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8/3/2019 Standard Specification for Roadworks - JKR-SPJ-1988
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Roads BranchPublic Works Department Malaysia
Jalan Sultan Salahuddin50582 Kuala Lumpur
JKR/SPJ/1988
5.0m0m
7.0m0m
StandardSpecifications For
Roadworks
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Page 1
Standard Specification For Road Works
Cawangan Jalan, Ibu Pejabat JKR, K.L
KERAJAAN MALAYSIA
JABATAN KERJA RAYA MALAYSIA
CAWANGAN JALAN KETUA PENGARAH KERJARAYAIBU PEJABAT JABATAN KERJARAYA MALAYSIA JABATAN KERJARAYA MALAYSIAJALAN SULTAN SALAHUDDIN, JALAN SULTAN SALAHUDDIN 50582 KUALA LUMPUR. 50582 KUALA LUMPUR
FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY
STANDARD SPECIFICATION
FOR
ROAD WORKS
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Standard Specification For Road Works
Cawangan Jalan, Ibu Pejabat JKR, K.L
FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY
ADDENDUM NO. 1
This Addendum shall be made part of the JKR Standard Specification For Roads Works
1. Table 4.8 - Gradation Limit For Asphaltic Concrete Clause 4.2.4.2, page S4 21
should read as follows :
Mix Type Wearing Course Binder Course
MixDesignation
ACW 20 ACB 28
B.S Sieve % Passing by weight
37.5 mm
28.0 mm
20.0 mm
14.0 mm
10.0 mm
5.0 mm
3.35 mm
1.18 mm
425 um
150 um
75 um
100
76 -- 100
64 -- 89
56 -- 81
46 -- 71
32 -- 58
20 -- 42
12 -- 28
6 -- 16
4 -- 8
100
80 -- 100
72 -- 93
58 -- 82
50 -- 75
36 -- 58
30 -- 52
18 -- 38
11 -- 25
5 -- 14
3 -- 8
2. Table 4.9- Design Bitumen Contents Clause 4.2.4.3, page S4 - 23 should read as follows :
ACW 20 - Wearing Course 4.5 -- 6.5 %
ACW 28 - Binder Course 4.0 -- 6.0
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Standard Specification For Road Works
Cawangan Jalan, Ibu Pejabat JKR, K.L
FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY
ADDENDUM NO. 2
This Addendum shall be made part of the JKR Standard Specification For Roads Works
6.2.5.5 Sign Faces
Sign faces for permanent traffic sign shall be as
shown on the Drawing and shall comply with
the Malaysian Standard Specification for
Reflective Sign Faces Materials (MS 1216). All
retro-reflective sheeting shall be fixed in accor-
dance with the manufacturers instruction.
Unless otherwise agreed by the S.O., sign
faces shall be formed from a single piece of
retro-reflective sheeting.
Where, with the aggrement of the S.O., morethan one retro-reflective sheeting is used, the
number of sheets shall be kept to a minimum.
All faces up to 1 m in size shall be produced
with a single sheet and no joint will be
accepted.
Only vertical and horizontal joint shall be per-
mitted and all join in retro-reflective shetting
shall be overlapped by not less than 6 mm. The
overlap in the horizontal joint shall be from the
top and the vertical joint shall be from the left;but joints will be only be accepted for prismatic
retro-reflective sheeting.
Retro-reflective sheeting shall be applied
evenly over the whole surface of the sign plate
and shall adhere fully. it shall be free from
twists, cracks, folds or cuts, air bubbles and
other blemishes.
All retro-reflective sheeting used on the same
sign shall be carefully matched for colour toproduce a uniform appearance both by day and
by night. Non-uniform shades of colour on any
one sign will not be accepted.
The edges of all the retro-reflective sheeting
shall be properly fitted to ensure no
delimination of the sheeting from the base
substrate.
where shetting is applied to the extruded
section by pressure roller, it shall extend over
the top and bottom edges of this sections by not
less than 3 mm.
Any cut-outlet letters, numerals, symbols and
borders shall be of material compatible with the
sheeting to which they are applied. They shall
be applied in accordance with the sheeting
manufacturers instruction.
The finish of all sign faces shall be capable of
passing the tests described in MS 1216, and
and standard of fabrication and workmanship
shall be such that under normal conditions of
service and proper maintenance, the sign faces
shall last not less than 5 years without any
seriousblemishes or defects for Engineering
Grade retro-reflective sheeting and 8 years for
High Intensity and prismatic retro-reflective
sheeting.
The Contractor shall furnish to the S.O. a letterof warranty for the specified period for all sign
faces from the manufacturer of the sheeting or
the sign fabricator.
The retro-reflective sheeting manufacturer shall
furnish the S.O. written warranty that the fluo-
rescent colours shall be durable for a minimum
3 years for temporary signs.
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Standard Specification For Road Works
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6.2.6.1.2 Requirements
i) Photometric - Coefficient of
Retroreflection RA
when the sheeting applied on aluminium
test panels is measured in accordance
wth ASTM E 810, it shall have
minimum coefficient of retro-reflectivevalue as shown in Table I. The rotation
angle shall be *90 , the observation
angles shall be 0.2 and 0.5, the
entrance angles and +50, and the
entrance angle (component 1) shall be
- 4, +30, and +50, and the entrance
angle component 2 = 0.
FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY
ADDENDUM NO. 3
This Addendum shall be made part of the JKR Standard Specification For Roads Works
6.2.6.1 FLUORESCENT ORANGE WIDE ANGLE PRISMATIC RETRO-
REFLECTIVE SHEETING FOR THE WORK ZONE
6.2.6.1.1 Description
The flurescent orange wide angle prismatic
retro-reflective sheeting is specifically designed
for use on rigid substrade work zone signs to
provide high visual impact under nighttime and
daytimedriving condition, including low
visibility periods such as dawn, dusk, and
overcast days. The sheeting shall consist ofprismatic lenses formed in a transparent
flurescent orange synthetic resin, sealed, and
baked with and aggressive presure sensitive
adhesive protected by a removable liner. The
sheeting shall have a smooth surface with a
distinctive interlocking diamond seal pattern
and orrientation marks visible from the face.
TABLE I
Minimum Coefficient of Retroreflection RA
(Candelas per footcandle per square foot)
(90 Rotation Angle*)
Observation Angle ( ) Entrance Angle ( ) Orange
0.20.20.2
1.5
0.50.5
- 4+30+50
-4
+30+50
20012050
80
5020
* The datum mark (arrow) imprinted on the face of the sheeting shall be the datum mark for test
purposes. For the specified 90 rotation angle, the sheeting shall be positioned on the goniometer
so that the direction of this datum mark is perpendicular to the observation plane (this geometry is
equivalent to a 90 orientation angle with a presentation angle of 0 in the measurement geometry
described in Fed. Test Method Standard 370).
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Standard Specification For Road Works
Cawangan Jalan, Ibu Pejabat JKR, K.L
i) Daytime Color
Color shall conform to the reqiurement
of Table II. Daytime color and
maximum spectral radiance factor (peak
reflectance) of sheeting mounted onaluminium test panels shall be
determined instrumentally in accordance
with ASTM E 991.
The value shall be determined on a HunterLab
Labscan 6000 0/45 spectrocolorimeter with
option CMR 559 [or approved equal 0/45
(45/0) instrument withcircumferential viewing(illumination)]. Computation shall be done in
accordance with ASTM E 308 for the 2
observer.
FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY
TABLE IIColor Specification Limit ** (Daytime)
Color 1 2 3 4 ReflectanceLimit Y (%)
X Y X Y X Y X Y Min. Max.
Orange(New)
Orange(Weathered)
.583
.583
.416
.416
.523
.523
.397
.397
.560
.560
.360
.360
.631
.631
.369
.369
30
20
-
45
Maximum spectral radiance factor, new : 110%, min.weathered : 60%, min.
iii) Nighttime Color.
Nighttime color of the sheeting applied to alumium test panel shall be determined
instrumentally in accordance with ASTM E 881 and calculated in the u, v coordinate
system in accordance with ASTM E 308. Sheeting shall be measured at 0.33 observation
and - 4 entrance at 90 rotation. Color shall conform to the requirements of Table III.
** The four pairs of chromaticity coordinates determine the acceptable color in terms of the CIE
1931 standard colorimetric system measured with standard illuminatant D65.
