I N S T I T U T E F O R D E F E N S E A N A L Y S E S
Staffing Cyber Operations (Presentation)
Thomas H. Barth Stanley A. Horowitz
Mark F. Kaye Linda Wu
INSTITUTE FOR DEFENSE ANALYSES4850 Mark Center Drive
Alexandria, Virginia 22311-1882
May 2015
IDA Document NS D-5472 H 15-000328
Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.
The views, opinions, and findings should not be construed as representing the official position of either the Department of Defense or the sponsoring organization.
Copyright Notice© 2015 Institute for Defense Analyses4850 Mark Center Drive, Alexandria, Virginia 22311-1882 • (703) 845-2000.
This material may be reproduced by or for the U.S. Government pursuant to the copyright license under the clause at DFARS 252.227-7013 (a)(16) [Jun 2013].
About this Publication
Staf
fing
Cyb
er O
pera
tions
Wes
tern
Eco
nom
ics
Ass
ocia
tion
Inte
rnat
iona
l
Thom
as H
. Bar
thSt
anle
y A
. Hor
owitz
Mar
k F.
Kay
eLi
nda
Wu
June
201
5
1
B
ackg
roun
d
Met
hodo
logy
D
irect
Par
ticip
atio
n in
Cyb
ersp
ace
Hos
tiliti
es
Ana
lysi
s of
Sta
ffing
Pla
ns
Ass
essm
ent o
f Inh
eren
tly G
over
nmen
tal (
IG),
Com
mer
cial
Act
ivity
, and
Milit
ary
Ess
entia
lity
C
ostin
g
Con
clus
ions
Brie
fing
Out
line
2
U
.S. C
yber
Com
man
d as
ked
the
Ser
vice
s to
cre
ate
a C
yber
M
issi
on F
orce
(CM
F): >
6100
per
sonn
el in
133
team
s
Five
type
s of
team
s in
all
four
Ser
vice
s:
N
atio
nal M
issi
on (N
MT)
N
atio
nal S
uppo
rt (N
ST)
C
omba
t Mis
sion
(CM
T)
Com
bat S
uppo
rt (C
ST)
C
yber
Pro
tect
ion
(CP
T)
S
ervi
ce s
taffi
ng p
arad
igm
s di
ffer –
incl
ude
abou
t 80%
milit
ary
pers
onne
l on
aver
age
It
is n
ot o
bvio
us h
ow m
any
of th
e po
sitio
ns a
re re
ally
milit
ary-
esse
ntia
l
3
Back
grou
nd
E
xplo
re a
ltern
ativ
e st
affin
g st
rate
gies
that
wou
ld
acco
mpl
ish
the
cybe
rspa
ce o
pera
tions
-rel
ated
fu
nctio
ns in
a c
ost-e
ffect
ive
fash
ion
4
Obj
ectiv
e
Proj
ect M
etho
dolo
gy
5
Ass
umed
the
Rol
e of
a M
anpo
wer
Pla
nner
A
naly
sis/
stud
y of
DoD
I 110
0.22
Pol
icy
and
Pro
cedu
res
for D
eter
min
ing
Wor
kfor
ce M
ix
Rev
iew
ed c
urre
nt s
tatu
tory
, pol
icy-
base
d, a
nd a
dmin
istra
tive
law
pro
visi
ons,
de
finiti
ons,
and
dec
lara
tions
of i
nher
ently
gov
ernm
enta
l fun
ctio
ns in
fede
ral
law
and
gui
danc
e
Und
erst
andi
ng o
f the
Mis
sion
Req
uire
men
t of t
he C
yber
Mis
sion
For
ce
D
octri
ne: J
P 3-
12 C
yber
spac
e O
pera
tions
U
.S. C
yber
Com
man
d’s
Cyb
er F
orce
Con
cept
of O
pera
tions
and
em
ploy
men
t in
terv
iew
s w
ith th
e fo
ur S
ervi
ces
and
repr
esen
tativ
es fr
om C
YB
ER
CO
M’s
J8
D
evel
oped
crit
eria
for d
eter
min
ing
dire
ct p
artic
ipat
ion
in c
yber
hos
tiliti
es
Eva
luat
ed e
very
bill
et in
CM
F; b
uilt
alte
rnat
ive
staf
fing
stru
ctur
es
Est
imat
ed th
e an
nual
cos
t of e
ach
CM
F S
taffi
ng P
lan
Fo
llow
ed D
oDI7
041.
