Standalone Administration and Overvie · 2003. 5. 27. · 11i v4 • Self tuning, self adapting...

Page - 1April 7th 2003hp-ux & Tru64 SysAdmin Overview.ppt © 2003

26th DECUS Symposium

www.decus.de

HP-UX and Tru64 UNIX®

Side-by-Side

Standalone Administration and

Overview

Jan Mark HolzerSenior Member of Technical Staff

Enterprise UNIX® [email protected]

April 7th, 2003

http://www.tru64.org/~jmh/decus2003/



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agenda

• road maps for HP UNIX® offerings

• how different or alike?

– common "UNIX is UNIX" core

– functionally equivalent enterprise features

– differentiating value-add features

• device management and storage

– journal file systems

• administrative frameworks and installation

– system administration framework

– SMP and platform partitioning

– resource management -frameworks

• clustering

– TruCluster Server and MC/Service Guard

• latest enterprise features

agenda

HP-UX and Tru64 UNIX® –A Side-by-Side Comparison

Actual company and product names mentioned herein are the trademarks of their respective owners.



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#1 scalability#1 reliability, availability and

serviceability#1 systems management#1 internet and web

application services#1 directory and security

services

hp-ux 11i is ranked #1 in all five categories

Tru64 UNIX® is ranked #1 in scalability and systems management

hp-ux 11i

(DH Brown 2002)



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title text

• strong leadership

• high-end scalability

• mission-critical availability

• manageability

• workload management

• security



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UNIX® operating system roadmap(HP-UX and HP Tru64 UNIX)

02 03 04 05

V5.1B• Scalability• System Mgmt

11i• RAS• Internet Web• Directory/Security• Scalability• Manageability

HP-UX

HP Tru64 UNIX

HP-UX withTru64 UNIX features

11i v4

• Self tuning, self adapting vertically and horizontally

customer value—investment protection and a better HP-UX

V5.Vail• Common

System Mgmt

V5. Utah

** Sales thru at least 2006, support thru at least 2011

11i v1.5 11i v1.6• McKinley

11i v2Begin the migration

11i v3Scalability/Mgmt

• TruCluster technology

• AdvFS (16 TB)• Migration tools

Phase II• Common System

Mgmt

• Migration tools Phase I

• Common System Mgmt

Planning and Pilots Itanium® Phase In



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Best-in-Class TruCluster/Storage Components

Cluster File SystemAdvFS File System and UtilitiesCluster Volume Manager (under discussion)

Cluster Storage with cluster-wide device namesCluster Application Availability (CAA)

High bandwidth, low latency, interconnect independent DataBase Messaging API (RDG)

Cluster Alias



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o/s release history

1st ReleaseDEC OSF/1

~’88 DEC OSF/1 1.2

Mar. ‘93

DEC OSF/1 2.0

Mar. ‘94Digital UNIX

3.0Aug. ‘94

Tru64 UNIX 4.0

Jun. ‘96

Tru64 UNIX5.0

Aug. ‘99Tru64 UNIX

5.1Aug. ‘00

1st Release~’82

HP-UX9.04

Nov. ‘93HP-UX10.01Jul. ‘95

HP-UX10.10

Feb. ‘96HP-UX10.20

Aug. ‘96

HP-UX10.30

Aug. ‘97HP-UX11.0

Nov. ‘97

HP-UX11i

Jun. ‘00

Tru64 UNIX® on AlphaServer



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processor release history

PA 1.032-bit 1986

PA 1.1 – 32-bit1989

PA 7x00 PA 2.0 – 64-bit1994

PA8000, PA8200,PA8500

EV7 – 2136464-bit2002

PA 2. 0 – 64-bit2001

PA8600, PA8700

Itanium ®2001

EV68 – 64-bit2001

EV6 – 2126464-bit1998

EV56 – 2116464-bit1995

EV4 – 2106464-bit1992

Itanium ® 22002



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UNIX® historiesTru64 UNIX® ~1990

replaced Digital’s earlier BSD based UNIX - Ultrixstarting point - Open Software Foundation’s (OSF) OSF/1

low level kernel services – CMU Machhigher level kernel services – BSD UNIXcompatibility APIs, libs and tools for SysV UNIX

continued Digital/Compaq enterprise enhancementsHP-UX ~1982

starting point – mix of BSD and AT&T’s UNIX technologycontinual enhancements and infusions

System V releases BSD APIs and toolsOSF HP enterprise enhancements



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common “UNIX® is UNIX” coreTru64 UNIX® and HP-UX share a common core of basic programming, user and admin interfaces around UNIX traditions and standards

– user/group accounts– shells– file and directory commands– rooted tree and basic file system

directory layout– process/job control including

cron and at

• common history in UNIX traditions and development• UNIX standardization efforts begun around ~90, POSIX, X/OPEN

and standards group define a core of APIs and functionality that both O/Ss adhere to

• examples:– system ASCII message and error logs– system startup, run-levels and shutdown – basic IP network Interface and services

configuration– kernel building



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users, groups and shells

/usr/bin/csh[/usr]/bin/cshC shell/usr/bin/sh[/usr]/bin/posix/shPOSIX shell/usr/bin/ksh[/usr]/bin/kshkorn shell(removed with 11i 1.5)[/usr]/bin/shbourne shellman 1 sh/etc/shells, man shshell information

/etc/profile/etc/profilesystem-wide shell startup file

useraddadduser, useraddcommand-line utilities to add a user

/etc/skel/usr/skeldefault user account definition

/etc/passwd

/etc/group

/etc/passwd

/etc/group

user and group filesHP-UX 11i v1.6Tru64 UNIX® V5.1A



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manipulating files and file systems

df, bdfdflist mounted file systems

/etc/fstab

/sbin/bcheckrc

/etc/fstab

/sbin/bcheckrc

boot time mounted file systems

mount, umountmount, umountmounting/unmountingfile systems

ls, cd, find, …ls, cd, find, …user file and dir commands

HP-UX 11i v1.6Tru64 UNIX® V5.1A



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file system directory hierarchy