TABLE IIColor Specification Limit ** (Nighttime)
Color 1 2 3 4
u v u v u v u v
Orange(New and
Weathered)
.400 .540 .475 .529 .448 .522 .372 .534
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Standard Specification For Road Works
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iv) Resistance to Accelerated Weathering.
The retro-reflective surface of the sheeting
shall be weather resistant and show no
appreciable cracking, blistering, crazing, or
dimensional change after 1 yearsunprotected outdoor exposure in south
Florida, south-facing and inclined 45
from the vertical, or after 1500 hours
exposure in a xenon arc weatherometer in
accordance with ASTM G 26, Type B,
Method A. Following exposure, panels
shall be washed in a 5% HCL solution for
45 seconds, rinsed throughly with clean
water, blotted with a soft clean cloth and
brought to equilibrium at standard
conditions. After cleaning, the coefficient
of retroreflection shall be not less than 100
when measured as in D.2, below, and the
color is expected conform to the
requirements of Table II and III for
weathered sheeting. The sample shall :
a) Show no appreciable evidence of
cracking, scaling, pitting, blistering,
edge lifting or curling or more than 1/32
inch (0.08 cm) shrinkage or expansion.
b) Be measured only at angles of 0.2observation, - 4 entrance and 90
rotation. Where more than one panel of
a color is measure, the coefficient or
retroreflection shall be the averange of
all determinations.
v) Impact Resistance.
The retroreflective sheeting applied
according to the sheeting manufacturersrecommendations to a test panel of alloy
6061-T6, 0.040 (0.10 cn) by 3 (7.6 cm)
by 5 (12.7 cm) and conditioned for 24
hours, shall show no cracking outside the
impact of 100 inch-pounds (11.3Nm) using
a weight with a 5/8 in. (15.8 mm) diameter
rounded tip dropped from a height
necessary to generate an impact of 100
inch-pounds, at test temperatures of both
32 F (0 C) and 72 F (22 C).
vi) Resistance to Heat.
The retroreflective sheeting, applied to a
test panel as in E., above and conditioned
for 24 hours, shall be measured in
accordance with paragraph. A. at 0.2observation and - 4 entrance angles at 90
rotation and exposed to 170 + 5F (77 +
3C) for 24 hours in an air circulating
oven. After heat exposure the sheeting
shall retain a minimum of 70% of the
original coefficient of retroreflection.
vii) Field Performance
Retroreflective sheeting processed and
applied to sign blank materials in
accodance with the sheeting
manufacturers recommendations, is
expected to perform effectively for a
minimum of 3 years. the retroreflective
sheeting will be considered unsatisfactory
if it has deteriorated due to natural causes
to the extent that : (1) the sign is ineffective
for its intended purposed when viewed
from a moving vehicle under normal day
and night driving conditions; or (2) the
coefficient of retroreflection is less than100 when measured at 0.2 observation
and - 4 entrance at 90 rotation. All
measurements shall be made after sign
cleaning according to the sheeting
manufacturers recommendations.
FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY
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FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY
STANDARD SPECIFICATION FOR ROADS WORKS
CONTENT PAGE
SECTION 1 General S1-11 to S1-31
SECTION 2 Earthworks S2-1 to S2-20
SECTION 3 Drainage Works S3-1 to S3-31
SECTION 4 Flexible Pavement S4-1 to S4-55
SECTION 5 Portland Cement Concrete Pavement S5-1 to S5-21
SECTION 6 Road Funiture S6-1 to S6-22
SECTION 7 Street Lighting S7-1 to S7-19
SECTION 8 Traffic Signals S8-1 to S8-33
SECTION 9 Concrete S9-1 to S9-39
SECTION 10 Piling Works S10-1 to S10-35
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Standard Specification For Road Works
Cawangan Jalan, Ibu Pejabat JKR, K.L
FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY
SECTION 1
GENERAL
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Standard Specification For Road Works
Cawangan Jalan, Ibu Pejabat JKR, K.L
FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY
SECTION 1 - GENERALPage
1.1 GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT S1-11
1.2 SCOPE OF WORKS S1-111.3 NOTES, ABBREVIATIONS AND UNITS OF MEASUREMENT S1-11
1.3.1 Notes S1-11
1.3.2 Abbreviations S1-11
1.3.3 Units of Measurement S1-11
1.4 PROGRAMME OF WORKS S1-12
1.5 LIMITATION OF SITE S1-12
1.6 SUPPLY OF MATERIALS S1-12
1.7 MATERIALS OF MALAYSIAN ORIGIN S1-12
1.8 SETTING OUT S1-13
1.9 DIMENSIONS AND LEVELS S1-13
1.10 PROTECTION OF WORKS S1-13
1.11 DESIGN OF TEMPORARY WORKS BYTHE CONTRACTOR S1-13
1.12 CONTRACTOR'S SUPERINTENDENCE S1-14
1.13 INSPECTION AND TESTS S1-14
1.14 COVERING UP OF WORK S1-14
1.15 OFFICE ACCOMMODATION FOR S.O. AND HIS STAFF S1-14
1.16 VEHICLES FOR THE S.O.'S STAFF S1-16
1.17 CONTRACTOR'S OFFICE AND ACCOMODATION S1-16
1.18 MATERIAL TESTING LABORATORY AND STAFF S1-16
1.19 PROVISION FOR SURVEY INSTRUMENTS AND CHAINMEN S1-17
1.20 MAINTENANCE OF EXISTING ROADS AND PROTECTION
OF TRAFFIC S1-17
1.20.1 Maintenance of Existing Roads, Bridges, Culverts, etc. S1-17
1.20.2 Temporary Diversions S1-17
1.20.3 Half-width Construction and Traffic Control S1-18
1.20.4 Temporary Traffic Signs S1-19
1.20.5 Temporary Works S1-19
1.21 LOCATION, TEMPORARY PROTECTION AND TEMPORARY
DIVERSION OF PUBLIC UTILITY INSTALLATIONS AND
OTHER SERVICES S1-19
1.22 WATER AND ELECTRICITY SUPPLY S1-20
1.23 PROJECT SIGNBOARD S1-20
1.24 PHOTOGRAPHIC RECORD OF WORKS S1-20
1.25 AS-BUILT DRAWINGS AND MICROFILMING S1-211.26 CLEARING UP OF SITE S1-21
1.27 OPPORTUNITIES FOR OTHER CONTRACTORS S1-21
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FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY
Page
APPENDIX 1A GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT S1-22
APPENDIX 1B SCOPE OF WORKS S1-23
APPENDIX 1C VEHICLES FOR S.O. AND HIS STAFF S1-24
APPENDIX 1D LIST OF LABORATORY EQUIPMENT
(a) Soil Testing Equipment S1-25
(b) Concrete Testing Equipment S1-27
(c) Flexible Pavement Testing Equipment S1-27
APPENDIX 1E SURVEY EQUIPMENT S1-30
FIGURE 1-1 APERTURE CARD FOR MICROFILM S1-31
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Standard Specification For Road Works
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SECTION 1 - GENERAL
1.1 GENERAL DESCRIPTION OFTHE PROJECT
The general description of the project is as
given in Appendix 1A.
1.2 SCOPE OF WORKS
The Works covered in this Contract comprise
the provision by the Contractor at his own risk
and cost of all materials, tools, plants, labour,
transport and everything else necessary for the
construction and completion of the Works as
given in Appendix 1B all to the approval of the
S.O.
1.3 NOTES, ABBREVIATIONS ANDUNITS OF MEASUREMENT
1.3.1 Notes
i) Any clause in this Specification which
relates to work or materials not included
in the Works shall be deemed not
applicable.
ii) Unless stated to the contrary, any
dimension of material described means
the finished or fully compacted
dimension.
iii) All Standards and Codes of Practice
referred to in this Specification shall be
deemed to be the editions current at the
time of Tender. If the Malaysian
Standard exists, which the S.O. deems to
be equivalent to the British or otherStandard specified, then the Malaysian
Standard shall be followed.
In the event of any discrepancy between
the provision of this Specification and
the provision within the relevant
Standards or Codes of Practice as
mentioned in this Specification, then the
provision of this Specification shall take
precedence.
iv) The terms "Engineer" and
"Superintending Officer" shall be
synonymous.
