shfulnes.s:, were all burdensmne to· her, and in her heart she utter ed: " I harve U.@hted .a:n a1 fool, raw yet so st aJe." But. dur ing the journey she th0ught that F'elle.a.s 1n ight fight, and \Yin thi·sr little circlet , for her, therefore ~~h 'e n1i ght flatter hinr, so that he would be sure to undergo the vV hen they had r ea1cherd' their pla1ce of des,tin:a.tion, and having d isn1ounted frorn their horses, E:ttarre takes' U1e hand O'f P elleas, and· both in a n1ocking, a~ncll flattering voice S!aicl: "0 the st rong ha1nd. See, lor\)k ~,t rnine, but ,,-ill thou fight for 1ne and win rne this fine circlet, P elleas, that I nray love thee." Then his helpless he:a1rt leaped for joy, he had found one whomj he considered worthy of hi s: love; and replied. "Ay., will t hou if I win?" "Ay, that will I ;" she ans\n•red, and. eas.ting
'··
THE1 VIATOUJAN .355
hj~ hand a,way fro1n h.er, she turn~d to her Inaride111S: and tl1e three knights arwa1iting h,er. . Afte1~ P'eUeas· had 1eft hiH ladylove, whonlJ he thought wasi S'<) kind! to hini, he now fa.ncied be ·wa1s the happiest 1nan on all this earth. He ha,d now before him; he c:ons.ideJ'"e:d the 1nost beautiful J.na1iden. he had ever seen or 1net. · A~s he Ining-lecl! with the people:, .they gazed a;t hi1n, and there ·\vas w·ritten on hjs countenance, happine!Ss a,nd they " rere1 aill astonished at his happiness, but, none kne'v . his ,secret excep·t the king. Arthur 1n.ade ~vast ba1nqrrert:s and knig·ht:s f~"On1 the four winds ca!Ine a1nd sa1t with hhn at hif5 f~£t.a.l table. He regarded these strangers but little~ he won-
. d ered whether his lady loved hi1n, f,)r he knew U1at he l1ad ·found fa,vor in the eye~ of the king, anc1 ever sjnce he ·v\Ta,:5
n1ade knight of the round tahle he ha.~l lea1rned to love his u}a,s·ter Inore and 1nore, a1nd ait the slightest eonnnand, vvould go and figiit. ·
·vvhen he aw·oke the ne:xt 1norning, the .sun ,,~a,s. pe·eping throu@h his \vindow. A feeling of j0y passed over his soul a3 he perceived1 the ,golden s:un, for then he knew that it was either. going to be aJ day 01f victC)Ty or defea,t. King Arthur loved his young knight and he res~trained fro1n. the field . the older a:nd Inig,ht.ier ones, so tha.t Pellears 1night win and obtarin his lady's love, a.cc0T:ding to her pro1nise, and re.1uain m.as.ter of the Tburney. The gild~d para1pets were crowded with eag:e·r eyes and the towers \Yere filled \Yith people wa:iting~ for the baJttle, and the one who \Yas: going. to he the victor of the tournailnen:t of youth. The trurnpet blew a,nd the battle conunenced; for the wh0le (la~ Pelleas kept the field with honors, a~nd by hi.s st.rong and Inig-hty hand he achieved . the golden circlet. Then shouts rang out from. aH sides and on the fa:ce of Eltta1rr~e pride a:nd· g·lory were "ivtitten in golden letters. T'he1re, before the gathering, she caught the circlet f.roon his ha1nds a~nd crow11ed herse1f. T'his was the last ti1ne in her life she wrus: ever gracious to hirn who had foug~ht for her, notwithstanding that 1she had prOinjsed hiln her love. Aft,er the excite1nent had subsided, Eittarre a1nd her chunse1s and her three knigihts turned their fa,ces hon1ewa,rd.
Sir PeUeas followed, S:he sa\v hirn coiJning and said, ''D:arrusels, yet I should be asha1ned to say, I can1.1ot bide Sir Baby. Keep hin1 back aJnongst your'selves." Those: wllo were with her heard the.s:e words., they knew her wra.th and cruelity, so the·y surrounded Pelleas and l~ept hin1 frmn her, so far, that
356
he could not speak to her. . After they hatd arrived at 't4.eir 'cast1e, she s~.ra;ng fi'olin: her hors'e and entered the castle, harving let dowDJ the iron' gates. , He · was left, alone outside. ·Sir Pellea,s thought frorn the1se acts, tha1t the queen desfred to see if he really lmed! her, for· he farncied that she \Vanted to irnpose these n1.e·an·s of torture. 'Vhen night came · he went t,o a lodgring no•t faJr · awa~r, and e:ve-ry n1orning \vhether moist or.
. I . .
dry, he would 111ake his way to the castle. These a.cts· of per-sistence excited the wrarth of Etttarre, and she ordered her knights to d:rive himJ frOl11' t:he walls, but as they c.amet Pelleta;s overthrew thern one by one. Still he c0ntinued to keep his \va:tch. Again she ordered her knig:hts to d trive him a,,valY, but as they came, Pelleas· overthrew them · again. The third tilne t~hey came .she told t.hen1 to attack hhn thre:e to one, if they did not succeed il1 killing, to bring hiln in bound. · But Pel,. lea,se, s:wjft a:s alll ea.g,le, overthrew theni, they bound hiln an.d brought hirn to her, but her anger \ya.s so s,troug, her villiany 'so _cruel, that .she lo,st control of her ten1per and she corn-rna.nded her knights to cast h'iln out allld' kill hin1. ·
A~ he \Va1s hurled out the castle g~aites Ga"\vain s-prang forth .flrndJ cut hiB hounds'. He explained ho.w he had s~~en the underta,king fron1 one of the ne1jghboring hills. PeUe:as. unfolded to hin1, tha,t he had been ca:st out, three times fro1n her presence, and' that she had prornised hin1 her love. 'rhen Ga:wa.in t:old hin}l that he w·vuJd change her hate to love, that he ·would tallne this ferociou~ princess to· his own "~ill. His re·qp.e.st wa;s tha1t PeHews let hin1 take his: ho.rse and a1rms,, then he · wouldJ go to the castle amd say tha.t he had killed their g•reat enerny Pelleas, and that in three da,y.s he would melt her hate to love and parrdon. P.ellews . ga.ve him his horse a.nd arp.1s, except his distinguished ~HV()·~d, with which he: ha.d won the circl,et ·of gtold. T1hen he hade ·Gawarin not to betray hiln, w·}lo then raised the bug·le \Vhich wa1s hanging by his side~ the sorunds of which was so n1usical tha.t its echoes peuetra1ted th.e very watlls before him. T'hen he told thein tha;t, he ha1d slain. PeUea.s, a.nd to open the gates, t'hatt he would rnake thern l}arppy. Pelleas then wandered. about through the rnountains and wood's, wa.itingt for the ·thircll day to eou1e, . in order . to tind out if Gawaiin had quenched: the a1nger of Etta.rre:. After three da~s no joyful news ca.n1e frorn · Ga,wain, so· Pellea~S, rnounting his horse, .start;ed lout; for the cast.l~ . . vVhen he ar:rived, ·he found the gate opened, and no guards . watching, ·he
'.FH:El VIATO·RIAN 357 . .
