Stanford Human Trafficking India Final Report

7/30/2019 Stanford Human Trafficking India Final Report

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"#$%&!'(%))*+,*&-!*&!.&/*%0!Dynamics,!Current!Efforts,!and!Intervention!

Opportunities!for!The!Asia!Foundation!

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Prepared!For:

!Masters

!in

!Public

!Policy/International

!Policy

!Studies

!Practicum

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Sadika!Hameed,!Sandile!Hlatshwayo,!Evan!Tanner,

and!Jungwon!Yang!Meltem!Trker,!

1%(+2!345!4636!


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PREFACE !

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TABLE!OF !CONTENTS!

LIST!OF!FIGURES!..................................................................................................................................................III!

LIST!

OF!

TABLES!

....................................................................................................................................................III!ACRONYMS!.............................................................................................................................................................IV!

EXECUTIVE!SUMMARY!.......................................................................................................................................VI!

1! INTRODUCTION!TO!THE!STUDY!................................................................................................................1!

1.1 INTRODUCTION!...........................................................................................................................................1!

1.2! OBJECTIVES!AND!SCOPE!.............................................................................................................................2!

2! METHODOLOGY!&!RESEARCH!DESIGN!....................................................................................................!4!

3! DYNAMICS!OF!TRAFFICKING!......................................................................................................................7!

3.1 SOCIOECONOMIC!CHARACTERISTICS!OF!SELECTED!STATES/TERRITORIES!..........................................

!8!

3.3 ROOT!CAUSES!OF!TRAFFICKING:!SUPPLY!&!DEMAND!SIDE!.................................................................!12

3.2 MIGRATION!PATTERNS!&!SECTORS!OF!TIP!..........................................................................................!11!

3.4 IMPACTS!OF!TRAFFICKING!......................................................................................................................16

! !

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3.5! THE!ANTI"TIP!LEGAL!FRAMEWORK!.....................................................................................................!18!

4! CURRENT!NGO,!DONOR,!AND!GOVERNMENT!EFFORTS!.................................................................!23!

4.1 TRAFFICKING!INTERVENTIONS:!OVERVIEW!OF!THE!3!PS!+!C!..........................................................!23!

! !

4.3! NON"GOVERNMENTAL!ORGANIZATIONS/DONOR!ANTI"TIP!EFFORTS!..............................................!27

4.2 GOVERNMENT!ANTI"TIP!EFFORTS!........................................................................................................!23

!

5! REVIEW!OF

!KEY

!FINDINGS

!.......................................................................................................................39!

5.1 DYNAMICS!OF!TRAFFICKING!IN!INDIA!....................................................................................................!39!

5.3 GOVERNMENT!ANTI"TIP!EFFORTS!........................................................................................................!40

5.2 INDIAS!ANTI"TIP!LEGAL!FRAMEWORK!................................................................................................!40!

! !

5.4! NGO/DONOR!ANTI"TIP!EFFORTS!........................................................................................................!40!

6! POLICY!RECOMMENDATIONS !AND!ANALYSIS!...................................................................................!42!

6.1 EVALUATION!OF!INTERVENTION!OPTIONS!............................................................................................!42!

6.3 REVIEW!OF!INNOVATIVE!ALTERNATIVES!..............................................................................................!51

6.2 RECOMMENDATIONS!...............................................................................................................................44!

! !

6.4! CONCLUSION!............................................................................................................................................52!

7! REFERENCES!..................................................................................................................................................53!

8! APPENDIX!I:!INTERVIEWS!........................................................................................................................60!

8.1 NGO!INTERVIEW!SCRIPT!........................................................................................................................60!

8.2! NGO!INTERVIEW!RESULTS!.....................................................................................................................63!

9! APPENDIX!II:!RECOMMENDATION!EVALUATION!CRITERIA!........................................................!77!


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1. Coordinate!new!economic!cooperatives!or!link!existing!cooperatives!with!the!private!sector!

2. Hold!anti"trafficking!festivals!in!rural!areas!3. Scale!up!NGOled!transit!point!interventions!4. Create!a!registry!of!anti"trafficking!individuals/organizations!5. Support!the!government!Anti"Trafficking!Nodal!Office!6. Increase!communicative!capacity!of!the!(ATSEC!India)!National!Anti"Trafficking!

Network.!

7. Conduct!monitoring!and!evaluation!of!the!new!297!Integrated!Anti"Human!Trafficking!Units!

8. Train!prosecutors!on!post"conviction!activities!(e.g.!compensation!law,!rehabilitation!law)

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9. Conduct!in"field!research!on!labor!trafficking!10.Create!training/sensitization!programs!for!police!&!other!prosecution!stakeholders.!


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!15

!Sen,!S.!(2004).!A!Report!on!Trafficking!in!Women!and!Children!in!India!2002"2003.!New!Delhi:!National!Human!Rights!

Commission,!UNIFEM,!Institute!of!Social!Sciences.!16

!UNIFEM!(2009).!Anti"Trafficking.!Retrieved!on!October!10,!2009!from!http://www.unifem.org.in/antitafficking.html.!!


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!

Table!1:!Comparison!of!Selected!States/Territories 17!

State!National!and!