1.3.2 Abbreviations
a) M.S. means Malaysian Standards
published by the Scientific and
Industrial Research Institute of
Malaysia (SIRIM).
b) B.S. means British Standards
published by the British Standard
Institution.
c) A.A.S.H.T.O. means The American
Association of State Highway and
Transportation Officials.
d) A.S.T.M. means The American
Society for Testing and Materials.
e) M.D.D. means Maximum Dry
Density.
f) O.M.C. means Optimum Moisture
Content.
g) C.B.R. means California Bearing
Ratio.
h) S.O. means Superintending Officer.
i) B.Q. means Bill of Quantities.
1.3.3 Units of Measurement
All units of measurement used in thisSpecification and in the Bill of
Quantities shall be in accordance with
the metric system unless otherwise
stated.
Where British Imperial units are shown
or stated the following conversions shall
apply :-
FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY
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Standard Specification For Road Works
Cawangan Jalan, Ibu Pejabat JKR, K.L
1 inch = 25.40 millimetres
1 foot = 0.3048 metres
1 lb = 0.4536 kilograms
1 gallon = 4.5461 litres
1 lb/sq.in = 6.895 x 10-3 N/sq.mm
1.4 PROGRAMME OF WORKS
Within thirty (30) days after the receipt
of the Letter of Acceptance of Tender,
the Contractor shall submit to the S.O.
for his approval a programme showing
the order of work activities and time
schedule in which the Contractor
proposes to carry out the Works and
shall, whenever required by the S.O. or
the S.O.'s representative, furnish in
writing, particulars of the Contractor's
arrangement for carrying out such works
and of the construction plants and
temporary works, if any, which the
Contractor intends to supply, use or
construct as the case may be. The
submission to and approval by the S.O.
or the S.O.'s representative of such a
programme or the furnishing of such
particulars shall not relieve the
Contractor of any of his duties orresponsibilities under the Contract.
If at any time it should appear to the
S.O. that the actual progress of the
Works does not conform to the approved
programme referred to herein before, the
Contractor shall submit for approval, a
revised programme showing the
modifications to the previously
approved programme necessary to
ensure the completion of the wholeWorks within the time set for
completion.
1.5 LIMITATION OF SITE
The Contractor shall ensure that all his
plants, materials, temporary workshops,
stores and offices are kept within the
Site at locations approved by the S.O.
Should the Contractor require additional
land outside the Site for his workyards,
stores, offices, temporary haul roads or
any other temporary structures, he shall,
on his own, purchase or rent any
additional area he may need.
Areas or area to be rendered as part of
the Site shall be subject to the S.O.'s
approval.
1.6 SUPPLY OF MATERIALS
The Contractor shall place orders for
specified materials at such times as
will enable him to execute the Works in
accordance with his approved
programme.
If the Contractor's failure to supply any
material causes any interruption or delay
in the progress of the Works, the
Government may supply any portion
or all of the materials and the cost
borne by the Contractor shall be either
that as calculated at the current market
rates or the actual cost to the
Government at the date of supply,
including overheads or any othercharges, whichever is the greater.
Any costs incurred under this Section
shall be deducted from the Contract
Sum. No claim for loss of profit under
the conditions of this Contract shall be
deemed to have arisen. No action taken
under this Section shall in any way
affect or modify the right of the
Government to claim for damages in the
event of the Contractor's failure tocomplete the Works by the agreed date.
1.7 MATERIALS OF MALAYSIANORIGIN
Materials of Malaysian origin where
available must be used by the Contractor
to the exclusion of imported materials
and this requirement shall be allowed
for in his tender.
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Under no circumstances shall the
Contractor be permitted to use imported
materials unless he can prove to the
satisfaction of the S.O. that the
materials are not available locally, or if
available are not of an acceptablestandard.
1.8 SETTING OUT
Before commencing the Works at any
location, the Contractor shall provide
and install precast concrete reference
beacons on both sides of the road
centre-line at a spacing of 300 metres.
The beacons shall be firmly sited at right
angles to the centre-line at a distance
from the centre-line of 15 metres or such
other distance as directed by the S.O.
The beacons shall be not less than 75
mm square in plan and shall project at
least 600 mm above the surrounding
ground. Each beacon shall be clearly
marked with its chainage and elevation
above datum.
The Contractor shall take all practicable
steps to safeguard the beacons includingfencing and concreting-in where
necessary in the opinion of the S.O. and
shall immediately replace any damaged
beacons. The Contractor shall give the
S.O. not less than 24 hours notice of his
intention to set out or give levels for
any part of the Works in order that
arrangements may be made for
checking.
1.9 DIMENSIONS AND LEVELS
All temporary benchmarks, reference
markers and levels as shown on the
Drawings shall be checked on the Site
by the Contractor at his own expense
and be confirmed by the S.O.
Before the Works or any part thereof are
commenced, the Contractor shall verify
the levels of the existing ground surface
within areas where earthworks are to be
performed and the locations and bed
levels of water-courses. These maydiffer from the locations and levels
shown on the Drawings owing to
changes which could have taken place
during the interval between the original
survey and construction.
The levels and dimensions taken by the
Contractor jointly with the S.O. shall
form the basis of measurement of the
relevant work quantities.
1.10 PROTECTION OF WORKS
From the commencement of the Works
to the date the Works are taken over by
the Government, the Contractor shall
take full responsibility for the care there
of together with all temporary works
and in case any damage, loss or injury
shall happen to the Works or to any part
thereof or to any temporary works from
any cause whatsoever, he shall at hisown cost repair and make good the
same so that at completion, the Works
shall be in good order and condition and
in conformity in every respect with the
requirements of the Contract and the
S.O.'s instructions. The Contractor shall
also be liable for any damage to the
Works occasioned by him in the course
of any operations carried out during the
Defects Liability Period.
1.11 DESIGN OF TEMPORARYWORKS BY THE CONTRACTOR
Unless otherwise provided in the
Drawings, the Contractor shall submit to
the S.O. for his approval, 2 copies of all
working or shop drawings produced by
him including all drawings made by his
approved sub-contractors for all
temporary works.
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Such submission shall be made at least
two weeks before the temporary work is
scheduled to commence.
Notwithstanding the approval by the
S.O., the Contractor is solely responsible
for the adequacy and safety of his workand for any necessary modification or
addition whenever found necessary by
the S.O.
1.12 CONTRACTOR'SSUPERINTENDENCE
The Contractor shall provide all
necessary superintendence during the
execution of the Works and as long
thereafter as the S.O. may consider
necessary for the proper fulfillment of
the Contractor's obligations under the
Contract.
A competent Site Agent, whose
appointment shall be approved by the
S.O., shall be employed by the
Contractor for management on Site.
The Site Agent shall have the authority
to receive instructions from the S.O. and
to act on behalf of the Contractor. TheSite Agent shall be stationed on Site for
the whole duration of the Contract and
shall not be replaced without the
approval of the S.O.
If the Site Agent needs to be absent from
Site for more than three (3) consecutive
days, he shall give prior notice to the
S.O. who may require the Contractor to
temporarily appoint another Site Agent.
1.13 INSPECTION AND TESTS
The S.O. or his representative may at
any stage of the Works carry out
inspection, measurement and tests on
any part of the Works to ensure
compliance with the requirements of this
Specification and of the Drawings.
The Contractor shall provide the
necessary attendance whenever required
by the S.O. or his representative.
Notwithstanding any tests which may
have been carried out off the Site, theS.O. shall be empowered to order
further tests of any materials or goods to
be made on the Site and to reject such
materials or goods should they fail to
pass such tests on Site.
When required by the S.O., the
Contractor shall submit a copy of the
result of any quality control test carried
out by the Contractor on his own during
the progress of the Works.
1.14 COVERING UP OF WORK
Before any part of the Works is
permanently covered up, the Contractor
shall give due notice to the S.O. for the
inspection and measurement of
dimensions. The S.O. shall attend
without unreasonable delay for the
purpose of examination and
measurement unless he considers it
unnecessary and advises the Contractoraccordingly.
1.15 OFFICE ACCOMMODATION FORS.O. AND HIS STAFF
The Contractor shall provide and
maintain a site office for the use of the
S.O. and his supervisory staff, all in
accordance with the relevant Drawings
inclusive of all furniture and fittings as
shown on the Drawings.
The Contractor is permitted to provide a
relocatable site office as an alternative to
the JKR designed type shown on the
Drawings.
FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY
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The quality of such a relocatable site
office shall be of equivalent standard but
not inferior to the JKR designed type
and shall be equipped with similar
furniture and fittings as indicated in the
JKR designed site office.
