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Stakeholder Participation and
Analysis
What is meaningful participation?
What is a stakeholder?
Why stakeholder participation?
What is participation?
Why stakeholder analysis?
How to do a stakeholder analysis?
Outline of Presentation
Meaningful Participation
Takes place when stakeholders are part of the decision making process
Requires that stakeholders at al levels of the social structure have an opportunity to participate in the decision-making process
A participatory approach is the only means for achieving long lasting consensus and common agreement
Is about taking responsibility, engaging and informing
Only the stakeholders’ interests in and acceptance of the water resources management make it possible to implement in reality.
Why do we need stakeholder involvement?
Stakeholder participation
Where and how should stakeholders be involved?
Stakeholder participation
WRM Stakeholder roles
Basin planning
Problem identification, priority setting, situation analysis, approval.
Water Allocation
Advisory, monitoring and reporting, decision making.
Pollution control
Monitoring, reporting, permitting
What is a stakeholder?
Stakeholdersare those who have an interest in and/or
affected by a particular decision, either as individuals or representatives of a group. This includes people who influence a decision, or can influence it, as well as those affected by it.
RightsStakeholders should be able to participate
meaningfully in decision making
ResponsibilitiesStakeholders should play their part in
delivering sustainable development
What is a stakeholder?
Those who are affected by the project… . And those we depend on for its success…
User group – people who use the resources or services in an area
Interest groups – people who have an interest in, or who can affect the use of a resource or service
Beneficiaries of the project/service
Decision-makers
Those often excluded for the decision-making process
Stakeholder grouping – could include…
Ex. Expansion of secondary road connecting to NSEC project
Use – who uses or benefits from the use of the resources…?
Economics – who may win or lose as a result…?
Mandate – who makes decisions, who has rights…
Proximity – who lives near the resources…
Values – who may have strong beliefs about specific use…?
Stakeholders – who?
Stakeholders are not only those who shout the loudest. Those who are often excluded from the decision-making process due to age, gender or ethnicity are those who are most likely to lose out if they are not included in the project planning.
We need to think about how to ensure that these stakeholders are also involved…
But… very seldom… people are powerless… and they have responsibility to engage themselves
TIP – Stakeholders – who…?
Interests
Economic Cultural Recreational Religious Geographical Others
What is a stakeholder?
Why stakeholder participation?
Why stakeholder participation?
Benefits to planners
• Good basis for accountability• More information and understanding of context
Benefits to decision-makers
• Informed and improved decisions• Legitimacy of governance improved
Benefits to developers
• Save costs as issues are identified upfront• Community relations improved • Developers’ image and reputation enhanced
Benefits to civil society
• Capacity building and new knowledge through participation• More sustainable development
Dept. of InfrastructureIrrigation user group
Mining Company
Ministry of health
GovernmentLocal
Local community
Financing institution
Ministry of Finance
Irrigation department
Water supplycompany
NGObiodiversity
Hydropower company
Int. donors
Can we achieve...
sustainability?
Economic
Ecological
Social
Common goal - sustainability
Stakeholder Analysis
The objectives of stakeholder analysis:
Improve the project’s understanding of the needs of those affected by a problem
Reduce, or hopefully remove, potential negative project impacts
Identify who should be encouraged to take part in the project planning and implementation
Identify and reduce risks – this involves identifying possible conflicts of interest and expectation among stakeholders so that conflict is avoided
Why stakeholders analysis?
Steps for stakeholder identification, stakeholder mapping and assessment of the process Who are the stakeholders in SUMALOM ? Mapping stakeholder interests,
influence and characteristics Identify patterns and contexts of
stakeholder interaction Assess stakeholder power, potential,
and influence Assess options and use findings to make
progress
1. Stakeholder Identification
Identify and describe all individuals, groups, organizations and institutions
Identify stakeholders through key staff of key agencies or records or stakeholder self-selection or a combination of these methods
Categorize stakeholders into primary and secondary, internal and external
2. Mapping stakeholder interests, influence and Characteristics
Understand interests, expectations, benefits and losses of stakeholders
Differentiate between institutional/ organizational and individual stakeholders
…the stakeholder analysis seeks to answer:
Who are the key stakeholders? What are their interests and influence?
Develop strategic measures… How should we best engage various
stakeholders? Who needs their capacity built to be
able to participate meaningfully?
How to do stakeholder analysis?
Anticipate the kind of interest/influence (positive or
negative) the key stakeholders may have on the project.
“Interest” could be described in terms of potential costs and benefits
“Influence” in terms of power/control
How to do stakeholder analysis? Continued…
StakeholdersSUMALOM – NAM TON
Interest in process/ project
+/-(how affected)
Influence on process/ Project
+/-(how much
power)
How to engage?
Stakeholder needs for awareness and/or capacity building
Village women
+ Easy access to clean water+ Direct user- Less social interaction
+ Direct user- Little voice in community
Stakeholder identification , analysis and strategic considerations
High
High
LowInfluence
List of stakeholders
1. X2. X3. X4. X5. X6. X7. X8. X9. X10.X
Interest
1
10
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Stakeholder Mapping
High
LowInfluence
High
Interest
Stakeholders Map
List
High
LowInfluence Hig
h
Interest
Key players
Very interested in the project, and high impact on decision-making
* Should be closely involved throughout to ensure their support
Stakeholders Map – Types and Levels of Stakeholder Involvement
High
LowInfluence Hig
h
Interest
Key subjects
Very interested in the project, but little influence
Less impact on decision-making
*Require special efforts to ensure that needs are met and participation meaningful
Stakeholders Map – Types and Levels (cont.)
High
LowInfluence Hig
h
Interest
Key setters
Not so interested in the project, but has high influence.
Impact on decision making Could be a risk?
* Need to be kept informed and views acknowledged
Stakeholders Map – Types and Levels (cont.)
High
LowInfluence
High
Interest
Crowd
Less important
*Unlikely to be closely involved in the project and no special strategies are required
Stakeholders Map – Types and Levels (cont.)
3. Identify patterns and contexts of stakeholder interaction
Understand the relationships between stakeholders
Explore points of cooperation and conflict among them
Explore points of convergence and/or divergence with IWRM principles and framework
5. Assess options and use findings to make progress
Review progress based on the four previous steps and plan engagement pathways for stakeholders accordingly
Stakeholder tables can be used to organize information on each stakeholders’ interests, power, influence and involvement with the project.