No – cluster file system

/clustercluster member specific files

/var/var

/lib/usr/lib, /usr/shliblibraries

/usr/usr

/tmp/tmp

/stand/vmunix /stand/vmunix, /subsys, /syskernel and kernel builds

/sbin/sbinsystem binaries

/opt, /var/opt/opt,/usr/opt,/var/optoptional software

/netremote NFS mount

/mnt/mnttemporary mount

/lost+found/lost+found

/home/home, /usr/usersdefault user home dirs

/exportdiskless file sharing

/etc/etcconfiguration files

/dev/dev, /devicesdevice special files

//




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basic processes and jobs

/var/spool/cron/atjobs/var/spool/cron/atjobs

/var/adm/cron/log/var/adm/cron/log

/var/spool/cron/crontab/var/spool/cron/crontab

/var/adm/cron/var/adm/cron

/usr/sbin/cron/usr/sbin/croncron, at, batch

ps (ps UNIX95), kill, nice, renice

ps, kill, nice, reniceprocess control




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system logs

/var/adm/kl.KLOGXX/var/adm/binary.errlog

klbinlogd

/etc/nettlgen.conf/etc/binlog.confBINARY logs

/var/adm/syslog/syslog.log/var/adm/syslog.dated/

XXX/

[kern|daemon,].log

syslogdsyslogd

/etc/syslog.conf/etc/syslog.confASCII Logs




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startup and shutdown

shutdown, rebootshutdown, rebootshutdown

/etc/rc.config.d/XX/etc/rc.config

/sbin/rc[0|2|3|4].d/sbin/rc[0|2|3].d

/sbin/rc/sbin/rc[2|3]

/etc/inittab

(initdefault 3)

/etc/inittab

(initdefault 3)

initinitstartup




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Example - NFS startup scripts

HP-UX 11i v1.6# find /sbin/rc* -name "*nfs*" -print

/sbin/rc1.d/K600nfs.core

/sbin/rc1.d/K570nfs.client

/sbin/rc2.d/S400nfs.core

/sbin/rc2.d/S430nfs.client

/sbin/rc2.d/K900nfs.server

/sbin/rc3.d/S100nfs.server

# ls /sbin/init.d/*nfs*

/sbin/init.d/nfs.client/sbin/init.d/nfs.core

/sbin/init.d/nfs.server

#

Tru64 UNIX® V5.1A# find /sbin/rc* -name "*nfs*" -print

/sbin/rc0.d/K30nfs

/sbin/rc0.d/K35nfsmount

/sbin/rc2.d/K35nfs

/sbin/rc2.d/K40nfsmount

/sbin/rc3.d/S19nfs

/sbin/rc3.d/S20nfsmount

# ls /sbin/init.d/*nfs*

/sbin/init.d/nfs/sbin/init.d/nfsmount

#



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Example, NFS settings - Tru64 UNIX®/etc/rc.config#!/bin/sh

…

#

. /etc/rc.config.common

DISPLAYTYPE=

MAX_NETDEVS=

NETDEV_2=

NETDEV_3=

…

IFCONFIG_7=

PAGEMINSZ=0

PAGEMAXSZ=0

COLLECT_AUTORUN="0"

COLLECT_COMPRESSION="1"

COLLECT_ARGS=

export DISPLAYTYPE HOSTNAME …

…

/etc/rc.config.common#!/bin/sh…NUM_NFSIOD="7"export NUM_NFSIODAUTOMOUNT="1"export AUTOMOUNTAUTOMOUNT_ARGS="-v -D MACH=alpha”export AUTOMOUNT_ARGSNFS_CONFIGURED="1"export NFS_CONFIGUREDNFSSERVING="1"export NFSSERVINGNFSLOCKING="1"export NFSLOCKINGMOUNTOPTS="-i"export MOUNTOPTSNONROOTMOUNTS="0"export NONROOTMOUNTS…



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Example, NFS settings – HP-UX (1 of 2)/etc/rc.config…

for CFG_FILE in /etc/rc.config.d/* /etc/TIMEZONE

do

fname=${CFG_FILE##*/} # get file basename

if [ -f $CFG_FILE -a "$fname" != "core" -a "${fname##*[.,~\#]}" = "$fname" ]

then . $CFG_FILE # source a valid config file

fi

done

#

/etc/rc.config.dLANG crashconf hpfcmsconf nddconf swconfig

Rpcd cron hpgelanconf netconf syncer

acct dce hpintl100conf netdaemons syslogd

audio desktop kl nettl tps

auditing ems kminit nfsconf vt

cde emsagtconf list_mode omni xfs

clean fc_td_conf lp ptydaemon

clean_tmps hparamgr mailservs pwgr

clean_uucp hparray mwa savecrash

comsec hpetherconf namesvrs set_date



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Example, NFS settings – HP-UX (2 of 2)/etc/rc.config.d/nfsconf##********************** NFSCONF ******************************

#

…

NFS_CLIENT=1

NFS_SERVER=1

NUM_NFSD=16

NUM_NFSIOD=16

PCNFS_SERVER=1

…

LOCKD_OPTIONS=""

STATD_OPTIONS=""

MOUNTD_OPTIONS=""

# automount configuration

#

…



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network interfaces and services

Auto Port Aggregation (APA)Link Aggregation (LAG)aggregation between physical NICs

