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NETCOM 21

Standards for Broadband Access

 –  David R. Smith

 –  George Washington University Virginia Campus

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  Standards Organizations

• U.S.

 –  ANSI

 – TIA/EIA

 –  IEEE

• Europe

 –  ETSI

• International

 –  ITU

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  Broadband Access Standards

• Wired

 –  Digital Subscriber Lines

 –  Cable Modems

 –  Passive Optical Networks

• Wireless

 –  Local Area Networks

 –  Metropolitan Area Networks

 –  Licensed versus Unlicensed Frequencies

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Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line

Standards

• ANSI T1E1 Standard T1.413

 –  Downstream: Up to 6.144 Mbps

 –  Upstream: Up to 640 kbps

• ETSI Contribution to ANSI Standard

 –  Downstream: Up to 8.192 Mbps

 –  Upstream: Up to 640 kbps

• ITU Standard

 –  G.992.1: Splittered ADSL

 –  G.992.2: Splitterless ADSL

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Cable Modem Standards

• IEEE 802.14 –  Initiated in 1994

 –  Completed in May 1997

 –  Robust, long-term solution

• Data over Cable System Interface Specification (DOCSIS) –  Developed by Multimedia Cable Network System (MCNS)

 –  DOCSIS 1.0 released in March 1997, 1.1 in March 1999

 –  Dominates U. S. Market

• Europe –  EuroDOCSIS

 –  DVB/DAVIC

• ITU J.83: All of above plus Japanese standard

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DOCSIS Downstream

• Modulation: 64 and 256 QAM

• Bandwidth: 6 MHz (8 MHz in Europe)

•

Data Rate: 27 or 36 Mbps• Carrier Frequency: 88 - 860 MHz

• Framing: MPEG-2

• Encryption: DES

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DOCSIS Upstream

• Modulation: QPSK and 16 QAM

• Bandwidth: 200, 400, 800, 1600, or 3200 kHz

•

Data Rate: 320 kbps to 10.24 Mbps• Carrier Frequency: 5 - 42 MHz

• TDMA or FDMA

• MAC: Request/Grant Mechanism with Downstream

assignment of Upstream Mini-slots• Encryption: DES

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ATM PON

• ITU-T G.983.1

• Based on specs of Full Service Access Network 

consortium

• Provides FTTx for up to 20 km reach

• Data rates

 –  155.52 Mbps up and downstream

 –  155.52 Mbps upstream and 622.08 Mbps downstream

• Wavelengths (on same fiber)

 –  1500 nm downstream

 –  1300 nm upstream

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Frequency Bands for Broadband

Wireless Access

• LICENSED BANDS –  MMDS/ITFS: 2.5  –  2.7 GHz

 –  LMDS: 27.5  –  31.3 GHz

 –  Cellular design

• UNLICENSED BANDS –  900  –  928 MHz

 –  2.4 GHz

 –  5 GHz

 –  Spread spectrum, Limited power

• APPLICATIONS –  Licensed Bands: Broadband Wireless Access

 –  Unlicensed Bands: Wireless LANs and MANs

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802.11b

802.11a802.11

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  2.4 GHz WLAN Applications 

10m 30m 60m 100m

2M

0

4M

6M

8M

10M

802.11

PAN

HomeRFBluetooth

802.11

extensions

By Data Rate and Range 

Range (meters  ) 

Data Rate (Mbps) 

For 2.4GHz WLAN Applications 

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IEEE 802.11a Physical Layer

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IEEE 802.16 Broadband Wireless

Access

• 802.16 –  10 to 66 GHz licensed frequencies

 –  Two main proposals, DOCSIS and non-DOCSIS

• 802.16a –  2 to 10 GHz licensed frequencies

 –  Six proposals, with OFDM theme

• 802.16b –  Wireless High-Data-Rate Unlicensed Metropolitan Area Network 

(HUMAN)

 –  5 GHz unlicensed band

 –  Proposals to be based on 802.11, 802.15 and 802.16

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IEEE 802.16 Physical Layer

• Two modes, A and B

 –  Mode A: Continuous transmission, FDD only

 –  Mode B: Burst transmission, FDD and TDD

•

Multiplexing and Access –  Downstream

• TDM for continuous transmission

• TDMA for burst transmission

 –  Upstream: Combination of TDMA and DAMA

• Modulation: QPSK, 8PSK, 16 QAM, 64 QAM options

• Coding: R-S and Convolutional Coding

• Bandwidths: 14, 28, and 56 MHz suggested

• Data rates and many other parameters: TBD

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  LOCAL MULTIPOINT

DISTRIBUTION SERVICE (LMDS)

• Total of 1.3 GHz of spectrum allocated between 27.5 and

31.3 GHz

• Fixed broadband wireless applications

• Large bandwidths allow integrated services for video,

voice, and data

• Cellular-like point-to-multipoint architecture

•

Short range due to propagation losses at 30 GHz• Many worldwide trials in place

• FCC conducted auction in early 1998

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  MMDS/ITFS

ITFS  – Instructional Television Fixed Service. ITFS is presently aFCC licensed broadband fixed base station wireless one-wayeducational point-to-multipoint television technology.

ITFS presently provides legacy analog 6 MHz video downstreamchannels.

One-way MMDS has been operational since 1978, also known as“wireless cable” 

In September 1998 the FCC allowed two way service.

In August 2000 the FCC expanded ITFS to two-way services andallowed wireless operators to combine MMDS and ITFSfrequencies

Total of 33 channels, each 6 MHz, for combined MMDS/ITFS

Smaller bandwidths, less propagation loss than LMDS

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  FCC ITFS/MMDS

Spectrum Allocation

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 5 GHz Unlicensed Bands 

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Standards Issues

• Expanding set of features

 –  Improved Security

 –  Bandwidth on demand

 –  QoS

 –  Improved spectrum utilization, including rate adaptation

 –  Support to multiple bands, multiple carriers, and multiple standards

• Convergence of 

 –  fixed and mobile wireless standards (4G)

 –  Satellite and terrestrial standards

 –  Wired and wireless standards