then thought t.halt the!J had helie,ved' the storry of Ga.wain. T~hc only sounds ht:: hearrd were those of his hoi·.se?sr hoofs and the beat.ing~s of hi.s heart. He the·n went to the ca;st.le. No lights were s,e,en penet.rating1 throug-h the~ darrk veil of nig·ht, whence he inferr·ed tha\t the·y were an asleep. He entered the halll, there in one of the roon1s were Garwain and . Ettare fast asleep; art first s.ight of the1n he 'fell back, as if he had .been pus.hed by some. rnysterrious hand, :a,ndr le.ft the roon1. But. ·as: he carne to the C:.'.rS•tle bridge, he stopped to e~clairn: "I will go back and s.la~ then1 where they lie." He returned to the room and stjJl found thern1 as;leep·, and' dra,vingi his s:word e:x:clahned.: ''vVhat! slary a, sleeping knight should be so false." Then truking' his srw·orn in his hang:, a, fee:ling of rmnorse passed over his soul gTas:ping it firrn1y, he put it acro•ss their naked throarts and. there he left it. He observed that Etta.rre had her brow decked with the circlet o.f the Tourney and her neck adorrned with the instrument of the T'ourney. 'Vhat. thoughts must haiVe pa.ssedJ through the Inind o:f Pelleas a rt tha.t instant? wha.t thoug·hts of rervenge? Was it no:t, his turn to cast her out fron1 her walls:, with her head separaJt,ed fro1n her body? vVha.t scenes can be cornpratred with this- one? vVars she not at his Inercy, she· who had' cast hiln f1~otn her walls'? ''Tho had defrauded hin1, arnd: -who had pro1nised her love, but only laughed at hin1'? Still he spa·l~·ed her lif'~. Then. dashing out Df the clooP arnd n1ounting his horse, he rode a,way as fas.t as his a.nin1al could trarvel. , The petulance a1nd cruelty o.f EttaJ.'Te have rousred' his atngm·. E;tta.rre i.s only weaker than Vivian, who has the S!alrt~ dj,s.posi ti.on. She detests the king and his ludghts. It was only when Pelle;as :fincl1s hin1self betra~ed by Gawain thart he understood: the a,wful re:a.lity of his falsehood anll \Yantou.ness.. Ga,wa,in is a traitor introdueed bY .. &
T~nri:yson as a; necessa,ry part. of his plo·t. P'ellea~s bursrtrs out in. argonized re:proad1:
"0 tovver so srtrong, huge, solid, _would that e;ven while I gaze, 'J"lle erac:k tA earthquake 1shivering to your ba:se Split you, .and Hen, ,burst up your .harlot i"oofs Bellowing1 and charr'd you thro~ a.nd thro? within Black is the harlot's heart, hollow· as a: skull."
Et:ta;rre ferlt a · c-old touch on her throat, and awaking found a sword, she recognized the sword to he that o.f Pelleas, the same one which had archie,ned ~or her the o-bject of her admira:tion; turning to Ga,vvain she e:xclahned: _ .
I '
358 THE VIATOHIAN
"L-iar for thou hast not slain this I-''elleas, liere he stood and n1ight ha:ve sla~in 1ne a1nd thyself.'' Ga:wajn then related the circumstances thwt have a:ccurred, and he told her, that Pelleas was a true knigl1t on earth, he really di.<.l love ·l1er, his love was aSi pure UISI the lily thart caine forth fr0111 .the bOtStOUl of the n1other ea1rth, but now this love a:nd life would not bring this young' 1nan t.o her .a,gah1. Pellea,s, rocle over the field-s and p~ladns, until he can:ue to the s.tar over the ris.ing sun, near the tower where Percivale y,·as cloistered·, for could he seen on: the for,ehead of datwn. Here Sir Pe:Heas rested, hut hi;s eye1s were heavy, in his heart a feeling• of reveng.e· was still clinging, and his ·lhnbs -were wear"i,ed, so that he ~~x
claimed: "Of Arthur's hall an1 I, .but here let 111e rest. and <Jje." Gwsting himself clown he fell into a deep sleey. lie " ·as
a1·oused froin hi~s sl un1 ber by a, dre:a:In, tha1t Gawain had set fire to the haH of ~1erlin, and the fhunes destroyed the buildjug and it :fell. A.s he a\voke he perceived s~0n1e one near and grasping ld,1n -exclai1ned: "Fals~e but I beheld thee pure as Guinevere."
But Percivale stood near hi1n and cried.: "An1 I false, as Guinevere is pure, or are you dreaming~ But Pelleas a.nswered. Is the queen false? But Percivale was 111ute. "L;; the kng true?" "The King," said Perciva:le. " '\Vhat then let 1nen couple at once with wolves, what are thou mad~" Rut Percivale had! but uttered his '\vord:s than P~elleas had ntounted his horse and was riding away at terrific speed. But he haiCl .no·t gone Yery far w:hen he '\Va1s asked hjs- na:1ne: "I have no name" he answered. But ·St.ill the stranger persisted to have his naLine., "I hmve n1anjr natines," he answered. I aJn the wrath allld 1shaune a.nd hate. and ervil a1nd faJne and lil{;e a poisonous mind I pass to blat&t a1nd blaze the crin1e of Lancelot and the queen." "T1hen you nulst paiSs over 1ne." .answered Lancelot, fight therefore. But the w-earied steed of Pelleas struggled for a while t:hen flung his Inas,ter to the ea~rth, then PeHea:s cr:ied: "Slay 1n.e, I have no sword." 1""hen Lancelot looked upon his victirn for a while., and rode away to Ca,nl,elot.
Pelleas arose a111d taking , his: horse rod·e fa:r behind I.aneelot. He entered the haill at Oaanelot a1nd there he finds Guinevere and her n1:aidens,, but1 ·she turned· to La.ncelot. and S{ltid: "Have yoUJ fought?" "Yes," he .a:llis~vered:, "a.ndt won." Then turning to PeUeas she · said. "If 1 the queen rna~ help thee lo01s-e thy t~ongue, and let 1ne know." Peneas lifted hjs eyes
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· in madness. "I have no sw-ord." He then left the ha.Il. 'Yhat thoughts of revenge must have passed over his agitated rnind, there stood before him a; w-omam., he had been betra~yyecl by one not long ago, could this one· be false'? .A.s he had asked befo1~ of Percivale.
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Pelleas in his 1nadness j.s the hare hna.ge of Lance.lot·s sin. He represent's the sensual man blown a.horut in the rna.dn-ess of hj;s. O"\Yn passion, ru pois·ono•us rnind to blast a·nd kill. 'fhe sin of Laneelot and the queen had been wo'l'king in his veins, a,nd it had .spread out, like a s:ilent. po.is:(J>n, which had led to "Ta,th. In P elleas rund E,ttarre it. passed to wrath tMld
anger, it led tha.t pure nwn to sluune H·nd destruction. Iu Geraint a.ncl Elnid, the shadow of their crhne had fallen but not fart:aUy. In B!a1lan a11d Balin, it. lerd to Yi ,olenet', the destruction of the two brothers. In Pell€as ancl Etta.rre it breaks and d en1oHshes the Idea of the court of Arthur and rolls its destructive IUHines ag·ains1t, the throne. In the last tourna1nent it's saturaJed waters rise to dPstrov it entirclv.