LAN MonitorNetRAINfailover between physical NICs

/etc/services/etc/servicesnetwork services config file

/etc/inetd.conf/etc/inetd.confnetwork services daemon config file

/usr/sbin/inetd/usr/sbin/inetdnetwork services daemon

lanscan

ifconfig interfaceifconfig -ashow configured

interfaces

/etc/rc.config.d/hpetherconf

/etc/rc.config.d/netconf

/etc/rc.configinterface settings

lanXlnX, eeXinterface names




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kernel builds and configuration

Kmsystem, kmtunesysconfig, /etc/sysconfigtab

dynamic interfaces

Configure, sysdef, system_prep, mk_kernel

doconfigtools

/stand/system/sys/conf/HOSTbuild definition file

/stand/build/sys/HOSTkernel build area

/stand/vmunix (HFS –stand)

/vmunixlocation of kernel




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Tru64 UNIX® Kernel Info/Tuning Framework

# sysconfig –s

cm: loaded and configured

hs: loaded and configured

ksm: loaded and configured

psm: loaded and configured

generic: loaded and configured

io: loaded and configured

ipc: loaded and configured

proc: loaded and configured

rt: loaded and configured

sec: loaded and configured

socket: loaded and configured

uipc: loaded and configured

bsd_tty: loaded and configured

…

# sysconfig -q vm

vm:

ubc_minpercent = 10

ubc_maxpercent = 100

ubc_borrowpercent = 20

vm_max_wrpgio_kluster = 32768

vm_max_rdpgio_kluster = 16384

vm_cowfaults = 4

vm_segmentation = 1

vm_ubcpagesteal = 24

vm_ubcfilemaxdirtypages = 4294967295

vm_ubcdirtypercent = 40

…

Example – vm tunable settings



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HP-UX Kernel Tuning Framework# kmtune –l

Parameter: NSTRBLKSCHED

Current: -

Planned: 2

Default: 2

Minimum: -

Module: -

Version: -

Dynamic: No

Parameter: NSTREVENT

Current: -

Planned: 50

Default: 50

Minimum: -

Module: -

Version: -

Dynamic: No

…



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HP-UX Kernel Information (1 of 3)# lsdev

Character Block Driver Class

0 -1 cn pseudo

1 -1 asio0 tty

2 -1 LCentIf ext_bus

3 -1 mm pseudo

4 -1 dev_acpi pseudo

5 -1 acpi_node acpi_node

6 -1 keybd_ps2 ps2

7 -1 ipmi ipmi

8 -1 devkrs pseudo

…



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HP-UX Kernel Information (2 of 3)#ioscan -f

Class I H/W Path Driver S/W State H/W Type Description

===============================================================================

root 0 root CLAIMED BUS_NEXUS

ioa 0 0 sba CLAIMED BUS_NEXUS System Bus

ioa 1 0/16 sba CLAIMED BUS_NEXUS F16 Port

ba 0 0/16/1 lba CLAIMED BUS_NEXUS lba Bridge

ba 1 0/16/1/3/0 legacyio CLAIMED BUS_NEXUS Legacy IO C

tty 0 0/16/1/3/0/1 asio0 CLAIMED INTERFACE Built-in RS

tty 1 0/16/1/3/0/2 asio0 CLAIMED INTERFACE Built-in RS

ext_bus 0 0/16/1/3/0/3 LCentIf CLAIMED INTERFACE Built-in Pa

ps2 0 0/16/1/3/0/4 keybd_ps2 CLAIMED INTERFACE Built-in Ke

ipmi 0 0/16/1/3/0/5 ipmi CLAIMED INTERFACE IPMI Contro

acpi_node 0 0/16/1/3/0/6 acpi_node CLAIMED INTERFACE ACPI Device

sideba 0 0/16/1/3/1 side_ba CLAIMED INTERFACE Intel IDE c

…



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HP-UX Kernel Information (3 of 3)# sysdef

NAME VALUE BOOT MIN-MAX UNITS FLAGS

acctresume 4 - -100-100 -

acctsuspend 2 - -100-100 -

allocate_fs_swapmap 0 - - -

bufpages 210272 - 0- Pages -

create_fastlinks 0 - - -

dbc_max_pct 50 - - -

dbc_min_pct 5 - - -

default_disk_ir 0 - - -

dskless_node 0 - 0-1 -

eisa_io_estimate 768 - - -

file_pad 10 - 0- -

fs_async 0 - 0-1 -

hpux_aes_override 0 - - -

maxdsiz 65536 - 0-655360 Pages -

maxdsiz_64bit 262144 - 256-1048576 Pages -

maxfiles 60 - 30-2048 -

…



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functionally equivalent enterprise featuresTru64 UNIX® and HP-UX share a common set of “functional equivalent” features to meet enterprise computing needs

• UNIX vendors added competing enterprise features during the 90’s• paradigms often the same• interfaces different and vendor specific• examples

– journal file systems– volume management, HP-UX with LVM– hardware management– centralized management with GUI capability– graphical, automated and cloned installations– CPU resource management – assuming Aurema ARMtech™ with Tru64

UNIX– using multiple NICs for a single network interfaces– event management systems



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differentiating value-add features

In some areas, Tru64 UNIX® and HP-UX have relative competitive advantages through differentiating features•examples

– Tru64 UNIX– TruCluster Single Image Clustering – build-in multi-pathing storage

– HP-UX– integrated resource/workload management– RAS – OLAR, resiliency functions, partitioning– built-in Security Functions



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storage

HFSUFSlegacy Berkley file system

VxFS (Third party from Veritas Software)

AdvFS (owned and developed by Compaq)

journal file system

LVM of IBM/OSF heritageVxVM (third party from Veritas)

