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Duke Energy Emerging Technology Office
Standards for Autonomous and Secure Microgrids
Stuart Laval
3/18/2015 page 3Copyright © 2015 Duke Energy All rights reserved.
About Duke Energy
• One of the Largest Electric Holding Companies in the United States
• Electric Utility operations in North and South Carolina, Indiana, Ohio, Kentucky and Florida serving 7.2 million customers
• 57,500 MW of regulated generation
• Renewable generation of 1500 MW of wind and 200 MW of solar located throughout the United States
Copyright © 2015 Duke Energy Corporation All rights reserved. page 4
History of Duke Energy Smart Grid Developments
• (~2007) Initially, we focused on the problem of connecting to multiple devices to backhaul data.
– Node-based solution (high volume) with multiple radios to connect to MV sensors, AMI, DA, and others.
• (~2012) But use cases evolved and new technologies (battery storage, microgrids, etc.) drove need to get access to data cheaper/better/faster at the edge of the network.
– Drove need for node platform hosting 1 or more standards-based message busses and common semantic models.
Copyright © 2015 Duke Energy Corporation All rights reserved.
Duke Energy Test Areas: Integrated Grid Ecosystems Pilot (2012)
Sub
stat
ion • Solar PV
• Energy Storage• Dist. Mgmt System• PMU (6)• Weather stations (7)
Sher
rill’
s Fo
rd, R
anki
n,
McA
lpin
eSu
bst
atio
ns
Cu
sto
me
rP
rem
ise
~60
ho
mes
ser
ved
by
M
cAlp
ine
circ
uit
s • Solar PV• Home Energy Manager• PEV • Charging Stations• Smart Appliances• Demand Response • In-home load monitoring
Dis
trib
uti
on
C
ircu
it
6 M
cAlp
ine
circ
uit
s
• Line Sensors (200+)• Solar PV• CES, HES Energy Storage • Comm. Nodes (3,000)• Intelligent Switches• DERMS/DMS• AMI metering (14,000)
3/18/2015 page 6Copyright © 2015 Duke Energy All rights reserved.
Key Observations:1. Multi-Purpose Functions2. Modular & Scalable HW&SW3. End-to-End Situational Awareness4. OT/IT/Telecom Convergence5. True Field Interoperability!
Key Observations:1. Single-Purpose Functions2. Proprietary & Silo’ed systems3. Latent , Error-prone Data4. OT/IT/Telecom Disconnected5. No Field Interoperability!
Lessons Learned from 2012 Smart Grid Pilot
Copyright © 2015 Duke Energy Corporation. All rights reserved.
IPNetwork
3/18/2015 page 8
Smart Meter
Capacitor Bank
LineSensor
XStreet Light
SmartAssets
DistributedEnergy Resources
Transformer
Intelligent Switch
DEM
AN
DEL
ECTR
IC G
RID
Smart Generation
Continuous Emission Monitoring
Weather SensorSUP
PLY
Other Nodes
Open StandardsNode
CPU
Radio InternetConnectivity
Distributed Intelligence
HeadEnd A
HeadEnd B
HeadEnd N
Data C
en
ter Message B
us
Network Router
UTILITYDATA CENTER
“Internet of Things” Platform for the Utility
Copyright © 2015 Duke Energy All rights reserved.
Technology Approach1. Internet Protocol2. Translation3. Contextualization4. Security5. Analytics
Open Field Message Bus (OpenFMB)
IPNetwork
3/18/2015 page 9
Smart Meter
Capacitor Bank
LineSensor
XStreet Light
SmartAssets
DistributedEnergy Resources
Transformer
Intelligent Switch
DEM
AN
DEL
ECTR
IC G
RID
Smart Generation
Continuous Emission Monitoring
Weather SensorSUP
PLY
Other Nodes
Open StandardsNode
Virtual OS
Core OS InternetConnectivity
Distributed Intelligence
HeadEnd A
HeadEnd B
HeadEnd N
Data C
en
ter Message B
us
Network Router
UTILITYDATA CENTER
“Internet of Things” Platform for the Utility
Copyright © 2015 Duke Energy All rights reserved.
Technology Approach1. Internet Protocol2. Translation3. Contextualization4. Security5. Analytics
Open Field Message Bus (OpenFMB)
IPNetwork
3/18/2015 page 10
Smart Meter
Capacitor Bank
LineSensor
XStreet Light
SmartAssets
DistributedEnergy Resources
Transformer
Intelligent Switch
DEM
AN
DEL
ECTR
IC G
RID
Smart Generation
Continuous Emission Monitoring
Weather SensorSUP
PLY
Other Nodes
Open StandardsNode
HeadEnd A
HeadEnd B
HeadEnd N
Data C
en
ter Message B
us
Network Router
UTILITYDATA CENTER• Processor(s) + Memory
• Linux-based OS • Open API Messaging• 3rd Party Apps• Security / Network Mgr
4G LTE, Wi-Fi, GPS
Ethernet, Serial
PLC, RF ISM, Bluetooth
IP RouterCapabilities
OptionalConnectivity
Distributed Computing
I/O, Metrology, Fiber
OptionalRequired
Legend
Copyright © 2015 Duke Energy All rights reserved.