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"NAT'URE'S CAI..~~L."
Francis .A ... Cleary, '11. In dr(:"all1Y da.ys of Bninrner,
\\'hen nature's d ecked in rarest bloon1, I long to dwell in musing,
vYith birds sweet Inusic to entune.
I long to roan1 in woodla.nd, And there to hold conver:se, a.lone,
"\Vith none but trees a1nd wild flowers, To cheer n1e, or join in my tone.
!F'or natnre then js greater, · \Vhen bea~uties' eha1rm·S grow in the wild, For there you roa1n to meet her,
And see her love, that's unheguiled.
To know her is to love her, '!"'here's rnusic found in ev'ry dell,
Thoug•h fa,r and wide I wander, With nUJture, I 'vill ever dwell.
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THE · VIA TORIAN. Published •;zonthly by the students of St. Via!Qr College, Bourbo1mais, Illinois. -----·-----------------~---
EDITORIAL STAFF
FRANCIS A. CLEARY, '11, Editor in Chief.
JAMES A. LO.WNEY, Assistant Editor '
Associate Editors.
JAMES M. FITZGERALD, '11. JEREMIAH P. O'MAHONEY, '11. R. J. LEGRIS, '11. E. J. SOULIGNE, '11,
E. J. QUILLE, '11.
Ent-ered at the Bourbonnais Post Office as second-class matter
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EDITORIAL.
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The day has at las,t arrived \vhen we n1.us.t bid fond fa,re~
weil to our Abna1 l\1ater and1 ouT" Golle!gi€1 Ho1ne. T'heis:e \vans which, for tihe past' four years: have shelteTed us · a1nd nourished! .our fondness for learning,
Grad-ua-tion. n1uS;t ·be left behind. Our eollege education is a,t an end and we n1ust now -st:ep . forth into the great world, . there· to take up a'r1nsr in ' the
evecyda;y ba,ttles of life . . Little do \Ve know 0r realize what the world has in stol"'e for us:; but co1ne as· it may, we n1:uHt m·ee:t it fa,ee to ,fa,e¢. The sa~:rre pe1'·s,erve:rance which has ch:a:r-acterj~Zed our wo-rk in school must still be ret:ained1 through life, and likmvis,e, _:th~. s~aJ.n·~ ·coU,rage ,vhich has actuated us to continue on in our . endearv0•r f.orr a . high:ea."" education vV'i1l still re1n.ain with usl .. Our :eclu·ca!t.ion . i1s not~ · ye:t con1p:letecl,
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·our labors ·ha:ve ju~,t com·meneed, ·our m·ental fa1culties1 will .no·w 1neet the~r tesrt.. T'he great lessons we ha,ve derived from intereoul~ste ·with our tiea<{!hers will Feinain 'fr·eHh in oUT! n1emor1"Y thl"\)ughout life. The wol'"ldJ needs us and i.s waiting for our helping hailld to lend a,s1sistanc.e in the whirl of life. M·oldern .fields of thought have openeld grea,t t .racts for nwnta:l a.s ·w·en as ~physical cultivation, the mind n1ust follo'v the hmntd wherev·eT jt ,goes and direct it a,ecordingly. _ Let us. go: forth then with these thoughts befoJ;"e our 1nind and so eon1plete life's jou;rney as well as we h:arve finished OlH college eours.e.
Th~ world is in need of strong, upright and persevering young men to labor n the various lines o.f vvork which are
Need of the College
Gra,dua.te in the lVorl'cl.
·calling maJn to their aid. Our o·wn eoontry is caHing us, the nation needs us:, and the cause of truth and liberty ·which traditi01n has h:anded down to us must be protected and perpetuated-. - T'he world needs strong men and
these n1en n1us·t harve the eourage of their convictions, they must possess an unquestionable character. an indo1nitable will po:wer and a fia,ithfulness to a well defined. putpose:. The eorvet:e'Cl. g1oa.l of worldly suceeiSIS is in the reach of all and our an1rbitio'n n1u.st not be lacking.. lVJen 11e!ed the influence of one anothe11~ in o1~der to kee.p up theh'" courage and the College GradUJarte can srurely do much to ·elevate the s.ta.nda.Dd set up by mankind in gene'l··al. · vV·e can the:n share jn the suece-ss1 of others, 've can ellljoy their pre1stige inJ society · and' outJ of socie·ty. Let us: then' · bea!l~ in Illlind that we haiVe a, great. work bef0re us and' so labor that we will conquer not orn:.z'e but fo·r e!Ver and all.
T'he Oa1tholic graduate is son1ething more than a, mere intellectual machine, for, besides J1h; n1entaJ fa,culties, his moral
cha:ra~ct:er has received its share of school Tho L·essons tra.ining. R:eUgiou. ha.s eTitered into orur work
1Ve H a~e B een while here a.t school and has guided us in our Taitght. every aletion, so that in the end, we n1ay s.tand
f0.rtbi nortJ only intellectua~, but ·n1ore than this moraJly traline!d mi€[).'. Men with high .ideals . and ·a .dght <roneeptiODJ Of life antd ·the world'. Ljtt.le ;progress would we .grarlu-
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ates have made, without this influence, at. every turn, for it is .a1bsolutely necess-ary to man's· welfare. As we depart from orqr cla1ss:es we will ca,rry with us n1ore than n1.ere books1 can imply, and shaH strive to ren1ain true to religion .in whatever cmlling, we will ha,ve chosen. We C3Jn elevate our fellowme·n in the world! to the saa111e conception of thjn~sr which we ha~e a1nd so increase and! not decrease the laborersr in the vineyard of Christianity, for no true1r wo-rds could ever be voiced tha!Jl these: "The ha,rves~t is indeed great, the ~laborers few."
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~ SOCIETY NOTES ~
As the .sun of festivity is ahout to s~e't. in the so·cial world of college life it would! be un~pard·ollla.hle to overlook the ~r.and success which has been, featurr'ed in its course of ten 1nonths. WitJhout doubt the socia,l influence which has been dis:tributed throug1horut the student body will hot be without its l:"esults and merits~. Its brilJiancy was 1nor1e pow·erful than ever bef<J·re and those ·wlio h.arvo ba~sked in its: fulness know too weill Hs influence in dispelHng a:ny cloud of dre1arrine,ss or discouragement and in welding a1 strong link in the bond of goodfellowship and! co-operaition. Much wholeson1e fruit is expect'" ed in the yield of thesre sroods of ·S'QICial activity of this yea:r, when they have been properly nourished! in the rninr¢1-H of thosre ·who have been ext;~etmJely ~ortun.atle to harve pr.epa1red: their hearts at the tilne of their d'ist.ribut.i,on.