LSM - licensed port of Veritas VxVM

volume manager

pvlinks - extension to LVM, must be configured for each disk,

built-in to single system and cluster, auto-configured and automatically used on all storage

multi-pathing

physical location dependent

physical location independent

device naming




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scaling

1X1 (NXM soon)NXMthreading

64 with legacy 3264 Cleanbits

256GB256GBmemory

64 32CPUs

2 TB16 TBfile system size

2 TB16 TBfile size

HP-UX11i v1.6

Tru64 UNIX®

V5.1A



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hardware management – Tru64 UNIX® hwmgr

# hwmgr -view hierHWID: hardware hierarchy--------------------------------------------------------

1: platform AlphaServer 1000A 5/4002: cpu CPU06: bus pci09: connection pci0slot828: bus pci129: connection pci1slot039: scsi_adapter isp040: scsi_bus scsi048: disk bus-0-targ-1-lun-0 dsk049: disk bus-0-targ-4-lun-0 cdrom050: disk bus-0-targ-14-lun-0 dsk131: connection pci1slot141: scsi_adapter pza042: scsi_bus scsi151: disk bus-1-targ-1-lun-0 dsk2



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hardware management – HP-UX ioscan# ioscanH/W Path Class Description===========================================================

root0 ioa System Bus Adapter0/16 ioa F16 Port0/16/1 ba lba Bridge0/16/1/3/0 ba Legacy IO Core I/O Adapter0/16/1/3/0/1 tty Built-in RS-232C0/16/1/3/0/2 tty Built-in RS-232C0/16/1/3/0/3 ext_bus Built-in Parallel Interface0/16/1/3/0/4 ps2 Built-in Keyboard0/16/1/3/0/5 ipmi IPMI Controller0/16/1/3/0/6 acpi_node ACPI Device0/16/1/3/1 sideba Intel IDE controller0/16/1/3/1.0 ext_bus ide_ch0/16/1/3/1.0.0 target0/16/1/3/1.0.0.0 disk MATSHITALS-120 SLIM4 000/16/1/3/1.0.7 target0/16/1/3/1.0.7.0 ctl Initiator0/16/1/3/1.1 ext_bus ide_ch0/16/1/3/1.1.0 target



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HP-UX disk device special namingc#t#d#[s#]• c# card instance

– class and instance number can be seen in the first two columns of /usr/sbin/ioscan -f output.

• t# target address of the device on the interface bus– The address can range from 0 to 7 for a single-ended device, and

from 0 to 15 for a fast wide device.

• d# device number– and can range from 0 to 7 maximum. On SCSI devices, d# is the

SCSI LUN. Except for multi-function devices, d# is typically d0.

• s# section number (aka partition) – optional; made available for backward compatibility– section 0 now represents the entire disk



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What disk devices do I have? – Tru64 UNIX® # hwmgr -view devices

HWID: Device Name Mfg Model Location

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

3: /dev/dmapi/dmapi

4: /dev/scp_scsi

5: /dev/kevm

27: /dev/disk/floppy0c 3.5in floppy fdi0-unit-0

48: /dev/disk/dsk0c DEC RZ1CB-CA (C) DEC bus-0-targ-1-lun-0

49: /dev/disk/cdrom0c DEC RRD46 (C) DEC bus-0-targ-4-lun-0


51: /dev/disk/dsk2c DEC RZ1CB-CS (C) DEC bus-1-targ-1-lun-0














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What storage devices do I have? – HP-UX# ioscan -fn -C disk


==============================================================================

disk 0 0/16/1/3/1.0.0.0 sflop CLAIMED DEVICE MATSHITALS

/dev/floppy/c1t0d0 /dev/rfloppy/c1t0d0

disk 1 0/16/1/3/1.1.0.0 sdisk CLAIMED DEVICE HITACHI DV

/dev/dsk/c2t0d0 /dev/rdsk/c2t0d0

disk 2 0/18/1/2/0.0.0.0 sdisk CLAIMED DEVICE QUANTUM AT

/dev/dsk/c3t0d0 /dev/dsk/c3t0d0s2 /dev/rdsk/

/dev/dsk/c3t0d0s1 /dev/rdsk/c3t0d0 /dev/rdsk/

disk 3 0/18/1/2/0.0.1.0 sdisk CLAIMED DEVICE QUANTUM

/dev/dsk/c3t1d0 /dev/dsk/c3t1d0s2 /dev/rdsk/

/dev/dsk/c3t1d0s1 /dev/rdsk/c3t1d0 /dev/rdsk/



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device special file location

/dev/vgXX/dskLVM volumes

/dev/vx/dsk/dev/vol/XX/LSM / VXM volumes

/dev/rmt/dev[ices]/rtape

/dev[ices]/ntape

Tapes

/dev/floppy

/dev/rfloppy

/dev[ices]/disk

/dev[ices]/rdisk

Floppies

/dev/dsk

/dev/rdsk

/dev[ices]/disk

/dev[ices]/rdisk

disks, cdroms




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Special Files and Misc.HP-UX 11i v1.6• mksf, lssf, rmsf

• mknod

# lssf /dev/rdsk/c3t1d0

sdisk card instance 3 SCSI target 1 SCSI LUN 0 section 0 at address 0/18/1/2/0.0.1.0 /dev/rdsk/c3t1d0

# diskinfo –v /dev/rdsk/c3t1d0

SCSI describe of /dev/rdsk/c3t1d0:

vendor: QUANTUM

product id: ATLAS_V_36_SCA

type: direct access

size: 35861388 Kbytes

bytes per sector: 512

rev level: 0230

blocks per disk: 71722776

…

Tru64 UNIX V5.1A• dsfmgr,file

• mknod,

# file /dev/rdisk/dsk0c

/dev/rdisk/dsk0c: character special (19/22) SCSI #0 "RZ1CB-CA" disk #0 (SCSI ID #1) (SCSI LUN #0)