Where a relocatable site office is to be
provided, the Contractor shall submit
details of the relocatable site office
together with his tender. Such details
should include the name of the
manufacturer, floor area and layout, list
of furniture and fittings and brochures if
available. The Contractor shall also
indicate whether the proposed site office
is new or otherwise.
Unless otherwise shown on the
Drawings, the site office is to be sited,
constructed and positioned as approved
by the S.O.
The Contractor shall make proper
arrangements for and pay all charges in
connection with conservancy. The site
office shall comply with local building
by-laws. It shall be erected or provided
by the Contractor within four (4) weeksfrom the date of possession of Site.
On completion of the Works, the
Contractor shall further maintain the site
office till the end of the Defects Liability
Period unless otherwise directed by the
S.O. and thereafter remove from the Site
the site office with all furniture and
fittings which become the property of
the Contractor.
Where electricity and piped water are
available from public utility authorities,
the Contractor shall arrange for the site
office to be connected to the electricity
and water supplies.Otherwise, the
Contractor shall supply the site office
with electric power from generators and
shall provide an adequate supply of
water for washing and potable filtered
water for drinking purposes.
Sanitary facilities with disposal to
septic tanks located not nearer than 5 m
from the building shall be provided.
The office shall be illuminated by
fluorescent fittings giving a general levelof illumination of at least 2 lumens/
sq.m. Additional lighting in the form of
wall or deck lamps shall be provided
where required by the S.O. Lighting to
toilets and corridors may be by tungsten
filament bulbs.
Thermostatically controlled air-
conditioners capable of maintaining a
temperature below 23C in the office
shall be provided.
The Contractor shall arrange for the
installation of a telephone with a
separate connection to the telephone
exchange for the exclusive use of the
S.O. at all times. The telephone shall
also be be fitted with 4 extensions unless
not required by the S.O. The Contractor
shall be responsible for the connection
to such exchange and the payment of
rental for the telephone services but the
Government shall reimburse theContractor for the cost of making calls.
Where a telephone exchange is not
within practical distance, an automatic
mobile telephone such as the ATUR
(Automatic Telephone Using Radio)
service shall be provided.
The Contractor shall keep the offices
accessible at all times and in every way
habitable for working purposesthroughout the duration of the Contract.
The Contractor shall also provide such
labour and cleaning materials as are
required to maintain the site office in a
thoroughly clean and sanitary condition.
FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY
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1.16 VEHICLES FOR THE S.O.'SSTAFF
The Contractor shall provide new
vehicles as listed in the B.Q. and
Appendix 1C for the sole use of the S.O.and his staff at all times. All necessary
fuel, oil and lubricants, general
maintenance, comprehensive insurances
and roadtax shall be provided by the
Contractor together with a licensed and
competent driver for every vehicle.
Replacement vehicles shall be provided
when normal vehicles are not available
such as during periods of servicing,
maintenance or repair. The vehicles will
revert to the Contractor at the
completion of the Contract unless
otherwise stated in the B.Q.
1.17 CONTRACTOR'S OFFICE ANDACCOMODATION
The Contractor shall provide and
maintain a suitable office for himself
and his staff in a position or positions to
be approved by the S.O.
In addition, the Contractor shall provideand maintain temporary accomodation
and living facilities, stores, workshops,
etc., including all necessary services for
water supply, drainage and lighting for
his staff. Before any work can
commence the Contractor shall submit
to the S.O. details of the proposed
buildings and services and shall obtain
the S.O.'s approval together with any
necessary approval in writing from the
relevant statutory authority.
The Contractor shall be responsible for
all fees and other charges or expenses
incurred in connection with such office
and housing and shall keep the whole
area in a clean, tidy and well drained
condition.
When instructed by the S.O., the
Contractor shall remove all such
buildings and appurtenant works from
the Site, clean up the area and restore it
to its original condition.
The Contractor shall provide adequate
first aid facilities appropriate to the size
and composition of his staff and labour
force. The Contractor shall afford the
S.O.'s site staff full use of the services
and facilities as and when required.
1.18 MATERIAL TESTINGLABORATORY AND STAFF
The Contractor shall provide and
maintain a laboratory at the Site
throughout the duration of the Contract.
Earthworks and pavement construction
will not be permitted to commence until
the laboratory and necessary equipment
have been provided.
The said laboratory shall be in
accordance with the Drawings and shall
be equipped as indicated in Appendix
1D. It shall be maintained in a clean
and tidy condition to the satisfaction ofthe S.O. The laboratory shall be
adequately supplied with water and
electricity.
The laboratory shall be used exclusively
by the S.O. and his staff. However the
Contractor shall provide helpers to assist
the S.O. as and when requested.
All laboratory equipment shall become
the property of the Contractor oncompletion of the Works.
On completion of the Works, the
building shall be removed from the Site
and the Site left in a neat and tidy
condition.
FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY
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1.19 PROVISION FOR SURVEYINSTRUMENTS AND CHAINMEN
The Contractor shall provide for the sole
use of the S.O. and his staff all such
instruments, equipment and chainmen asthe S.O. may require to enable him to
check the accuracy of the Contractor's
setting out and any measurements taken.
The chainmen shall have knowledge of
Bahasa Malaysia or English and as far
as possible the same men shall be
provided throughout the Contract
period.
The instruments and equipment to be
provided are as listed in Appendix 1E.
The Contractor shall be responsible
throughout the Contract period for all
such instruments, equipment and
chainmen and shall ensure that the
instruments and equipment are at all
times in good working condition and
adjustment. All instruments and
equipment shall remain the property of
the Contractor on completion of the
Works.
1.20 MAINTENANCE OF EXISTINGROADS AND PROTECTIONOF TRAFFIC
1.20.1 Maintenance of Existing Roads,
Bridges, Culverts, etc.
The Contractor shall maintain all
sections of existing roads and all
bridges, drains and culverts includedtherein within the Site to the
conditions at the time of possession
of Site for the full duration of the
Contract. Such maintenance shall
include routine activities such as
grass cutting, clearing of drains,
patching of potholes, etc.
He shall also be responsible for
maintaining the free flow of traffic on
these sections of existing road.
The Contractor shall arrange for the
conveyance of materials and plants so asto cause minimum damage to existing
roads and installations and minimum
inconvenience to the public. He shall
not deposit any earth, rubbish or
materials upon any road, street,
pavement or footway to cause hindrance
or obstruction of vehicles or pedestrians.
The Contractor shall be responsible for
any damage caused by any work carried
out by him or by construction traffic to
any existing roads or installations from
whatsoever cause arising thereof and
shall repair, maintain and reinstate the
same to their original condition to the
satisfaction of the S.O. The Contractor
shall also keep such roads clear of
slurry, boulders and loose earth which
may be dropped in the course of
transportation.
Upon failure on the part of the
Contractor to fulfill his obligationsunder this Section, the S.O. may take
whatever action and any means
necessary to satisfy the requirements
and all costs incurred by the S.O. shall
be deducted from any monies due or to
become due to the Contractor under this
Contract.
1.20.2 Temporary Diversions
Temporary diversions shall beconstructed wherever the Site is
intersected by existing roads, footpaths,
cycle tracks, access to properties, etc.
Such diversion ways shall be of a
standard of construction at least
equivalent to that of the original road,
path, track or access.
FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY
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The electrical signal lights shall be
automatic in operation, but the
S.O. may, at any time, require them
to be hand operated by a competent
operator.
The Contractor shall make suitable
arrangements for emergency
servicing of the electrically operated
traffic signals to be available at all
times. Manually operated "Stop/Go"
signs shall only be used with the
prior approval of the S.O.; and shall,
if so approved, be of the size, colour
and type as shown on the Drawings
and complying with the requirements
of the ARAHAN TEKNIK(JALAN)
2C/85 (Manual on Traffic Control
Devices for Temporary Signs and
Work Zones Control), published by
Cawangan Jalan, Ibu Pejabat JKR,
Kuala Lumpur.
At least fourteen (14) days notice in
writing of any proposed single-way
traffic system shall be given to the
S.O. for his approval before such a
system can be implemented.
1.20.4 Temporary Traffic Signs
The Contractor shall at all times take
full and sufficient precautions to
ensure the safety of all traffic
through and around the Work Site
and of traffic that is diverted owing
to the Works.