04 o
n M
anpo
wer
Cos
ting
U
sed
CA
PE
’s F
ull C
ost o
f Man
pow
er (F
CoM
) Cos
ting
Tool
with
mod
ifica
tions
O
nly
US
AF
prov
ided
requ
este
d S
ervi
ce tr
aini
ng c
ostin
g da
ta
Sum
mar
y of
Ser
vice
Inte
rvie
ws
–H
ow D
id W
e G
et to
Whe
re W
e A
re?
Th
ese
are
mili
tary
team
s co
nduc
ting
Title
10
mis
sion
s
No
time
to b
uild
this
requ
irem
ent i
n th
e P
OM
–R
equi
rem
ent a
ppro
ved
in
FY13
; firs
t tea
ms
requ
ired
in s
ame
FY; m
ust c
ompl
ete
requ
irem
ent b
y FY
16
No
tem
pora
ry e
nd s
treng
th in
crea
se o
r add
ition
al fu
ndin
g fo
r civ
ilian
pe
rson
nel t
o bu
ild th
is fo
rce
N
o co
nsen
sus
on w
hich
pos
ition
s co
nstit
ute
Dire
ct P
artic
ipat
ion
in
Cyb
ersp
ace
Hos
tiliti
es (D
PH
) = C
yber
spac
e C
omba
tant
S
till a
fair
amou
nt o
f unc
erta
inty
on
the
team
com
posi
tion
and
loca
tions
US
CY
BE
RC
OM
: we
will
mak
e ch
ange
s to
team
des
igns
as
we
lear
n fro
m
use
C
once
pt o
f Ope
ratio
ns a
nd e
mpl
oym
ent s
till r
equi
res
deve
lopm
ent
C
ivilia
ns m
ay n
ot b
e ab
le to
hel
p m
eet s
urge
requ
irem
ents
S
ervi
ce s
taffi
ng d
ecis
ions
bas
ed p
rimar
ily o
n fie
ldin
g w
hat t
hey
belie
ve is
th
e m
ost f
lexi
ble
forc
e m
ix6
D
OD
I 110
0.22
pro
vide
s a
deci
sion
fram
ewor
k
7
Polic
y fo
r Det
erm
inin
g W
orkf
orce
Mix
Th
ese
are
the
just
ifica
tions
for
usin
g go
vern
men
t per
sonn
el
We
star
ted
with
Cat
egor
y A
–le
ader
ship
–as
milit
ary-
esse
ntia
l
Add
ed c
riter
ion
of b
eing
DP
H,
but i
nter
natio
nal l
aw a
nd
prac
tice
are
not w
ell-d
efin
ed
Cho
se le
ast e
xpen
sive
pe
rform
er if
crit
eria
do
not
requ
ire a
sin
gle
sour
ce
Poss
ible
Litm
us T
est f
or D
eter
min
ing
“Dir
ect
Part
icip
atio
n in
Cyb
ersp
ace
Hos
tiliti
es (D
PH)”
Mus
t Sat
isfy
Thr
ee C
riter
ia
Thre
shol
d of
Har
m: T
he a
ct m
ust b
e lik
ely
to a
dver
sely
affe
ct
the
mili
tary
ope
ratio
ns o
f a p
arty
to a
n ar
med
con
flict
or,
alte
rnat
ivel
y, to
infli
ct d
eath
, inj
ury,
or d
estru
ctio
n on
per
sons
or
obje
cts
prot
ecte
d ag
ains
t dire
ct a
ttack
D
irect
Cau
satio
n: T
here
mus
t be
a di
rect
cau
sal l
ink
betw
een
the
act a
nd th
e ha
rm li
kely
to re
sult
eith
er fr
om th
at a
ct, o
r fro
m a
co
ordi
nate
d m
ilita
ry o
pera
tion
of w
hich
that
act
con
stitu
tes
an
inte
gral
par
t
Bel
liger
ent N
exus
: The
act
mus
t be
spec
ifica
lly d
esig
ned
to
dire
ctly
cau
se th
e re
quire
