Staad Pro Notes

8/13/2019 Staad Pro Notes

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STAAD PRO V8i

Syllabus:

Chapter- 1:

1. Introduction To Structural Engineering

2. What is a Structure?

3. About STAAD.Pro V8i

4. Getting Started

Chapter- 2:

1. Starting STAAD.Pro V8i

2. Methods Of Model Generation

3. Translational Repeat

4. Circular Repeat

5. Insert Node

6. Add Beam

Chapter- 3:

1. Run Structure Wizard

2. Generation Structure Models

3. Merging the Generated Model in STAAD.Pro

4. Importing CAD Models

Chapter- 4:

1. Support Specification

2. Support Page

3. Member Property
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4. Member Offset

Chapter- 5:

1. Loading1

2. Loading2

3. Wind Load Generation

4. Assigning Wind Loads

Chapter- 5:

1. Analysis

2. Concrete Design

3. Time History Analysis

Chapter- 6:

1. Introduction to FEM

2. Plate

3. Surface

4. Meshing

Chapter- 7: (Slabs)

1. Desgin Of Slab

2. Design Of One Way Slab

3. Design Of Two Way Slab

4. Design Of Staircase

5. Design of Bridge using STAAD .Beava
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Chapter- 8: (Bridge Deck Preprocessor Worked Example)

1. Bridge Deck Preprocessing Using STAAD.Beava

Chapter- 9: (Steel)

1. Design Of Steel Structures

2. Member Specification

Table Member Property

Chapter- 10: (Seismic Loads Worked Examples)

1. Calculate Natural Frequency of a Building By Response Spectrum Analysis

2. Calculate Natural Frequency of a Building By Rayleigh Method

3. Calculate Natural Frequency of a Building By Modal Shape

Chapter- 11: (Wind Load Intensity Worked Examples)

Calculate Wind Load Intensity In a Building
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Chapter- 1:

1. Introduction To Structural Engineering

2. What is a Structure?


4. Getting Started

1. Introduction to Structural EngineeringStructural Engineering is a field of civil engineering dealing with analysis and design ofstructures that support or resist loads. Structural engineering is usually considered aspeciality within civil engineering, but it can also be studied inits own right. Structuralengineering are most commonly involved in the design of buildings and large non-building structures but they can also be involved in the design of buildings and largenon-building structures but they can also be involved in the design of machinery,medical equipment, vehicles or any item where structural integrity affects the itemsfunction or safety. Structural engineers must ensure their design satisfy given designcriteria, predicated on safety or serviceability and performance. Buildings are made toendure massive loads as well as changing climate and natural disasters.

Structural engineers are responsible for engineering design and analysis. Entry-levelstructural engineers may design the individual structural elements of a structure, for

example the beams, columns and floor of the building. More experienced engineerswould be responsible for the structural design and integrity of an entire system, such asbuilding.

Structural engineering depends upon a detailed knowledge of loads. To apply theknowledge successfully a structural engineer will need a detailed knowledge ofmathematics and of relevant empirical and theoretical design codes.
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Suitable only for two dimensional modes in x y plane with no loading ordistortions upright to this plane.

All loads and distortions are in the plane of the structure.3. Truss Structure:

Allows loading in any direction, but members only deliver axial resistance.Members dismiss resist bending or shear loads.

Allows three dimensional structures. Allows distortions in all three global directions. Coordinate system tracks right hand rule.

4. Floor Structure:

Suitable for two dimensional models in x z plane with loading and distortionsperpendicular to this plane.

All loads and distortions are corresponding to the global y axis.


STAAD.Pro V8i is the leading Structural Analysis and Design Software from Bentley. The

Letter i stands for intutive, interactive, incredible and interoperable. STAAD.Pro is the

professionals choice for steel, concrete, timber, aluminium and cold formed steel

design of virtually any structures including culverts, pertrochemical plants, tunnels,

bridges, piles and much more. Bentley sounds V8i is the most complete and noteworthy

release in its history, which took a total investment of over a billion dollars and extents

across the vast array disciplines with fundamental subject and assignment endures to

be Sustaining Infrastructure.


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1. Menu bar.

2. Tool bar.

3. Page control.

4. Main Window.

5. Data Window.

In STAAD.Pro V8i:

Geometry is theElements of your Structure. The Elements are given below:

Nodes Members (beams and columns) Plates (Slab, Walls and Raft Foundations) Surfaces (Slab, Walls and Raft Foundations)


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Nodes:

Stiffed Joint with 6 reactions. It is located at each end of the Beam and each corner ofthe Plate Nodes considered the essence of the geometry of any structure in STAAD.Pro.Each node holds the following informations:

Node Number. Node Coordinates in XYZ space.

Beam:

Any member in the structure, that can be beam, column, bracing member or trussmember. Beams are actually defined based on the Nodes at their ends. Each beamholds the following information:

Beam Number. The Node numbers at its ends.

Plates:

A thin shell with 4 node shaped element. It can be slab or wall element. Each plate willholds the following information:

Plate Number. Node Number at each corner of it.

Surface:

A thin shell in green color with mutli-nodded shape starting from 3 nodes and more. Itcan be anything of slabs, walls and raft foundations. It holds the following information:

Surface Number. Node Numbers at each corner of it.

Hardware Requirements:

The following requirements are suggested minimums. Systems with increased capacity

provide enhanced performance.

PC with Intel-Pentium or equivalent. Graphics card and monitor with 1024768 resolution, 256 color display (16 bit

high color recommended).

128 MB RAM or higher.


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Windows NT 4.0 or higher operating system. Running it on Windows 95 &Windows 98 systems is not recommended as performance may be degraded.The program works best on Windows 2000 and XP operating systems.

Sufficient free space on the hard disk to hold the program and data files. Thedisk space requirement will vary depending on the modules you are installing. A

typical minimum is 500MB free space. A multi-media ready system with sound card and speakers is needed to run the

tutorial movies and slide shows.

Chapter- 2:

1. Starting STAAD.Pro V8i

2. Methods Of Model Generation

3. Translational Repeat

4. Circular Repeat

5. Insert Node

6. Add Beam

1. Starting STAAD.Pro V8iCreating a Project:

Once you stared the STAAD.Pro application follow the instructions:

1. In the Project Tasks box, click New Project.

2. A New Project dialog box appears is shown below:
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3. Before starting a project, you must be aware of the type of structure. The structure

type can be defined as Space, Plane, Floor, or Truss.

