Start of Class1. Pick up your work from the front table.2. Get a blank piece of paper and draw

something like this

05/06/23 describe how the planets developed

Sunspot Lab1. What are sunspots? How they form, how

long they last, is there a cycle.2. On your drawings, how many sunspots did

you see? Was it what you would expect in a solar maximum period?

3. Do you think the sun would look the same after 10 minutes, What will change or not change

05/06/23 describe how the planets developed

Video Notes – The Sun How did early man use the sun? How did we determine the energy output of the

sun? What do we do to determine the sun’s make up? What does it tell you about the sun’s core, the

outer layers, the fusion process and a use for it? What does it tell you about sunspots, prominences

and flares?

05/06/23 describe how the planets developed

Warm UpWrite out a chapter outline. Clue page 570

Essential Question: Explain how the sun converts matter into energy Exit Question: In your own words, write an explanation on how the sun converts matter.Homework: Chapter 28 vocabulary, term-define-fact, page 586 due Friday 9/5/14

05/06/23 describe how the planets developed

05/06/23 describe how the planets developed

Chapter 28.1 Objectives Explain how the sun converts matter into

energy in its core Compare the Radiative and convection

zones of the sun Describe the three layers of the sun’s

atmosphere

05/06/23 describe how the planets developed

Chapter 28.1 Notes Until recently most people thought the sun energy

was fire. We now use spectroscopic analysis of the sun’s

rays Have studied the inner layers of the sun; the core,

the inner zones and the atmosphere

Explain how the sun converts matter into energy in its core

The core is 15,000,000C and is 10% of the sun’s diameter of 1,300,000 km

Has 300,000 times our mass and therefore more gravity

There is enough pressure in the core to strip electrons from atoms

This creates plasma and allows nuclear fusion to take place

05/06/23 describe how the planets developed

Explain how the sun converts matter into energy in its core

1. Two protons collide and fuse2. One changes into a neutron3. Another proton collide and fuse with the neutron

and proton4. This collides with another nuclei of the same5. Two protons thrown off

05/06/23 describe how the planets developed

Explain how the sun converts matter into energy in its core

Einstein proposed that a small amount of matter can create a large amount of energy

E=mc2 is the theory of relativity that show how much energy is created from matter

The sun coverts 600 million tons of Hydrogen a second

05/06/23 describe how the planets developed

Page 571 for more information

05/06/23 describe how the planets developed

Compare the Radiative and convection zones of the sun

The core 15,000,000C : energy is generated in the core

Radiative zone surrounds core 2,500,000C : Energy transferred atom to atom, like a wave on the waters surface

Convection zone 1,000,000C : energy is transferred in large circulation of plasma, colder at the sun’s surface and hotter as you near the radiative zone – page 574

05/06/23 describe how the planets developed

Describe the three layers of the sun’s atmosphere

Upper three layers of sun after convection zone Photosphere or light – energy bubbles up here as

light so we call it the surface, 6,000C The Chromosphere is a reddish zone that seems

to form jets off the photosphere Corona is the outer layer that prevents energy loss

05/06/23 describe how the planets developed

05/06/23 describe how the planets developed

Chapter 28.2 Objectives Explain how sunspots are related to

powerful magnetic fields on the sun. Compare prominences and solar flares. Describe how the solar wind can cause

auroras on the earth.

Chapter 28.2 Notes Gravity and Fusion cause solar materials to

constantly rise and fall Gas also moves because of the solar rotation The equator rotates in 25.3 days The poles in 33 days Average is 27 days

05/06/23 describe how the planets developed

05/06/23 describe how the planets developed

Explain how sunspots are related to powerful magnetic fields on the sun.

The up and down movement of the gases cause strong magnetic fields

These magnetic fields cause the convection currents to slow

Less material is raised to the photosphere – cool spots form 3,000C

The sunspot cycle is a 11 year period – most form at the equator – last low was 2008

05/06/23 describe how the planets developed

05/06/23 describe how the planets developed

Sunspots

05/06/23 describe how the planets developed

Compare prominences and solar flares.

1. The magnetic fields cause large clouds of hot gas to arch high above the sun’s surface

2. The arch follows the magnetic field lines; can last a few days to a year

3. Solar flares a violent eruptions of gas; can last several hours

4. Flares thrown into space; cause magnetic storms on earth that can effect radio communication

Describe how the solar wind can cause auroras on the earth.

Caused by magnetic storms from the sun Charged particles move along earths magnetic

fields and strike gases in the atmosphere They are 100km to 1,000km above the surface Sometimes called the northern or southern lights

05/06/23 describe how the planets developed

05/06/23 describe how the planets developed

Solar Wind Interaction with Magnetosphere

05/06/23 describe how the planets developed

Video Questions – The Sun What powers the sun and what is it made

of? How is the solar system formed? Explain the suns magnetic field. Explain the current theory of the end of our

solar system.

Chapter 28.3 Objectives Explain the Nebular theory of the origin of

the solar system. Describe how the planets developed. Describe the formation of the land, the

atmosphere, and the oceans of the earth.

05/06/23 describe how the planets developed

05/06/23 describe how the planets developed

Explain the Nebular theory of the origin of the solar system.

5 Billion years ago….. Explosion of nearby supernova caused nebula to condense

and spin – SOLAR NEBULA Planetesimals combined to form PROTOPLANETSPROTOPLANETS – “pre-

planets”

05/06/23 describe how the planets developed

Explain the Nebular theory of the origin of the solar system.

Formation of the Sun & Planets Nebular Theory

Solar Nebula PlanetesimalsProtoplanets

05/06/23 describe how the planets developed

Describe how the planets developed.

Formation of the Earth 3 Sources of Heat Primordial Heat

Left over heat from formation of Earth Compression of outer layers Radioactive Material in Core

The Solid Earth Core-Dense Core of Nickel & Iron Mantle Crust of less dense materials

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Describe the formation of the land, the atmosphere, and the oceans of the earth

Hydrogen & Helium found in nebulae

Lithium Iron formed in core of stars

from fusion

Nickel Plutonium formed during explosion

of supernovae and re-condense in new nebula

Is the Earth an “Original Planet?” Why?

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Describe the formation of the land, the atmosphere, and the oceans of the earth

05/06/23 describe how the planets developed

Describe the formation of the land, the atmosphere, and the oceans of the earth

Original (FIRSTFIRST) Atmosphere probably lost to solar winds Present Atmosphere results from Outgassing

Hydrogen & Helium abundant in Solar Nebula – where did water come from?

Volcanic eruptions released MASSIVE amounts of carbon dioxide & water

05/06/23 describe how the planets developed

Describe the formation of the land, the atmosphere, and the oceans of the earth

Reducing Oxidizing Atmosphere Sunlight caused Ammonia and water to form

NITROGEN GAS Cyanobacteria & photosynthetic plants converted

nitrogen to energy making OXYGEN WASTE PRODUCT

Oxygen reacted with sunlight to form OZONE – PROTECTIVE LAYER

With more ozone, life was able to thriveWith more ozone, life was able to thrive

05/06/23 describe how the planets developed

Describe the formation of the land, the atmosphere, and the oceans of the earth

3 to 3.5 BILLION years ago, the Earth cooled enough to allow water to form from steam

Rain fell and oceans formed in lower areas Today’s atmosphere has been constant for

last 1.5 Billion years