d th
resh
old
of h
arm
in s
uppo
rt of
a p
arty
to
the
conf
lict t
o th
e de
trim
ent o
f ano
ther
(iss
ue o
f int
ent)
8
Illus
trat
ive
App
licat
ion
of D
PH C
rite
ria
Cyb
er A
ctiv
ityTh
resh
old
of
Har
mD
irect
C
ausa
tion
Bel
liger
ent N
exus
DPH
Exp
loita
tion
of v
ulne
rabi
litie
s on
a ta
rget
sta
te s
yste
m b
y in
trodu
ctio
n of
a h
ostil
e ag
ent t
hat d
amag
es it
di
rect
ly
Yes
. Int
rodu
ctio
n of
the
host
ile a
gent
is w
hat
caus
es th
e ha
rm
Yes
. The
re is
no
inte
rmed
iary
bet
wee
n in
trodu
ctio
n of
the
agen
t an
d its
act
ivat
ion
Yes
. Int
entio
n is
cle
arly
hos
tile
Yes
Dic
tatio
n or
writ
ten
prov
isio
n, to
a c
omba
tant
, of
the
prec
ise
set o
f com
man
ds
need
ed to
act
ivat
e th
e ho
stile
age
nt
Yes
. Har
m w
ould
not
oc
cur b
ut fo
r pro
visi
on
of th
e co
mm
ands
Yes
. Act
ivat
ion
is c
ause
d di
rect
ly b
y th
e in
put o
f the
co
mm
ands
Yes
. Int
entio
n is
cle
arly
hos
tile
Yes
Des
ign/
writ
ing
of a
spe
cific
cy
ber p
rogr
amY
es. I
f the
pro
gram
is
desi
gned
to c
ause
the
harm
spe
cifie
d
No.
Any
eve
ntua
l har
m
that
mig
ht re
sult
is to
o re
mot
e
Yes
. Pot
entia
lly, i
f res
earc
h ta
kes
plac
e w
ith a
spe
cific
futu
re ta
rget
or
con
flict
in m
ind
No
Pro
visi
on o
f reg
ular
/rout
ine
oper
atio
nal m
aint
enan
ce fo
r th
e cy
ber w
arfa
re e
quip
men
t
No.
Any
har
m is
too
rem
ote
from
mer
e m
aint
enan
ce
No.
Rou
tine
mai
nten
ance
do
es n
ot it
self
caus
e an
y di
rect
har
m
No.
Sys
tem
wou
ld re
quire
rout
ine
mai
nten
ance
irre
spec
tive
of it
s us
e in
con
flict
No
9
Com
parin
g ID
A a
nd S
ervi
ce W
ork
Role
Ass
ignm
ents
A
lmos
t com
plet
e ag
reem
ent o
n m
ilita
ry p
erfo
rmer
s in
the
follo
win
g w
ork
role
cat
egor
ies
Te
am le
ader
ship
role
s
Team
mili
tary
pla
nner
role
s –
DP
H
Inte
ract
ive
Ope
rato
rs a
nd E
ndpo
int E
xplo
itatio
n A
naly
st –
Cyb
ersp
ace
Com
bata
nts
(lead
ers
also
qua
lify
as c
omba
tant
s) –
DP
H
Ana
lyst
wor
k ro
les
on th
e te
ams,
esp
ecia
lly o
n th
e su
ppor
t tea
ms
(NS
T an
d C
ST)
ID
A as
sess
men
t –po
sitio
ns IG
but
not
DP
H; d
o no
t jus
tify
a m
ilita
ry p
erfo
rmer
U
SC
YB
ER
CO
M s
taffi
ng g
uida
nce
conc
urs
–IG
but
no
need
for m
ilita
ry
perfo
rmer
S
ervi
ces
pred
omin
antly
man
ning
with
mili
tary
per
form
ers,
ofte
n al
l mili
tary
S
oftw
are
Eng
inee
rs/T
ool D
evel
oper
s
Not
DP
H. I
G o
r Com
mer
cial
func
tion?