Space:A SPACE structure, which is a three-dimensional framed structure withloads applied in any plane, is the most general. The loading causes the structure

to deform in all 3 global axes. Plane:The type of geometry, loading and deformation are restricted to the

global X-Y plane only.

Floor:The geometry of structure is kept at the X-Z plane. Truss:The structure transmits loading by pure axial action. Truss members are

considered to be in capable of carrying shear, bending and torsion.

4. Set the length units and loading units and click Next button.

Note: The units can be altered later if needed, at any point of the model creation.

5. Now Where do you want to go? dialog box appears. You have specify the method forbuilding
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Add Beam:Sets the program in the Snap Node/Beam dialog and snap grid toconstruct your model by creating new joints and beams using the construction grid,drawing tools and spreadsheets.

Add Plate:Sets the program up with the Snap Node/Plate dialog to construct yourmodel by creating new joints and 3-noded and 4-noded plate elements using theconstruction grid, drawing tools and spreadsheets.

Add Solid:Sets the program up with the Snap Node/Plate dialog toconstruct your model by creating new joints and 8-noded solid/brick elements using

the construction grid, drawing tools and spreadsheets. Open Structure Wizard:Opens the library of readymade structure templates

which can be extracted and modified parametric model standard, parametricstructural templates for trusses, surfaces, bay frames and much more.

Open STAAD.Editor:Allows you to build your model using STAAD syntaxcommands (non-graphical interface) through the STAAD editor.

Edit Job Information:Automatically opens the Job Information dialog box whichprovide information about the job (i.e. clients name, job title, engineers involved,etc.) before building your model.

2. Methods Of Model GenerationSTAAD.Pro V8i consists of three parts:

Pre Processor: Generates the model with all the data needed for the analysis. Analysis Engine: Calculates displacements, member forces, reactions, stresses,

etc.
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Post Processing: Displays the results of the analysis and design.Creating Nodes:

When you select the Nodes command in geometry menu, it shows a dialog box where

you can enter the joint coordinates.

After creating the joint i.e. entering the coordinates, you can able to see the joint in the

modelling area.

JOINT COORDINATES

i1, x1, y1, z1, (i2, x2, y2, z2, i3)

REPEAT n, xi,yi1, zi1, (xi1, yi2, . . . . xin, yin, zin)

REPEAT ALL n,xi1, yi1, zi1, (xi2, yi2, zi2, . . . . xin, yin, zin)
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Enhanced Grid Tool:

The options in Snap/Grid Node tools in the geometry menu have been improved to

1. Allow multiple grids to be created.

2. Import a DXF file and use it as be created.

3. Import grid files created in different STAAD.Pro model.

Beams, plates and 8 nodes solid element can be created using the suitable Snap/Grid

tool. When this function is propelled, the following dialog is opened which includes aDefault Grid. This grid will be of type linear, there are also options to create Radial,and Irregular grids.

As new grids are added or modified, the information is stored in the STAAD.Pro datafolder with a GRD allowance that permits other STAAD.Pro file to re-use these definedgrids. To alter the starting of this grid, click on the Editbutton to show the existing gridproperties.


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The current plane of the grid is set by selecting the required option. This can rotatedabout one of the global planes by selecting the axis of rotation and setting the angle.

The origin of the grid is marked on the graphics, with a small circle. The location of the

origin, specified in global coordinates, can either be defined explicitly in the given X.Yand Z coordinates, or it can be set to the coordinates of an existing node by clicking onthe icon and then on the node itself in the graphical window. Note that at this point theorigin coordinate is updated.

The construction lines are used to specify how many gridlines are created either side ofthe origin, the spacing between the gridlines and if there should be a skew in degreesalong either axis.

Click on the OK button to accept these settings.

Additional grids can be defined by clicking in the Create button. Three different types ofstandard grid can be created:

Linear Radial Irregular


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The type of the grid required can be selected from the drop down list available at thetop of the property sheet.

Each new grid should be identified with a unique name for future reference. Thefunctionality for each type of grid is given below:

Linear:

Two dimensional system of regularity spaced linear construction lines creating aplane of snap points.

Plane is defined as being coincident with the global XY, XZ or YZ planes or at anangle skewed with respect to the global planes.

Location of the origin can be defined with respect to global X, Y and Zcoordinates systems.

Radial:

Two dimensional system of regularly spaced radial and circumferentialconstruction lines creating a plane of snap points.

Plane is defined as being coincident with the global XY, XZ and YZ planes or atangle skewed with respect to the global planes.

Location of the origin can be defined with respect to global X, Y and Zcoordinates systems.

Well suited for drawing circular models using piece-wise linear techniques.The settings for a Radial grid are defined in the following window:


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The Plane, Angle of Plane and Grid origin option are as for the linear.

Irregular:

Two dimensional system of regularity or irregularly spaced linear constructionlines creating a plane of snap points.

Plane is defined as being coincident with the global XY, XZ or YZ planes or at anangle skewed respect to the global planes or at an arbitrary plane.

The settings for an irregular grid are defined in the following window:


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Global Direction:

Choose any one of the three possible global direction along which the selectedstructural elements should be copies.

No of Steps:

Specify the numbers of steps to repeated you need.

Default Step Spacing:

Type the default spacing between steps in the edit box in current length units. For eachstep, the default value of the spacing will be what we provide in the Default stepspacingbox. We can change the spacing of individual steps if we choose to do so.

Step Spacing Table:

This table consists of two columns: Step and Spacing. We can change the spacing ofany type in the table.

Renumber Bay:

This is the way of instructing the program to use a user-specified starting number forthe members generated in each step of the translational repeat activity.

Geometry Only:

The Translational Repeat allows the copying of the elements without having their loadsproperties, steel design parameters, etc. being copied with it. By default (when theGeometry Only option is not checked) all loads, properties, design parameters,members releases, etc. on the selected elements will automatically be copied along withthe elements. By checking the option labelled Geometry Only, the translationalrepeating will be per formed using only geometry data.

Link Steps and Open Base:

If you want to automatically connect the steps or copies by new members, along the

specified global directions, check the Link Steps check box. In other words, the LinkSteps option is applicable when the newly created units are physically removed fromthe existing units and when one wishes to connect those using members. To avoid

joining the base of the copied structures, check the Open Base box.

Here you can see the Frame model copied using the Translational Repeat option:


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4. Circular RepeatCircular Repeat allows to copy of the entire structure on an portion of if in a circulardirection. Select the structural elements to repeat and select the Circular Repeat optionfrom the geometry menu. The 3D Circular dialog box appears as shown in the figure.