In going over the year the Senior class was the first to a1ppear, above the horizon. October w.as the time of its a~ppe~uance. for on the. sixth of that n1onth the Senior class ten-
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<.lered an ela.borate1 sunoker to. the underclas.s men. lVIany notable persona~ges gra1ced tihe occas;ion with their presence. About, two months la1ter the S.eniors ag:a,in appeared unde:r an entirely diffe,ren:t light. T1he gla,re of the spot. lights attra~cted the1n very much and' a,s a means to s.a.ti,sfy this fascination they underrtook the diffilcult ta;s:k of presen;t.ing "The Private Secretarr:y." Brillia1nt success crowned: their atte:n1pts1. Indeed it was s·o w·e!ll perforn1ed thart shortly a,ftei"'"\vards they again, pres:ent.ed it before an ove:r-crov\rded· house in Rantoul, Ill. T1he "Fire Dla;y Olelebrarti101n" reCLounds1 1nuch to their credit and ability. These with a1 few n1ore- incid:entai' festivities, give e:vidence o1f .a1 true, loyal and· s~ince1re spirit, a spirit which will guidle the follo:"\ving clws~s~es. through t.oil to success aiJ.d which ·will a1lways be remen1bered in the class org1a.nization of nineteen elerven.
/ The Juniors., Sophon11ores, and FresJnnen ha.ve already shown thmnselves tru:e n1,e:t.a:l a,nd as a ITI.a1tter of prediction it will not be unrea1sonaible to say, · tha,t c1as1s organization at St. Via:tor will a,ttain very grea,t proporti-ons: next yeall." especially when: such al body of classn1en ·will constitute the Ine3$ure of its' a:dvancenTe:nt.
T'he Juniors enterta1ined with a splendid spread a1nd .. s111oker, and the fine spirit a.nd good fellowship shown a,t this reception will longi be re:niemhered. The S.oph.om.ores and the Fre1s:hmen tendered the S.eniors a1nd' Juniors: one of the most elaborate ba1nquets -ever given to the hig~her classe1s. Both of these affair:s will long re1nain bright remJe1nbra.nces in the hea,rt~ of every clwssmen.
T1he Moza,rt Glee club under the able directiQu of Bro. SheridmnJ halVe more th:alllJ once dein0ns,trated· their love for the. clwss:ic'a1l a1ndl iDJ anothe1r year ·Should make great progress a:long the vocal line. Perhaps a concert tour of the state will b~ made in the near future to demonstrwte to the public tha1t as singers, "we a!l"e there."
St. Via1tor's Ac-olythic-a,l society held its annua,l picnic on May 23 a1nd' the a(ffa.ir was enj0yed by all. This society has enjoyed groo.,t success this year and has well served! the pur-
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pos·e for 'vhich -it has been -instituted, tha,t of ·se1~in~ a,t the ,a,Itar. ;
St. Patrick's Litera1•y a!lld Debati-ng society has ha,d a most succe-s:sf'ul ye1a:r. '1"1-le pwrpose of tlris: institution was hig;hly remlized at the org:aJniz;ation?s, la,~:t baiilquet.. The t:r.ans:itional p€tri,od betwee!ll bud aind b1osso·lll: had be:en rapidly but completely pass,ed over and in th,e tvasts, of that evening the voice of the novice wa,s as cleail .. toned a:s those of the masters. Let it be said a:ga:in this societ(Y has wccmnplished 1nuch that is truly grea,t andJ cl urable.
The Science so,ciety can boast o.f no better year. The opening of the iH~rw· club roK)iln, the invftations1 and the visit o·f Dr. \V.alsh are fa1cts which testify, for thmnselves'. Although this is the younges't s:o.ciety at the coUege yet it c.an pride its.elf with aJ very }ail~ge enrollment. Let the work of the pa:st yeaT ser've a,s: an ilnpetus fo1r the ne:x:t andi then the Science society 'vill be putting brave .a,nd strong m·en into the field to fight the enemy of t~uth alvng scientific lines.
T'he lioly N allne society still in the period of its infancy, gives evidence of "~axing s.trori-g as aJ pe:rn1a.nent institution whose object a.nd ajrn should be dearly eherislhed in the hea1rts 0f all thos:e who r'everenee the name of J es:us,.
:fff.ore glory t0 the The:sp~ia.ns. Three pla~s have rece~ived the energizing activity of the rn·embers of this society, and these three will always be re1m·mn:berecl as the "hit.s?' of th(3' season for they were rendered by persons of ·whon1 much wiU be expected when they join the profesiS'iona:l raJnks.
•• Echoes tro1n the Pi.n,.es)) is a. credit to the old instituti.:>n fron1 which it ha1ils. B1eot:hoven is treated: in a Ina:st.e~rly style and1 Brow';ning is given a harlf hour's considera~tiou. Eileanor's Sacrifice, a ,story~ having a· vvell constructed plot. ''BiographicaJ Studies" inelude so1ne of the grea1t hnn:ina,ries of the Oarth.:>lic chur'ch. The poetry adds not a• little to this ex,cellent m·onthly.
'l'he S. V. C. Stu.den,t of the St. Vincent's College, Los A.ngeles, Oa:l., teem . .s \vith good, soUd, sensrihle articles, the product of careful study on the pa~rt. of the ·writers.. A work
. for a United Oatiholie Laity den1ands: the absolute .necessity of conce;rted effv1·ts on the pa:rt of Catholic la,ymen in order to counteract the t,e1ncleneies of the daiy. The church hars; been art.t:a!cke9 b~y coneerted effort and why not act a1s one:, unite, organize and def'end her? 'Vh;a,t school life means to a 1nan . is developeidJ in . an ins1tructive ess:a1y. T~venty Gero.tu1ry Graduates is a series of articles now running for son1e thne in the S. V. C. Stude~nt. Tlhis is aJ gvod feature of a college paper for it bind-s the alun1ni to their Ahnal ~1a~ter, keeps in touch with t1heir sueces.s andi keeps1 the a,luinni posted in the happening art their .. AJmJru a1M:t!er.
The ((Yollt·ng Ea,gle)} al waurs poised with rich thought no\v treats us with an inter,esting a,rticle on the "Catholic Pries1t" in popula1r litera1ture. A well 1nade coinpmris.oDJ between 'Voodsworth anct Bryant sho·ws an intimate kno·wledge vf the tnerits of these two poets. Bryant owesn1ueh to 'i\T oods-vvo~rth, , for his: poen1s a>rus.ed the AmeriC'aJili poet to action.
1-\.. new exchatnge has been a~clded tv our list-Th.e U n.i.v-er.si.ty Sym,.pos·i.u.1JL,) published b~ the student body of the Ca,tholic University. D. C. As the University towers above a,ll seats of 1Parning of its kind so does The Symposium.~ aitn to eclipse aill eoHege a~ndi univer1sity publications. Its~ nH,tto, "D~us Lux ~1ea" is surely a guiding star in the reahn.s o,f thought. The poen1 "When the Evening Church Bell Rings,"
3 66 THEi VIATORIAN
·of the April is.sue, is faultles~s Dhyhine, bearutifui thoughts: ~nd choice clothing make it a perfe:et poetie gem. ''T'he L1ttngu:a:ge_ of Gast.ile" shows the nece;ssity and advant1a1ge of a knowledge of the Spanish tongue if one wishes to arva,U hin11self of th@ possibilities whieh the new poss1e!s:s.ions. v.ff'e:r. Poe is deaJlth with art length, and baJs,eb~ll poets are 1nuch in evidence. Tl1le poem "Base:baill" would do justiee to the g'reat poert 'T'. A.. D~a1ly 'vho ilnitates the It~aHa1n so well, however, John Jay , Daly has Inast.ereld! the diruleet a;nd "Ba.seball" is: the result. Tran.sla1tions frmn the Irish i,s an rubl-e eontribution to the cDluinns of the Sy1nposiun1. T'he ed'itorj,a_~ls, news of the1 n1ont:h and several short poen1s enhanee the lit,erail"J value of this young but s~turdy 1nonthly prubliea1tion.