S
taffi
ng p
lans
var
y fro
m a
ll m
ilita
ry p
erfo
rmer
s, to
mili
tary
and
civ
ilian
pe
rform
ers,
to c
ivili
an a
nd c
ontra
ctor
per
form
ers
N
ot a
n ex
istin
g m
ilita
ry o
ccup
atio
n in
the
Ser
vice
s, n
or o
ne c
omm
only
em
ploy
ed b
y th
e S
ervi
ces
ID
A se
lect
ed g
over
nmen
t civ
ilian
s as
leas
t exp
ensi
ve10
0%10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
US
AU
SN
US
AFU
SM
CAl
tern
ativ
e
Mili
tary
Civ
ilian
Con
tract
or
Nat
iona
l Sec
urity
Age
ncy
(NS
A)
Nat
iona
l Mis
sion
Team
s (N
MT)
Nat
iona
l Mis
sion
Tea
m F
orce
Mix
Cos
t Est
imat
es –
All
Cos
t Est
imat
es a
re C
ost t
o th
e G
over
nmen
t
11
Per T
eam
Per P
erso
n%
Sav
edU
SA
NM
T$
8,44
9,73
1$
145,
685
14%
US
N N
MT
$ 8,
588,
139
$ 14
8,07
115
%
US
AF
NM
T $
8,18
1,28
5$
141,
056
11%
US
MC
NM
T $
8,84
4,55
3$
152,
492
17%
Alte
rnat
ive
NM
T$
7,30
2,17
0$
125,
899
0%10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
US
AU
SN
US
AFU
SM
CAl
tern
ativ
e
Milit
ary
Civ
ilian
Con
tract
orN
SA
Com
bat M
issi
on Te
ams
(CM
T)
Com
bat M
issi
on T
eam
For
ce M
ix
Cos
t Est
imat
e
12
Per T
eam
Per P
erso
n%
Sav
edU
SA
CM
T$
8,36
5,54
1$
144,
233
17%
US
N C
MT
$ 8,
638,
604
$ 14
8,94
120
%
US
AF
CM
T $
8,62
7,59
1$
148,
751
20%
US
MC
CM
T $
9,05
2,54
0$
156,
078
24%
Alte
rnat
ive
CM
T$
6,91
5,81
6$
119,
238
0%10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
US
AU
SN
US
AFAl
tern
ativ
e
Milit
ary
Civ
ilian
Con
tract
orN
SA
Nat
iona
l Sup
port
Team
s (N
ST)
USM
C is
not
requ
ired
to b
uild
a N
ST
Nat
iona
l Sup
port
Tea
m F
orce
Mix
Cos
t Est
imat
e
13
Per T
eam
Per P
erso
n%
Sav
edU
SA
NS
T$
5,18
5,89
8$
162,
059
27%
US
N N
ST
$ 4,
922,
250
$ 15
3,82
023
%
US
AF
NS
T$
4,30
0,84
8$
134,
401
12%
Alte
rnat
ive
NS
T$
3,78
0,10
1$
118,
128
Com
bat S
uppo
rt T
eam
For
ce M
ix
0%10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
US
AU
SN
US
AFU
SM
CAl
tern
ativ
e
Milit
ary
Civ
ilian
Con
tract
orN
SA
Cos
t Est
imat
e
Com
bat S
uppo
rt Te
ams
(CST
)
14
Per T
eam
Per P
erso
n%
Sav
edU
SA
CS
T$
5,00
2,72
9$
142,
935
35%
US
N C
ST
$ 5,
367,
682
$ 15
3,36
239
%
US
AF
CS
T$
4,30
2,76
5$