International!Borders!

No.!of!

rescues!

(2002)!

Sex!

Ratio!

(2001

)!

%!

under!

poverty!

line!

Percentage!SC!

to!state!

Population!

(2001)!

Disaster!/!

Conflict!

Prone?!

Literacy!Rates!

(2001)!

GDP!

Growth!

(2006)!

HIV!Prevalence!

among!Female!

Sex!Workers!

(2006)!

Source!/!!

Destination!/!

Transit!Area!

(2002)!

Orissa!B&/2(%!M(%/8725!

N22%;;*7-%(25!X87;!Z8&-%E!%&/!h2%(,2%&/!

?&,&:e&! b`4! ]bDb! 3aD^! W!':;%E0!a]Da!1%E80!`aD6!

C8$%E80!^6Db!36D^! 6DU! >:#(+8!

Bihar!

X87;!Z8&-%E5!h2%(,2%&/5!?;;%(!M(%/8725!F89%E!

36! b43! \4Da! 3^D`! W!

':;%E0!\`D^!1%E80!a6D]!

C8$%E80!]4Da!\D4! ]D\!

>:#(+85!;(%&7*;5!%&/!/87;*&%;*:&!

Delhi!"%(=%&%!%&/!?;;%(!

M(%/872!U3! U43! UD]! 3aDb! F!

':;%E0!U3DU!1%E80!U`D\!

C8$%E80!`^D6!aD`! ]D4!

L87;*&%;*:&!%&/!;(%&7*;!

West!Bengal!Z%&-E%/8725!B77%$5!>*,,*$5!

Z2#;%&5!F89%E5!Z*2%(5!h2%(,2%&/!%&/!H(*77%!

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>:#(+8!%&/!;(%&7*;!

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C8$%E80!`^D^!UD]! ?&,&:e&! L87;*&%;*:&!

Andhra!Pradesh!

'%$*E!F%/#5!V%(&%;%,%5!1%2%(%72;(%5!

N22%;;*7-%(2!%&/!H(*77%!36\! b`U! 3^DU! 3aD4! W!

':;%E0!a3D3!1%E80!`6Db!

C8$%E80!^3D4!\Db! bD`!

>:#(+8!%&/!;(%&7*;!

Tamil!Nadu! B&/2(%!M(%/8725!V8(%E%! U6! bUa! 43D3! 3bD6! W!':;%E0!`]D^!1%E80!U4D]!

C8$%E80!a\Da!aDU! \D`!

>:#(+85!;(%&7*;5!%&/!/87;*&%;*:&!

Jharkhand!X87;!Z8&-%E5!H(*77%5!N22%;;*7-%(25!?;;%(!

M(%/8725!Z*2%(!?&,&:e&! b\3! \\! 33DU! W!

':;%E0!^\D3!1%E80!a`Db!

C8$%E80!]bD\!36DU3! 3D3! >:#(+8!

Chhattisgarh!h2%(,2%&/5!H(*77%5!B&/2(%!

M(%/8725!1%2%(%72;(%5!1%/2=%!

M(%/872!%&/!?;;%(!M(%/872!

?&,&:e&! bb6! ]UDb! 33Da! W!

':;%E0!a^D4!

1%E80!``Db!

C8$%E80!^4D\!

3]D3a! 3D\! >:#(+8!

!

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!17

!UNIFEM.!(2004).!A!Report!on!Trafficking!in!Women!and!Children!in!India!2002"2003,!NHRC"UNIFEM"ISS!Project!(n.d.).!Retrieved!November!2,!2009;!Dubey,!R.,!Surendra,!N.!

(2001).!Population!of!India.!Authors!press,!First!Edition;!and!Khan,!A.,!Vivek,!H.!(2007).!State!of!the!Indian!Economy!"!Towards!a!larger!constituency!for!second!generation!

economic!reforms.!Sage!Publications;!First!Edition.!

! 36


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! 33

]D4 1.GRB'.HF!MB''SRF>!I!>SN'HR>!HC!'.M!!!.&/*%!2%7!2*7;:(*+%EE=!8f98(*8&+8/!7*-&*)*+%&;!E8@8E7!:)!$*-(%;*:&!%&/!$:@8$8&;!%+(:77!


24/92

! 34

B7!$8&;*:&8/!%S>!HC!'RBCC.NV.FG0!>?MMTW!>.LS!V8=!)%+;:(7!*&)E#8&+*&-!;28!7#99E=!7*/8!:)!2#$%&!;(%))*+,*&-!%(8!9:@8(;=5!-E:;%;87!e*;2!;28!2*-287;!E8@8E7!:)!9:@8(;=!%(8!e28(8!;28!E%(-87;!$


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! 3]

.;!*7!:);8&!%(-#8/!;2%;!;28!J)8$*&*i%;*:&!:)!9:@8(;=K!*7!/(*@*&-!;28!*&+(8%7*&-!;(8&/!:)!;(%))*+,*&-!*&!

e:$8&D!.&@87;$8&;!*&!)8$%E8!e:(,8(7!*7!E:e8(!+:$9%(8/!;:!;28*(!$%E8!+:#&;8(9%(;7!%&/!e:$8&!

