Staged Introduction of Non-power and Power Nuclear Technologies to
Newcomer Countries
Mitsuru Uesaka Nuclear Professional School / Department of Nuclear
Engineering and Management, University of Tokyo, Japan
November 10, 2016 Third International Conference on Nuclear Knowledge Management: Challenges and Approaches s in Vienna,
Austria, from 7 to 11 November 2016
CONTENTS
1. Downsizing of Accelerators by Innovative Technologies(Higher RF (Radio Frequency), Superconducting Magnets and Optimization of Layout)
2. Medical Radioisotope Supply by Linear Accelerators
3. On-site X-ray Transmission Inspection of Industrial and Social Infrastructure
4. Education and Knowledge Management of Non-power Application forward Power Application (Nuclear Power Plant)
S-, C- and X-band linacs and therapy systems
Our development
Downsizing of Medical Accelerators by Advanced Technologies
Electron Linac
Cyclotron
Synchrotron http://www.varian.com/
http://www.accuray.com/
http://www.accuray.com/ http://www.mhi-global.com/index.html
https://www.toshiba.co.jp/about/press/2015_11/pr1001.htm
http://www.accuthera.com/
http://www.nirs.go.jp/ENG/core/ace/index.html
http://w3.ai-hosp.or.jp/ptc/proton_therapy_center.html
Review of Accelerators for Science and Technology, Vol.2(2009),p.154
0
10
20
30
40
50 51 55 59
Glo
bal P
rodu
ctio
n Sh
are
[%]
Year of operation [y]
NRU
HFR
BR2
SAFARI1
OSIRIS
[1] National Research Council (U.S.) 2009 [2] International Atomic Energy Agency 2010 [3] Ross and Diamond 2015
99Mo/99mTc Shortage Crisis
235Ufission(6.1%)
Reactor
99Mo 99mTcβ-
Hospital
Unexpected shutdown history > 1 month, age-related (Ponsard 2010)
• ‘07: HFR, 1 month • ‘08–09: HFR, 6 months • ‘09–10: NRU, 11 months • ‘10: HFR, 6 months
Risk of 99mTc outage crisis is growing
Risk of 99mTc outage crisis is growing
Alternative method of 99Mo production is demanded
2016
2015
6
Background of domestic production of 99Mo-99mTc
98Mo n
99Mo
99mTc Neutron irradiation in
Reactor
Diagnosis
99Mo 99mTc
99mTc-medicine
Reactor
Delivery in a short time
Maker of radio-pharmaceuticals Hospital & Nuclear
medical center
Import of whole 99Mo
235U(n,fission)99Mo Fission method of uranium
β- decay
99Mo domestic production
Current method
Using natural or enriched Mo
Domestic 99Mo production
99Mo99mTc extraction 99mTc-medicines
transition
Using enriched uranium
99mTc Diagnosis >30 million procedures/year/world (1 procedure/sec)
100Mo e
99Mo Electron-Linac
γ
Main troubles of 99Mo supply and 99mTc delivery Synchronized terrorist attacks (2001) NRU troubles (2007-09) Air transportation trouble by volcanic eruption in Iceland (2010) Shutdown of Osiris (2015) Shutdown of NRU (2016)
Without uranium
Accelerator
Bremsstrahlung photon by Electron-Linac
99Mo 0.7-0.9 million procedures/y/Japan
Frequent suspension of 99Mo supply
Oct. 2016
(n,γ) method
(γ,n) method
電子銃 バンチャー加速管
第一レギュラー管
SM
PB 第二レギュ
ラー管
QF
QD
CT
SM
IPIPIP
IP
クライストロン
BA
クライストロン電源
RF窓
cam
cam
ST ST ST
電子銃電源
ML
GV
第三レギュラー管
ST
SL
QF
QD
IP
BA
CT
FCBA
SM
QF
QD
CT
IP
cam
BA
SM
QF
QD
CT
IP
cam
BA
target
IP
IP
BM
SL
CT
BD
RF Amp
クライストロン
クライストロン電源
クライストロン
クライストロン電源
クライストロン
クライストロン電源
RF Amp RF Amp RF Amp
RF窓 RF窓 RF窓
GV
~5m
~10m Electron beam
Energy (peak) MeV 35
Current (peak) mA 324
Power (average) kW 40–56.7
Klystron: Toshiba E3783
RF Frequency GHz 2.856
Peak power MW 4.5
Pulse length μs 20
Pulse repetition rate pps 250
Design Scheme of S-band (56 kW) e- Linac
Klystron Klystron Klystron Klystron
Linear Accelerators
99mTc Supply Capacity of S-band e- Linac 99mTc activity ≈ 262% of 99Mo
186.55 [Ci 99mTc/week] Supply
1.1 million (procedure/year)×20 (mCi/procedure)
423 [Ci 99mTc /week] Demand
𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏.𝟓𝟓𝟓𝟓
≈2 S-band e- linacs in Japan
30 million (procedure/year)×20 (mCi/procedure)
11,539 [Ci 99mTc /week] Demand
𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏,𝟓𝟓𝟒𝟒𝟓𝟓𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏.𝟓𝟓𝟓𝟓
≈62 S-band e- linacs in the world
Portable X-band(9.3GHz) Linac X-ray Sources
950keV/3.95MeV linac systems consist of three/four boxes.