“Internet of Things” Platform for the Utility
Flexible Hardware & Software Platform
11
RetrofitInside Cabinet
Pole MountedEnclosure
PadmountEnclosure
SubstationRackmount Server(s)
Integrated in End Device(as Software)
Copyright © 2015 Duke Energy All rights reserved.
AMISmart Meters
Protection& Control
DistributedEnergy Resources
IP Router
Virtual Software
Corporate Private
Network
MDM
SCADA
Headend
Higher Tier Central Office
(Utility Datacenter)
Application OS
Core OS
Legend
Middle TierNodes
(e.g. substation)
Lower TierNodes
(e.g. grid)
End PointsDevices
IP Router
Virtual Software
IP Router
Virtual Software
Field Area Network
(FAN)
Wide Area Network(WAN)
Local Area Network
(LAN)
Local Area Network
(LAN) Physical Transport
Virtual Telemetry
Tier 5 DIP Node
Firewall
Virtual Firewall
DMS
IoT Reference Architecture: Hybrid Multi-level Hierarchy
Copyright © 2015 Duke Energy Corporation All rights reserved.
OPEN APIMESSAGE BUS
Use-Case App(s)
OT System or Device
Analytics
Messaging
Translation
IT
Pu
blis
h
Sub
scri
be
Pu
blis
h
DNP Modbus
SmartMeter
CapBank
Intelligent Switch
FCI lineSensor
Sub
scri
be
OT
Compression
Security
Pu
blis
h
Sub
scri
be
Other
Pu
blis
h
Sub
scri
be
Transformer TelcoRouter
Battery/PVInverters
DMS PiSandbox
Head-End
Pu
blis
h
Sub
scri
be
Convergence of OT and IT
DDS, MQTT,AMQP
Copyright © 2015 Duke Energy All rights reserved.
Enabling Distributed Energy Resources with Intelligence at the Edge
Current State – Centralized Decision-Making Future State – Distributed Decision-Making
Meter Sensor
Cellular Network
Utility Office
Battery Storage
Rapid Swing inProduction
Meter Line Sensor
Node
Cellular Network
Utility Office
Battery Storage
Rapid Swing inProduction
Update Model
ResponseDecision +
UpdateModel
ResponseDecision
>1 Min < 0.25 sec
TransformerTransformer
Line SensorHead End
Line SensorHead End
14
Solar PV Solar PV
“Pass-Thru” “Field Message Bus”
Copyright © 2015 Duke Energy All rights reserved.
Field Test: Community Energy Storage
Shifting & Smoothing
In-rush Smoothing
Node w/ Field Msg Bus
Copyright © 2015 Duke Energy All rights reserved.
Why use an Open Field Message Bus (OpenFMB)?
• Pub-Sub Advantages vs. Polling
• Standard Interfaces & Dictionary
• Flexibility & Resiliency
• Unlocks Modularity
• Scalable Infrastructure
• Organizational Efficiencies
page 16Copyright © 2015 Duke Energy All rights reserved.
Benefits of the OpenFMB Framework
• Customer Benefits
• Cost Savings
• Risk Mitigation
Copyright © 2015 Duke Energy All rights reserved.
Strategies to Gain Adoption of OpenFMB
• Developed and Published Duke Energy Reference Architecture– http://www.duke-energy.com/pdfs/DEDistributedIntelligencePlatformVol01.pdf
• Standards strategy (2015)– SGIP– NAESB– UCAIug
• Getting utilities on board (2014-today)
• Getting vendors on board (2013-today)– Duke Energy Coalition of the Willing (part 1) – Distributech 2014 demo
(6 vendors)– Duke Energy Coalition of the Willing (part 2) – Distributech 2016 demo
(25+ vendors)Copyright © 2015 Duke Energy All rights reserved.
Duke Energy Test Microgrid Lab: Mount Holly, NC
PV Installations
Islanding Switch,
Transformer, and Battery
Behind the meter and low voltage power
electronic equipment
Grid Equipment
Copyright © 2015 Duke Energy All rights reserved.
Why is the OpenFMB Important for Duke Energy?
page 20
• Provides accurate control and alleviates intermittency of distributed energy resources
• Provides the ability to scale independently, as needed, without needing a system wide rollout
• Takes cost out of the business by reducing integration time and effort
• Allows Duke to be at the forefront of developing new regulations and policies
Copyright © 2015 Duke Energy All rights reserved.