# hwmgr -get attributes -id 48

48:

name = SCSI-WWID:04100024:"DEC RZ1CB-CA (C) DEC184728759717"

category = disk

sub_category = generic

architecture = SCSI

phys_location = bus-0-targ-1-lun-0

dev_base_name = dsk0

…



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listing disks, Tru64 UNIX®# hwmgr -view devicesHWID: Device Name Mfg Model Location----------------------------------------------------------------

3: /dev/dmapi/dmapi4: scp (unknown) (unknown)5: /dev/kevm

29: /dev/disk/floppy0c 3.5in floppy fdi0-unit-037: /dev/disk/dsk0c Maxtor 5T020H2 bus-0-targ-0-lun-038: /dev/disk/cdrom0c COMPAQ CD-224E bus-1-targ-0-lun-039: /dev/disk/dsk101c COMPAQ BD009635C3 bus-2-targ-0-lun-040: /dev/disk/dsk102c COMPAQ BD009635C3 bus-2-targ-1-lun-041: /dev/disk/dsk103c COMPAQ BD03664553 bus-2-targ-2-lun-0

. . .



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listing disks, HP-UX# ioscan -fn -C disk


==============================================================================

disk 0 0/16/1/3/1.0.0.0 sflop CLAIMED DEVICE MATSHITALS-120

/dev/floppy/c1t0d0 /dev/rfloppy/c1t0d0

disk 1 0/16/1/3/1.1.0.0 sdisk CLAIMED DEVICE HITACHI DVD-ROM

/dev/dsk/c2t0d0 /dev/rdsk/c2t0d0

disk 2 0/18/1/2/0.0.0.0 sdisk CLAIMED DEVICE QUANTUM ATLAS IV 9

/dev/dsk/c3t0d0 /dev/dsk/c3t0d0s2 /dev/rdsk/c3t0d0s1

/dev/dsk/c3t0d0s1 /dev/rdsk/c3t0d0 /dev/rdsk/c3t0d0s2

disk 3 0/18/1/2/0.0.1.0 sdisk CLAIMED DEVICE QUANTUM ATLAS_V_36_

/dev/dsk/c3t1d0 /dev/dsk/c3t1d0s2 /dev/rdsk/c3t1d0s1

/dev/dsk/c3t1d0s1 /dev/rdsk/c3t1d0 /dev/rdsk/c3t1d0s2



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unique identification with “WWID”

# hwmgr -show scsi -did 0 -full

SCSI DEVICE DEVICE DRIVER NUM DEVICE FIRST

HWID: DEVICEID HOSTNAME TYPE SUBTYPE OWNER PATH FILE VALID PATH

-------------------------------------------------------------------------

17: 0 ernie disk none 2 2 dsk0 [0/3/0]

WWID:0410004c:"DEC RZ26 (C) DECPCB=412225056947(ZG25056947 ); HDA=0000030635357245"

BUS TARGET LUN PATH STATE

------------------------------

0 3 0 valid

2 3 0 valid



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Standard Disk Device Drivers

wwid pathsxxx yyy,zzz

/dev/dsk11

/dev/vg02/dsk5

/dev/dsk/c4t0d0

Volume Manager (LVM)

/dev/dsk/c6t0d0

Tru64 UNIX® Multi-Pathing HP-UX pvlinks Multi-Pathing

Volume Manager, File System or end-user

Standard Disk Device Drivers

File System or end-user



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multi-pathing in TruCluster Server

Cluster Interconnect

Public Network Access

Alpha1 Alpha2

Memory ChannelHub

Memory ChannelHub

Public Network AccessNetRAINConfiguredAdapters

Storage ControllerStorage Controller

Storage ControllerStorage Controller

Fibre ChannelSwitch

Fibre ChannelSwitch

RAID 0+1 Storage Arrays RAID 0+1 Storage Arrays

“Build”disk

HSG80Controllers

/dev/disk/dsk101[a-c] anywhere in the cluster through any adapter



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Volume Manager (LSM) Devices? – Tru64 UNIX®# volprint

Disk group: rootdg

TY NAME ASSOC KSTATE LENGTH PLOFFS STATE TUTIL0 PUTIL0

dg rootdg rootdg - - - - - -

dm dsk2g dsk2g - 1783808 - - - -

v vol1 fsgen ENABLED 204800 - ACTIVE - -

pl vol1-01 vol1 ENABLED 204800 - ACTIVE - -

sd dsk2g-01 vol1-01 ENABLED 204800 0 - - -

v vol2 fsgen ENABLED 204800 - ACTIVE - -

pl vol2-01 vol2 ENABLED 204800 - ACTIVE - -

sd dsk2g-02 vol2-01 ENABLED 204800 0 - - -

…



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Volume Manager (VxVM) Devices? – HP-UX# vxprint

Disk group: rootdg

TY NAME ASSOC KSTATE LENGTH PLOFFS STATE TUTIL0 PUTIL0

dg rootdg rootdg - - - - - -

dm disk01 c3t1d0 - 35860236 - - - -

dm rootdisk01 c3t0d0s2 - 8864672 - - - -

v homevol fsgen ENABLED 20480 - ACTIVE - -

pl homevol-01 homevol ENABLED 20480 - ACTIVE - -

sd rootdisk01-05 homevol-01 ENABLED 20480 0 - - -

v optvol fsgen ENABLED 2097152 - ACTIVE - -

pl optvol-01 optvol ENABLED 2097152 - ACTIVE - -

sd rootdisk01-06 optvol-01 ENABLED 323083 0 - - -

sd disk01-01 optvol-01 ENABLED 1774069 323083 - - -

…



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LSM VxVM Feature ComparisonHP-UX 11i v1.6