122,
936
24%
US
MC
CS
T$
5,74
0,09
0$
164,
002
43%
Alte
rnat
ive
CS
T$
3,27
3,49
7$
93,
528
0%20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
120%
US
AU
SN
US
AFU
SM
CAl
tern
ativ
e
Milit
ary
Civ
ilian
Con
tract
or
Cybe
r Pro
tect
ion
Team
s (C
PT)
Cyb
er P
rote
ctio
n Te
am F
orce
Mix
Cos
t Est
imat
e
15
Per T
eam
Per P
erso
n%
Sav
edU
SA
CP
T$
6,32
2,58
1$
162,
117
16%
US
N C
PT
$ 5,
705,
727
$ 14
6,30
07%
US
AF
CP
T$
5,33
2,28
2$
136,
725
1%
US
MC
CP
T$
5,73
6,96
4$
147,
101
8%
Alte
rnat
ive
CP
T$
5,28
0,46
1$
135,
396
Th
e al
tern
ativ
e re
plac
es 3
6% o
f CM
F m
ilitar
y pe
rson
nel a
nd a
ll th
e co
ntra
ctor
s w
ith c
ivilia
ns
Rai
ses
civi
lians
from
15%
to 4
8% o
f DoD
em
ploy
ees
16
Sum
mar
y of
Sta
ffin
g A
ltern
ativ
es
Wor
kfor
ce C
ateg
ory
Arm
yNa
vyAi
r Fo
rce
Mar
ine
Corp
sTo
tal o
f All
4 Se
rvic
esAl
tern
ativ
eM
ilita
ry14
2817
0312
7137
347
7530
47
Civi
lian
354
4432
915
588
227
76
Cont
ract
or0
011
551
166
0
DoD
Tota
l17
8217
4717
1557
958
2358
23
NSA
Augm
enta
tion
117
113
106
2836
436
4
Gran
d To
tal
1899
1860
1821
607
6187
6187
Fo
llow
ed D
oD In
stru
ctio
n 70
41.0
4 on
Man
pow
er C
ostin
g
Use
d C
AP
E F
CoM
Tool
; adj
uste
d so
me
fact
ors
S
ubst
itute
d tra
inin
g co
st e
stim
ate
from
US
AF
cybe
r com
mun
ity
IDA
alte
rnat
ive
larg
ely
subs
titut
es c
ivili
ans
for e
nlis
ted
pers
onne
l and
co
ntra
ctor
s
Mili
tary
are
mor
e ex
pens
ive
to D
oD b
ecau
se o
f Bas
e A
llow
ance
for
Hou
sing
(BA
H),
retir
emen
t, an
d tra
inin
g co
sts
A
dditi
onal
cos
ts to
the
gove
rnm
ent a
re la
rgel
y th
e ta
x ad
vant
age
of
bene
fits
and
vete
rans
’ ben
efits
17
Cost
Per
Per
son
by P
erso
nnel
Cat
egor
y
Full
Cost
to G
over
nmen
tSe
rvic
esAl
tern
ativ
eM
ilita
ry -
Offi
cer
$
220,
613
$
219
,009
M
ilita
ry -
Enl
iste
d$
14
0,39
5 $
1
46,7
40
Civi
lian
$
107,
863
$
85
,672
C
ontra
ctor
$
200,
306
N/A
Cost
to D
oDSe
rvic
esAl
tern
ativ
eM
ilita
ry -
Offi
cer
$ 1
68,7
03
$
167,
594
Mili
tary
- E
nlis
ted
$ 1
05,2
02
$
110,
654
Civi
lian
$ 1
01,1
09
$
80,
315
Con
tract
or$
200
,306
N
/A
Sum
mar
y of
Pot
entia
l Cos
t Sav
ings
Arm
y27
2,74
8,94
0$