X-ray Box
Magnetron Box
Power Source
950keV 3.95 MeV
On-site Inspection by 950 keV X-band linac X-ray sources
National Institute for Land and Infrastructure Management Reinforced Concrete Peer
Chemical Reaction Chamber Dynamic Imaging
of Inner Fluid
Synchronized Quasi-Static Imaging of Rotor
X-ray source
Third Bridge Inspection by 950 keV X-ray Source on Oct.6,7, 2016
X-ray Transmission Images
Survival cross section
Structural Evaluation using Finite Element Method
2.Yield point Evaluation
1.Design based Evaluation Condition : Evaluate the behavior of bridge which has the design load.
The Software：DuCOM-COM3 Developed by Concrete-Lab, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Tokyo
Material : Concrete, steel Elastic Modulus of Concrete Elastic Modulus of Steel
Objective of this Analysis： ⬆Analysis mesh
⬆The 3D model which show the result of calculation
＊Design load based on Japanese criteria
Evaluate the yield point of bridge by applying the continuous load
XZ
YZ
XY
Knowledge Management Aspects
Radiation Medicine KM has been almost established in the field of “Medical Physics”. Industrial Infrastructure Inspection by Radiation KM is established in the field of “Maintenance”. Social Infrastructure Inspection by Radiation KM has just started.
Education of Nuclear Science can start for very young generation Two-hour radiation education program
for junior high school students
Part I Lecture (60 min)
• 5 min - Program explanation
• 45 min - Basic radiation lecture
+ Radiation and dose surrounding us
+ Radiation application
+ Radiation and Radioactivity
+ Radiation type
+ Half life
+ Unit of Bq and Sv
+ Human effect
+ Radiation protection
• 10 min - Break time
Part II Two Experiments (60 min)
• 20 min - Cloud chamber observation + Pouring ethanol; 5 min
+ Cooling time by dry ice; 5 min
+ Observation; 10 min
• 30 min - Environmental survey by a radiation detector
+ Instruction to use survey-meter; 5min
+ Surveying activity; 25 min
• 10 min - Conclusion
Prof.Takeshi Iimoto, University of Tokyo collaborated with IAEA
The WOW factor We are trying to insert “WOW factors” into our education
modules and have been sharing our experiences with the pilot countries in the TC activities. hands-on classes, including assembling cloud chamber, and
environmental radiation survey (to understand risk level) movies of lectures and virtual tours on Website to motivate and
support teachers as well as students… RADI; http://www.radi-edu.jp/en
Prof.Takeshi Iimoto, University of Tokyo collaborated with IAEA
INMA (IAEA Nuclear Management Academy)
Aspect group 2. Technology 2.1 Nuclear power plant and other facility design principles 2.2 Nuclear power plant/facility operational systems 2.3 Nuclear power plant/facility life management 2.4 Nuclear facility maintenance processes and programmes 2.5 Systems engineering within nuclear facilities 2.6 Nuclear safety principles and analysis 2.7 Radiological safety and protection 2.8 Nuclear reactor physics and reactivity management 2.9 Nuclear fuel cycle technologies 2.10 Nuclear waste management and disposal 2.11 Nuclear power plant/facility decommissioning 2.12 Nuclear environmental protection, monitoring and remediation 2.13 Nuclear R&D and innovation management 2.14 Application of nuclear science
Non-Power Aspects
Master Course Level
Introduction of Non-Power and Power Applications
-Newcomer countries may introduce non-power application first. Even here, reasonably compact and economical systems are expected. -The public realizes the benefit of radiation. - Public Acceptance of power application is expected to be enhanced. - Proceed to introduction of power application, namely nuclear power plant.
Nuclear Power Industrial/Societal Infrastructure Maintenance
Non-power Power
Radiation Medicine
Japan-IAEA Nuclear Energy Management School Japan-IAEA Nuclear Working-Level Training Course
U.Tokyo-IAEA Nuclear Technology/Management E-learning System
National Human Resource Development Network
Introduction of Nuclear Science and Technology
Summary • Innovative compact radiation systems are
developed and applied for practical uses. • Education of radiation, protection,
contribution to QOL (Quality of Life) is available even for very young generations.
• Those can surely contribute to enhancement of public acceptance for power application (Nuclear Power Plant).
Acknowledgements Takeshi Iimoto, Jang Jaewoong, University of Tokyo
Katsuyoshi Tatenuma, Kakenlabo Inc. Takeo Iwai, Yamagata University
Masashi Yamamoto, Eiji Tanabe, Accuthera Inc.
