Stages of Development of Blood Cells

Dr. Sama ul Haque

Objectives• Understand the composition of whole blood.

• How to prepare a blood smear.

• Describe the structure of Erythrocyte.

• Enlist different types of leucocytes.

• Explain the differentiation of myeloid and lymphoid stem cells.

• Discuss the development of blood cells in red bone marrow.

Composition of Whole Blood

Preparing a Blood Smear

Blood Cells

Blood Cells

Erythrocyte

Normal Human Erythrocyte

Types of Human LeucocytesNeutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils have granules that stain specifically with

certain dyes and are called granulocytes. Lymphocytes and monocytes are considered agranulocytes, even though they may show azurophilic granules

(lysosomes), which are also present in other leukocytes.

NeutrophilsNeutrophils can be identified by their multilobulated nuclei, with lobules held

together by thin strands. With this feature the cells are often called polymorphonuclear leukocytes, or just polymorphs.

EosinophilsEosinophils are about the same size as neutrophils but have bilobed nuclei and

abundant coarse cytoplasmic granules. The cytoplasm is often filled with brightly eosinophilic specific granules, but also includes some azurophilic granules. (a): An

eosinophil next to a neutrophil for comparison with its nucleus and granules. (b): Even with granules filling the cytoplasm, the two nuclear lobes of eosinophils are usually

clear.

BasophilsApproximately the same size as neutrophils and eosinophils, but have large, strongly basophilic specific granules which usually obstruct the appearance of the nucleus

having two or three irregular lobes.

LymphocytesLymphocytes are agranulocytes and lack the specific granules characteristic of

granulocytes. (a): Small lymphocytes are slightly larger than the neighboring erythrocytes with spherical nucleus. (b): Medium lymphocytes are distinctly larger than

erythrocytes. (c): Large lymphocytes, much larger than erythrocytes.

MonocytesMonocytes are large agranulocytes that circulate as precursors to macrophages and

other cells of the mononuclear phagocyte system. Monocytes show their eccentric nuclei indented, kidney shaped, or U shaped.

PlateletsPlatelets are cell fragments 2–4 µm in diameter derived from megakaryocytes of

bone marrow. Their primary function is to rapidly release the content of their granules upon contact with collagen to begin the process of clot formation and reduce

blood loss from the vasculature. Platelets (arrows) are often found as aggregates.

Differentiation of Myeloid And

Lymphoid Stem Cells

1. EPO– Erythropoietin2. CSF– Colony Stimulating Factor3. GM-CSF– Granulocyte+Macrophage CSF4. M-CSF– Macrophage CSF5. G-CSF– Granulocyte CSF

Differentiation of Myeloid And Lymphoid Stem Cells

Development of Blood Cells in Red Bone Marrow

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