(8+8*@8!E877!:)!e2%;!7:+*8;=!9(:/#+87D!'2*7!8f;8&/7!;:!8/#+%;*:&5!28%E;2!+%(85!%&/!9(:/#+;*@8!%778;7!

;2%;!+:#E/!*$9(:@8!;28*(!e8EE!*$*E%(E=5!$%+(:8+:&:$*+!(8):($7!%&/!-E:


26/92

! 3\

;2%;!$%,87!e:$8&!%&!8+:&:$*+!P'R.ZS>!B!7;#/=!NQ!%&/!7+28/#E8/!;(*'Q!*&!%&=!-*@8&!7;%;8!

!O788!'%


27/92

! 3^

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

72*&8(75!%&/!*&!:;28(!+%787!*&!N>X!:(!;(%))*+,8/!):(!:(-%&!;(%&79E%&;!(8%7:&7D!>:$8;*$875!;28=!%(8!

(8+(#*;8/!*&!+*(+#787!%&/!;(%@8EE*&-!72:e7D]\!!

>%/E=5!;28!@8(=!)%+;!;2%;!+2*E/(8&!%(8!;(%))*+,8/!$%,87!):(!%!78E)_8&):(+*&-!$8+2%&*7$!e28(8!;28=!

e*EE!+:&;*!;:!


28/92

! 3a

.&;8(/898&/8&;E=!E*&,8/!e*;2!;28!7#99E=!7*/8!)%+;:(7!;2%;!&8-%;*@8E=!*&)E#8&+8!'.M!%(8!/8$%&/!7*/8!

)%+;:(7D!!

]D]D4 RHH'!NB?>S>!HC!'RBCC.NV.FG0!LS1BFL!>.LS!'(%))*+,8/!E%HN.BT!.1MBN'>!.;!*7!+E8%(!;2%;!;(%))*+,*&-!8&):(+87!%&/!(8_8&):(+87!9%;(*%(+2%E!%;;*;#/87!%&/!/*7+(*$*&%;:(=!


29/92

! 3`

)(:$!%!$:(8!:99(877*@8!7*;#%;*:&D\4!1%&=!e:$8&!(8;#(&!2:$8!e*;2!)#&/7!;:!*&@87;!*&!;28$78E@87!

%&/!;28!+:$$#&*;=5!+2::7*&-!;:!(8$%*&!7*E8&;!%!.&!;8($7!:)!E:7;!9:;8&;*%E!(8;#(&7!;:!2#$%&!:(!7:+*%E!+%9*;%E5!8+:&:$*+!E:7787!)(:$!2#$%&!

;(%))*+,*&-!%(8!8&:($:#7D!\\!'28!&8+877%(=!+:7;!:)!%&;*_;(%))*+,*&-!*&*;*%;*@87!9#;7!%//8/!7;(%*&!:&!

E*$*;8/!-:@8(&$8&;!(87:#(+87D!"#-8!%$:#&;7!:)!*&+:$8!(8$%*&!E:7;!*&!2*//8&!78+;:(7!7#+2!%7!

+:$$8(+*%E!78f!e:(,!%&/!87+%98!;28!):($%E!8+:&:$=!):(!*&+:$8!(8_-8&8(%;*:&!%&/!9(:/#+;*@8!#787!

O*D8D5!;28!D!.&!$%&=!

+%7875!%e%(8&877!9(:-(%$7!2%@8!-*@8&!;28!*$9(877*:&!;2%;!%EE!;(%))*+,8/!98:9E8!%(8!*&)8+;8/5!

$%,*&-!*;!/*))*+#E;!;:!(82%

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!42

!Blanchet.!(1996).!

43!ADB.!(2005).!

44!Ibid.!

45!Ibid.!


30/92

! 3U

]D^ '"S!BF'._'.M!TSGBT!CRB1SXHRV!X2*E8!;28(8!%(8!%!E%(-8!+:EE8+;*:&!:)!7;%;#;875!8f*7;*&-!*&;8(&%;*:&%E!I!(8-*:&%E!+:&@8&;*:&75!%+;*@8!

*&7;*;#;*:&75!%&/!%!/8)*&8/!E8-%E!9(:+877!;2%;!*7!/87*-&8/!;:!8&7#(8!;2%;!'.M!:))8&/8(7!!B!$


31/92

! 3b

7;%&/%(/!):(!*&;8(@8&;*:&!:(!E%e!8&):(+8$8&;!*&!9(8@8&;*&-!2#$%&!;(%))*+,*&-D!1:(8:@8(5!$%&=!:)!

;28!E%e7!(8E%;*&-!;:!;(%))*+,*&-!%(8!*&+:&7*7;8&;E=!8&):(+8/5!%&/!7:$8!:)!;28*(!9(87+(*!]D^D4D3NSF'RBT!GH[SRF1SF'!!'28!+8&;(%E!-:@8(&$8&;!*&!.&/*%!*7!*&!+2%(-8!:)!(%;*)=*&-!;28!*&;8(&%;*:&%E5!(8-*:&%E5!%&/!&%;*:&%E!