VxVM 3.2Tru64 5.1A LSM

(VxVM 2.3 Code Base)Layered Volumes Yes NoRAID 5 Yes Yesvmsa GUI Yes lsmsaOnline Relayout (vxrelayout) Yes NoDirty Regoin Logging Yes YesDisassociating a plex for backup (volpex dis plex)

Yes Yes

Snapshot volumes (volassist snapshot …)

Yes Yes

Non-Persistant Fast Resync (Fast Mirror Resynchronization (FMR))

Yes No

Persistant Fast Resync (Data Change Object (DCO))

Yes Wildcat 5.1B (Smash and Resilvering Log (SRL))

SmartSync Recovery Accelerator for Databases

Yes No

Hot Spares / Relocation Yes YesDynamic MultiPathing (DMP) Yes NA - base OS handles in

SCSI/CAMResize coordinated with FileSystem (vxresize)

Yes NA - AdvFS has addvol model

Power Fail Timeout vxpft Yes NA - handled in SCSI/CAMTask Management vxtask Yes NoAutoconfig Yes YesConfig load balancing Yes YesDyamic IO Sizes Yes YesConfiguration Saving Yes (dgcfgbackup,

dgcfgrestore)Yes (volsave, volrestore)



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Veritas volume manager commandsTru64 UNIX® V5.1A# man lsmvolintro(8) volintro(8)

…

volassist, vold, voldg, voldiskadm, voledit, volencap, volinfo, volinstall,

voliod, vollogcnvt, volmend, volnotify, volplex, volprint, volrecover, vol-

reconfig, volrootmir, volsd, volsetup, volstat, voltrace, volume, volwatch

…

# man lsmsa

HP-UX 11i v1.6# man vxintrovxintro(1M) VERITAS Volume Manager vxintro(1M)

…

vxassist, vxconfigd, vxdctl, vxdg, vxdisk, vxdiskadd, vxdiskadm,

vxedit, vxevac, vxinfo, vxiod, vxmake, vxmend, vxmirror, vxnotify,

vxpfto, vxplex, vxprint, vxr5check, vxreattch, vxrecover, vxrelayout,

vxrelocd, vxresize, vxsd, vxsparecheck, vxstat, vxtask, vxtrace,

vxvmconvert, vxvol

…

# man vmsa



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journal file systems

fsadmdefragmenton-line defragmentation

snapshots (mount –F vxfs –o snapof=…)

clones (clonefset, mount)

read-only file system copies

(volume mgr cmds),fsadm

addvol, rmvolon-line resize

external tool fsck, run in bcheckrc

automatic on mountRecovery

extentsextentsallocation abstraction

meta-datameta-dataoptional – user file data, Atomic Data Logging

journalssingle volumemulti-volumestorage model

HP-UX 11i v1.6JFS (VxFS)

Tru64 UNIX® V5.1AAdvFS



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file systems – exampleTru64 UNIX® V5.1A# df -kFilesystem 1024-blocks Used Available Cap Mounted oncluster_root#root 196608 110184 79592 59% /root1_domain#root 262144 38063 219120 15% /cluster/members/member1/

boot_partitiondata_domain#data 8380080 5038071 3334232 61% /dataroot2_domain#root 262144 38056 219112 15% /cluster/members/member2/

boot_partitioncluster_var#var 1996712 122815 1866160 7% /varcluster_usr#usr 1996712 715025 1265288 37% /usr/proc 0 0 0 100% /proc

HP-UX 11i v1.6# bdfFilesystem kbytes used avail %used Mounted on/dev/vx/dsk/rootdg/rootvol 204800 79376 117635 40% //dev/vx/dsk/rootdg/standvol 307200 63626 228402 22% /stand/dev/vx/dsk/rootdg/varvol 2516067 713390 1691210 30% /var/dev/vx/dsk/rootdg/usrvol 1093938 869330 210725 80% /usr/dev/vx/dsk/rootdg/tmpvol 2097152 823990 1193607 41% /tmp/dev/vx/dsk/rootdg/homevol 20480 14694 5786 72% /other/home/dev/vx/dsk/rootdg/optvol 2097152 1933605 153379 93% /opt



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system administration framework

consistent management• command line (CLI), Character, X11/Motif, and web-based management tools

(Java)• common single system and cluster management• Java-based Management Station• management from a PC

HP-UX 11i V1.6• system administration manager (SAM)• service control manager• OpenViewTru64 UNIX® V5.1A• Sysman• Insight Manager



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# sysman

Use the following keys when working with SysMan applications on a terminal:

Field Navigation:

Use the Tab key or the arrow keys to move from field to field.

Scrolling:

Use Page Up/Page Down (or Prev/Next) to scroll.

Selection:

Use the space bar to:

- toggle the selection in a list box

- choose an item in a radio box

- enable or disable a check box (toggle button)

Activation:

Use the enter (return) key or the space bar to click on the current button.

Pressing enter when a list box item is selected acts like a double-click;

it invokes the default button for the list box.

Note that OK, Cancel, Apply, and Help can always be invoked using the

Escape key and the underlined letter in the button (e.g. Esc-O for OK)

Help:

The Help key or the F1 key displays the help for the current window.

Esc-H works as well.

For detailed help on the keyboard bindings, please refer to the on-line help.

Tru64 UNIX® Sysman



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SysMan Menu on opsone.zk3.dec.comTru64 UNIX system management tasks:+------------------------------------------------------------------+|>+ Accounts || + Hardware || + Mail || + Monitoring and Tuning || + Networking || + Printing || + Security || + Software || + Storage || + Support and Services || + TruCluster Specific || + General Tasks || || |+------------------------------------------------------------------+

Select Find... Help On Item=========== <CTRL-G> FOR KEYBOARD HELP =============Exit Options... Help

Tru64 UNIX® Sysman



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Tru64 UNIX® sysman -menu



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HP-UX SAM# sam

Starting the terminal version of sam...