Thank You!
For more information contact:
Stuart Laval, Duke [email protected]
page 21Copyright © 2015 Duke Energy All rights reserved.
Your systems. Working as one.
DDS: Connectivity Framework for Autonomous and Secure Microgrids
David Barnett
March 19, 2015
DDS: Designed for Critical Control Systems
• Real-time– Event-driven (push)– Low latency: sub-second, as low as μs– Often require determinism
• Always on– No unplanned downtime– No single point of failure or failover– Live upgrades
• Autonomous– Deployed at edge, in field (OT)– No run-time administration– Self-healing
• Extremely large scale– Up to millions of data and I/O points– Highly meshed– Millions or more updates/second
3/19/15 23© 2015 RTI
DDS: Designed for Critical Control Systems
• Real-time– Event-driven (push)– Low latency: sub-second, as low as μs– Often require determinism
• Always on– No unplanned downtime– No single point of failure or failover– Live upgrades
• Autonomous– Deployed at edge, in field (OT)– No run-time administration– Self-healing
• Extremely large scale– Up to millions of data and I/O points– Highly meshed– Millions or more updates/second
3/19/15 24© 2015 RTI
• Decentralized
• Intelligence at the edge
DDS Provides a Software Data Bus
Data Distribution Service
Sensors Actuators
Streaming Analytics &
ControlHMI
IT, Cloud & SoSConnectivity
3/19/15 © 2015 RTI 25
DDS is Decentralized, BrokerlessComponents Communicate Peer-to-Peer
Embedded library for new and updated apps
Adapter for existingapps and devices
3/19/15 26© 2015 RTI
DDS Interoperability Protocol
DDS App
DDS Library
DDS Device
DDS Library
OS & Transport OS & Transport
DDSAPI
Non-DDSApp
DDS Routing Service
Adapter
Non-DDSDevice
DDS Routing Service
Adapter
OS & Transport OS & Transport
E.g.: DNP3, 61850
PhysicalNetwork
DDS Uses
• Native interface
• Fast, scalable, resilient and secure integration bus
• Uniform API to devices with disparate native interfaces
3/19/15 27© 2015 RTI
Canonical Data Model
DDS App
DDS Library
DDS Device
DDS Library
OS & Transport OS & Transport
Non-DDSApp
DDS Routing Service
Adapter
Non-DDSDevice
DDS Routing Service
Adapter
OS & Transport OS & Transport
E.g.: DNP3, 61850
Integrated Capabilities
3/19/15 28© 2015 RTI
Transport-Layer Protocol
Reliable Messaging
Discovery
Type System - Evolvable
Real-Time Data Management
Request/Reply
Re
al-Time
Qu
ality of Se
rvice
Secu
rity
Data-Centric Publish-Subscribe
Application or AdapterDDS API
DDS-RTPS Wire Protocol
Operating System
Integrated Capabilities
3/19/15 29© 2015 RTI
Transport-Layer Protocol(s)
Reliable Messaging
Discovery
Type System - Evolvable
Real-Time Data Management
Request/Reply
Re
al-Time
Qu
ality of Se
rvice
Secu
rity
Data-Centric Publish-Subscribe
Application or Adapter
Operating System
• Provides reliability at messaging and app layers
• No requirement for reliable transport or IP
• Supports unicast and multicast• Typical:
• LAN: UDP ucast & mcast• WAN: TCP/TLS
• Also supports shared memory, radio, satellite
• Supports multiple concurrent transports
Integrated Capabilities
3/19/15 30© 2015 RTI
Transport-Layer Protocol(s)
Reliable Messaging
Discovery
Type System - Evolvable
Real-Time Data Management
Request/Reply
Re
al-Time
Qu
ality of Se
rvice
Secu
rity
Data-Centric Publish-Subscribe
Application or Adapter
Operating System
• High-level API abstracts apps from messaging details
• Apps read() and write() data objects
• Akin to using a database• Can poll for latest value or get
async notification of change• Subscriptions based on
content and time• DDS handles data distribution,
synchronization and filtering• Also flexible request/reply
Integrated Capabilities
3/19/15 31© 2015 RTI
Transport-Layer Protocol(s)
Reliable Messaging
Discovery
Type System - Evolvable
Real-Time Data Management
Request/Reply
Re
al-Time
Qu
ality of Se
rvice
Secu
rity
Data-Centric Publish-Subscribe
Application or Adapter
Operating System
• DDS automatically discovers and connects matching publishers and subscribers
• Little or no configuration is required
• Systems are self-forming and self-healing
Integrated Capabilities
3/19/15 32© 2015 RTI
Transport-Layer Protocol(s)
Reliable Messaging
Discovery
Type System - Evolvable
Real-Time Data Management
Request/Reply
Re
al-Time
Qu
ality of Se
rvice
Secu
rity
Data-Centric Publish-Subscribe
Application or Adapter
Operating System
• Rich built-in type system• Automatically serializes and
deserializes data• Uses compact, binary wire
representation• Most type metadata only
exchanged at discovery time• Types can evolve without
