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Involve to Solve Copyright © 2012 TNB Research

CARBON FOOTPRINT INITIATIVE - DEVELOPMENT OF A METHODOLOGY ON CARBON INVENTORY FOR TNB

POWER PLANTS

Presented by: Radin Diana R. Ahmad

Environment Unit TNB Research Sdn. Bhd.

Stakeholder Consultation Workshop for National Carbon Disclosure

Programme 12 July 2012

Involve to Solve Slide No. 2

Copyright © 2012 TNB Research

Outline of Presentation

Introduction

Objective

Methodology

Carbon Footprint Assessment for TNB

Conclusion



TNB’s Drive



By FY2015 (Growth,Global,Green):TNB to be a regional ESI player





TNBR role

• Provide technical advisory services to TNB group

• Becomes the Coordinating body to execute carbon footprint project development through R&D funding

– Conduct carbon footprint assessment for G,T,D.

– Identify operational boundary and sources of emissions.

– Establishment of baseline on carbon footprint for TNB.

– Analysis of carbon footprint and developing strategies/mitigation measure in GHG reduction.



INTRODUCTION

• In 2010, TNB corporate planning has requested Generation Division to embark on the estimation of carbon footprint from its power plants.

• TNB Research was asked to conduct this study to preliminary assess the carbon inventory and develop the methodology to determine the carbon footprint for all TNB power plant.



The main objectives of this project are as follows: 1. To do the preliminary assessment of Carbon Inventory for

TNB Thermal Power Plants

2. To recommend the most suitable methodology of measuring Carbon Footprint for TNB power plants based on International accepted practices

Objective



How To Measure?

The following internationally-recognised guidelines are used:

• GHG Protocol, and

• 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories



Emission Scopes

• Emissions are categorised by ‘scope’ as defined in the GHG Protocol:

– Scope 1, direct emissions

– Scope 2, indirect emissions

– Scope 3, other indirect emissions



Scope 1 – Direct Emissions

• From sources that are owned or controlled by the company



Key steps in calculating CO2 Emissions

Steps Description

Step 1 Collect data on the quantity of fuel combusted on a volume, mass or energy basis

Step 2 If necessary, collect data on the fuel's density and/or calorific/heating value and convert fuel data to a common volume, mass, or energy content basis. The fuel consumption data from Step 1 and the carbon content data from Step 2 should be a common basis before calculating emissions.

Step 3 Estimate carbon content of each of the fuels combusted.

Step 4 Collect data to determine oxidation fraction.

Step 5 Check to ensure that all units are consistent and converted correctly across parameters and facilities.

Step 6 Estimate CO2 emissions



GHG Estimation Formula

• The most common approach used to calculate GHG emissions is to apply documented emission factors to known activity data

GHG Emissions = Activity Data x Emission Factor x GWP

•The GHG estimations will be calculated in the unit of tCO2e



Stationary Combustion

Fuel Use (Volume) Density Fuel Use (Mass)

Litres kg/Litres kg

Fuel Use (Mass) NCV Fuel Use (Energy)

kg TJ/kg TJ

Fuel Use (Energy) Emission Factor Fuel Use (Emissions)

TJ kg GHG/TJ kg GHG

Activity Data = Fuel Consumption from each power plant



Carbon Footprint Assessment for TNB

• TNB needs to develop a carbon footprint assessment.

• This will allow TNB to have an accurate assessment of GHG emissions from its operational activities.



Develop methodology on Carbon Footprint Assessment for

G,T,D

Develop template and procedure in

data collection and analysis

Develop GHG Monitoring Tool

to track and report emissions

Validation/ Verification of

data

G,T,D Carbon Footprint Assessment

Carbon Footprint Process Flow

•Identify the largest source of emissions •Recommendation of mitigation measures

1 2 3



Overall Research Methodology

1. Literature review (Articles, journals etc.) and Technical Discussion.

2. Operational boundary and sources of emission setting

3. Conduct CF Assessment: Data analysis and results

4. Develop database for GHG monitoring tool for CF

• Literature review on distribution CF • Review of IPCC 2006, CDM methodologies,

GHG Protocol and ISO standard • Establish methodology for CF assessment

• Identification of boundary • Identification of sources of emissions i.e.

mobile combustion, fugitive emissions and others

• Data collection • Data input and analysis • Data validation/verification • Results – Comparison with other companies,

countries and etc.