To move around in sam:

- use the "Tab" key to move between screen elements

- use the arrow keys to move within screen elements

- use "Ctrl-F" for context-sensitive help anywhere in sam

On screens with a menubar at the top like this:

------------------------------------------------------

|File View Options Actions Help|

| ---- ---- ------- ------------------------------- ---|

- use "Tab" to move from the list to the menubar

- use the arrow keys to move around

- use "Return" to pull down a menu or select a menu item

- use "Tab" to move from the menubar to the list without selecting a menu item

- use the spacebar to select an item in the list

On any screen, press "CTRL-K" for more information on how to use the keyboard.

Press "Return" to continue...



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HP-UX SAM┌ === System Administration Manager (carly.zk3.dec.com) (1) ┐│File View Options Actions Help ││ Press CTRL-K for keyboard help. ││SAM Areas ││──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────││ Source Area ││┌───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐ │││ SAM Accounts for Users and Groups -> ^ │││ SAM Auditing and Security -> │││ SAM Backup and Recovery -> │││ SAM Disks and File Systems -> │││ SAM Kernel Configuration -> │││ SAM Networking and Communications -> │││ SAM Performance Monitors -> │││ SAM Peripheral Devices -> │││ SAM Printers and Plotters -> │││ SAM Process Management -> │││ Other Resource Management -> │ │││ SAM Routine Tasks -> │ │││ SAM Run SAM on Remote Systems │ │││ SD-UX Software Management -> v ││└───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘ ││ │└──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘



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HP-UX SAM



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installation and software package tools

software distributor (swlist, swinstall,…)software subset management (setld)

Ignite-uxbootable tape

Ignite-uxremote installation service

Ignite-uxinstallation cloning

Ignite-uxgraphical installation

instant ignitionfactory installed software (FIS)




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installation and software package tools detail – 1 of 2

ignite-uxcollection of command line, curses (RIS) and sysman sub-menus

centralized GUI installation management interface

installation serving

graphical install from boot

pre-installed software

when installing manually on-platform, will be curses based until configuration stage

graphical installation – detects graphics head as console and starts an x-server on media boot

ignite-ux•graphical•push or pull•integrated with cloning

remote installation service (RIS)•curses•pull only•not integrated with cloning

instant ignitionfactory installed software (FIS)




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installation and software package tools detail – 2 of 2

software installation tool

bootable tape

installation cloning

software distributor (swlist, swinstall,…)

software subset management (setld)

supported in ignite-ux bootable tape feature supported

ignite-ux server “config files”: allows definition of configuration options to be set as well as software components to be loaded on clientgolden image/OS archive: mechanism to create a binary “tar” ball of a system’s installation for re-installation or cloning

installation cloning: can create definition text files to be read by installation engine to customize the system being installed




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software packaging hierarchy

filefiles

filesetsubset

productproduct

Bundleno equivalent

operating environmentno equivalent




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pre-packaged OS software options– o/s environments

HP-UX has o/s environments• distribution has 5 ”meta” subset groupings based on platform role to

simplify pricing, distribution, installation and configuration• commercial operating environments

– 11i Mission Critical Operating Environment– 11i Enterprise Operating Environment– 11i Operating Environment

• technical operating environments– 11i Minimal Technical Environment– 11i Technical Computing Operating Environment (TCOE)

Tru64 UNIX® - no equivalent, pick and choose from one distribution



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hp-ux 11i operating environments



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Tru64 UNIX® graphical installation



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HP-UX installation screen

Welcome to the HP-UX installation/recovery process!

Use the <tab> key to navigate between fields, and the arrow keys

within fields. Use the <return/enter> key to select an item.

Use the <return> or <space-bar> to pop-up a choices list. If the

menus are not clear, select the "Help" item for more information.

Hardware Summary: System Model: 9000/800/L2000-44

+---------------------+----------------+-------------------+ [ Scan Again ]

| Disks: 20 (329.9GB) | Floppies: 0 | LAN cards: 9 |

| CD/DVDs: 1 | Tapes: 0 | Memory: 8192Mb |

| Graphics Ports: 0 | IO Buses: 10 | CPUs: 4 | [ H/W Details ]

+---------------------+----------------+-------------------+

[ Install HP-UX ]

[ Run a Recovery Shell ]

[ Advanced Options ]

[ Reboot ] [ Help ]



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Tru64 UNIX® remote installation server (RIS)# ris

Checking accessibility of RIS areas.... done

*** RIS Utility Main Menu ***

a) ADD a client

d) DELETE software products

i) INSTALL software products

l) LIST registered clients

m) MODIFY a client

r) REMOVE a client

s) SHOW software products in remote installation environments

x) EXIT

Enter your choice:



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HP-UX Ignite – ignite-ux server



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event systems

polling emphasis – detecting when something changes

logging emphasis – notifying and logging when a change is reported

heavily used in clustering, made available on stand-alone, less part of core os infrastructure

integrated into and highly used in base system as well as clustering

Integrated with UNIX ASCII and binary logs

programming API, graphical monitoring tool (SAM)

programming and scripting APIs, graphical monitoring tool (sysman)

works cluster wideworks cluster wide

framework to define, post, wait for and log “events”

framework to define, post, wait for and log “events”

event monitoring service (EMS)event management system (EVM)

HP-UX 11i v1.6Tru64 UNIX® v5.1A



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where technology is headed why things connect becomes more

important than how they connect.where information technology

capabilities are going:

• SMP and platform partitioning…• resource management frameworks…• OLAR/RAS...• clustering…• disaster tolerance…



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SMP and platform partitioning

Vpars (soft)