Axis of Rotation:

Click the radio button to choose the axis of rotation for repeating the selectedcomponents.


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Through:

The new highlight node button selects the Node on Plane. Click on this icon to be ableto select the node from the main model. Once the cursor changes the shape, simplyselect a node from the model. The Node and Point boxes will automatically fill up with

the correct information. Otherwise, type an existing Node number or location Pointcoordinates to define the axis of rotation.

Use this as Reference Point for Beta angle generation. In previous versions ofSTAAD.Pro, one limitations of the Circular Repeat feature was that the memberorientation was not taken into consideration during the circular generation. Thislimitation has been addressed now.

If the Use this as Reference Point for Beta angle generation switch is turned on, thepoint through which the axis for circular repeat operation passes will be used as themember reference point for all the generated members. This point along with the local

X axis of the generated member will define the local X-Y plane of the member andhence the member orientation gets automatically set.

Total Angle:

Provide the total sweep angle of rotation between the original structure and the lastcopied structure.

No of Steps:

Provide the number of steps we want over the specified Total Angle.

Link Steps and open Base:

If you want to automatically connect the steps by new members, check the Link Stepscheck box. To avoid joining the base of the copied structure, check the Open Base box.

The Circular Repeat. Rotate and Mirror dialog boxes have been enhanced to remainopen so that the selection beams, nodes, etc. can be accomplished even while the boxis open. Also, selection of critical points such as the node, point or plane where the axisof rotation crosses can now be selected graphically while the box remains open. This

eliminates the inconvenience in the past where if this location was known beforeselecting one of the geometry options, the box had to be closed down to determine thelocation first.


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5. Insert NodeThis facility allows the user to insert node on an existing member. The member is splitinto the corresponding number of segments with automatic generation of node andmember numbers, member properties and loads.

If you choose this option, the Insert Node cursor appears. By using that cursor, you canselect the member to split. The Insert Node dialog appears, as shown below:

Beam Length:

This lists the distance from node A to node B along the beam to be split.

New Insertion Point:

Provide the Distance from the start node of the member in current length units.Alternatively, provide Proportion of the total length of the member to position the newnode. Click Add New Point to add the node.

Add New Point:

After providing the Distance or the Proportion, click on the Add New Point to add thenode.


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Add Mid Point:

To split the member into two segments, click on this button.

Add n Points:

To divide the beam in a number of equal segments, provide the number of intermediatepoints in the n = edit box and click on Add n Points. Note that this value should be aninteger.

Insertion Points:

The locations of the newly created points are listed in this list box, shown as thedistance from the start node of the member, To accept the new nodes that appear inthe Insertion Point list box, click the OK button.

Remove:

To remove a node from the list of inserted nodes, highlight the desired node and clickon this button.

Enhancement of Insert Node Operation:

Users can now select multiple members and split the members at a given fractional

position or a specified distances from the starting node positions. The new feature willenable the users to perform the operation in one sight command which will reduce the

modeling time.

New point by distance:

Specify the distance in current length units at which the beam is to split. The value forthe distance is entered in the Distance edit box and is measured from the start node ofthe beam.

New point by proportion:

This option allows the users to specify the distance in terms of a ratio. For example, to

split a beam at the midpoint, enter 0.5 as the proportion .To split the beam at quarterpoints, use a proportion value of 0.25.

Add mid point:

The beam are split at their midpoints.


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Add n points:

To split a beam by inserting n number of points, use this option. The beams are splitup into n+1 segments.

6.Add Beam

This option in geometry menu allows you to add members by connecting existingnodes. Choosing this option brings up the following sub-menu.

Add Beam from Point to Point:

In prior versions to STAAD.Pro, the Add Beam option was a facility for adding a beambetween two existing nodes. This has now been extended to be able to create beams

from nodes that have not been previously defined. The nodes can now be dynamicallygenerated at the time of creating the beam similar to the way beams are created usingthe Snap/Grid Beam command.

To create a beam dynamically without the start and end nodes defined, go toGeometry| Add Beam |Add Beam from Point to Point from the main menu. The AddBeams cursor appears. Click on any point on the existing beam where the starting nodeof the new beam will lie. if an existing node is not present at that point, a dialog boxwill prompt for a new node to be created.


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Click on Yes to create a new node. The Insert Nodes dialog box will prompt for theexact location where the nodes is to be created. once the desired node or nodes havebeen input that box, click on the OK button to generate the new nodes on the selectedbeam. If the new node input is not within a close proximity of the point clicked on thescreen, no draggableline will be shown. Click on the new node to start the creation ofthe beam. Then, drag the mouse to another existing node location or repeat the same

steps again to dynamically create another new node.

Chapter- 3:


2. Generation Structure Models

3. Merging the Generated Model in STAAD.Pro

4. Importing CAD Models


The Run Structure Wizard option offers a library of ore-defined structure prototypes,such as Pratt truss, North light Truss, cylindrical Frame, etc. We may parametricallygenerate a structural model and then transfer and superimpose it on the currentstructure.

When we select the Run Structure Wizard option from the Geometry menu, theStructure Wizard window appears as shown below.
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The Protype Models and Saved User Models options on the top of the left side of thescreen. If the Prototype Models option is selected, the Model Type will list the types ofprototype structure available as shown below. If the Saved User Models option is

selected, the Model Type will display the list previously done and saved models by theuser.


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Adding and Deleting items to the library:

Items can be deleted or added with certain settings from and to the list. The modifieditem list can be saved in different files and called when requires. In brief , the item listis customizable.

To insert any customized item under any Model type, select that Model Type and clickthe mouse at the bottom of the same pane. Right-click the mouse and from the contextmenu, select Add Plug-in and you can load the corresponding .dll file. We can alsodelete a particular structural item by selecting that particular item and by clicking theDelete Model Plug-in from the context menu. A structural item under any Model Typemay be renamed by using Rename Model Generator from the context menu.

The customized list of the Prototype can be saved in different files. By default,STAAD.Pro/Structure Wizard uses the default .STP file. We can save any changes in thisfile. Also changes can be saved in any file other than default .STP. To save the changes,

select Save As. from the File menu in the Structure Wizard window. Provide the pathand name of the .STP file and press OK.

To open any .STP file to use the customized Structure Libraries, select the File| Openmenu option from Structure Wizard main menu. Specify the path and name of the .STPfile and press OK.