To this end the Contractor shall erect
and maintain on the Site and atprescribed points on the approaches
to the Site, all traffic signs, signals
and warning lights necessary for the
direction and control of traffic. The
sizes of all such signs and the
lettering and wording thereon shall
be as shown on the Drawings and
approved by the S.O. before erection.
Construction and excavation shall be
sign posted and, during periods of
darkness, shall be lit to the approval
of the S.O.
Temporary traffic signals shallcomply with the requirements of the
ARAHAN TEKNIK (JALAN)
2C/85 published by Cawangan
Jalan, Ibu Pejabat JKR, Kuala
Lumpur and shall be reflectorised
and kept clean and legible at all
times.
The Contractor shall position, cover
or remove these signs as may be
directed by the S.O.
1.20.5 Temporary Works
The Contractor shall provide,
maintain and remove on completion
of the Works all temporary works
including diversion ways, tracks,
staging, bridging, etc., and shall
make them safe and suitable in every
respect for carrying all plants and
materials and for all purposes related
to the Works.
1.21 LOCATION, TEMPORARYPROTECTION ANDTEMPORARY DIVERSION OFPUBLIC UTILITYINSTALLATIONS AND OTHERSERVICES
The Contractor shall be responsible for
locating the positions of all public utility
installations, including water mains,overhead and underground cables, pipes,
sewers and drains and all service
connections to buildings, and where
necessary, shall adopt such methods of
excavation as may be required by the
appropriate authorities or owners to
ensure that no damage is caused to
them.
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The Contractor shall make good, at his
own expense, any damage caused by him
to the existing services to the approval of
and in accordance with the instruction of
the appropriate authority or owner
concerned, and shall keep the Governmentindemnified at all times from all claims,
costs and expenses which may arise on
account of any damage (whether
permanent, temporary or recurring) to the
said services.
All such installations which are
encountered in the course of the Works
shall be adequately supported, slung-up,
strutted or otherwise protected from injury
to the satisfaction of the respective
authority.
The temporary diversion or relocation of
any service within or outside the Works to
permit the construction of the Works shall
be the responsibility of the Contractor.
Where a service is required to be
interrupted or relocated the Contractor
shall inform and obtain the approval of the
S.O. who shall notify the appropriate
authority or owner of the required removal
and/or relocation.
Temporary diversion shall mean works
involved in the diversion of services that
will be reinstated to their original position
and condition on completion of the works
in the affected areas. In planning his work
for the diversion or relocation of services,
the Contractor shall make reasonable
allowance for the time necessary to obtain
the S.O.'s approval for the work and for the
appropriate authorities or owners toauthorise the work, obtain the necessary
materials and carry out the work.
The Contractor shall not be entitled to any
extension of time due to his failure to
allow for a reasonble period of time
necessary for obtaining approval and
completing the work.
1.22 WATER AND ELECTRICITYSUPPLY
The Contractor shall provide at his own
risk and cost all water, lighting and
electric power where required for use inthe Works and shall pay all costs, fees
and charges and comply with all safety
regulations and statutes in connection
therewith.
The Contractor shall also provide and
maintain temporary water storage
together with any distribution piping
which may be necessary.
1.23 PROJECT SIGNBOARD
The Contractor shall provide, erect and
maintain signboards at locations to be
decided by the S.O. and pay all charges
in connection with this, including
obtaining permission, licences and fees,
etc. Each sign board shall comply with
the design and specification as shown on
the Drawings. On completion of the
project, the Contractor shall dismantle
and clear away the signboards asdirected by the S.O.
1.24 PHOTOGRAPHIC RECORD OFWORKS
The Contractor shall provide a camera
of reasonable quality for the purpose of
taking record photographs and slides of
the Works as and when directed by the
S.O. The Contractor shall bear the costs
of providing the film, development offilm, printing two (2) copies of each
exposure in 3R size and documenting
the photographs in suitable albums.
The negatives of the photographs shall
be the property of the Government and
no prints from these negatives may be
supplied to any person or persons except
with the approval of the S.O.
FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY
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A suitably typed caption shall be affixed
to the reverse side of each photograph
describing the subject and the time at
which it was taken. One copy of each
photograph shall be signed by the
Contractor and the S.O.
1.25 AS-BUILT DRAWINGS ANDMICROFILMING
Drawings for recording as-built
construction details of the Works shall
be prepared by the Contractor and shall
be certified by the S.O. or his
representative. The originals, in good
quality transparencies, and two (2)
printed copies of all as-built drawings
shall be supplied by the Contractor to
the S.O. progressively as sections of the
Works become completed. All drawings
shall be completed within one month
after the completion of the respective
section.
As-built drawings shall be A1 size (838
mm x 584 mm) unless otherwise
approved by the S.O.
The Contractor shall also microfilm the
as-built drawings using 35.0 mm film
with the aperture card format as shown
in Figure 1-1 and submit the same to the
S.O.
1.26 CLEARING UP OF SITE
The Contractor shall make every effort
to keep the Site in a reasonably cleanand tidy condition for the duration of the
Works. He shall, in addition, from time
to time on the completion of any area of
the Works or where directed by the S.O.,
remove rubbish, surplus materials, or
any other construction debris from such
areas as may be attributable to his work
under this Contract and generally leave
them in a satisfatory condition, to the
approval of the S.O.
On completion of the Works, the
Contractor shall remove all rubbish,
debris and surplus materials from the
Site and leave the whole Site in a neat
and tidy condition to the satisfaction of
the S.O.
1.27 OPPORTUNITIES FOR OTHERCONTRACTORS
The Contractor shall, when required by
the S.O., afford all reasonable
opportunity to any other Contractors
employed by the Government and their
workmen and to the workmen of the
Government and of any other duly
constituted authorities who may be
employed in the execution on or near
the Site of any work not included in the
Contract.
FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY
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APPENDIX 1A
GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT
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APPENDIX 1B
SCOPE OF WORKS
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APPENDIX 1C
VEHICLES FOR S.O. AND HIS STAFF
All vehicles shall be NEW and of the types listed below :-
Type A - 2000 c.c. four-door, air-conditioned saloon car;
Type B - 1600 c.c. five-door, air-conditioned estate car;
Type C - 1500 c.c. four-door, air-conditioned Proton Saga;
Type D - 2000 c.c. four-wheel-drive, air-conditioned Trooper or equivalent with hard top;
Type E - 2250 c.c. four-wheel-drive, air-conditioned long-wheel- base Land Rover or
equivalent with hard top.
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(b) Concrete Testing Equipment
No.
(1) 152 mm x 152 mm x 152 mm standard concrete test cube steel moulds
as specified in B.S. 1881. 6
(2) Slump cones with tamping rods as specified in B.S. 1881. 2
(3) Compacting factor apparatus as specified in B.S. 1881. 1
(4) Tank for curing of concrete specimens to accomodate 50 Nos. x 152 mm
cubes in layers not more than 50 mm deep. 1
(c) Flexible Pavement Testing Equipment
(1) Metal tray, 0.6 m square or similar suitable for measuring spray rates of
bituminous materials and spread rates of cover aggregate for surface dressing. 4
(2) Metal thickness gauge (or set of slotted sleeves) as specified in M.S. 30 for
determination of aggregate flakiness index. 1
Additional items required for asphaltic concrete and/or bituminous Macadam :-
(3) Balance of 2 kg capacity, accurate to 0.1 g suitable for weighing samples
suspended in liquid. 1
(4) Steel moulds for Marshall test specimens (100 mm diameter) with base,
extension collar, extraction collar and extraction plate as specified in B.S. 598. 6
(5) Extractor for removing Marshall test specimens from moulds without distortion
or shock as specified in B.S. 598. 1
(6) Compaction hammer and automatic compactor for Marshall test specimens as
specified in B.S. 598. 1 of each
(7) Compaction pedestal and mould holder for Marshall test as specifiedin B.S. 598. 1 of each
(8) Thermostatically controlled hot plate. 1
(9) Thermometers for use in laboratory and in asphaltic mixes for Marshall test as
specified in B.S. 598. 2 of each
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No.