((The ]!l orning Sta.r)) fron1 Cvneeption, Co., has a· cmnprehens,ive article on the neees:sity o.f Inora,l refonn in our c-ountry. The writer cites ex:amples of n:altions. W'hieh laeked llliOral.s with ~he ine:vitaihle result--.:cL·e,ca~r. He enunnerates Jh~ ervHs and vice1s prevalent and offers one re1nedy-1~·e'ligion, in the hmne, a,nd in the sehool. "A LeiSS'O·n frvnl. Tharekeray" throw·f3 ru few s.id'e lights on the place he holds in the literature of the world.
arpJw ]J o·unt St. Jo-seph Oolle,rpia.n n1ight well be s.tyledr a "Juclso:n" nun1her. All th·e literary produetions of the 1\!Iay iesue a;re eontributecl by one writer- a. 1nany sjded ge:nius·.
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PERSONALS
. Rev. Stephen ~1c :.Mahoill reeent.ly ord~ained to lJoly pries~~ -
hood has been appointed to the Church of our Lady of Lourdes RaNens:wood, to a1s1sisrt R.erv. F. N. Perry.
Rev. J. L. O'Donnell anothm· one1 of our Se1ninarians1 just ordad.nre!Cl! has been aippointed to the Ohurch of the ~Iaternity, Chicago, to a,s:s:ist the R.ev. F . Ca.ra,her.
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Loui's ~f. O'Cionnor, '07, who "\Vill be ordained to the hvly pries1thoodi b:y Rt. R,ev. E'. lVI. Dunn'.e, D·. D., at S~. ~Iary's Oa:thedra,l, Peoria, Illinois:, will sing his' first Solmnn l\1ass at .
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T·HEI VIAT'OR.IAN 36,7
A:rlington, Illinois, on t:he. fift.e!enth o1f June. Mr. O"Conno~r is ·well kno·wn at St. Viartor whe:re he reee:ived h'is, B. ~L\.. degree . aind the congratulart.ions of all his1 friends- go out to, hiln on the eve111t. .o~ this grrund. d:aiJ.
E1nory l\1unson ·who 'vas with us' in '08 is 1nakl.ng a nan1e for hin1self on the 1\II'ichigan, ba1seball tea1n.. "T'roy" ·will be
, rmne1n bered here, borfh as .a\ footbaU and b~.seha,U In an. B1e1st wisheg f0r his1 success.
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John J. Oosgrove with us in '09 w'ill this year receive the degre'e -o·f Ba,chelo1r of Arts at St. Berna:rcl's Se1ninary, R.o,chestelr, New York. "Oos" \Va~~ pres~icle:nt of our 191~ · cla:ss while here. _GongTatulations, and best, wishes.
John B. Kissa,ne, sta1r endl on our 1911 football te:a1n has left s~ch0ol to take1 cha1rge· of busrines:s: a:ffair:s, at hmne. "Johnnie" besides being a1 footlbaill s·tar ''ra,s one of the gre:a.t five, who carried off the basketball chan1pionship. Best wishes. .
.. Messrs. E. l\!IcCaffery arncl 0. Maa:tin were reeent visitors wHh P. l\fcC!aiffery a,t, the college·.
Re:v. ,IV. J. Cllifforcl has returned frmn Ohainberlain, S. Da,k., to rest up for the1 Penla,inder of the year, following an attack of s1evere sickness.
Rev. P. E. Brown Hails this 1110nth on an extensive tour of Erurope. IFr. Brof\vn will re1nain d''urin@ the sunnner n1onths. Bes~t: ·wishes for a safe a1nd pleasant, voya,ge.
l\1r. Gla,rencel P. Clonwa:y and Tho1na,s O'Brien will be eleva,t;ed to the rank of 'holy pr ie,sthood on June the t.e·n th. l\II e:s.srs'. Conway and.' O'Brien r'e1ce:ived 1ninor orde~rSJ recently with J. O;Cbnnor a:nd l\L D'oiiahue who will 0,lso' be ordained· this month.
·;·.l"' An1ong the recent vis-itors at the college ·were the ~Iis·s!es ·F- Alice and E'rin L,edcly, B. Halla,raln, S. Quille, a.lso l\1r. and r~ Mrs. 'IV a.rre'n, 1\!Ir. 0. E:. L~ein·eln, the R.ev. Fr'S'. Parker of Ohe-.R#I:- ba,ns(~, Dturkin of Rantoul; L~ln'ie' of :Monrence, Shiel of Ohi-1~}f, ff eago, Armstrong of F 'arm.·eT· City. ~· '
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BE'R;N·AR.D· COSS. Once n1ore we a.re~ ca:llecl to chton!cle the pass-Ing of a~n-
. other of "our bloys" into the big leagues. Bernard Oos·s, captain of our 1911 b:a1s:eball n1ad1ine ha,s at last signed. a . NationaJ lea.gue eontrwct amd will leave shortly to join the ranks- of lVIgr. Chance's Clhica.go Cubs'. ".Lefty" has. been with us for three years, during which tiine he ha;s n1.ore thau d·enlonstrated his ability a1s a pitcher an·g nat.uraJ-born player. He . has developed ·with -wonderful rapidity and almo:st from. tho tilne he ha:d donned a 'Va1rsity suit has1 shown n1os.t renlarrkable for1n. vVith experience and careful training there is no doubt but tha1t this "S.outh.paw wonder" "~ill burn up the leagu·e a,nd be of n1uch us:e in .supporting the OubJSJ pennant hope:s. The pruss,ing of "Bernie" is but another exan1ple of the trad:n.ing that college baseball a,nd. 1no·re especially our o'Yn St. Viator ba,s,ebaH is doing towa~rds developing great 1nen in baseball. Stack of the "Phillies:," ~1'c0arthy of Pittsburg, Kelly amd Ba:chant of Des 1\1oines a1re other pl~oductS~ of "1hos:e abilities -"~e 1n.a:y boast. Lefty le1a~ves with the best wishes · of every s.tudent of St. Viator atnd he1 will long be re1n€Inbered in the annals · of our grea1t ba,s1ebaU history a,s one of "our bes:t."