Use the View, Zoom, Pan and Rotate icons to change the orientation of the model.

2.Generation of Structure from Models

In this section, the process of generating a structural model and combining it with theexisting STAAD.Pro structure will be explained using a Howe Roof Truss. Follow thesesteps to create the other truss types also.


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Selection of Unit:

The unit of the length should be specified before the generation of a model. From theFile menu, click Select Unit and the Select Unit dialog box will appear as shown below.We can select any unit of length from Imperial or SI/Metric system of units.

Model Type: Truss

Select the Howe Roof structure type under model type Trusses. Drag the item into theright side window and release the button. The Select Parameters dialog box willappears to specify the Truss parameter as shown below:

After defining the parameters click Apply and the prototype truss will appears with theX, Y and Z axes on the screen.


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Right click in the right side window containing the generated model. The context-menuwill display the options Change Property, Scale and Delete. We can edit the value of theparameters by clicking the Change Property, which will pop-up the select Parametersdialog box. Enter the length, height and width of the truss and the number of baysalong those directions. To modify the spacing of individual bays, click the browse button

and in the dialog box that appears, type new spacing and click OK. Click the Applybutton to parametrically generated the truss model. Click Close to finish.

We can re-scale the model in X, Y and Z directions separately using Scale from thecontext menu. You can also delete the particular model by clicking Delete from thecontext menu.

3.Merging the Generated Model to STAAD.Pro

Select the Merge Model with STAAD.Pro sub menu from the File menu to combine the

generated model to the current STAAD.Pro structure.

The structure Wizard window will now close. In the STAAD.Pro window, the PastePrototype Model dialog box will appears., in which we can type the shift of the origin of

the Structure Wizard model from the origin of the STAAD.Pro axis system or we cantype coordinate of the node of the STAAD.Pro structure with which we can want to

connect the Structure Wizard model or click on the Reference Pt button to connect thenode of the existing structure in STAAD.Pro with the Structure Wizard model by clickingon the joints where they will be connected. Click OK to finish.


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In the Frame Models Continuous Beam, Bay Frame, Grid Frame and Floor Grid havesimilar parameters in the Select Parameter dialog box. Type values for Length, Height &Width and number of bays for each. To modify the spacing of the bays, click thebrowse button and in the dialog box that appears, type new spacing and click OK. Clickthe Apply button to the parametrically generated model.

The Cylindrical Frame, Reverse Cylindrical Frame and Circular Beam have similarParameter in the Select Parameter dialog box. Type values for Length, Radius, Angleand number of bays along length and periphery. To modify the spacing of bars, clickthe browse button and in dialog box that appears, type new spacing and click OK, Clickthe Apply button to parametrically generate the model.

4.Importing CAD Models

This feature can import CAD models, has two separate utilities, Scan DXF and STAADModels.


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Scan DXF:

If the geometry of the model is created using the drawing program likeAutoCADandsaved in a DXF file format, it can be imported using this option. After dragging the ScanDXF icon into the right side window, a Open dialog box appears and noe=w locate the

DXF file, whichwe want to open, select that file and press OK. This feature supportsthe limited number of CAD entities like Line, 3D-Polyline and 3D-Face.

STAAD Models:

This allows the geometry of the previously created model to be imported and altered.After dragging the STAAD Models icon into the right side window, an Open dialog boxwill appear. Now locate the STD file which you want to open, select that STD fileand press OK. The geometry from that STD file will be imported. That model can bescaled up or down along the global X, Y and Z directions by clicking the right mousebutton, choosing the Scale option and provide the desired values.

Chapter- 4:

1. Support Specification

2. Support Page

3. Member Property

4. Member Offset

1.Support Specification

This allows the user to define the support conditions of the structure by providing fixed,pinned, roller, inclined, spring supports, etc. Supports can defined and assigned fromthe General| Support page also. This menu option is used to specify the supports on thestructures. The Support Specification menu offers several sub-menu options, as follow.

Click CommandsSupport Specifications.
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Pinned:

This allows user to create the pinned support tag and assigned it to the selected nodes.

A pinned support is restrained in all three translational degree of freedom and free inthe 3 rotational degrees of freedom.


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Enforced But:

Enforced But support type is the same as the Enforced support except that we havethe choice on the degrees of freedom we wish to restrain. For example, we can select

Enforced But and restrain just the FX, FY and FZ degree of freedom and let theremaining 3 free to deformation.

Inclined:

This allows the user to create supports that restraints in an axis system that is inclinedwith respect to the global axis system. There are two aspects defining the inclinedsupports:

The reference point which inclined axis system. The restraints, releases and springs.

Foundation:

To define a spring support for an isolated footing, click the Footing radio button.Provide the dimension of the footing in current units settings and choose the Directionof the spring action. Provide the soil Sub-grade value in the edit box. Click the Addbutton to add the foundation support tag to the structure or click Assign to assign thissupport to selected nodes.
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Elastic Mat:In this method, the area is calculated using a Delaunay triangle principle.Hence the candidates for this options are nodes which define the mat. To achieve bestresults, one needs to ensure that the contour formed by the nodes form a convex hull.

Plate Mat:If the foundation slab is modeled using plate elements, the spring supportscan be generated using an influence area calculated using the principles used indetermining the tributary area of nodes from the finite element modelling standpoint.Hence the candidates for this option are the plates which define the mat. When the matis modeled using plates. this produces superior results than the ELASTIC MAT type.


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2.Support Page

When the General | Support Page is opened, a Supported Nodes tables and a Supportsdialog box appears in the data area. We may specify supports in two ways. We mustfirst createSupport Specificationand then select the nodes to which this support is to

be attached to. Alternatively, we may first select the nodes and then specify a supportto be assigned to the selected nodes. In second case, a newSupport Specificationiscreated along with a support reference number. Also note that the Assign buttonbecome active if we have already selected the nodes to which the support is to beapplied.

Supported Nodes Table list all nodes for which supports have been defined. The type of

support is also displayed. The Supports dialog box allows us to define supports andassign them to nodes. All supports that have been defined for the model are listed inthe Supports dialog box.

Create:

The Create button is for creating the supports to be applied on the structure. When youclick this button Create Support dialog box appears.

Edit:

For certain types of supports, the parameters of the support can be modified after thesupport is created. The Edit button is available for that purpose. To do this, first selectthat support type from the list. Click on Edit and dialog box corresponding to thatsupport will be re-displayed, allowing for changes to be made.
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Delete:

Use this button to delete a previously assigned support.