(10) Rubber and heat resistant gloves. 2 pairs of each
(11) Filter papers - 100 mm diameter. As needed
(12) Containers for heating aggregates and bituminous materials. As needed
(13) Pavement coring machine of the thin-walled diamond bit type for
obtaining 100 mm diameter samples of bituminous surfacings. 1
(14) 100 mm diameter thin-walled diamond bits for use with pavement
coring machine. As needed
(15) Tools for cutting and trimming pavement cores. As needed
(15) Metal bottles of suitable capacity for bitumen extraction by direct
determination as specified in B.S. 598. As needed
(16) Machine to rotate the bottles about their longitudinal axes at a speed of
between 10 rev/min to 30 rev/min as specified in B.S. 598. 1
(18) Volumetric flasks of suitable capacity. As needed
(19) Centrifuge capable of developing an acceleration of 25,000 m/sq.
second as specified in B.S. 598. 1
(20) Filtration apparatus for extraction of bitumen by direct determination asspecified in B.S. 598. 1
(21) Recovery apparatus for extraction of bitumen by direct determination
as specified in B.S. 598.
(22) Pressure filter of appropriate size, air pump and funnel for extraction
of bitumen by direct determination as specified in B.S. 598. 1 of each
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No.
Further items required for asphaltic concrete :-
(23) Wire basket of 6.5 mm or smaller mesh with wire hanger as specified inM.S. 30, for determination of specific gravity and water absorption
of aggregates. 1
(24) Airtight container of similar capacity as wire basket above. 1
(25) Gas jar - 1.5 litre. 1
(26) Pyconometer - 1 litre. 1
(27) Warm air blower. 1
(28) Mechanical mixer of 2 kg capacity, for preparation of asphaltic concrete mixtures. 1
(29) Thermostatically controlled water bath for Marshall test specimens as
specified in B.S. 598. 1
(30) Steel Marshall testing head as specified in B.S. 598. 1
(30) Compression testing machine with proving ring, capable of applying loads of
up to at least 22 kN at a constant rate of strain of 50 mm + 3 mm per minute
and recording the maximum load achieved as specified in B.S. 598. 1
(31) Dial gauge and mounting assembly for measuring Marshall test flows of up to10 mm with accuracy of + 0.1 mm as specified in B.S. 598. 1
Testing which is specifically required in the Contract and any test defined in quoted British
Standard Specifications which are required to ensure compliance with the Contract but cannot be
done in the Site testing laboratory shall be carried out at approved laboratories off the Site. These
tests shall be carried out as directed by the S.O. The cost incurred by the Contractor shall be
deemed to have been included in the tendered rates.
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APPENDIX 1E
SURVEY EQUIPMENT
The Contractor shall provide and maintain the following instruments and equipment for the
purpose of measurements and setting out. These shall become the property of the Contractor at the
end of the Contract :-
1 No. Theodolite of direct read out accurate to 1 second.
2 No. Automatic levels - Wild NA2 or Koni 007 or equivalent.
2 No. Levelling staves - 5 m aluminium.
1 No. 50 m x 5 mm steel measuring band divided throughout and numbered at 5 m intervals.
Divided over first 30 m at 1 m intervals. Divided over first 5 m at 50 mm intervals.
1 No. Repair set for the same.
2 No. 30 m steel box tapes, white face.
2 No. 30 m fibreglass box tapes.
10 No. 2.5 m ranging rods.
2 No. 1 m spirit level, steel or aluminium.
2 No. Survey umbrellas.
Templates, straightedges, canvas bags, pegs, hammers, parangs, etc.
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SECTION 2
EARTHWORKS
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SECTION 2 - EARTHWORKS
Page
2.1 CLEARING, GRUBBING AND STRIPPING TOPSOIL S2-35
2.1.1 Description S2-35
2.1.1.1 Clearing S2-35
2.1.1.2 Grubbing S2-35
2.1.1.3 Stripping Topsoil S2-35
2.1.2 Construction Methods S2-35
2.1.2.1 Areas To Be Cleared S2-35
2.1.2.2 Areas To Be Cleared, Grubbed and Stripped Of Topsoil S2-36
2.1.2.3 Topsoil S2-36
2.1.2.4 Timber S2-36
2.1.2.5 Structures S2-37
2.1.2.6 Disposal Of Material S2-37
2.2 EARTHWORKS S2-38
2.2.1 Definitions S2-38
2.2.2 General Requirements S2-39
2.2.3 Roadway Excavation S2-39
2.2.3.1 Dimensional Tolerances S2-39
2.2.3.2 Separation and Stockpiling of Suitable Material S2-40
2.2.3.3 Removal of Excavated Material From Site S2-40
2.2.3.4 Removal of Unsuitable Material S2-402.2.3.5 Replacement of Unsuitable Material Under Standing Water S2-40
2.2.3.6 Widening Cuts S2-40
2.2.3.7 Excavation of Rock S2-41
2.2.3.8 Storage and Handling of Explosives S2-42
2.2.3.9 Blasting S2-42
2.2.3.10 Safety Measures S2-42
2.2.3.11 Insecure Material S2-43
2.2.4 Earth Embankment S2-43
2.2.4.1 Material S2-43
2.2.4.2 Borrow Pits S2-432.2.4.3 Placement of Fill Material S2-43
2.2.4.4 Compaction S2-44
2.2.5 Rock fill Embankment S2-45
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Page
2.2.6 Embankment Over Soft Ground S2-462.2.6.1 Foundation Treatment S2-46
2.2.6.2 Surcharge and Staged Construction S2-46
2.2.6.3 Settlement Markers S2-46
2.2.6.4 Settlement Records S2-47
2.2.7 Subgrade S2-47
2.2.8 Protective Vegetation for Erosion Control S2-48
2.2.8.1 Topsoil S2-48
2.2.8.2 Turfing S2-48
2.2.8.3 Seeding S2-48
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SECTION 2 - EARTHWORKS
2.1 CLEARING, GRUBBING ANDSTRIPPING TOPSOIL
2.1.1 Description
This work shall consist of clearing,
grubbing and stripping topsoil in the
areas designated hereunder and/or
shown on the Drawings and/or
directed by the S.O., and of clearing
only in other areas designated here
under and/or shown on the Drawings
and/or directed by the S.O., all as
specified herein and as required by
the S.O. The work shall also include
the demolition and disposal of
structures in said areas, except where
otherwise provided for in the
Contract, as specified herein and as
required by the S.O.
2.1.1.1 Clearing
Clearing shall consist of the
cutting and/or taking down,
removal and disposal ofeverything above ground
level, including objects
overhanging the areas to be
cleared such as tree branches,
except such trees, vegetation,
structures or parts of structures,
and other things which are
designated in the Contract to
remain, or be removed by others,
or which the S.O. directs are to
be left undisturbed. The materialto be cleared shall include but not
necessarily be limited to trees,
stumps (parts above ground),
logs, brush, undergrowth, long
grasses, crops, loose vegetable
matter and structures (except
those structures whose removal
or clearance is otherwise
provided for in the Contract).
Clearing shall also include the
levelling of obsolete dikes,
terraces, ditches, etc., unless
otherwise directed by the S.O.
2.1.1.2 Grubbing
Grubbing shall consist of the
removal and disposal of surface
vegetation, the bases of stumps,
roots, the underground parts of
structures, and other obstructions
to a depth of at least 0.50 metre
below ground level, all to the
satisfaction of the S.O.
2.1.1.3 Stripping Topsoil
Stripping topsoil shall consist of
the removal of topsoil to an
average depth of at least 100 mm
below ground level, and its
stockpiling for use in the Works,
and/or its disposal, as directed by
the S.O.
2.1.2 Construction Methods
2.1.2.1 Areas To Be Cleared
The entire road reserve area shall
be cleared as described above,
unless otherwise shown on the
Drawings and/or directed by the
S.O.
Clearing shall be carried out to
the extents deemed necessary and
approved or directed by the S.O.
in areas outside the road reservewhere channel excavation or
other work is required.
In areas which are to be cleared
only, and in which grubbing and
stripping topsoil are not required,
the methods of work shall be
such as will not unduly damage
the surface vegetation and
topsoil, and care shall be taken
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not to disturb the topsoil and the
root systems of grasses and other
surface vegetation. No topsoil
shall be removed from such
areas, except as directed by the
S.O., and any topsoil, grasses andother surface vegetation other
wise removed or disturbed shall
be replaced and made good at the
Contractor's own expense, all to
the satisfaction of the S.O.