St. ·via tor, 11; Loyola,, 4. Headed by aJ brass ba1nd · playing Ina~rtia1 strains and a~c
emnpa:nied: by a1 fe:w· hopeful follo·wers-, Loyola caJne to Bergii1 li"'~ield to take up the is,sue of baseball wHh the 'Var:sity. Bu.t ii:he more the band tooted' and the faiNlfu.l rooted they only served as an excellent accompaniment to. the tune o·f footfa,lls on the honw~ plate, sounded by St. ·viafor. Tlhe fielding of t:he locals· wa,s sha'I·p while , they hit the pelbble. fla;t on the sealln for the one 1nore thaar v·ctave s:e-ss.ion. YVith the 1nerry air o~ the "Aero;pla1ne A-gony" R-yan stra:ight.way left this, bea,u.tiful earrth a,ndJ aHow-ecll five runs to1 filter a1coros·s, while! Qua~n, w·:ho had t.he Indsfor'tune· to succeed hin1 wa1S' a1lso ve1ry n1ueh. a,ffected b~ the worshipers of Pa,n, and: worked out of hannony, whils~ the dis1c0'l~d was terrible. O'Oonnell w•a,s: keyed to' a. high pit,ch and pitched a heady artitc1e of ball. At no thwe
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THE·: VIATOR:IAN 369
w:as the,re· .dange'r. FouJl~ doubles a:nd; two triples1 ·with five individuaJs tortaled the wQ.H.oping~ tl1e sphere and R~an wnd Q.ua.n received. l\fo1ynihan _·aindr Scanlan platyed. the highe~t kind' of baH, ·whHe Be1rgp_n reeeivetd in his nl;ost becon1ing nl:a:nner. A cas'e of two n1uch O'OonneH a.ncl too n1uch 1nusic can be counted aiS 'rea1son~S< f0r defeat. Elgg1e:rt. and "D·utch Corbin'' showed the Inost1 ba,s1ebarll a1bility .for the Jesuits: .
.S ~ . Viator, 11. R. H. P. A. E. Loy-o :a, . 4. R. H. P. A .. E. Moynihan, lf. . . .. 2 3 1 0 .0 Eggert, ss. . . ... 1 2 3 0 0
· O'Connell, Moynihan. .Sac:r:ifice hits: O'Connell, :Scanlon, Pecha us. Double plays: Leinen-Scanlon and Quille. :Struck out: by O'Connell ( 9) , by Ryan (1), Quan ( 8). Bas2s on ba ls: off o ·ccnne:l ( 3), off Ryan (1), Quan (1). Umpire: Reading.
St.. Viartor, 6; DePaul, 4. DePaul ·with a~ fa:st bunc:h of hall pla~rers presented us
with one of the 1nost. interesting ancl exciting g1<:H11es of the seas on. "Oub" C'oss \vns on the 1nound for the 'Varsity and h.eh~l the northerner.s to a quatrte:t, vf scruttered bingles., a!ncl c:an~·ing: nh1-e to die withourt. s•tepping fron1 the plate. De~Paul star·~ .ed· .opera;t,ionsr in the: third when D:o,lam poked one through that la,nded hin1 a,t fi,rst. O"D'onnell who 'va~s helpless. before "Lefty" struck out and Brennan squeezed on a fielders choice. ~'Ohaunce" Heena;n, the ne1a1t second: sa1cker f.Juncl one . to his liking a.nd poled out a half circuit. U})ptrl1'Cut but ove:rslid tl~e
· sa,ck, tsvo runs. counting. The locals- didn't open up until t.he sixth s·es.sjon when DePaul lost a1 little self control. Doen1-ling 'ra.s ha:nde'Cl lds fatre to the first ·sto•p·p.jng place, ·which
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Scanlan imn1€dia.tely dittoed. OoS:sr feeling the: need of th·e 'Va.rsrity n1an re1a1ching the judge.'s· s•tand, t.\V\)' s:a.cked one and counted. Do€mling. L.yneJ1· forced Scanlan, and both Ooss a,nd Lynch taillied on Byrners 1niscue of 'V a,rner's dus:t ra.is.er. DePaul ea[lne rigfut after us in the seventh, and forged a.herad, when Scanlra.n pulled Wa,rner o~ff on McDona,ld's roller, Do1an got a warlk and! Or' Do1nneill laid1 down a1 neat s:a,crifice. Brennan surprhs.edi aJl by connecting for a .s:ingle! and 1nakinng· the con:te1st 4-3. "Auburn" L1e,inen knotted· it ag•a,in in the same period by kindness o1f "l\1a~rk" Kea,rns' fumbling his' roller, and scoring when Brennan hea~ved: to. center in an endeavor to catch hin1· off second. Then ca1ne the e-ig·hth and B.rennan lost his control by end'eavoring~ to \Vaiyla(Y Scanlan and Lynch. "R.ed" 'i\Ta.rner :a~w~a.ys a clalllgerou ~sr n1a,n in a pinch, found one to his liking a,nd! s:eored both runners: 'vith a douhle to center. DePaul triedJ ha['d to even up but Ooss. was. n1a1ster of the s:it.uation throughout, and! even a S'en1blacnce of ai· hit was ilnpos~s,ihle. Leinen played a, ~ood ga:Jne in the field, kererping the DePa~ulite.s in constra.nt fea;r of hi,s wing. vV:a1rner als.0 was in his usual fine fettle and COUipled with the barttery work, WOlll the day. "Dneky" Q?Cionnell of re1cent mmnory reeehred for D·ePaul but wa1s woe·fully weaik at the stick.
St. Viator, 6. R. H. P. A. E. DePaul, 4. R. H . P. A. E. Moynihan, lf. . ... 0 0 1 1 0 w. Kearns , ss ... 0 1 1 1 .1 Kelly, ,2b .. . .. 0 1 2 2 2 Heenan, 2b . . . .. 0 1 0 2 0 .Scanlon, 3b .. .. .. 1 0 2 0 1 s. Kearns, Jf .. . . 0 0 1 1 0 Coss, p .. ... 1 1 0 8 Byrne, 1b . . . . . . 0 0 8 0 1 Lync·h, cf. . . . . ... 2 0 1 0 0 O'Connell, c .. .. 0 0 8 1 1 Warner, 1b .. .. .. 1 1 8 0 1 McDonald , d .. .. 1 0 2 1 0 Quille, ss . . . . . . . 0 0 4 0 l Dolan, 3·b .. . . .. 2 1 1 0 1 Leinen, rf. . .. . . . 1 1 1 0 0 O 'Donnell , rf. . . . 0 0 3 0 0 Bergan, c .. ... 0 1 8 2 0 Brennan, p .. ... 1 1 0 1 1 Do em ling, 2b .. . .. 1 0 0 1 0
- - --G 5 27 14 5 4 4 24 7 5
R. H. E. St. Viator ... 0 0 0 0 0 3 1 2 X 6 5 ' 5 DePaul . ... .. 0 0 ·,
2 0 0 0 2 0 t) 4 4 5
Stolen ba~ es: 0' Connell, Dolan, Le~nen. Two-base hits: Leinen, Coss, Warner, Heenan. Sacrifice hits: Heenen, O'Donnell. Double p lays: Coss-Kelly and Wqrner; S. Kearns~Heenen and Byrne. Struck out: by Coss ( 9), Brennan ( 5). Bases on b.g,lls: off Coss -( 5), Brennan ( 5). Umpire: Rea~ing.
THE! · VIATORIAN , 371
St. Via:to~r, 10; Beloit, 8.
Shakespea1re's "Oioinedy of E1rrOI4s7' was neve·r be~tter enacted th~n when St. Viart,or ~andr Beloit !net on the di,a.m0n;d. Had it .not been for the . work of s1tage rnanag~er Oos1s who smoothed ove.r the 1ni·s:cues, the thrilling. play would not harve been so succes;s;ful. Hot ·weather Illla0' harvei caused the er1~o:rs, brut aftecr." ail they ·will be forg0.tten. B·eloit?s twirler pit.ching a baH every -five Ininutes . whiffed 12 of the Varstty. Six stolen brus,es by the locals1, and: the! work of Oos~s and: 1\1oyniihan featured. Our old' friend' "1\fmtty" Fitzpatrick wa·SI back ·on the job with his ee!l ehra ted' ten or .