Assignment Method:

The options under the Assignment Method offer different choices for assigning supportsto the structure.

Assign To Selected Nodes:

To assign a support to selected nodes, first select the support from the supports dialogbox. The support selected is highlighted. Then select the nodes to which this support isto be assigned. When all the desired nodes are selected, click the Assign To SelectedNodes radio button, then click the Assign button.

Assign To View:

To assign a support to all free nodes in a view, first select the support from theSupports dialog box. The selected supported is highlighted. Select the Assign To Viewradio button, then click the Assign button. All free nodes in the structure are assignedthis support after getting the confirmation.

Use Cursor To Assign:

To assign a support to nodes using the cursor, first select the support from the

Supports dialog box. The selected support is highlighted. Select the Use Cursor ToAssign radio button, then click the Assign button. The button will appear depressed andlabel will change to Assigning. Make sure that the Nodes Cursor is selected so that wecan select the nodes. Using the cursor, click on the nodes to which this support is to beassigned. Click on the Assign button again to finish.

Assign To Edit List:

To assign a support using a typed list of node numbers, first select the support from theSupports dialog box. The selected support is highlighted. Select the Assign To Edit Listradio button, then type the list of node numbers and click the Assign button.


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3.Member Property

This allows the user to provide the cross sectional properties of members with orwithout the material specification. The same options can be gained access from theGeneral | Property page. The Member Property menu option is used to create the

property tag and then assign the specified property tag to select members through theProperty Page. Alternatively, we may first select members and then define the memberproperty to be assigned to these members.

The Member Property menu offers several sub-menu options as shown below:

Prismatic:

This allows the user to assign Circular, Rectangular, Tee, Trapezoidal, General, etc.Cross sections to the frame members.

When we select the Prismatic option, the Property dialog box appears as shown below.Also note that the Properties dialog box also opens simultaneously letting us utilizesome of the other operations available from that dialog box.


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Material: Check this box and select the material from the drop down list if the newmember property tag should include the materials constants.

Circle: To define a circular section, click on the Circle tab as shown in the previousfigure. Enter the section diameter YD and select the material.

Rectangle: To define the rectangle section, Click on the Rectangle tab. Enter the heightYD and width ZD of the section and select the material.
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Tee: To define a tee section, click on the tee tab. Enter the height YD, width ZD stemheight YB and stem width ZB and select the material.

Trapezoidal: To define a trapezoidal section, click on the Trapezoidal tab. Enter theheight YD, top width ZD, bottom width ZB and select the material.

Tapered Tube: This allows the user to specify a I-section having a varying depth overthe length of the member by using 7 parameters as shown below:

4.Member Offset

The beams and columns of structure are characterized by lines in the computer model.In the actual structure, a beam spans distance which in the clear span between thefaces of columns. But in the computer model, the line for the beam spans among thecenterlines of the column. The half depth portion of either column is significantly stifferthan the beam itself from the stand point of bending. To take benefit of this extrastiffness, we may affirm that the start and end faces of the beam are offset from thenode by a distance identical to the half-column-depths.


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Member offsets can be specified in other situations too. Examples are

When a bracing member does not meet the node which is defined in itsincidence list.

A girder and top slab in the bridge where the centerline of the girder is severalinches below the centerline of the slab.

This facility becomes very useful when the user wants to have the structural parametersof a member viz. shear force, bending moment by considering the clear distance of themember between the supports. This facility can accessed from the General |Specification also. When you select the offset menu option in the command menu, theMember Specification dialog box appears as shown below.

Location:

Location defines the offset end of the member. Start is the starting point of the memberand End is the Ending point of the member. Start and End depends on the MemberIncidence of the member. Selecting one of these options defines the member offset tobe at the start point or at the end point of the member.

Direction:

Choose the Local for assigning the offsets in the local axis system. Otherwise, choosethe global axis system.


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Offsets:

Type the offset distance from the joint in the three global directions. Click the Addbutton to add this specification to the structure or click Assign to assign thespecificationto selected member as well as add this specification to the structure.

Chapter- 5:

1. Loading1

2. Loading2

3. Wind Load Generation

4. Assigning Wind Loads

Loading 1

In STAAD.Pro V8i, loads in a structure can be detailed as Dead load, Live load, Windload, Snow load, Seismic load, temperature load and fixed-end member load.STAAD.Pro V8i can also calculate the self-weight of the structure and make it asuniformly distributed loads (UDL) in analysis. Self-weight of the members can beapplied in any desired direction.

Click CommandsLoadingPrimary Loading.

Now the Create New Definitions / Load Cases / Load Items dialog box appears. Nowyou have to define the loads, then click Add button.
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Dead Load or Self-weight:

Self-weight of all active members of the structure are calculated and applied as auniformly distributed load. Please note that the property of the member must bedefined before this command used.

Direction- Specify the direction in the self-weight load is to be applied byclicking on the X, Y or Z buttons.

Factor- Specify the factor with which the calculated self-weight are to bemultiplied. A negative value indicates that the load is applies along the negative

direction of the selected axis.

Nodal Load:

Nodal loads is the combination of forces and moments, it may be applied to any freenode of a structure. These loads act in the global coordinate system of the structure.Two options are available under Nodal Load: Node and Support Displacement. Positivevalue forces acts in the positive coordinate directions of the axis.


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Member Load:

The Member Load tab allows the user to apply loads on the span of frame members.
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Concentrated Load:

To specify a concentrated force or moment, click the Concentrated Force orConcentrated Moment tab. The data items are explained below.

Linear Varying Load:

The load is applied over the entire length of the member, varies with respect to thedistance.


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Loading 2

Area Load: This allows the user to apply load over area, which will be distributed onsurrounding beams based on the one way distribution. This load is a one-waydistributed pressure load on members that circumstances a panel. Enter the value of

area load in current units. This load always acts along the positive local y direction onthe two longest member on each panel.

Note:Area load should not specified on members declared as Member Cable, MemberTruss or Member Tension.


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Floor Load: User can apply the load over the panel, which will be distributed onsurrounding beams based on a two-way distribution. This load is two-way distributedpressure load on members that circumscribe a panel. The data items are explainedbelow:

LoadFloor load value in the current units. This load will act parallel to the globalvertical axis.

DirectionThe floor may be considered as acting perpendicular to plane of the panelon which it is defined. This is normal load static condition.