2.1.2.2 Areas To Be Cleared,Grubbed
and Stripped Of Topsoil
Except as otherwise shown on
the Drawings and/or directed by
the S.O., clearing, grubbing and
stripping topsoil shall be carried
out in all areas of roadway
excavation and in all areas where
embankment is to be constructed,
except that grubbing and
stripping topsoil shall not be
carried out in those areas where :-
i) embankment is to be
constructed on earth
designated as swamp or softground;
ii) embankment is to be
constructed to a height at the
centre-line of 1.50 metres or
more on ground with a
cross-slope of not more than 1
(vertical) to 30 (horizontal).
Clearing, grubbing and stripping topsoil shall
be carried out to the extents deemed necessaryand approved or directed by the S.O. in areas
both inside and outside the road reserve where
channel excavation or other work is required.
Except where further excavation is required,
holes and cavities in the ground surface after
clearing, grubbing and stripping topsoil shall be
filled with materials similar to the adjacent
ground, and such fill shall be compacted to a
dry density similar to that of the surrounding
material, all to the satisfaction of the S.O.
This work shall be considered
incidental to the work of clearing,
grubbing and stripping topsoil,
and shall not be measured for
payment.
2.1.2.3 Topsoil
Topsoil to be stockpiled for the
Works shall be sufficiently fertile
to promote and support the
growth of vegetation, and shall be
taken from such areas where
clearing, grubbing and stripping
topsoil is required as approved or
directed by the S.O. Before
stockpiling, topsoil shall be
separated from objectionable
materials, all to the satisfaction of
the S.O. The Contractor shall
arrange for stockpile sites either
within or outside the road
reserve, at his own expense, and
all to the satisfaction of the S.O.
Otherwise, topsoil removed
during grubbing and stripping
operations shall be separated
from objectionable materials andspread within the road reserve or
borrow areas, or otherwise
disposed of, as approved or
directed by the S.O.
2.1.2.4 Timber
The ownership of timber is
vested in the Government.
Saleable timber shall be trimmed
and stacked in accordance withthe requirements of the
appropriate Government agency,
in accessible places within the
road reserve as approved or
directed by the S.O.
The Contractor shall have the
right to use unsaleable timber (or
saleable timber when permission
is granted in writing by the
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Incombustible material, including
where appropriate the remains of
burning, shall be disposed of in a
safe and tidy manner at solid
waste dumps outside the Site,
unless otherwise approved ordirected by the S.O. The
Contractor shall be solely
responsible for making the
necessary agreements, and paying
expenses and claims arising from
the use of such solid waste
dumps whether on Government
or private land.
2.2 EARTHWORKS
2.2.1 Definitions
(a) Formation Level
Formation level means the top
surface of the subgrade.
(b) Subgrade
Subgrade means that part of the
embankment or existing groundin cutting which is immediately
below the subbase or lower
subbase of the road pavement
and shoulders.
(c) Common Excavation
Common excavation shall mean
excavation in any materials
which are not rock or artificial
hard materials as defined inSub-Sections 2.2.1 (f) and (g).
(d) Unsuitable Materials
Unsuitable materials shall
include :-
i) running silt, peat, logs,
stumps, perishable or toxic
material, slurry or mud, or
ii) any material
- consisting of highly
organic clay and silt;
- which is clay having aliquid limit exceeding
80% and/or a plasticity
index exceeding 55%;
- which is susceptible to
spontaneous combustion;
- which has a loss of weight
greater than 2.5% on
ignition;
- containing large amounts
of roots, grass and other
vegetable matter.
Materials that are soft or unstable
merely because they are too wet
or too dry for effective
compaction are not to be
classified as unsuitable, unless
otherwise classified by the S.O.
(e) Suitable Materials
Suitable materials shall mean
those materials other than the
unsuitable materials defined in
Sub-Section 2.2.1 (d) above.
(f) Rock
Rock shall mean material found
in ledges or masses in its original
position which would normallyhave to be loosened either by
blasting or by pneumatic tools or,
if excavated by hand, by wedges
and sledge hammers. It shall not
include material which can be
loosened with a track-type tractor
with mounted and drawn ripper
of the following descriptions :-
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i) Tractor Unit : Equipment with a
minimum weight of 20 tonnes
and nett horse power rating of
200 brake horse power or more.
The tractor unit is to be in good
condition and operated byexperienced personnel skilled in
the use of ripping equipment;
ii) Ripping Unit : The ripper to be
attached to the tractor shall be the
most efficient parallelogram type
recommended by the tractor or
ripper manufacturer. The ripper
shall have a single shank in good
working condition with
sharpened cutting point.
Boulders or detached pieces shall only be
regarded as rock if they individually
exceed 0.5 cubic metre.
(g) Artificial Hard Material
This shall mean any hard artificial
material which would require the use
of blasting or approved pneumatic
tools for its removal but shall
exclude individual masses less than0.5 cubic metre.
2.2.2 General Requirements
The work shall include the
excavation of all types of material,
backfilling, compaction, forming
embankments and slopes, etc., as is
necessary for the completion of the
Works up to the formation levels, in
accordance with the lines, grades,dimensions, shapes and typical
cross- sections shown on the
Drawings and to the approval of the
S.O.
The Contractor shall provide where
necessary temporary water courses,
ditches, drains, pumping or other means of
maintaining the earthworks free from
water. Such provision shall include
carrying out the work of forming thecuttings and embankments in such a
manner that their surfaces have at all times
a sufficient gradient to enable them to shed
water and prevent ponding.
In pumping out excavations and in the
lowering of water tables the Contractor
shall pay due regard to the stability of all
structures.
Adequate means for trapping silt shall be
provided on all temporary drainage
systems. Similar arrangements shall be
made for all earthworks including
excavations whether for pile trenches,
foundations or cuttings.
Should the surface of completed areas be
damaged by erosion or by any other cause
the Contractor shall at his own cost make
good such areas to the satisfaction of the
S.O.
The Contractor shall exercise care in
preventing wastage of suitable material
needed for embankment or fill
construction.
2.2.3 Roadway Excavation
2.2.3.1 Dimensional Tolerances
Slopes in cutting shall be
trimmed mechanically to neatand even surfaces which shall
have gradients not steeper than
that shown on the Drawings.
Widths of excavations shall not
exceed the dimensions shown on
the Drawings by more than 300
mm, unless otherwise approved
by the S.O.
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TABLE 2.1 - GRADING LIMITS OFMATERIALS FORREPLACEMENT OFUNSUITABLE MATERIAL
Where the rock is of satisfactory
quality, the Contractor may elect to
crush and screen it to produce
aggregates required for concrete,
roadbase, subbase, or other purposes.
Excavated rock needed for earthwork construction which the
Contractor elects so to use for
producing select materials shall be
replaced at the Contractor's own
expense by borrow of satisfactory
quality approved by the S.O.
Otherwise, excavated rock shall be
used in the construction of
embankment and fill, to the fullest
practical extent, in either of the two
following ways :-
i) excavated rock shall be broken
down to a maximum particle size
of 400 mm and used as rock fill
as described in Sub-Section 2.2.5;
ii) excavated rock shall be broken
down to a maximum particle size
of 150 mm, blended with suitable
earth fill material in a proportionnot exceeding 1 rock to 1 earth,
and used as common fill.
The Contractor may only waste
excavated rock with the approval of the
S.O. Excavated rock needed for
earthwork construction which the
Contractor elects to waste shall be
replaced at the Contractor's own expense
by borrow of satisfactory quality
approved by the S.O.
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B.S. Sieve Size % Passing ByWeight
Crushed Rock orGravel
63.0 mm37.5 mm20.0 mm10.0 mm
10085 - 1000 - 200 - 5
Sand
10.0 mm5.0 mm1.18 mm300 um150 um
10090 - 10045 - 8010 - 302 - 10
2.2.3.7 Excavation of Rock
Rock excavation shall be carried
out by methods appropriate toSite requirements as approved by
the S.O. Where explosives shall
be used, the relevant security
regulations dealing with
purchase, transport, handling,
storage and usage of explosives
shall be complied with.
All material from rock
excavations shall be used as far
as is practicable in the Works.
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Where embankment is to be
constructed on ground with a
cross-slope flatter than 1
(vertical) to 10 (horizontal) but
steeper than 1 (vertical) to 30
(horizontal), the foundationmaterial, except where this is
rock, shall be scarified to a depth
of 100 mm, blended with
embankment fill material and
compacted as described in Sub-
Section 2.2.4.4.
