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Objectives

To know general requirements for electrical

machinery on board ship

To understand general requirements for

provision of electrical power and lighting for

normal & emergency operation


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Must meet minimum standards specified by variousnational & international organizations

For British registered vessel, to comply: Regulations for the Electrical and Electronic Equipment of

Ships - Institution of Electrical Engineers (IEE)

British Standards Institute (BSI) - combined withRecommendations for Electrical and Electronic Equipmentof Offshore Installations

The Merchant Shipping Rules - MCA SOLASIMO Convention

British Standards (BS)

International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC)

Introduction


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Introduction General requirements - refer to SOLAS requirements

Chapter II-1 - outlines requirements for Shipconstruction sub-division and stability, machineryand electrical installations

5 Parts: Part A General

Part B Sub-division and stability

Part C Machinery installations

Part D Electrical installations

Part E Additional requirements for periodicallyunattended machinery spaces


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Part D: Regulation 40

General Regulation 41

Main source of electrical power and lighting systems

Regulation 42 Emergency source of electrical power in passenger ships

Regulation 42-1 Supplementary emergency lighting for Ro-Ro passenger ships

Regulation 43 Emergency source of electrical power in cargo ships

Regulation 44

Starting arrangements for emergency generator sets

Regulation 45 Precautions against shock, fire and other hazards of electrical origin


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Standards specified met when ship is designed,

built, approved and classified Ship owner & operating staff to maintain

vessel and its electrical installation to Class

requirements throughout ship's lifetime

Periodical survey - to check installation is

maintained to Class Rules


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Items subject to survey

Generators and Governors Circuit Breakers

Switchboards and Fittings

Cables

Insulation Resistance Motors and Starters

Emergency Power Equipments

Parts of Steering Gear

Navigation Light Indicators

UMS vessels

Tankers


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For UMS - survey of associated alarms, controls and

fire detection is required

For tankers/gas carriers & others transporting

flammable cargo - additional survey for electrical

equipment in hazardous areas Carried out during each docking survey & annual

survey - Means - electrical equipment in hazardous

area is surveyed every year


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Generators & Governors


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Appropriate action taken before carried out megger test Contact surface of commutator or slip-rings

Contact surfacessmooth & concentric without signs ofpitting or deep grooves

Carbon brushes - adequate length, correct spring pressure andproperly contoured onto its commutator or slip-ring

Important to remove excess carbon dust in brush gear &around rotor coils

To run tests, on load, confirm of proper governor & AVRoperation

Correct indicationV, f, A, kW, power factor

Governor response to sudden load changes - within declaredspecification

Stability of load sharing during parallel operation - clearly

demonstrated

Generators & Governors


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Circuit breaker


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Visual examination - main, arcing and auxiliary contacts for wear, misalignment and

overheating Similar inspection - fixed and moving isolator contacts at rear of circuit-breaker

Arc chutes - clean, free of arc debris and correctly aligned

Internal wiring - good condition & end connections tight

Mechanical linkages - checked for wear or stress

Tests close and trip operations while in isolated position

racking mechanism - free moving & fixed main terminals must shuttered off when breaker iswithdrawn

Emergency hand charging (if fitted) - correct operation of mechanical indicators (open,closed or isolated)

UV release mechanism & OCR settings for level and time delay - clearly set

Basically, OCR trip generator breaker - set for 130% of FLC with 3s delay

In addition, to suit generator thermal capacity & coordinated with overall protection schemefor power system

Only proper current injection testprove manufacturer's I/t characteristics & settings(specialist task)

CB time delay mechanisms with oil dash potsto filled to correct level with clean oil ofmaker recommended type

Circuit breaker


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Switchboard & fittings


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http://www.ship-technology.com/contractors/electrical/abb2/


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Section / distribution boardclean Includes all internal / external panel surfaces, instrument faces and control

switches

Thorough cleaning inside main swbd carried out only when the board iscompletely dead