RangeDefine X Range/ Y Range/ Z Range. Specify the location of the floor using theDefine X Range option. The load will be calculated for all members lying between thisrange.

One Way DistributionCheck the box for one way distribution to get a one way type

distribution of the pressure. In such cases, the program find out the shorter side of thepanel. It then divides the load in between the long direction beams. No load isgenerated by this option if the panel is square in shape.


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Plate Load: The Plate Load tab allows the user to apply elements loads. The PlateLoad tab offers several sub-menu options as shown below.

Pressure On Full Plate:

LoadW1 is the variable using which the pressure value is defined, in pressure units.

DirectionThe load may be applied along the local Zaxis, or along one of theglobal X, Y or Zaxis (GX, GY, GZ)


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Concentrated Load:

Use this option to define a concentrated load that acts on specific point within the

boundary of the element. If a load acts at a node point of an element, it is advisable toapply it using the Nodal Load option described in earlier pages.

LoadThe magnitude of load is specified in the box alongside Force. X and Y definethe location of the load, in terms of the distance from the origin of local X and Y axes ofthe element.

DirectionThe load may be applied along the local Z-axis, or along one of the globalX, Y or Zaxis (GX, GY, GZ).

Partial Plate Pressure:

To Specify a uniform pressure on the entire element or a non user specified portion ofthe element, use this facility. The data items are explained below:


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LoadThe element pressure (force per unit area) or Concentrated load (force unit).For concentrated load the values of X2 and Y2 must be omitted, while X1 and Y1 mustbe specified.

X1, Y1, X2, Y2For element pressure (force per unit area), these values represent

the coordinates of the rectangular bpundary on which the pressure is applied. If X1, Y1,X2 and Y2 are all zero; the pressure is applied over the entire element. If X1 and Y1 arespecified but X2 and Y2 are omitted, then W1 is treated as concentrated load.

DirectionGX, GY, GZ represent the global X, Y and Z direction along which thepressure may be applied Local Z indicates that the pressure is applied normal to theelement in the local Z direction.

Trapezoidal:To specify a trapezoidal varying pressure load on a plate, select theTrapezoidal tab. The load is applied over the entire element in the local Z direction,varying along the positive local X or Y direction. The data items are explained below.

Direction of PressureGX, GY and GZ represent the global X, Y and Z directionalong which the pressure may be applied. Local Z indicates that the pressure is appliednormal to the element in the local Z direction. Enter the pressure intensity F1 at thelowest local coordinate location (start) and the intensity F2 at the highest localcoordinate location (end), Start and End are defined basd on the positive direction ofthe local X-axis or local Y-axis.

Variation along elementDefine the direction in which the pressure varies as eitherthe local X ot Y direction or Choose the joint option, which is discussed next.

JointCheck the joint option to apply different value of pressure at different nodes ofthe plate element. When checked, the dialog box will change as shown below. Applydifferent values of pressure in the edit boxes for the different nodes.

Hydrostatic: To model loads due to hydrostatic pressure on one or more adjacentelements, select the Hydrostatic tab. The hydorstatic load is converted to Trapezoidal


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loads on the elements. The load is applied over the entire area of the element. Thedata items are explained below:

ForceEnter the value of the load at the minimum and maximum global axis incurrent units. For example, to model a retaining wall with soil pressure, W1 is the forceat the bottom of the wall and W2 is the force at the top of the wall.

Interpolate along Global AxisSpecify the global axis (X, Y or Z) along which theload vary from W1 to W2. For example, the load would vary along the Y axis on avertical retaining wall.

Select Plate(s) Unlike the load definition options, we must select plate(s) for thisoption to became active. Click on this button to select plate(s). Click on the SelectPlates button. A dialog box will appear. Select all the plates of a wall on which we wishto apply hydrostatic load. Click on Done. The hydrostatic dialog box will re-appear.

Direction of pressureSpecify the direction of design pressure as Local Z axis orglobal axes (GX, GY or GZ) and click on Add. This will assign a linearly varyinghydrostatic load on all the selected elements.

Element Joint Load:To specify a varying pressure at each joint on a plate, select theElement Joint Load option. The data items are explained below.


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Joint Load DataChoose Three Noded Facet / Four Noded Facet depending onwhether the plate element is 3 noded 4 noded.

DirectionThe load may be applied along the local Zaxis or along one of the globalX, Y or Zaxis (GX, GY, GZ)

AddAfter defining a load, click the Add button to add this under current load case inthe Loads dialog box.

3.Wind Load Generation

The wind load generation is a utility, which takes place as an input wind pressure andheight ranges over which these pressures act and generates nodal point and memberloads.

This facility is available for two types of structures:

1. Panel type or closed structures.2. Open structures.

Closest structures are ones like where non-structural entities like glass facade,aluminium sheets, timber panels or non-load bearing walls act as an obstruction to thewind. If these entities are n and of included in the structural mode, the load generatedbecause of wind blowing against them needs to be computed. Therefore, the stepsinvolved in load generation for such structure are

1. Identify the panelsregions circumscribed by members so that a polygonalclosed area is formed. The area may also be formed between the ground levelalong one edge and members along other.

2. Calculate the panel area and multiple it by wind pressure.3. Convert the resulting force into nodal point loads.

Plates and solids are not considered in the calculation of the panel area. Openingswithin the panels may be modeled with the help of exposure factors. An exposurefactors is associated with each joint of the panel can be reduced or increased.

Open structures are those like transmission towers, in which the region betweenmembers is Open allowing the wind to blow through it. The procedure for loadgeneration for open structures is

1. Calculate the exposed area of the individual members of the model.2. Multiply that exposed area by the wind pressure to arrive at the force and apply

the force on the individual members as a uniformly distributed load. It isassumed that all members of the structures within the specified Rangers are


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subjected to the pressure and hence, they will all receive the load. The conceptof members on the Windward side shielding the members in the inside regions oftheir structures does not exist for open structures.

At a large structure may consist of hundreds of panel and members, the user with the

help of this facility can avoid a considerable amount of work in calculating the loads.

The wind load menu option allows the user to define the parameters for automaticgeneration of wind loads on the structure.

STAAD.Pro V8i is now capable of generating the wind pressure profile for a structure inaccordance with the ASCE-7-95 as well as the ASCE-7-02 codes. The pressure profile isthe table of values of wind intensity versus height above ground.

The calculated pressure may then be applied on the structure to compute loads on themember using the in-built programs wind load generation algorithm for the closed aswell as open-lattice type structures.