Nav
y25
9,18
1,08
8$
Air
Forc
e23
8,50
7,02
9$
Mar
ine
Cor
ps87
,637
,975
$
Tota
l For
ce C
ost
858,
075,
032
$
Team
Typ
eRe
quire
men
tCo
st p
er T
eam
Team
Typ
e To
tal C
ost
Nat
iona
l Mis
sion
Tea
ms
13$7
,302
,170
94,9
28,2
10$
Com
bat M
issi
on T
eam
s27
$6,9
15,8
1618
6,72
7,03
2$
Nat
iona
l Sur
port
Team
s8
$3,7
80,1
0130
,240
,808
$
C
omba
t Sup
port
Team
s17
$3,2
73,4
9755
,649
,449
$
C
yber
Pro
tect
ion
Team
s68
$5,2
80,4
6135
9,07
1,34
8$
Tota
l For
ce C
ost
726,
616,
847
$
Annu
al C
ost u
nder
Ser
vice
Sta
ffing
Annu
al C
ost u
nder
IDA
Staf
fing
Alte
rnat
ive
% S
aved
=
15%
= $1
31M
18
Savi
ngs
to D
oD =
$76
M
19
Conc
lusi
ons
–Co
sts
$131
M in
pot
entia
l sav
ings
($76
M to
DoD
) are
ava
ilabl
e fro
m in
crea
sed
civi
liani
zatio
n co
nsis
tent
with
DoD
I110
0.22
Conc
lusi
ons
–Fu
rthe
r Ana
lysi
s
N
eed
info
rmat
ion
on te
am p
erfo
rman
ce o
r mis
sion
suc
cess
US
Cyb
er C
omm
and
or th
e S
ervi
ces
shou
ld m
easu
re th
e pe
rform
ance
and
ef
fect
iven
ess
of th
e te
ams
so p
oten
tial c
hang
es to
the
team
s, in
clud
ing
the
wor
kfor
ce m
ix, c
an b
e as
sess
ed.
N
eed
to b
ette
r und
erst
and
how
to s
uppo
rt m
ilita
ry a
nd c
ivili
an c
aree
r de
velo
pmen
t
Can
the
civi
lians
on
the
team
s be
man
aged
as
part
of a
larg
er w
orkf
orce
ra
ther
than
four
Ser
vice
civ
ilian
wor
kfor
ces?
Th
e N
SA
wor
kfor
ce w
ould
pro
vide
a u
sefu
l poi
nt o
f com
paris
on
N
eed
to u
nder
stan
d w
heth
er th
e co
mpe
nsat
ion
syst
ems
for m
ilita
ry
pers
onne
l and
gov
ernm
ent c
ivili
ans
attra
ct a
nd re
tain
eno
ugh
high
-qu
ality
cyb
er w
arrio
rs
20
BACK
-UPS
Ave
rage
Mili
tary
and
Civ
ilian
Gra
des
Arm
yN
avy
Air
Forc
eM
arin
e C
orps
IDA
Offi
cer
O3/
W2
O3
O3
O3
O3
Enlis
ted
E5
E5
E5
E5/
E6
E5
Civ
ilian
GS
-12
GS
-14
GS
-10
GS
-13
GS
-11
Con
trac
tor
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
22
Arm
yTe
am T
ype
Requ
irem
ent
Cost
per
Tea
mTe
am T
ype
Tota
l Cos
tN
MT
4$8
,449
,731
33,7
98,9
24$
C
MT
8$8
,365
,541
66,9
24,3
28$
N
ST
3$5
,185
,898
15,5
57,6
94$
C
ST
6$5
,002
,729
30,0
16,3
74$
C
PT
20$6
,322
,581
126,
451,
620
$
Tota
l For
ce C
ost
