Standard 19The student will identify the origins,

major developments, and the domestic impact of World War II,

especially the growth of the federal government.

A

A. Philip Randolph• He fought for civil rights during

the 1930’s and 1940’s.• He proposed a march on

Washington D.C. to protest the discrimination that was occurring in the US.

• FDR issued Executive Order 8802 to prevent the march and help African Americans.– The order assured fair hiring

practices for any job that was funded with government money.

– It also created the Fair Employment Practices Committee to enforce the order.

• An African American who benefited from the Fair Employment Act would be most thankful for the efforts of

A. Winston ChurchillB. Dwight EisenhowerC. A. Philip RandolphD. Douglas MacArthur

• Although his proposed march on Washington did not happen, his boldness still inspired President Roosevelt to back legislation prohibiting discrimination in the national defense industry. Who was he?A. Martin Luther King, Jr.B. Robert KennedyC. A. Philip RandolphD. Jackie Robinson

B

Japan Attacks Pearl Harbor• December 7, 1941

Japanese planes bombed and strafed the fleet and airfields nearby.

• In less than 2 hours, 2,400 Americans had been killed and nearly 1200 wounded.

• Nearly 300 warplanes were damaged or destroyed and 18 warships had been sunk or heavily damaged.

• Pearl Harbor is the reason the US enters World War II.

Internment Camps• These were created to

imprison Japanese-Americans during the war.– The Japanese-Americans

were held in the camps for the entirety of the war.

– Racism was the main reason for their continued imprisonment.

• German-Americans and Italian-Americans were held in camps at the beginning of the war.– They were released later

during the war and these two groups were no longer imprisoned.

• President Roosevelt referred to December 7, 1941 as, “… a day that will live in infamy…” because it wasA. The day Allied troops invaded France.B. The day marking the fall of France.C. The day Berlin fell to the Soviets.D. The day the Japanese bombed Pearl

Harbor.

• What was the result of the attack on Pearl Harbor?

A. An American declaration of war on JapanB. The complete destruction of the US NavyC. Renewed efforts in Europe to rid the region

of Hitler’s dominanceD. Continued isolationism and a belief that

American soldiers should stay state-side

• What was the purpose of US internment camps?

A. To protect Japanese, German, and Italian American citizens from racists who might harm them

B. To provide a place to train soldiers to fight in WWII

C. To allow a secluded place for scientists to work on the atomic bomb

D. To keep a close eye on citizens who might be a threat to the US war effort

• The US entered the fighting in World War II specifically because of what event?

A. Japan’s attack on Pearl HarborB. Germany’s invasion of PolandC. Germany and the USSR’s non-aggression

pactD. The fall of France

• In order to achieve their goal of annexing territories rich in raw materials and natural resources, the Japanese had to first eliminate the threat of the US Pacific Fleet. This reality led toA. An invasion of the Philippines.B. The use of kamikaze pilots.C. The decision to bomb Pearl Harbor.D. Japan’s decision to use the atomic bomb.

C

American Involvement Grows• Congress passed the

Lend-Lease Act in March 1941.

• It allowed the President to give aid to any country that we felt was vital to the security of America.– Those countries are

Great Britain, France, and Russia.

The Two Sides

• The Axis Powers– Germany– Japan– Italy

• The Allies– Great Britain– France– Russia– USA

Battle of Midway• This was the turning point

of the war in the Pacific.• The US had decoded the

Japanese plans and was ready for the attack.

• The US effectively destroyed Japan’s power and ability to further threaten the Pacific.– Japan was forced to go on

the defensive.

Preparation for the D-Day Invasion

• The allies began to build up troops in southern England.• In response, the Germans built up their defenses along

the French coastline.• The Germans added machine-gun bunkers, barbed wire

fences, land and water mines, and underwater obstructions.

Operation Overlord (D-Day)

• June 6, 1944• 1st – American and British paratroopers

were dropped behind enemy lines at night.• 2nd – Allied warships and planes shelled

the coast.• 3rd – 150,000 Allied troops came a shore

along 60 miles of Normandy coast.

The Fall of Berlin• The Soviet Union

approached the German capital from the East as the Allies came from the West

• The fall of Berlin was a significant symbol for the end of the war and victory over the Nazis

• The city was controlled by all four major allies, and eventually was divided into zones of control that became East and West Berlin

• In 1944, journalist Ernie Pyle wrote, “It seems to me a miracle that we ever took the beach at all.” What can you infer about D-Day from this statement?

A. There were not enough soldiers and machines to go to war.

B. It was a long, bloody, and very difficult battle.

C. The US was unprepared.D. The beach terrain was difficult.

• What three nations were part of the Axis Powers?A. Germany, Italy, and the Soviet UnionB. Japan, China, and the PhilippinesC. The US, Great Britain, and the Soviet UnionD. Germany, Italy, and Japan

• What effect did the Battle of Midway have?

A. It prompted Hitler to commit suicide.B. It enabled the Allies to finally open a second

front in Western Europe.C. It turned the tide of the war in the Pacific in

the US’ favor.D. It gave Japan the upper hand, but only

briefly.

• Who would have been most excited about the US’ Lend-Lease Act?

A. GermanyB. JapanC. Great BritainD. Italy

D

Rationing and Conservation• During World War II, all

Americans were asked to reduce the amount of food, fuel, metal, and rubber that they used.– Rationing meant that you

were only given a set amount of a particular item.

– Conservation called for people to reduce their consumption on their own.

Women in the Armed Forces• 275,000 women

volunteered for military service.

• Women were used in all areas except combat.

• Women began to develop a want to work outside the household and led to many women joining the workforce after the war

• Which word describes the homefront during World War II?

A. EasyB. SelfishC. SacrificeD. Uncooperative

E

Los Alamos• The Manhattan Project

was created to invent the first atomic bomb.

• Enrico Fermi and Albert Einstein worked together on the project.

• On July 16, 1945, the first atomic bomb was detonated.

• It created a huge crater and shattered windows 125 miles away.

Japan Surrenders• The US dropped an

atomic bomb on Hiroshima on August 6, 1945.

• The 2nd was dropped on Nagasaki three days later.

• August 14, 1945, Japan surrenders.

• A scientist assigned to a project in Los Alamos, New Mexico in 1945 was most likely busy working on

A. The War Production Board.B. The Manhattan Project.C. The V-E Project.D. Operation Overlord.

• What event was a direct result of the Manhattan Project?A. D-DayB. Stalin’s decision to try and force western

nations out of Berlin.C. Hitler’s decision to persecute the Jewish

people.D. Dropping of the atomic bomb.

Unit 4 Book Questions

• Pg. 654: 1-9• Pg. 698: 1-10• Pg. 728: 1-8• Pg. 766: 1-9• Pg. 798: 1-8• Pg. 842: 2-4, 8, 9, and 11• Pg. 878: 1-9• Pg. 1014: 1-9