Npartitions (hard)hard partitionsplatform partitioning

mpsched, psrsetrunon, pset_xxx

processor setsprocessor sets

soft processor affinity with binding options

soft processor affinity with binding options

SMP scheduling




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resource management - frameworksTru64 UNIX® V5.1A• class scheduler

– maximum– cpu only

• Aurema ARMtech™– ShareExpress- built in– ShareExtra/ShareEnterprise – extra

– reservations or shares– cpu – others planned

HP-UX 11i v1.6• Process Resource Manager (PRM)

– minimum and or maximum share– cpu, diskio, memory– prmconfig, xprm– /etc/prmconf

• Workload Manager WLM– extension to PRM– prioritized service level objectives– resource adjustment to meet

application objectives (feedback)– adjusts to admin specified

schedule,application input,..• WebQoS

– plug in for WebServers



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OLAR/RAS

Tru64 UNIX® V5.1A• OLAR CPUs• memory troller• automatic off-line bad CPUs• multi-path storage I/O

– automatic/transparent– performance/HA

HP-UX 11i v1.6• OLAR PCI I/O devices• memory error detection and recover• notify and manual off-line bad cpus• storage path failover – pvlinks,

– part of cluster, not base O/S– no load-balancing

– iCOD



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clustering

TruCluster Serversingle image cluster for failover or parallel applications (Oracle OPS/Oracle9i RAC) using single cluster wide rooted-tree filesystem

MC/ServiceGuard Extension for Oracle9i®

Real Application Clusters (SG eRAC) (formally MC/LockManager and MC/ServiceGuard OPS Edition)

was ASE Production Server (PS) – now superseded by TruCluster Server

failover clustering with selected hooks for parallel applications (OPS/RAC) on raw devices

MC/ServiceGuardwas Available Server Environment (ASE) – now superseded by TruCluster Server

failover clustering




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HP-UX 11i v1.6 MC/ServiceGuard extension for Oracle9i® RAC (SG eRAC) with Oracle9i Real Application Clusters

Node 1

Oracleexecutables

public network

Node 2

Oracleexecutables

system root,/usr, and /var


Node 3

Oracleexecutables


Oracle data files(raw)

Node n

Oracleexecutables


cluster interconnect



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Tru64 UNIX®/TruCluster Server V5.1Awith Oracle9i® Real Application Clusters

node 1

public network

node 2 node 3 node n


Oracle data files(AdvFS filesystem)

Oracleexecutables

cluster commonroot, /usr, & /var

memberspecific

“boot” area(/vmunix, swap, ...)



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Sun or Veritas Clustering with a Cluster File System

Node 1

Oracleexecutables

public network

Node 2

Oracleexecutables



Node 3

Oracleexecutables


Node n

Oracleexecutables



/dataapplication data and executable can be on common shared CFS file system

performance constraints can exist in immature CFSs

RAC on Veritas can use CFS for data

RAC on SunCluster must use raw for data



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disaster toleranceHP-UX 11i v1.6 DT• MC/ServiceGuard based with

either:– hardware support in HP XP disk

arrays or EMC Symmetrix disk arrays

– software based MirrorDisk/UX– Oracle Standby Database (called

DataGuard in Oracle9i)• Standard Products

– Extended MC/ServiceGuard clusters (a.k.a. Campus Clusters)

– MetroCluster– ContinentalClusters

Tru64 UNIX® V5.1A DT•TruCluster Server based with either:

– hardware based mirroring using StorageWorks data replication manager (DRM)

–Oracle Standby Database (called DataGuard in Oracle9i)

•Custom systems (CS) integrates solution as DT Campus



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TruCluster Server disaster-tolerant solutions

Local TruCluster

Serversingle clusterunattendedfailoversame data center

CampusCluster

single clusterunattendedfailoversame sitesystems up to 6km apart

distance

flexibility,functionality

DTS GeoPlex (future)

separate clusters“push-button” failoverinitially 100km distancesingle mgt domain

System failure,Certain SW bugs,

Certain human error

FireBuilding damage

Power outage,Tornado, Fire,

Localized flooding

Hurricane,Earthquake,

Flood



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ServiceGuard disaster-tolerant solutions

Local MC/SGCluster

single clusterunattendedfailoversame data center

single clusterunattendedfailoversystems up to 100km apart

distance

flexibility,functionality

MetroClustersingle clusterunattendedfailoversame city/regionhp Continuous Access or EMC SRDFdata centers up to 100KM apart

Continental Clusters

separate clusters“push-button” failoverdata sites at unlimited distance!

System failure,Certain SW bugs,

Certain human error

FireBuilding damage

Power outage,Tornado, Fire,

Localized flooding

Hurricane,Earthquake,

Flood

Extended MC/SGCluster



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ReferencesTru64 UNIX® doc set on-Iine

http://www.tru64unix.compaq.com/docs/pub_page/doc_list.html

HP 11i doc set on-linehttp://docs.hp.com/hpux/11i/index.html

Operating Environmentshttp://docs.hp.com/hpux/onlinedocs/os/11i/hpwoldfullpres.pdf

Configuring Peripheralshttp://docs.hp.com/hpux/onlinedocs/B2355-90698/B2355-90698.html

Managing Systems and Workgroups: A Guide for HP-UX System Administratorshttp://docs.hp.com/hpux/onlinedocs/B2355-90742/B2355-90742.html

Ignite-UX Administration Guide (Installation)http://docs.hp.com/hpux/onlinedocs/B2355-90749/B2355-90749.html

HP-UX System Administration Taskshttp://docs.hp.com/hpux/onlinedocs/B2355-90672/B2355-90672.html

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Standalone Administration and Overvie · 2003. 5. 27. · 11i v4 • Self tuning, self adapting...

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