5. Recommendations for mitigation potentials and improvement of CF

6. Awareness on results and findings

Stage 1

Stage

2



Sco

pe

1(D

irec

t):

• Stationary combustion – Boilers , Back-Up Fuel Generator and etc.

• Mobile combustion –TNB’s owned vehicles

• Fugitive emissions – SF6 of the electrical equipment, HFCs from air conditioning and refrigeration systems, HFCs and PFCs from fire suspension equipment, CO2 emissions from fire extinguisher.

• GHG Covered (CO2, HFC,SF6)

Sco

pe

2 (

Ind

irec

t): • Transmission/

Distribution losses

• Electricity used in TNB’s - owned buildings

• GHG Covered (CO2)

Sco

pe

3 (

Op

tio

nal

):

• Staff commuting

• Raw material transportation

• Waste disposal

• GHG Covered (CO2,CH4,N2O)

• CF Assessment for TNB Generation, Transmission and Distribution

•GHG Included: CO2, CH4, N2O, SF6, HFC, PFC



Identify Boundaries and Source of Emissions

Stationary

Combustion

Mobile

Combustion

Fugitive Emission

Other Indirect

Emission

An

alys

is o

f Fu

el D

ata

and

Est

ablis

hm

en

t o

f EF

val

ue

Analysis of Operational Data by using fuel-based analysis method (E

= A x EF (CV x CC x OF) x GWP)

CO2 CH4 Other GHGs:

SF6

Monthly and/or Annual Fuel

Consumption x Carbon

Emission Factor x 44/12

Monthly and/or Annual

Fuel Consumption x CH4 Emission

Factor x 21 GWP

Monthly and/or

Annual Fuel Consumption

x Emission Factor x GWP

GH

G E

mis

sio

ns

= Σ

Act

ivit

y D

ata

x Em

issi

on

Fac

tor

Scope 1

Data Input and Analysis

GHG Emissions Database

Scope 2 and 3

A GHG data processing and assessment as shown below:



Oversight Committee

Deliverables Current efforts & gaps.

Project TOR and scope

Project Deliverables

FY2011

Q3

1st GREENER Meeting (7th Apr 2011)

Quarter

Financial Year

Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

FY2012

2nd GREENER Meeting (4th Aug 2011)

1st Carbon Footprint Meeting (16th Aug 2011)

3rd GREENER Meeting (Q1 FY2012)

4th GREENER Meeting (Q2 FY2012)



Project Stages

• Assessment of current efforts & gaps

•Determination of project TOR & scope

Stage 1

• G,T,D Carbon Footprint Study

Stage 2

• Way forward • Mitigating action to reduce carbon emission

Stage 3

G,T,D baseline carbon

footprint

2nd Carbon Footprint Meeting (Q2 FY2012)

3rd Carbon Footprint Meeting (Q4 FY2012)

Carbon Footprint Initiative: Proposed Plan



Conclusion

• TNB needs to develop a carbon footprint assessment. On the other hand, TNB’s would have a complete data set on CO2 or GHG emissions which enables the company to track the GHG emissions and manage its GHG programs.

• This will allow TNB to have an accurate assessment of GHG emissions from its operational activities.



Contacts:-

Radin Diana R. Ahmad ([email protected])

Ir. Mohd Noh Ahmad ([email protected])

Ahmad Rosly Abbas ([email protected])

Md. Fauzan Kamal ([email protected])

TNB Research Sdn. Bhd.

No. 1, Lorong Ayer Itam,

Kawasan Institusi Penyelidikan,

43000 Kajang, Selangor, MALAYSIA

Tel: +603-89225000 Fax: +603-89268828 / 29

mailto:[email protected]

mailto:[email protected]

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