E%e7!(8E%;*&-!;:!2#$%&!;(%))*+,*&-!*77#87D!.&!%//*;*:&!;:!)#&/*&-!:@8(!466!728E;8(75!*;!%E7:!+:&/#+;7!%e%(8&877!+%$9%*-&7!%-%*&7;!2#$%&!;(%))*+,*&-5!%EE:+%;87!)#&/*&-!;:!7;%;8!9(:-(%$75!%&/!$:&*;:(7!

;(%))*+,*&-!;(8&/7D!":e8@8(5!*;!*7!&:;!/*(8+;E=!(879:&7*


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! 46

(8+8*@8/!%&=!,*&/!:)!;(%*&*&-!:&

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

!

]D^D4D4>'B'S!GH[SRF1SF'!!'28!7;%;8!-:@8(&$8&;7!%(8!(879:&7*


33/92

! 43

S@8&!$:(8!8-(8-*:#7E=5!;28=!E%+,!78&7*;*@*;=!;:!;28!9E*-2;!:)!;(%))*+,*&-!%&/!#78!;28!.'MB!%-%*&7;!;28!

@*+;*$75!&:;!;28!;(%))*+,8(7D!C#(;28($:(85!e2*E8!$%,*&-!7:$8!-%*&7!*&!9(:;8+;*:&!%&/!+%9%+*;=!

*&@87;*-%;*:&75!$%,*&-!;28!g#/*+*%E!9(:+877!@8(=!8%7=!):(!;(%))*+,8(7!;:!8@%/8!:(!$%&*9#E%;8!e*;2!;28!

9#(9:78!:)!-%*&*&-!%&!%+A#*;;%ED!!

C*&%EE=5!;28!)%+;!;2%;!;28!*77#8!:)!;(%))*+,*&-!*7!+%9;#(8/!


34/92

$%,*&-!%((87;7!


35/92

! 4]

!

4 CURRENT !NGO,!DONOR,!AN D !GOVERNMENT!EFFORTS !G*@8&!.&/*%K7!)8/8(%E!7=7;8$5!9%(;*+#E%(!):+#7!2%7!


36/92

! 4\

Table!2:!Recent!Central!Government!Initiatives!to!Combat!TIP!

Recent!Central!Government!Initiatives!to!Combat!TIP!

Integrated!

Anti"Human

!

Trafficking!

Units!(IAHTUs)!

! .&!466UP466b5!;28!-:@8(&$8&;!s%EE:+%;8/!t3U!$*EE*:&!;:!;28!1*&*7;(=!:)!":$8!B))%*(7!;:!+(8%;8!4b`!%&;*_2#$%&!;(%))*+,*&-!#&*;7!%+(:77!;28!&%;*:&!;:!;(%*&!%&/!78&7*;*i8!E%e!8&):(+8$8&;!:))*+*%E7Dsa3!!

! H(*-*&%EE=!%!?FHLN!9*E:;!9(:-(%$!E%#&+28/!*&!466`5!.B"'?7!%(8!;%7,8/!e*;2!O&:;!8f2%#7;*@8Q0!o (75!sM(:@*/*&-!%!$#E;*l!/*7+*9E*&%(=!%99(:%+2!%&/!%!g:*&;!(879:&78!e%/2%(!9(:-(%$DDD;28!-:@8(&$8&;!7#99:(;7!:@8(!466!728E;8(7!e*;2!%&!%&%E!


37/92

! 4^

\D4D4 >'B'S!GH[SRF1SF'!.F.'.B'.[S>!'H!NH1ZB'!'.M!\D4D4D3MRS[SF'.HF!1:7;!7;%;8!-:@8(&$8&;7!2%@8!):+#78/!:&!;28!9(8@8&;*:&!:)!'.M!%7!:99:78/!;:!9(:;8+;*:&5!

9(:78+#;*:&5!%&/!+%9%+*;=_;%;8!M:E*+=!):(!X:$8&Dn!.&!%!$%(,!:)!*&&:@%;*:&5!;28!7;%;8!%E7:!2%7!%--(877*@8E=!

*$9E8$8&;8/!;28!+8&;(%E!-:@8(&$8&;K7!F%;*:&%E!R#(%E!S$9E:=$8&;!G#%(%&;88!OFRSG>Q5!e2*+2!

-#%(%&;887!366!/%=7!:)!8$9E:=$8&;!):(!*;7!(#(%E!+*;*i8&7!8%+2!=8%(D!.;!*7!(89:(;8/!;2%;!;2*7!2%7!

28E98/!/8+(8%78!;28!E8@8E!:)!@#E&8(%


38/92

! 4a

7;%;87P;8((*;:(*87!e8!8f%$*&8/5!e8!/*/!&:;!)*&/!:;28(!7;%;8!-:@8(&$8&;7!;2%;!/*(8+;E=!9(:@*/8!

8@8(5!%7!$8&;*:&8/5!FGH7!:);8&!)*EE!;2*7!(:E8D!!9(:;8+;*@8!78(@*+87k!2:e

\D4D4D]MRH>SN?'.HF!X*;2!(8-%(/7!;:!9(:78+#;*:&!*&*;*%;*@875!):#(!7;%;87P;8((*;:(*87!2%@8!(89:(;8/!7;%;8_798+*)*+!9(:-(%$7D!Z*2%(!(8+8&;E=!28E/!%!+:&)8(8&+8!;:!):($#E%;8!E%e7!;:!+#(

;2878!2%@8!D!L8E2*!9:E*+8!2%@8!2%/!%&!*&*;*%;*@85!M%(*@%(;%&5!e2*+2!788,7!;:!