Bus-bar & aux connections checked for tightness during major internal cleanup

Overheating signs at connection - loose joint

Direct heat testing (IR thermal camera) - useful technique for locating hot-spots

Bus-bar supports - examined for surface tracking & damage to insulation

material All internal wiring securely fixed

Cable entries at bottom of switchboard sealed with non-flammable materialprevent dirt & act as fire stop

Earth bar securely bonded to both board frame (ship's hull)



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One secondary terminal of each CT) and instruments and relaysmetal cases should wired to main earth bar

Hinged panel doors bonded with earth strap to swbd frame

Feeder isolator & fuse holder contacts - checked for mechanicalwear / damage due overheating / arcing at contacts

Lightly smear moving contacts with contact lubricantrecommended

Operational tests - synchronising controls & generator protectionrelays (reverse power & preferential tripping)

Typical reverse power trip settings5~15% of generator power

rating, with 0.5~2.5 sec for diesel drive 2~5% and 5 s - turbo-generator settings

E.g - cargo winches & cranes may feed power back into supplynetwork, under light load, such feedback may cause generator totrip on reverse power if time delay set too short



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Cable


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Close visual examination beside megger test Inspection - external damage of cable's outer sheath and wire or basket weave

armouring (if fitted)

Adequately supported along horizontal / vertical runs by suitable clips / ties

If running along open deck with expansion loops - examined for abrasion andwear

For cables pass though bulkheads - correctly glanded or through stopperboxes, prevent fire passage between compartments

Common insulations onboard - EPR (ethylene propylene rubber) or butylrubber, sheathed with PCP (polychloroprene) or CSP (chlorosulphonated

polyethelene)

EPR/butyl subjected to oil vapour - to tape / sleeve cable ends

Flexible cables to light fittings, power tools, etc. - inspected for mechanicaldamage, repeated dragged and chafed

Copper strap / flexible earthing braid/wire - bond equipment steel frame toship's hull

Cable


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Insulation resistance

Surveyor - results of recent insulation tests on

all 440V & 220 V

List indicate test date's, weather conditions

(hot, humid, etc) & comments (e.g. machine

hot or cold)

For generators & main motors - IR trend,

history of past results


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Required to test on selected motors

Visual examination - frame & terminal for damaged or missingparts

General neglect suspected if motor covered with dirt, oil orrust

TEFV induction motors - require less attention as windings

well protected Drip proof, weatherproof & deck water tightthoroughly

inspected

May need to open - check ingress of oil / water, insulationdamage & internal corrosion

Commutator / slip-ring - checked for rotary contacts and brushgear

Cargo cranes and winches are not strictly part of a survey asthey are not considered essential to the safety of the ship.



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Running testvibration, noise, worn out bearings & ampere

compared to rating plate Remote stop/start buttons, regulating resistors etc. - check for

burned & misaligned contacts

General condition of starter equipment - loose connections,

worn pigtails on moving contacts, badly carbonised arc chutes& overheating on coils, transformers & resistors

Dust / weather proof features - in place & serviceable

Functional checksstarts from local, remote and emergency,signal lamp status

OCR trip settings compared with motor FLC rating

Fuse size & type for starter - checked against maker's drawings& motor rating



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Electrical power & associated equipment

Sequence & operation of emergency generator - manually & automatically Emergency switchboard - voltage, current and frequency checked whenpowered by emergency generator

Functioning of emergency lighting, fire pump & other emergencyequipment

Interlocking arrangements between main & emergency switchboard

Auto-start relays (voltage / frequency operated) examined and tested Emergency battery installation & charging rectifier

Batterydry, well ventilated, top parts clean, terminal & connections freefrom corrosion & greased, proper electrolyte level & correct SG value

Safety notices & PPE available adjacent to batteries & proper ventilation

Battery charging equipment - checks for dirt, overheating, looseconnections & correct functioning of indicators, instruments and alarms


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Steering gear parts


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3 important parts: Power unit