When the wind load B&B of my menu option is selected, the new wind type dialog boxappears, as shown below.

Enter the Type No. which denotes the number by which the wind load type will beidentified. Multiple wind types can be created in the same model. Click on the Addbutton within this dialogue box and then click on close.


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The newly created TYPE 1 wind definition will appear underneath wind in theLoaddialogue.

Select the TYPE 1 name in the tree control and click on theAddbutton. The dialoguebox shown below will prompt for the pressure profile for this wind definition.

As we said earlier, the pressure profile is the table of wind intensity versus height aboveground. If we know that, that information can be typed into the box above.

To calculate the wind intensity, use the following formula from IS 875-Part 3.

Vz= Vbk1k2k3and pz= 0.6 Vz2

where, Vz= Design wind speed at any height

Vb= Base wind speed.

k1= probability factor.


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k = terrain, height and structure size factor.

k3and = topography factor.

pz= design wind pressure.

Exposure:

The exposure tab is used to modify the influence area of wind load associated withparticular joints in the structure. By default, the exposure factor is 1.0, thus the windforce is applied on the full influence area associated the joints. Click on Add to add thisload under the current load case in the load dialogue box.

4.Assigning Wind Load

This tab allows the user to apply previously created wind load type on the structuresthrough the means of a load case. If the model already contains previously defined

wind load cases, a dialogue box resembling the one shown will appear.


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Select type:

Choose a previously defined wind load type from the drop down list.

Direction:

Specify the global direction in which the wind load is to be generated by clicking the X,Z, -X orZ radio button. When wind is generated in X direction, the wind load is appliedon the near side and whenX is chosen the load is applied on the far side. Generationin Z orZ also works the same way.

Factor:

Specify the factor to multiply the calculated wind loads.

Open structure:

By default, the load generation is based on the assumption that the region betweenmembers is covered by panels. To generate loads on open structures like highwaysigns or transmission towers, switch on this box. The members are selected and X isused and the factor is positive, then the exposed surface facing in the X direction willbe loaded in the positive X direction. If X and a negative factor, then the exposedsurface facing in the X direction will be loaded in the negative x direction. IfX is

entered and a positive factor, then the exposed surfaces facing in the +X direction willbe loaded the positive X direction.


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Chapter- 5:

1. Analysis

2. Concrete Design

3. Time History Analysis

Analysis

STAAD.Pro V8i offers STAAD engine for general purposes structural analysis and design.

The modelling mode of STAAD environment is used to prepare structural input data.After the analysis is performed, used the menu option FileViewOutputFileSTAAD Outputto view the output files.

The STAAD Analysis engine perform analysis and design simultaneously. However, tocarry out the design, the design parameters too must be specified along with thegeometry, properties, etc. Before you perform the analysis. Also, note that you can
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change the design code to be followed for design and the code check before performingthe analysis/design.

Perform analysis:

To do the analysis must be need to add the command from CommandsAnalysisPerform analysis

This allowed the user to specify the instructions for the type of analysis to be performed

using STAAD engine. In addition, this command may be used to print various analysis-related data such as load information, statics check information, mode shapes etc.

The analysis menu offers several sub menu options. When you select one of theanalysis commands, you may specify the analysis-related data to be printed in theSTAAD output (.ANL) file by selecting the print option radio buttons, explained below:

Load data:print all the load data.

Statics check:provides summation of the applied load and support reaction as well as

summation of moment of load and reactions taken around the origin.

Statics load:print everything that statics check does and summation of all internaland external forces at each joint.

Mode shapes:print mode shapes values at the joints or are calculated mode shapes.

Both:this option is equivalent to the load data plus statics check option.

All:this option is equivalent to load data plus statics data.

Run Analysis:

The Analysis is performed under the commands under the analyse menu in theModelling Mode. Select the Run Analysis option to perform Analysis/Design.


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The Analysis Status dialog box appears:

This dialog box displays the status of the analysis process. If an error occurs during theanalysis, the above dialog box displays the error message.

View Output File:it will invoke the STAAD viewer with the analysis results presentedin a textual format.

Go to Post Processing Mode:it will take you to the STAAD.Pro Post processor whereyou can graphically.

Stay in Modeling Mode:it will keep you in Modeling environment.

During the analysis, an output file is generated. This file may contain selected inputdata items, results and error messages. To include a report of the input data items inthe output file, use the menu options under Commands | Pre Analysis Print. Thegenerated output file may be viewed using the menu option File | View | Output File |STAAD Output.

Any errors that occur during the analysis process may be viewed using the menu optionFileViewOutput File.


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Concrete Design

STAAD has the capabilities of performing concrete design on limit state method of IS456 (2000).

Beam Design:

Beams are designed for flexure, shear and torsion. If required the effect the axial forcemay be considered. For all these forces, all active beam loadings are pre-scanned toidentify the critical load cases at different section of the beams.

Column Design:

Columns are designed for axial forces and biaxial moments at the ends. All active loadcases are tested to calculate reinforcement. The loading which yield maximumreinforcement is called the critical load. Column design is done for square, rectangularand circular sections. By default, square and rectangular column and designed withreinforcement distributed on each side equally for the sections under uni-axial moment.

Design Parameters:

The program contains several parameters which are needed to perform design as perIS 456 (2000). Default parameter values have been selected that they are frequentlyused numbers for conventional design parameters. These values may be changes to

suit the particular design performed.

Performing Concrete Design:

1. Click CommandsDesignConcrete Design.

2. Now the user can specify the design parameters for the structure.

3. Concrete Design dialog box appears.


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4. Click the Select Parametersbutton. Now you can select the desired parameters forthe concrete design.


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5. Click Ok. Then Click Define Parametersbutton, now you can define the parameter

Important Parameters To Be defined Are Given Below:

Parameter Name Default Value Description

FC 25000 KN/mm2 Concrete yield strength.

FYMAIN 415000 KN/mm2Yield stress for main reinforcing steel.

FYSEC 415000 KN/mm2Yield stress for secondary reinforcing steel.

MAXMAIN 60 mm Maximum main reinforcement bar size.

MAXSEC 12 mm Maximum secondary reinforcement bar size.

MINMAIN 10mm Minimum main reinforcement bar size.

MINSEC 8 mm Minimum secondary reinforcement bar size.

6. Now ClickCommandsbutton, Design Commandsdialog box appears.


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7. ClickAddbutton to add the parameters, then assign the commands to the respectivemembers.