*&+(8%78!-8&/8(!8A#%E*;=!%&/!*$9(:@8!9:E*+8!;(8%;$8&;!:)!e:$8&K7!*77#87D!C*&%EE=5!'%$*E!F%/#!2%7!

+(8%;8/!;28!B.L>!N:&;(:E!>:+*8;=5!e2*+2!9(:@*/87!;8+2&*+%E!%&/!)*&%&+*%E!7#99:(;!;:!FGH7!/8%E*&-!

e*;2!".[PB.L>D!'28!)%+;!;2%;!!B++:(/*&-!;:!(879:&787!)(:$!;28!FGH!*&;8(@*8e75!98(+89;*:&7!:)!;28!-:@8(&$8&;K7!8)):(;7!;:!+:$


39/92

! 4`

\D] FHF_GH[SRF1SF'BT!HRGBF.cB'.HF>PLHFHR!BF'._'.M!SCCHR'>!'BC!8f98+;7!;:!e:(,!@8(=!+E:78E=!e*;2!E:+%E!&:&_-:@8(&$8&;%E!:(-%&*i%;*:&7!OFGH7Q!*&!7#99:(;*&-!

;28*(!:&-:*&-!9(:-(%$7!%&/!


40/92

! 4U

! Z%78/!:&!)*&/*&-7!)(:$!;28!E8-%E!)(%$8e:(,!%&%E=7*75!;28!2*-2!$SN!OX87;!Z8&-%E!N2%9;8(Q!*7!;28!:&E=!FGH!*/8&;*)*8/!;:!


41/92

! 4b

+:#&;(=!!HC!.F'SR[SF'.HF!Be%(8&877!9(:-(%$7!$%,8!#9!;28!$%g:(*;=!:)!*&;8(@8&;*:&7!O788!'%


42/92

! ]6

!

Table!6:!Types!of!Intervention!(Across!All!Sample!States/Territories)!

Type!of!Intervention! #!of!Intervention entified!to!Date!s!Id

Be%(8&877!M(:-(%$7!OM(8@8&;*:&Q! 43!

'(%*&*& *E/*&-Q!-!M(:-(%$7!ON%9%+*;=_Z# 3\!

S/#+%;*:&!OM(8@8&;*:&Q! 3]!

S+:&:$*+ @8&;*:&Q!S$9:e8($8&;!OM(8 34!

>28E;8(!OM(:;8+;*:&Q! 36!

T8- &Q!%E!B/@:+%+=PB*/!OM(:78+#;*: b!

R82%*&2%5!/*(8+;:(!:)!>%&E%%9!%&/!

e*&&8(!:)!78@8(%E!%e%(/7!*&!;28!%(8%!:)!%&;*_'.M!e:(,5!;28!*$9%+;7!:)!-E:


43/92

! ]3

Oh%g&%78&*Q!;2%;!2%7!%!798+*)*+!/*7;(877!$*-(%;*:&!9(:-(%$!;:!+:#&;8(!;28!%$9E*)*8/!@#E&8(%5!.F'SRFB'.HFBT!FGH>5!BFL!X.'"!FS'XHRV>!

'28(8!e8(8!):#(!/*7;*&+;!e%=7!*&!e2*+2!;28!FGH7!+:EE%:+*%E!F8;e:(,!

B-%*&7;!N2*E/!>8f#%E!Sf9E:*;%;*:&!%&/!'(%))*+,*&-!ON22%;;*7-%(2Q5!%&/!;28!H(*77%!B&;*_'(%))*+,*&-!

F8;e:(,!OH(*77%QD!N:EE8+;*@8E=5!;2878!&8;e:(,7!+:$9(*78!%;!E8%7;!3^6!:(-%&*i%;*:&7!;2(:#-2:#;!;28!

78E8+;8/!7;%;87D!'28!&8;e:(,7!78(@8!%7!9E%;):($7!):(!*&):($%;*:&!%&/! !B&!:@8(e28E$*&-!$%g:(*;=!:)!:(-%&*i%;*:&7!*&;8(@*8e8/!O3^P3bQ!$8&;*:&8/!+:EE%


44/92

! ]4

(8E%;*:&72*9!e*;2!;28!7;%;8!;2%;!*;!*7!%77*7;*&-!;28!h2%(,2%&/K7!L89%(;$8&;!:)!>:+*%E!X8E)%(8!*&!

e(*;*&-!%!9E%&!:)!%+;*:&!;:!+:$


45/92

! ]]

%99(:%+287!2%@8!SN!&8;e:(,D!

?FHLN5!*&!+:EE%;%;8!N:#&+*E5!V:E,%;%!M:E*+85!%&/!;28!9(*@%;8!78+;:(5!

%$:&-!:;28(75!(8E8%78/!%!72:(;!)*E$!8&;*;E8/!mH&8!T*)85!F:!M(*+8n!;2%;!*&+:(9:(%;8/!E8-8&/%(=!