.St. Viator, 10 R. H. P. A. E. Beloit, 8 . R. H. P . A. E .. Moynihan, lf .. . .. 1 2 1 0 0 :Rowell, 2b .. ... 1 0 1 1 1 Quille, ss .. ' .. .... 3 0 0 1 2 Selleseth, c .. .. 0 3 12 0 l S ·canlon, 3b .· . . . . . 0 0 3 4 0 Landing, ss .. ... 3 2 0 1 0 Coss; p .. . . . . ... 1 2 1 5 2 Sleep, d .. .. 0 1 2 0 :f Lynch, cf. . . . .... 1 1 2 1 0 Fucik, rf .. . . . .. 0 0 0 0 0 1Warner, rf-1b .. ... 1 1 G 0 0 Funk, 3b . . . . .. 0 2 0 1 0 Doemling, 2b!. ... 1 0 1 1 2 Pearsall, lb .. ... 1 1 7 0 0 Fitzgerald , lb .. . .. 0 1 4 0 1 Buelow, 1f. . .. . 1 1 o. 0 0 Leinen, rf. . . . ... 1 1 0 • 0 0 Titsworth , p .. .. 2 1 2 4 2 Bergan, c .. .. ... 1 1 8 1 1 Con~ay, r f .. .. . . 0 0 1 0 0
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10 9 27 13 8 8 11 24 7 5
R. H. E. St. Viator ... 1 1 0 0 0 6 0 2 X 10 9 8 Be~oit .. ... 1 0 0 3 0 0 1 0 3 8 11 5
Stolen bases: !Moynihan, Quille, Goss ( 2)' L ynch, Leinen, Rowell, Fucik, Funk. Two-base hit~;": Landing. Double plays: Titsworth and PearEall. Struck out : by Coss 6, by TLsworth 12. Bases on balls: o ff Coss 2. off Titsworth 6. Umpir2: Fitz·patrick.
T'HE: T 1E .Al\!I.
Omptain Olo~·s, '14, premier pitcher of the Varsity, deserves to be C'Oininended f01r the 1n.a.nner in which he piloted the tea.m thr0ug-h the sea,son. "Lefty" eerta1inly knows how to fill his opponents with featr when he is1 on the n1ound dishing out his eonsignn1ents1 of va;rieg~atedi gnodsi. He also in1-· parts confidence t o those pl:a!Jring 'vth hinl·, disp1alys a,t. an tiines an accurate know'ledge of the pas.t tinie, and field:s: his position like a; fiend. Besides being a great pitcher he als0•
372 THE! VIATORJAN
enjoys the 1~eputa•tion of being aJ clerver wielder of the sticlr never failing to connect art urgent n1oments. 'rhis is· L,efty's la1st, yea,r on the team, as he ha:s. UJlre:ady signed a "Oub" eontract.
Bergan, '14, the secondl me1n1be!r of our greatt battery has certainly developed into a phenotnenal ca.tcher. Being "Danny's" first year in basebaill notJhing gre,art;, \V"US: expected \)f hinh But to the s'urpris1e of alll he ha1s a,lready attatin.ed a. g'rea.t portion of tlfat wonderful ' 'Kling-like" perfection. A true and speedy whip IllUS't aJso be mentioned! :atrnong the qualitie:st of his great ahHity. His use of the wiUmv gives evidence of a forth coming bwtter. "VVeleoane back ag1a1in you "kid" a.ncl in.a,y · the best of .sucees1s• alwa,:ys sn1ile upon you.
Scanlon, '13, has' d eveloped \Vonderfull:y during his t\vo years playing on the t.eanl. ThiSi yea:r he \V'a:S) seen guatr'Cling the third landing a,pd was 'sure to nalil those vvho were too anxious to see :first a1ncl those who1se who1 had' no i·eason to go lton1e. A good judge of grounders, a, qnick perce1ption a1nd an a,gile and gra,ceful plaG'e'r Il1!aid:e "Harry" the "gilt,-edged-' :fielder he js,. His batting eye wa1~ bet;ter than ever and hiB base runni_ng splendid! allld dashing.
O'Connell p1ayed in: his old\ tiJn,e fo-rn1. He kept the enl:mlY a,t bay \Vhile on fil"!S't and. would n1ake then11 break their backs in wn effort to conne·ct \vitth. his, spit baH slides. Of course an are acquainted with the fa1cts: that "Bert" pitrehecl a head:y gao.ne and was a1 power a.t the bat. l\1uch n1ust be · said of "Bert's" devotednes~s to the te:a:m for al great d·eal of his ti;me was en1ployed in eowching the aggre:g~ation.
Quille, '11, a,t short ,srtop was one o,f the succe1ss•es of the season. vVith a1 little 1nore e,xperience the "brother'' will d~ velop into a1 1nagnificent pla1yer. "Eid'·st' flashy fielding· during the s1eas.on wa,s \Yell nigh pe1rfe1ct. I-Iis "vving" is good, his judg111'ent ·clear a1ndJ his ea1rriage g~r:aeeful. His ba1tting featured, a,nd it is safe to s:ay that, t'the kid" will ere long be gra.dng the maj o,l"Js·.
1\!Io:ynihan, '14, kept the left, field g;a,rclen in perfect con~ clition. No ruthless ravages; ever occurred within hi.s. pren1-ises. His' flee.tne1ss, wing1 a1nd hatt;ing, eye point to a splendid and successful future. "l\llon~·" will be1 \vith us; agarin next, year, as this iS' his :fir:s.t year on the tean1.
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THE' VIAT'ORJAN· 373
· VVarner, '13, w;as one o1f the n1ainsta:ys of the team. H e pitched in good form., fielded erxeeHently in right · arnd1 w1as a whirhvind at ·fir,s:t. "Red?' 1nay well be designated the "utilH.y 1nanl' of the tearrn. His bmtting e~e is1 keen and: he has always been regalrded as the dangerous, n1an a:t bat.
Lynch, 13, tilled! the soil in the center lot:. JYiany a rally died in "Jerry's" hands~ . The principle feartures of his fielding1 welee alacrity of jud,gme~nt and accurateness in throwing. He barttecl ,,,.en a.nd. raDJ the ba·ses, in: a, heady manner. J erTy will be with us a1gain.
"Sol" Doemling, '14, shared much of the Varsity's glory by his P'erf:on11:ance at second. This is "Sol's~ ' first year in big con1pany, coming directly froin the·. Junior's aggl'lega,tiorn o.f laJSt :year. "Sol's" wing1 is porwerful and his playing: very heady. "Reel" Kelly w·a1s Doe'lnlin~.s~ cmnpanion at second. This a1lso was "R,ed's" first :yeall' o~n the tea,In. A litt1e: 1nore experience will ma!ke hin11 a pla:yer of prorJ.nise and a~n eqpal to his brothe1r, the coach of Notre Dame.