Steering control

Indications and alarms

Power unit - duplicate motors & starters supplied from main swbd

SOLAS requirements - one motors to be supplied from emergency swbd

Motors, starters & c/o supply switch units to be inspected Rudder control (hydraulic telemotor or electric controller), supplies, changeoverfacilities for steering wheel and auto pilot must tested & well functional

Rudder swung from 32 port to 32 stbd in 28 sec with loaded condition

SG status indications operate correctly - steering flat, MCR & on bridge

Bridge indication should compared with direct mechanical indicator on rudder stock insteering flat

Motor over current alarmstest by simulating over current relay

SG motor does not have OCR protectionfuses only

Hydraulic low level alarms - correct initiation by level sensors

Steering gear parts


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Navigation light indicators


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Indicator operates correctly & shall givesappropriate alarms

Simulationby pulling the fuse

Power supply must duplicated & c/o facilitieschecked

Visual inspection on cable to the lights

Actual light fittings for navigation - part ofSafety Equipment Survey

Navigation light indicators


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UMS operation

Apart from basic survey, additional survey required to includealarms, fire detection, controls and fail-safe features

Alarms associated with ME, AE, lubrication & cooling - testedfor correct operation

Testing of circuits for sensorsmanually by switch or simulate

to alarm condition - prove function correctly Sensor calibration & alarm annunciatorsspecialist

Initiation and action of automatic shut down features to be tested

Essential drives for lubrication, cooling & fuel are duplicated - onduty/standby basis, automatically start up standby unit if duty

pump pressure loss Automatic start-up (under voltage & under-frequency relay) of

emergency generator demonstrated, run up to speed & supplyvoltage to emergency swbd


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Stby generator starts automatically if loss of duty generator & supplying voltage within45 sec

Followed by automatic restarting of essential auxiliaries - lubrication, cooling, fuel &steering

Bilge level alarms with automatic bilge pumping must proven

Main & stby power supplies to overall alarm monitoring system - inspected & tested

Stby power arrangement - backup battery & its trickle-charger to inspect

Tests made on UMS alarm system to verify: alarms displayed on main console relayed to group alarm panel on bridge

duty engr call system - duty engineer cabin, duty mess and lounges

Allowance of 2-3 minutes to respond to machinery alarm, otherwise dead man alarm sounded

Complete inspection / test of fire detection system

All smoke, heat & flame sensors - function correctly, giving audible & visual alarms

Hand operated fire alarm switches (break glass) - examined & to be tested

ME controls functional & tested from bridge, local & emergency position

Operational features of ME control & indication - demonstrated during full engine test

All equipment & connections associated with engine control - examined for wear & tear,insulation level, cleanliness, loose connections and overheating

UMS operation


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Tanker Electrical equipment - surveyed every 4 yrs & during docking

Hazardous area electrical equipment - surveyed every year Common hazardous area electrical equipment - flameproof enclosure type

(Exd) - light fittings, motors, starters, push-buttons and alarm bells

Inspected for surface cleanliness, corrosion & secure mountings

Light fittingscement, bonds the lamp glass to its frame - inspected for cracksor indentations

All bolts in place, evenly torqued-up and of correct type Edges of Exd flamepath flanged joints - not painted over / impeded

Must be adjudged weatherproof with correct (approved) gaskets or O rings inplace

Fittings may opened up - check condition of flamepath surfaces for corrosion,pitting or scratches

Ex Certification & equipment rating label must not painted over No alterations allow on Exd equipment without permission from Certification

Authority - lamp size & its rating


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Exd Flamepaths


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Pump rooms - pressurized light fittings (Exp)

To confirm - fittings are purged & pressurized before light is

switched on Lights automatically switched off if air pressure drops

Instrumentation & communication equipment - mustintrinsically safe (Exi)

Most Exi - zener barriers connected in line with IS circuits &

fitted in safe area, outside hazardous area Test zener barriersuneasy task, accepted if equipment

function correctly when circuit fault arise

Visual inspection during installation

Barriers have secure connections & bolted to earth strap,

bonded to ship's hull


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Exi Barrier Circuit

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