Z:EE=e::/!7;%(7!*&!:(/8(!;:!/(%e!%;;8&;*:&!;:!;28!*77#8D!B9&8!B%9!%&/!;28!Z8&-%E!F%;*:&%E!N2%$SN!Z*2%(!

g:*&7!;:-8;28(!E8%/8(7!)(:$!@%(*:#7!(8E*-*:&7!*&!%&!.&;8(_R8E*-*:#7!M(*87;7!C:(#$!7:!;2%;!;28=!+%&!

#&*;8!;:!/8&:#&+8!;(%))*+,*&-!;2(:#-2!;28!E%(-8!(8E*-*:#7!&8;e:(,7!;2%;!;28=!2%@8!%++877!;:D!'2*7!

9(:-(%$!*7!8f9%&/*&-!&%;*:&%EE=D!N:&;%+;!Z%78!*&!G:%!E*,8e*78!#;*E*i87!)%*;2_


46/92

! ]\

)#&/75!%&/!g:

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

*&/*@*/#%E7!/::(_;:_/::(!;:!*/8&;*)=!;2:78!*&!/%&-8(!:)!SN!h2%(,2%&/!(#&!V*72:(*!F*,8;%&5!e2*+2!(82%


47/92

! ]^

:)!;28!E%;;8(K7!N:(9:(%;8!>:+*%E!R879:&7*RQ!9(:-(%$7D!G(:#97!7#+2!%7!7;%;8!+2%$


48/92

! ]a

-8&8(%EE=!*&):($!@*+;*$7!:)!;28*

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

!

\D]D`D]MRH>SN?'.HF!M(:78+#;*:&!*7!9(*$%(*E=!;28!(879:&7*SN!

h2%(,2%&/5!(8798+;*@8E=D!`]!

T8-%E!%*/!*&!;(%))*+,*&-!+%787!*7!9(:@*/8/!


49/92

! ]`

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

%;;8&;*:&!;:!9(877!):(!g#7;*+8D!R87+#8!C:#&/%;*:&!9(:@*/87!%!+:$9(828&7*@8!7;(%;8-=5!+:&/#+;*&-!*;7!

:e&!*&@87;*-%;*:&!*&!9%(%EE8E!e*;2!;28!9:E*+85!2:E/*&-!$:+,!;(*%E7!;:!28E9!@*+;*$7!9(89%(8!%&/!-%*&!

+:&)*/8&+85!%&/!%77*7;*&-!;28!9#


50/92

! ]U

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

FGH7!%(8!-8&8(%EE=!*&@:E@8/!*&!7;(8&-;28&*&-!;28!g#/*+*%(=!%7!e8EED``!C:(!8f%$9E85!;28!F%;*:&%E!

?&*@8(7*;=!:)!h#(*/*+%E!>+*8&+87!%&/!>%&E%%9!e:(,!;:-8;28(!;:!;(%*&!9(:78+#;:(7D`U!

!77!ECPAT!International.!(2006).!Global!Monitoring!Report!on!the!status!of!action!against!commercial!sexual!exploitation!of!

children:!India.!ECPAT!International:!Bangkok.!

78!Ibid.!


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! ]b

!

5 REVIEW !OF !KE Y!FINDINGS!'2*7!78+;*:&!(8@*8e7!;28!,8=!)*&/*&-7!+:$9*E8/!)(:$!;28!E*;8(%;#(8!(8@*8e5!E8-%E!)(%$8e:(,!

@*8e7D!!%&%E=7*75!7;%;8!9(:)*E875!FGH!9(:)*E875!%&/!FGH!*&;8(

^D3 LWFB1.N>!HC!'RBCC.NV.FG!.F!.FL.B!! '28!$:7;!9(8@%E8&;!78+;:(7!8$9E:=*&-!@*+;*$7!:)!'.M!*&!.&/*%!%(8!+:$$8(+*%E!78f!e:(,5!


52/92

! \6

! '(%))*+,*&-!2%7!7:+*%E5!8+:&:$*+!%&/!28%E;2!*$9%+;7D!'(%))*+,*&-!(8_8&):(+87!/*7+(*$*&%;:(=!


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! \3

! 1%&=!:)!;28!FGH7!*&;8(@*8e8/!e:(,8/!e*;2!7$%EE!-(:#975!


54/92

! \4

!

6 POLICY!RECOMMENDATIONS!AN D !ANA LY SI S!'2*7!78+;*:&!E*7;7!9:E*+=!*&;8(@8&;*:&!%E;8(&%;*@87!B.LQ5!%&/!(878%(+2!)*&/*&-7D!'BC!2*-2E=!@%E#87!*&&:@%;*:&!%&/!

+:EE%


55/92

! \]

!

Table!8:!Policy!Alternatives!Ranking!Criteria!and!Weightings!

#! Criterion!6.1.1.1.1.1 Weighting!

(%)!

3! .7!;28!*/8%!innovative?! 36!

4!B(8!;28(8!existing grams!;2%;!+ &!


56/92

! \\

!

Table!9:!Ranking!of!Alternatives!!

Ranking! Type! Alternatives! !Score!