8. Assign the DESIGN BEAM to the members parallel to X and Z direction.

Click SelectBeam Parallel To X. Click SelectBeam Parallel To Z.

9. Assign the DESIGN COLUMN to the members parallel to Y direction.

Click SelectBeam Parallel To Y.10. Then Run Analysis, the result provide the suitable concrete design for the structure.

NOTE: After the analysis, doubleclick the member of the structure, it show theconcrete design, if the concrete design of the element is missing, then it is said tounsafe.


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Time History Analysis

Time history analysis is an advanced method of dynamic analysis. It has an ability toincorporate harmonic forcing functions that can be described by sinusoidal curves witha specified arrival time, frequency, amplitude and duration.

Define Time History Dialog:

Used to define the Forcing Function of a time varying load.

ClickCommandsLoadingDefinitionsTime HistoryForcing Functionsis

selected or The Add button is clicked in the Load & Definition dialog found on theGeneral | Load & Definition page.


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Integration Time Step:

Solution time step used in the step-by-step integration of the uncoupled equations.

Type:

This refers to the number of the type of functions.

Loading type:

Select the Acceleration, Force or Moment option to define the type of functions beinginput.

Save:

Select this option to create an external file containing the history of displacements ofevery node of the structure at every time step.


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Function Options:

Define Time VS

Used to specify a time history forcing function, where the loading type is that selected

above. Specify the values Time and corresponding Force or Acceleration. The timehistory function is plotted on the bottom of the dialog as data pairs are entered.

Harmonic:

Curve Shape:

Specify if the harmonic function is a SINE or COSINE curve.

Frequency or RPM:

Choose Frequency and enter circular frequency in cycles per second or RPM and enterrevolutions per minute.

Amplitude:

Max. Amplitude forcing function in current units.


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Phase:

Phase angle in degrees.

Cycles:

No.of cycles of loading.

Step of Sub Div:

Choose the step option to time step of loading SubDiv to sub divide a 1/4 cycle into thismany integer time steps.

Spectrum:

Select this Function Option to provide spectrum parameters for your time history

loading.

Time History Parameters Dialog:

Time Step:

Specify a solution time step to be used in the step-by-step integration of the uncoupledequations.

Damping:

The following options are available for specifying damping:

Damping-this is to be used for specifying a single model damping ratio which will beapplied to all mode. The default value is 0.05.


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CDAMPif a damping ratio has already been specified under CONSTANTS based onthe type of material in the structure, the value may be used directly in time historyanalysis. Check this option for that purpose.

MDAMPwe wish to utilise individual damping ratios for individual modes, that is

achieved through the means of the MDAMP option. The first step to doing this is thespecification of those individual damping ratios, as explained under section 5.26 .3 ofthe STAAD technical reference manual and is done graphically from the command-define damping menu. If this first step has been completed, the instruction to utiliseMDAMP done by selecting this option shown above.

Arrival time:

specify values of possible arrival times of the various dynamic load types. The arrivaltime is the time at which the load type begins to act at a joint or at the base of thestructure. The same load may have different arrival times for different joint and hence

all these values must be specified here. The arrival time and time force pairsfor the loadtypes are used to create the load vector needed for each time step of the analysis.

Chapter- 6:

1. Introduction to FEM

2. Plate

3. Surface

4. Meshing

Introduction to FEM

The Finite Element Method (FEM) is a numerical technique for finding approximatesolution of partial differentially equation (PDE) as well as integral equation.

The finite element method is a good choice for solving partial differential equations

more complicated the domains, when the domains changes, when the desired precision

varies over the entire domains, or when the solution lacks smoothness.

The final element method originated from the need for solving complex elasticity andstructural analysis in civil and aeronautical engineering. Its development can be tracedback to the work by Alexander Hrennikoff and Richard Courant. While the approachesused by the pioneers are dramatically different, they share one essential characteristic:mesh discretization of continuous domains into a set of the sub-domains, usually calledelements.
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The development of final element that began in the earnest in the middle to late 1950sfor airframe and structural analysis and gathered momentum at the University ofstuttgart through the work of Jhon Argyris and at Berkeley through the work of Ray W.Clough in the 1960s for use in civil engineering. By late 1950s, the key concept ofstiffness matrix and element software NASTRAN in 1965. The method was provided

with rigourous mathematical foundation in 1970 with the publication of strang andFixsAn analysis of the finite element method has since been generalised into a branchapplied mathematics for numerical modelling of physical system in a wide variety ofengineering disciplines.

Plate

Add Plate:

This option allows you to Triangular or Quadrilateral plate elements by connectingexisting nodes. To add quadrilateral plate, select Quad from the sub-menu. Fortriangular plates, select Triangle from the sub-menu . The cursor changes to Quad plateor Triangular Plate shapes. To create new elements, simply click on the existing nodesin the right sequence. A rubber banded area shows the boundary of the plate beinggenerated.

Set New Plate Attribute:

Similar to the Set New Member Attribute command in which the user is in can definethe property, material and releases to each new plate element as it is created, has beenintroduced.
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In order to define the attributes for plate element before they are created, gotoGeometryAdd Plate Set New Plate Attributesfrom the main menu.

A dialogue box will prompt for various attributes of the plate to be pre-defined. Asummary of a specific attributes are defined in the table below.


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Button Function

Create New Property Prompts the plate thicknessdialogue box that thethickness of the plate at eachof the common node can be

defined.Create New Material Defined the various material

properties of the plateincluding poison ratio,modulus of elasticity, shearmodulus, etc.

Create New Release Define the degree of freedomto be released at each nodeof the plate to the planestress no in plane rotation or

no stiffness.

Multiple properties, releases and materials can be created and saved for future use. Tochoose from various pre-defined types, simply select the appropriate definition usingthe Select Property, Select Material or the Plate Release drop-down boxes.

For the program to recognize the pre-defined attributes, the Assign these attributeswhile creating a new plates check box must be checked. Any new plate elementcreated from here on will now possess these attributes.

How to Sketch Plates:

1. Click the plate icon .

2. Now automatically beam cursor will change into plate cursor and nodes in thestructure are visible.


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3. Plate can drawn only clicking the four node points.

4. After placing the plate, click CommandsmenuMember PropertyPlate

Thickness. Now the Properties Whole Structure dialog box appears.

5. Click Thickness button, now the Plate Element/ Surface Property dialog box appears,where you add different types of member properties of plate and surface element.
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