Fit,zgera,Id, '11, deser.rV·e·s mucih credit for his showing. "Jimmy" performed in right field: and a.Is,o: art. fh~st, and ·w,a,s a.lwa:ys fighting ha1rdJ to win. "O:apt." Fitz ·\viii be long re-
.Inmnbe.red for hj~~ greart .a.thleUc powm~S' . · Ha,rriso~n, '13, is a' con1ing pitcher. Wait until "T'o1mmy"
ha1s lopped; off ru ferw of the rough edg:es and then you will see: the "Ir,vin" boy appearing in the true forn1 of ·which he g·ives gr.eaiU prmnise.
"R,ed" L:einern ha,SJ the Inakin,gs! of "Ty Oohb" -with the srtick. Hjs fielding and 'vhip are s:plendid. This is R,ed's first year on the sqUJad.
"Fish" Saminon, 12, is no~ted for pulling down the long ones. "Bill" 'vill be given a better opportunity to sho·w his metal nexiJ ye:aLr.
T'oo m~uch caillnot. be sa,id ahotut the1 indefatigable wo'rl{ of :Manager Cilea,ry, '11. If the SJtudents haiVe spent 1nany a pleas:a,ntJ hoi1Jil'" iDJ wa1tching t1he varivus gM11'eis, they owe it an to "Frank." HiH Inarra,ger'jal a:bility hals been derrn:onsrtrated during the fo1otbwll UindJ ba1sketbaill sea,s·ons;. But in ba·s:eball he has Inounted higber thaiDJ ever. T:o hi's' untiring~ ef-
. forts w·e owe the splendid schedule. He knew too well the
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374 THEi VIATORIAN
standard o.f the Var:s.ity a,nd arranged aJ schedule accordingly. The g'rea~t univers:ities of the MiddJe vVest ·figured ther'<~on, ws also a ntunbe'r of min\)r colleg·es:. His: work ha:s been a grand -sucees:s allld one which wHl a:lways be ren1e1nbered.
J. A. L. '11.
"T'HE: JUNIOR'S."
Oa,pta.in T'im.1 Sullivam can boast of one of the be.st aggtegations that ever g·raced the Junio,r's· dian1ond. ·\Vith no other than our 1nueh es,t:e,ea.ned: Oo,a,ch Oarey at the he:a:d, the boys have de:veloped fasrt and s:trong. vVys,,)cke:, Zorilla, and Ostrowski harve all ·s~hwred.J in the pitching honors, ·with Sullivan a,nrd OrCJonnor aJS Cftitehers. Kek.ich. has' shown up in gra:nd forlni a:t first, while l\1ortell at s-eeond gives great pronlise of wond·eirful a1bility. Richards a1t :short is aJ natura;l born player and works like a big leag1uer in his. Jh)tS:ition. Gartland ha,s covered third' in fine style, and in a,nother year should develop into · a r.are platyer.. In the outfield, P. lYiortell, Ostrow-ski a1nd Kel'iher harve a:ll shaired the honors, ea.ch of thes.e na1D.1ed being rising lights in the ba,s,eball firn1a,ment. This year'.s teailn bears Inark'S of future Var:sity lniaJteria~l, and no dorubt will 3Jdvanee .aJ nUilllber of their lights into Va;rsity n1en within another yewr. Much credit bell)ng to the untiring effort~s of Gowch Oa1rey, and it is to his unfaHing judg1nent that the tean1 owes it's suecess.
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,THE VIATORIAN 375
LOCALS
-Here's whe1re vve start!
- "Se:ven com-e w 'leven.''
- 'Ve are now lewving to make roo1n for the weather mau.
-He's h e~rc ( som·.e 'here) .sun1me:r.
- · R.ed- I cove·r lots pf ground, bub I don't tnove fal5t enough.- (Yes, ought to 1noving in l\1a,y) .
-"T1ont ha1s sharved f.or conll'nence'Inent." )
-vV e can all be in the ·swhn now.- ·( Of course, these warrn da.yH). .
-If Dick B'~vry got s1t.ung, I wonder who shot Fl-nn? Ans. A. B.
- \Four yea;rs of college life and' then the usual B. A. ( Ovde for Big A.eeoulllt). · Oaps a~nd gown not included here.
- If Peevie went Hwhnming· YVould .they le1t R.ed Lein?in? No too 1nuch water.
-'Vith due apologies toT. A. D. for these.
-Just think tw:o yea1rS1 hence, another one-1VI. A: ( Oode for l\1ore Accounts~ ).
-"This ·waD'' to the coHege."-Oh, where do 've; get out? .
-AnotheT that caught our eyer--"Hea,vy loads in the rear." Of cours:e it is1 hard~ t.o make progress: thusly.
-In the Inea,ntime--Keep cViOI, while we're waiting on the refreshment~s.
-Those Oork Centers seem to be plugg'ing up a, lot of form-
n a 2 )i 4 4 ................
376
er holes' in the B·arts.-Goad •Srtoppers, perhaps., for s,t,rike:ont:s. ' -Won't you ploo:s~e take a chance ?-Oh, d~ take a, chance !
-Yur ad.-Oh deuce! ______+ ______ __
''DAY D·RE:A.:MS.''
-'Yhen the :fi.o,Yei"S bloom in springtin1e, vVhen the bugs and 'skeeter£- flit about, 'Vhen the sunburns and' the bliste:rs Smatrt a!lld' put youi' sleep . to rout. Then you cus1s and: hisrSI the weather, It's heat and hlosJS·Oins: put to s~corn;
Until the 'veart,her 1nan gets busy, And brings you cold instead of wa,rn1. Then you wish it "~as the summer, And. the blvrSIStOilllrS were bloon1ing onee nlo,re, "'\Yhen ·suddenly you. 'wake fron1 slu1nber 'l'b find the noise ,yas but a snore.
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- :Messrs. Galvin and R,jord:an: ha,ve consolidated in hopeiS tha:t equilibrium: will ·be esta:blished during the viraJ."m wea,ther.
- P oert.ry has taken quite a srlump of la;t.e:, owing to the photog:rarphers cratZe for capturing all poets at large.- Govd subjects for cartoons.
-'V alking, even, so1netiJn.es: . get·s to be a. tireso1ne exercis-e - late at night.
- Have you ever felt like you were 1nissed?
- DidJ you ever go fishing: and ca,tch cold?
- No, but I went svirimmin~ andJ got sunburned.
- .The priee 0 ·f .oil is ·surely .. going xtp· (:using <SO ·much ,petrol-eum for burns) .
-Yes, that is the :fine ~part ,.of it.
THE; VIATO'RIAN 3'7-7'
-Now 'vhatif ~. frost wDuld come jUJst b€fore we (leav~:)-:· leaf-we buds, 'Yottlcln't ft be killh1g? ·
-Here's where we end! .··~ .... ~.... ~~.··~··· ·~ ...
· -J'·Seen:~ yours ( Seni0•:rs) of todaiJr. of ton1.or1-.:o'v. ''
Ahuniirhnn, C~~~n!i}:ti) :
-Be· good!
-· ·vve're off to join the whiottle·r's citth~
s :oul i g-,n e. QuillE
0'MaboN'es · Fitzgerald
·LOwney C.Le.aRy
LegriS •tt
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