3! M(:;8+;*:&! N(8%;8!8+:&:$*+!+::98(%;*@87! U^!

4%! M(8@8&;*:&! ":E/!%&;*_;(%))*+,*&-!)87;*@%E7!*&!(#(%E!%(8%7! U]!

4+%E8 *:&7!#9!FGHlE8/!;(%&7*;!9:*&;!*&;8(@8&; U]!

4+! M(:;8+;*:&!N(8%;8!%!(8-*7;(=!:)!%&;*_;(%))*+,*&-!

*&/*@*/#%E7P:(-%&*i%;*:&7!U]!

^! N%9%+*;=_Z#*E/*&-! >#99:(;!;28!-:@8(&$8&;!B&;*_'(%))*+,*&-!F:/%E!H))*+8! U6!

a! N%9%+*;=_Z#*E/*&-! .&+(8%78!+:$$#&*+%;*@8!+%9%+*;=!:)!;28!OB'>SN!.&/*%Q!F%;*:&%E!B&;*_'(%))*+,*&-!F8;e:(,D! `U!

`! N%9%+*;=_Z#*E/*&-!N:&/#+;!$:&*;:(*&-!%&/!8@%E#%;*:&!:)!;28!&8e!4b`!

.&;8-(%;8/!B&;*_"#$%&!'(%))*+,*&-!?&*;7!`U!

U! M(:78+#;*:&!'( 7!%*&!9(:78+#;:(7!:&!9:7;_+:&@*+;*:&!%+;*@*;*8

O8D-D!+:$98&7%;*:&!E%e5!(82%!'28!):EE:e*&-!/87+(*9;*:&7!:)!;28!;:9!;8&!(8+:$$8&/%;*:&7!%(8!8%+2!%++:$9%&*8/!


57/92

! \^

9::(E=5!;28=!28E9!;:!*EE#7;(%;8!;2%;!8@8&!*&;8(@8&;*:&7!9(878&;E=!#&/8(!*$9E8$8&;%;*:&!%(8!&:;!

:9;*$%ED!

'28!*$9E8$8&;%;*:&!%&%E=787!+:&7*/8(8/!2:e!'BC!+:#E/!+%((=!:#;!8%+2!9(:-(%$!*&!E*-2;!:)!*;7!

(87:#(+8!%&/!


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! \a

Suggested!Partners!

X87;!Z8&-%E!1*E,!C8/8(%;*:&!N::98(%;*@8!>:+*8;=5!>;2(885!M(%ge%E%5!>'HM!L8E2*5!B(i!

Hold!anti"trafficking!festivals!in!rural!areas!

Ranking! 2a/16!

Description!

'2878!)87;*@%E7!e*EE!)#&+;*:&!%7!%&!m%EE_*&_:&8n!%&;*_'.M!8@8&;5!*&+E#/*&-!&:;!:&E=!m8/#;%*&$8&;n!:&!;28!$%&*9#E%;*:&7!:)!;(%))*+,8(75!


59/92

! \`

;28!:))8&78!*7!:);8&!+:-&*i%*$#E;%&8:#7E=5!8f*7;*&-!FGH!%&/!/:&:(!*&*;*%;*@87!%//(877*&-!;(%&7*;!9:*&;7!72:#E/!%&7;2%&5!Z2::$*,%![*2%(5!M(%=%7!

Build!a!database!of!individuals/organizations!that!are!relevant!to!trafficking!

Ranking! 2c/16!

Description!

'28!*&/*@*/#%E7!%&/!:(-%&*i%;*:&7!*&!;28!/%;%


60/92

! \U

monitoring!and!evaluation!of!TIP!

Ranking! 5/16!

Description!'2*7!*7!;:!Q!*&!'%$*E!F%/#!%&/!"STM!*&!B&/2(%!M(%/8725!9::(!+:$$#&*+%;*:&!


61/92

! \b

Long!term0!":e8@8(5!*)!'BC!)88E7!;2%;!;28=!7;*EE!2%@8!@%E#%


62/92

! ^6

:))8&/8(!*7!+:&@*+;8/QD

Implementation!

Analysis!

Short!term0!M%(;&8(!e*;2!/:&:(7!%&/!FGH7!;2%;!%(8!%E(8%/=!*&@:E@8/!*&!;(%*&*&-!9(:78+#;:(7!O>%&E%%95!?FHLNQD!.&!9%(%EE8E5!*/8&;*)=!9(:78+#;:(7!;2%;!2%@8!:#;2!B7*%!):#&/!;2%;!O3Q!;28(8!*7!;::!$#+2!):+#7!:&!N>S!%&/!O4Q!;2%;!;28(8!*7!;::!$#+2!):+#7!:&!e:$8&D!Z=!7:$8!%++:#&;75!E%


63/92

! ^3

&88/!:)!$:(8!;(%*&*&-!%&/!


64/92

! ^4

Ranking! 15/16!

Description!

'BC!+:#E/!)*EE!%!$


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! ^]

!

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!"!Dhenkanal.

!(n.d.).

!Retrieved

!November

!12,

!2009,

!from

!http://www.orissa.ngosindia.com/asha

"

dhenkanal.html!