breaking backward compatibility
Integrated Capabilities
3/19/15 33© 2015 RTI
Transport-Layer Protocol(s)
Reliable Messaging
Discovery
Type System - Evolvable
Real-Time Data Management
Request/Reply
Re
al-Time
Qu
ality of Se
rvice
Secu
rity
Data-Centric Publish-Subscribe
Application or Adapter
Operating System
• Control over:• Timing• Latency/throughput
tradeoffs• Level of reliability, from
best effort to durable storage with app-ack
• Failover• Resource utilization• History cache, including
for late joiners• Ordering
• Missed deadline notifications
DDS Security
• Configured at the DDS layer• Transparent to apps and adapters• Runs over any transport
– Including low bandwidth, unreliable– Multicast for scalability, low latency– Does not require TCP, (D)TLS or IP
• Plugin architecture– Built-in defaults– Customizable via standard API
• Completely decentralized– High performance and scalability– No single point of failure
Secure DDSlibrary
Authentication
Access Control
Encryption
Data Tagging
Logging
App / Adapter
Any Transport(e.g., TCP, UDP, multicast,
shared memory, )
3/19/15 © 2015 RTI 34
Standard Capabilities
Authentication X.509 Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) with a pre-configured shared Certificate Authority (CA)
Digital Signature Algorithm (DSA) with Diffie-Hellman and RSA for authentication and key exchange
Access Control Specified via permissions file signed by shared CA Control over ability to join systems, read or write data topics
Cryptography Protected key distribution AES128 and AES256 for encryption HMAC-SHA1 and HMAC-SHA256 for message authentication
and integrity Data Tagging Tags specify security metadata, such as classification level
Can be used to determine access privileges (via plugin)Logging Log security events to a file or distribute securely over
Connext DDS
3/19/15 © 2015 RTI 35
Control over Encryption
• Scope
– Discovery data
– Metadata
– Data
• For each:
– Encrypt
– Sign
• Optimizes performance by only encrypting data that must be private
3/19/15 © 2015 RTI 36
Overcomes Limitations ofTransport Layer Security
• No inherent access control– Usually implemented centrally
• No multicast support – Inefficient for broad data distribution
• Usually runs over TCP– Poor latency and jitter
– Requires a network robust enough to support IP and TCP
• All data treated as reliable– Even fast changing data that could be “best effort”
• Always encrypts all data, metadata & protocol headers– Even if some data does not have to be private
3/19/15 37© 2015 RTI
DDS Security Status
• Specification adopted March 2014
– Considered “Beta” for ~1 year
– RTI chairing Finalization Task Force
• Early Access Release available now from RTI
3/19/15 © 2015 RTI 38
Managed by Object Management Group
• ~300 member organizations
• Also manage UML, others
• Standards are freely available
– http://www.omg.org/spec/index.htm#DDS
• Open and formal process
– Anyone can join, contribute and vote
3/19/15 39© 2015 RTI
Broad Adoption and Support
• Used by at least 2,000 projects
• ~14 implementations
• 9 have demonstrated interoperability
3/19/15 © 2015 RTI 40
DDS Summary
• High performance and scalability– Decentralized architecture: no brokers as bottlenecks
– Peer-to-peer communication over multicast for low latency
– Wire and CPU efficient
• Reliable and autonomous– No single point of failure
– Support for redundant networks
– Automatic failover between redundant publishers
– Dynamic upgrades and data type evolution
– Self-healing
• Security without compromising operational requirements
3/19/15 41© 2015 RTI
About RTI
• Communications middleware market leader– Largest embedded middleware vendor– Over 70% commercial DDS market share
• Standards leader– Active in 15 standards efforts– DDS authors– OMG Board of Directors– Industrial Internet Consortium
• Maturity leader– 800+ commercial designs– 400+ research projects
*Embedded Market Forecastersand Venture Development Corp (VDC)
423/19/15 © 2015 RTI
Next Steps – Learn More
• Contact RTI– Demo, Q&A
• Download software– www.rti.com/downloads
– Free trial with comprehensivetutorial
– RTI Shapes Demo
• Watch videos & webinars, read whitepapers– www.rti.com/resources
– www.youtube.com/realtimeinnovations
3/19/15 © 2015 RTI 43
Audience Q & A
Stuart Laval,
Manager of Technology Development,
Duke Energy
David Barnett,
Vice President of Products and Markets,
RTI
Thanks for joining us
Event archive available at:
http://ecast.opensystemsmedia.com/
E-mail us at: [email protected]