stairway_ladders.ppt

1293 Airport RoadBeaver, WV 25813

Phone: (304) 253-8674Fax: (304) 253-7758

E-mail: [email protected]

Subpart X-Stairways & Ladders§1926.1050-1060

Vincent J. Giblin, General President

This material was produced under grant number 46C5-HT16 from the Occupational Safety and

Health Administration, U.S. Department of Labor. It does not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the U.S. Department of Labor, nor

does mention of trade names, commercial products, or organizations imply endorsement by

the U.S. Government.

Operating Engineers National Hazmat Program

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IntroductionIntroduction

This subpart applies to all stairways andladders used in construction, alteration repair,and demolition workplaces.This section also designates when ladders andstairways are required to be provided.


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Stairways & LaddersStairways & Ladders1926.1050 Definitions1926.1050 Definitions

Fixed ladder- a ladder that cannot be readilymoved or carried because it is an integral partof a building or structure.Handrail- a rail used to provide employeeswith a handhold for support


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Job-made ladder- a ladder that is fabricated by employees, typically at the construction site, and is not commercially manufactured.

Point of access- all areas used by employee for work related passage from one area or level to another.


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Portable ladder- a ladder that can be readily moved or

Riser height- the vertical distance from the top of a tread to the top of the next higher tread or platform/landing


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Stairrail system- a vertical barrier erected along the unprotected sides and edges of a stairway to prevent employees from falling to lower levels.

Tread depth- the horizontal distance from front to back of a tread.


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Stairways & LaddersStairways & Ladders1926.1051 General Requirements1926.1051 General Requirements


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Stairways & LaddersStairways & Ladders1926.1051 General 1926.1051 General

RequirementsRequirementsAny place there is a break in elevation of 19inches, a stairway, ladder, or ramp, shall beprovided.Employers are to provide and install allstairway and ladder fall protection systems before employees begin working.


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1926.1052 Stairways1926.1052 Stairways

General requirements for stairways:General requirements for stairways: Non permanent stairways used in construction are not to have landings less than 30 inches in the direction of travel

and are to extend at least 22 inches in width at every 12 feet or less of vertical rise.


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General requirements for stairways:General requirements for stairways:

The angle of installation for stairs is to be between 30% and 50% from horizontal.


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1926.1052 Stairways1926.1052 StairwaysGeneral requirements for stairways:General requirements for stairways:

Riser height and tread depth shall be uniform within each flight of stairs with a variation of no more than ¼ inch in any stairway system.


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General requirements for stairways:General requirements for stairways: At least one access point between levels must be kept clear at all times. 2 or more ladders or double-cleated ladder required at access point for area with 25 or more employees.


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Temporary ServiceTemporary Service Unless fitted with secured temporary treads and /or landings, foot traffic is prohibited except during construction of any pan stairs or skeleton metal stairs. Treads for temporary service shall be made of a solid material, installed the full width and depth of the stair


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Stair rails and handrailsStair rails and handrailsStairways with 4 or more risers or rising morethan 30 inches are to be equipped with: At least one handrail One stair rail system alongeach unprotected side. This handrail is to be at a height between 30" and 37".



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Stair rails and handrailsStair rails and handrailsHandrails and the top rails of stair rail systemsshall be capable of withstanding a force of atleast 200 pounds applied within 2 inches of thetop edge, in any downward or outwarddirection, at any point along the top edge.


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Stair rails and handrailsStair rails and handrailsPermanent handrails are to have a clearance of3 inches between the handrail and walls,stair rail systems,and other objects


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1926.1053 Ladders1926.1053 LaddersGeneral RequirementsGeneral Requirements

Ladders shall be capable of supporting thefollowing loads without failure:Self-supporting portable ladder- At least 4 times the

maximum intended loadPortable ladder- At least 4 times the maximum intended loadFixed ladder- At least 2 loads of 250 lbs. each,concentrated

between any 2 consecutive attachments.


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Ladder rungs, cleats, and steps shall be parallel,level, and uniformly spaced when the ladder isin position for use.

On portable ladders, they are to be spaced not less than 10 inches apart, nor more than 14 inches apart and on step stools 8 to 12 inches.


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1926.1053 Ladders1926.1053 Ladders

General RequirementsGeneral Requirements The minimum clear distance between the sides of individual-rung/step ladders and fixed laddersshall be 16 inches.

A clearance of 11½ inches is needed for portableladders.


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Rungs of portable metal ladders and fixed metalladders must be corrugated, dimpled, or coated to prevent slipping.

Ladder components shall be surfaces so as to prevent injury to an employee from punctures or lacerations, and to prevent snagging of clothing.


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Ladders shall not be tied of fastened together toprovide longer sections unless specificallydesigned for that purpose.The minimum perpendicular clearance betweenladder and any obstruction behind the ladder shall be 7 inches.


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1926.1053 Ladders1926.1053 LaddersProper use of LaddersProper use of Ladders

1. Ladder rails are to extend at least 3 feet above the upper landing surface or else it must be secured at its top


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2. Kept cleared of slippery materials3. Not to be loaded beyond their intended maximum load or manufacturers rated capacity


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4. Used only for the purpose for which they were designed5. Fixed ladders are to be at a pitch no greater than 90o from the horizontal.


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6. Use only on stable and level surfaces

7. Do not use on slippery surfaces


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8. Non-self-support ladders are to be used at an angle so that the horizontal distance form the top support to the foot of the ladder is about ¼ of the working length of the ladder.


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9. Secured where ever there is the possibility of displacement by workplace activities.


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10. Not to be moved while occupied.

11. Have nonconductive side rails.

12. Equal support on two-sided ladder rails

13. Area to be Kept clear around tops and bottoms

14. Ladders to be inspected by competent person


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15. Use 3-point climbing: Face the ladder. Have at lest one hand on the ladder at all times. Do not carry a load that could cause you to lose your balance.

WRONG!


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1926.1060 Training 1926.1060 Training RequirementsRequirements

The employer is to provide a training programfor each employee using ladders and stairways,as necessary.This is done to enable each employee to recognize hazards and minimize potential accidents.


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Each worker is to be trained by a competent person in these specific topics:Nature of fall hazardsCorrect procedures foe erecting, maintaining, and disassembling the fall protection systems Proper construction, use, placement, and care in handling of all stairways and ladders The maximum intended load-carrying capabilities of ladders used


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Dangers and hazards that may be avoided include:

No handrails or guardrails Uneven risers Portable ladders not secured Ladder not extended 3 feet above landing Ladders within 10 feet of power lines Fixed ladders without fall protection.

This material was produced under grant number 46C5-HT16 from the Occupational Safety and

Health Administration, U.S. Department of Labor. It does not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the U.S. Department of Labor, nor

does mention of trade names, commercial products, or organizations imply endorsement by

the U.S. Government.


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EndEnd• This publication was made possible by

grant numbers 5 U45 ES06182-13 AND 5 U45 ES09763-13 from the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), NIH. Its contents are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of the NIEHS, NIH.

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