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ncw_100255954.html#ixzz0VJFzgwME!

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!
http://www.usaid.gov/our_work/cross-cutting_programs/wid/trafficking/index.htmlhttp://www.usaid.gov/our_work/cross-cutting_programs/wid/trafficking/index.htmlhttp://www.usaid.gov/our_work/cross-cutting_programs/wid/trafficking/index.htmlhttp://www.usaid.gov/our_work/cross-cutting_programs/wid/trafficking/index.htmlhttp://www.imicreation.com/sv/pdf/tamilnadu.pdfhttp://www.imicreation.com/sv/pdf/tamilnadu.pdfhttp://www.usaid.gov/our_work/cross-cutting_programs/wid/trafficking/index.htmlhttp://www.imicreation.com/sv/pdf/tamilnadu.pdf


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77/92

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78/92

What!is!one!programme!that!you!feel!was!most!effective!in!combating!trafficking?!X2*+2!+%;8-:(=!/*/!;28!9(:-(%$!)%EE!#&/8(r!

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79/92

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80/92

What!are! state!implementation!of!state!initiatives?!the!gaps!in!C#&/*&-!!Be%(8&877!!N%9%+*;=!X*EE!%&/!+:$$*;$8&;!h#(*7/*+;*:&!L%;%!!N::(/*&%;*:&!!H;28(!

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81/92

What!hur e!in!combating!trafficking?!dles!do!authorities!facZ(*


82/92

What!traff !icking!laws!have!had!the!greatestimpact?!

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83/92

What!flaw ing!laws?!s!do!you!see!in!the!exist[*+;*$!9#&*72$8&;!M8(98;(%;:(7!&:;!+2%(-8/!%99(:9(*%;8E=!'28!*$9E8$8&;%;*:&!:)!E%e!H;28(!

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!

UD4D4D]FGH!N"BTTSFGS>!I!NHTTBZHRB'.HF!Table!14:!NGO!Challenges!&!Collaboration!

Question!Quantitative!

Results!Representative!Qualitative!Answers!

What!are!major!challenges!that!your!organisation!

faces!in

!implementing

!your

!programmes?

!T8-%E!*77#87!;:!/:!e*;2!E%e7!.77#87!;:!/:!e*;2!*$9E8$8&;%;*:&!:)!E%e7!.&):($%;*:&%EPN#E;#(%E!*77#87!C#&/*&-!T%+,!:)!+::98(%;*:&P+::(/*&%;*:&!L%;%!R8E*%E:e!g#/*+*%E!7=7;8$!! T%+,!:)!9(:98(!/%;%!! T%+,!:)!+::98(%;*:&!:)!+*@*E!7:+*8;=!%&/!7;%;8!! T%+,!:)!9(:)877*:&%E7!8798+*%EE=!)(:$!;28!)*8E/!:)!E%e5!7:+*%E!e:(,!%&/!

$8&;%E!28%E;2!

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*&;8-(%;8/!%99(:%+2!

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85/92

How!does!your!organization!collaborate!with!other!NGOs!to!reach!a!goal?!F#$BM!e2*+2!2%7!%!+::(/*&%;*:&!+:$$*;;88!;2%;!2%7!*;7!:e&!


86/92

How!does!your!organisation!collaborate!with!the!government!to!reach!a!goal?!L:!=:#!+:EE%


87/92

!

UD4D4D\FGH!MSR>MSN'.[S>!HF!'"S!LWFB1.N>!HC!'RBCC.NV.FG!Table!15:!NGO!Perspectives!on!the!Dynamics!of!Trafficking!

Question!Quantitative!

Results!Representative!Qualitative!Answers!

What!factors!make!the!area!where!your!program! stination,!transit,!takes!place!a!deor!a!source!of!TIP?!

M:@8(;=!(8%7:&7!Be%(8&877!%&/!8/#+%;*:&!N#E;#(%E!(8%7:&7!Z:(/8(7!S+:&:$*+!.$9(:@8$8&;P':#(*7$!N8&;8(!L8@8E:9$8&;!:)!.'!>8+;:(!S%7*&877!*&!'(%@8EE*&-!H;28(!

!!

!36!4!4!^!]!!

4!3!\!

Source!

!'(*

! `^


88/92

! `a

What!type!of!human!trafficking!is!most!prevalent!in!your!state?!

'(%))*+,*&-!):(!E%8f!;:#(*7$!%&/!92:;:-(%92=!O9:(&:-(%92=Q!! L:$87;*+!E%


89/92

9 AP PE ND IX !II : !RECOMMENDATION!EVALUATION!CRITERIA !!Z8E:e!%(8!;28!)#EE!(87#E;7!:)!;28!9:E*+=!%E;8(&%;*@87!(%&,*&-!8f8(+*78D!'2(88!:)!;28!(8+:$$8&/%;*:&7!;*8/!):(!78+:&/!9E%+8!%&/!;28(8!e%7!&:!(8+:$$8&/%;*:&!;2%;!7+:(8/!%


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Table!16:!Alternatives!Ranking!

! `U


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! `b

Table!17:!Alternatives!Ranking,!2!of!2!

!


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Date post:	14-Apr-2018
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Stanford Human Trafficking India Final Report

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