Where embankment is to be
constructed against existing
embankment or on ground with a
cross-slope of 1 or more (vertical)
to 10 (horizontal), the foundation
shall be excavated in all materials
(including hard rock) to form
benches with horizontal and
vertical faces from which con
struction of the embankment shall
proceed. The benches shall be
contiguous beneath the full width
of the embankment, and shall be
of a suitable width to accomodate
construction equipment such as
motor-graders, trucks, rollers, etc.Scarifying of the horizontal and
vertical faces of the benches shall
not normally be required, and the
material excavated in forming the
benches may normally be used as
fill in the embankment as
approved by the S.O.
2.2.4.4 Compaction
(a) General
All materials used in
embankments and as fill
elsewhere shall be compacted
as soon as practicable after
being placed and spread.
Compaction shall be
undertaken to the
requirements of this Section
by plant approved by the S.O.
All compaction requirements
shall be controlled by meansof field density measurement.
For compaction of
embankment slope, the
Contractor may either extend
each compacted layer beyond
the design slope surface by at
least 600 mm and then trim
back to the required slope
angle, or he may employ a
tow type roller to compact the
sloping surface.
(b) Compaction Trials
The B.S. 1377 Compaction
Test (4.5 kg rammer method)
shall be used in determining
the moisture versus density
relation of soil.
The Contractor shall submit to
the S.O. for his approval theproposed method of
compaction for each main
type of material to be used in
the embankment. This shall
include the type of
compaction plant for each
type of material and the
number of passes in relation
to the loose depth of material
to achieve desired
compaction. The maximumcompacted thickness for fill
shall be limited to 300 mm
unless otherwise approved by
the S.O. The Contractor shall
carry out field compaction
trials, supplemented by any
necessary laboratory
investigations, as required by
the S.O.
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This shall be done by using the
procedures proposed by the
Contractor for earthworks and
shall satisfy the S.O. that all the
specified requirements regarding
compaction can be achieved.Compaction trials with the main
types of material likely to be
encountered shall be completed
before the works with the
corresponding materials will be
allowed to commence. Each trial
area shall be not smaller than
8 m x 15 m.
(c) Degree of Compaction
The whole of the embankment
below the top 300 mm of the
subgrade shall be compacted to
not less than 90% (for cohesive
material) or 95% (for
cohesionless material) of the
maximum dry density determined
in the B.S. 1377 Compaction Test
(4.5 kg rammer method).
(d) Field Density Testing
Field density tests on each layer
of compacted earth fill shall be
carried out using the sand
replacement method in
accordance with B.S. 1377 or by
using other means of testing of
comparable accuracy approved
by the S.O.
(e) Moisture Control
Each layer of earth fill shall be
processed as necessary to bring
its moisture content to a uniform
level throughout the material,
suitable for compaction. The
optimum moisture content as
determined by the B.S. 1377
Compaction Test (4.5 kg rammer
method) shall be used as a guide
in determining the proper
moisture content at which each
soil type shall be compacted.
Water shall be added, or the
material aerated and dried to
adjust the soil to the proper
moisture content to obtain therequired density. A satisfactory
method and sufficient equipment
as approved by the S.O. shall be
used for the furnishing and
handling of water.
If the natural water content of
suitable materials is too high for
the proper compaction to be
carried out, the Contractor can
either bring down the moisture
content by aeration or drying or
alternatively replace it with
suitable materials of compactable
moisture range at his own cost.
2.2.5 Rock fill Embankment
Rock used in rock fill
embankments shall be of maximum
particle size of 400 mm so that it can
be deposited in horizontal layers,
each not exceeding 500 mm incompacted depth and extending over
the full width of the embankment
except for any specified external
cover to slopes or new formation
level. The materials shall be spread
and levelled by a crawler tractor
weighing not less than 15 tonnes.
Each layer shall consist of
reasonably well graded rock and all
large voids shall be filled with
broken fragments before the nextlayer is placed. The top surface and
side slopes of embankments so
formed shall be thoroughly blinded
with approved fine graded material
to seal the surface.
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crushed rock or gravel, regulated
and blinded.
ii) Where rock outcrop occurs over
part of the formation only:-
The rock outcrop shall be cut
down to a level not less than 300
mm below the formation level.
The surface shall then be brought
up to level with suitable subgrade
material.
2.2.8 Protective Vegetation for Erosion
Control
2.2.8.1 Topsoil
Topsoil stockpiled for the Works
in accordance with Sub- Sections
2.1.1.3 and 2.1.2.3 shall be spread
and lightly compacted to an even
thickness of 50 mm as directed
by the S.O. in areas to be turfed
and/or seeded, or used as the S.O.
shall otherwise direct for tree
planting and other purposes.
2.2.8.2 Turfing
Turfing shall be carried out as
soon as practicable on all earth
slopes and other areas as shown
on the Drawings and/or where
directed by the S.O. The type of
turf shall be as indicated on the
Drawings or other alternative
type as approved by the S.O. and
shall be free of lallang and
essentially free of weeds.
Turf shall be obtained in
unbroken sods with a substantial
amount of topsoil and shall be
approximately 250 mm x 250
mm in size and 100 mm thick,
from an approved source, and
shall be placed in position as
soon as practicable after cutting.
Turf sods shall be stacked and
watered when they cannot be
laid immediately after cutting.
The surfaces to be turfed shall
be trimmed and thoroughlywetted. The turf shall then be
carefully laid to form a complete
and uniform cover as shown on
the Drawings. Turf laid on slopes
steeper than 1 (vertical) and 3
(horizontal) shall be pegged
down with bamboo stakes
approximately 250 mm in length.
Approved fertiliser shall be
applied after placing of turf at
suitable times and at rates of
application approved by the S.O.
All turf shall be regularly
watered and fertilised to the
satisfaction of the S.O. until
the vegetation is satisfactorily
established. Any dead turf
shall be replaced with new
turf at the Contractor's own
expense.
2.2.8.3 Seeding
Seeding or hydroseeding shall be
carried out as soon as practicable
on slopes and other areas as
shown on the Drawings and/or
directed by the S.O.
The Contractor shall submit to
the S.O. for his consideration and
approval, at least four (4) weeksin advance of the proposed work,
full details of his proposed
method of seeding or
hydroseeding. The information
submitted shall include, but not
necessarily be limited to, a full
description of the following
aspects of the work :-
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i) the preparation of the areas to be
seeded or hydroseeded, including
if appropriate the amount of top
soil to be used and its method of
application;
ii) the details and results of
investigations to determine which
types of grass and legume are
compatible with the soil in the
areas to be seeded;
iii) the types of grass and legume (if
any) and strains of seed to be
used, and the function, root and
growth characteristics of each
type;
iv) the rates of application of the
grass and legume seeds;
v) the composition of fertiliser to be
used at the time of seeding and its
rate of application;
vi) the composition of fertiliser to be
used after seeding, the times of
application after seeding, and the
rates of application;
vii) the type of mulch to be used and
its method and rate of
application;
viii) the amounts of lime or other
chemicals (if any) to be applied
to improve the soil before,
during and/or after seeding;
ix) the type and amounts of bindingagent to be applied with the
seeds, mulch, fertiliser, etc.,
as appropriate.
x) the proportions and methods of
preparation of the seeding mix;
xi) the equipment and methods to be
used in preparing and placing the
seeding mix and other materials;
xii) the cultivation and after-care of
the seeded areas, including rates
and frequencies of watering,
fertilising, grass cutting and
general maintenance for at least 1
year after seeding;
xiii) the time after seeding required for
establishing permanent, dense
growth of grasses, which will
require minimal maintenance;
xiv) guarantees of the success of the
seeding work.
All grass shall be regularly watered until
the vegetation is satisfactorily
established to the satisfaction of the S.O.
Any dead grass shall be replaced at the
Contractor's own expense.
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SECTION 3
DRAINAGE WORKS
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SECTION 3 - DRAINAGE WORKS
Page
3.1 GENERAL S3-54
3.2 EXCAVATION AND BACKFILLING FOR DRAINAGE WORKS S3-54
3.2.1 Description S3-54
3.2.2 Materials S3-54
3.2.2.1 Excavation S3-54
3.2.2.2 Granular Bedding Material S3-54
3.2.2.3 Concrete Bedding S3-54
3.2.2.4 Ordinary Backfill Material S3-54
3.2.2.5 Granular Backfill Material S3-54
3.2.2.6 Concrete Back