272,
748,
940
$
Alte
rnat
ive
Team
Typ
eRe
quire
men
tCo
st p
er T
eam
Team
Typ
e To
tal C
ost
NM
T4
$7,3
02,1
7029
,208
,680
$
CM
T8
$6,9
15,8
1655
,326
,528
$
NS
T3
$3,7
80,1
0111
,340
,303
$
CS
T6
$3,2
73,4
9719
,640
,982
$
CP
T20
$5,2
80,4
6110
5,60
9,22
0$
Com
paris
on o
f Arm
y an
d A
ltern
ativ
e Co
sts
% S
aved
= 1
9%23
Com
pari
son
of N
avy
and
Alte
rnat
ive
Cost
s
% S
aved
= 1
6%
Navy
Team
Typ
eRe
quire
men
tCo
st p
er T
eam
Team
Typ
e To
tal C
ost
NM
T4
$8,5
88,1
3934
,352
,556
$
CM
T8
$8,6
38,6
0469
,108
,832
$
NS
T3
$4,9
22,2
5014
,766
,750
$
CS
T5
$5,3
67,6
8226
,838
,410
$
CP
T20
$5,7
05,7
2711
4,11
4,54
0$
Tota
l For
ce C
ost
259,
181,
088
$
Alte
rnat
ive
Team
Typ
eRe
quire
men
tCo
st p
er T
eam
Team
Typ
e To
tal C
ost
NM
T4
$7,3
02,1
7029
,208
,680
$
CM
T8
$6,9
15,8
1655
,326
,528
$
NS
T3
$3,7
80,1
0111
,340
,303
$
CS
T5
$3,2
73,4
9716
,367
,485
$
CP
T20
$5,2
80,4
6110
5,60
9,22
0$
24
% S
aved
= 1
0%
Air
Forc
eTe
am T
ype
Requ
irem
ent
Cost
per
Tea
mTe
am T
ype
Tota
l Cos
tN
MT
4$8
,181
,285
32,7
25,1
40$
C
MT
8$8
,627
,591
69,0
20,7
28$
N
ST
2$4
,300
,848
8,60
1,69
6$
CS
T5
$4,3
02,7
6521
,513
,825
$
CP
T20
$5,3
32,2
8210
6,64
5,64
0$
Tota
l For
ce C
ost
238,
507,
029
$
Alte
rnat
ive
Team
Typ
eRe
quire
men
tCo
st p
er T
eam
Team
Typ
e To
tal C
ost
NM
T4
$7,3
02,1
7029
,208
,680
$
CM
T8
$6,9
15,8
1655
,326
,528
$
NS
T2
$3,7
80,1
017,
560,
202
$
C
ST
5$3
,273
,497
16,3
67,4
85$
C
PT
20$5
,280
,461
105,
609,
220
$
25
Com
pari
son
of U
SAF
and
Alte
rnat
ive
Cost
s
Mar
ine
Cor
psTe
am T
ype
Req
uire
men
tC
ost p
er T
eam
Team
Typ
e To
tal C
ost
NM
T1
$8,8
44,5
538,
844,
553
$
C
MT
3$9
,052
,540
27,1
57,6
20$
N
ST
0$0
-$
CS
T1
$5,7
40,0
905,
740,
090
$
C
PT
8$5
,736
,964
45,8
95,7
12$
Tota
l For
ce C
ost
87,6
37,9
75$
Alte
rnat
ive
Team
Typ
eR
equi
rem
ent
Cos
t per
Tea
mTe
am T
ype
Tota
l Cos
tN
MT
1$7
,302
,170
7,30
2,17
0$
CM
T3
$6,9
15,8
1620
,747
,448
$
NS
T0
$3,7
80,1
01-
$
C
ST
1$3
,273
,497
3,27
3,49
7$
CP
T8
$5,2
80,4
6142
,243
,688
$
% S
aved
= 1
6%26
Com
pari
son
of U
SMC
and
Alte
rnat
ive
Cost
s
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