State of Water Statistics

in Jamaica

Regional Workshop on Water Accounting

16–18 July 2007

Santo Domingo

'Land of Wood and Water'

• The Tainos, who inhabited Jamaica before the Spanish and the English, called the island 'Xaymaca' which means the 'Land of Wood and Water'.

Legislation• The Water Resources Act of 1995 stated that

'It shall be the duty of the Water Resources Authority (WRA) to regulate, allocate, conserve and otherwise manage the water resources of Jamaica.'

• The Jamaica Water Sector Policy 2004 states the responsibilities of the different agencies which provide water services.

Legislation (cont’d)

• NWC Act 1963 amended 2004• Flood Control ActLinkages to other policies and Acts such as• the National Forest Management and Conservation

Plan• the National Watershed Policy• the Office of Utilities Regulation Act 1995• the National Irrigation Development Plan• the Ministry of Water and Housing Strategic

Framework• the National Land Policy• the National Industrial Policy

Water Resources Authority• Since April 1996, the Water Resources

Authority (WRA) has had responsibility for the regulation, control and management of the nation’s water resources.

• It is the sole water management agency in Jamaica.

• Has responsibility for the allocation of water resources and oversees the withdrawal of ground water from over 640 wells across the island.

Other Agencies

• National Water Commission is responsible for the urban water supply throughout the island. It is also the largest provider of sewerage services.

• National Irrigation Corporation is currently responsible for the operation of irrigation systems.

• National Environment & Planning Agency is the environmental management agency and is responsible for monitoring water quality under its Watershed Branch.

• The ministry responsible for water establishes the water policy along with the other water agencies.

Simplified Water Resources Cycle

Source: Caribbean Natural Resources Institute

• Competition for water sources• Protection of surface water from pollution sources• Groundwater contamination• Unreliable and insufficient water supplies during the

dry season• Poor water quality at source• High treatment costs• Lack of convenient access to potable water by rural

households• Reliance on untreated water from streams and rivers

by significant proportion of poor• Resistance to increasing the price paid for water

Water Issues

Environment Statistics

2005and WaterSome information in this

publication:

Watersheds Water balance Sources of water Freshwater consumption Water pollution Conservation measures Water standards

Also includes other statistics relating to the environment.

1990 2005

Rainfall 21,212 21,080

Evapotranspiration 11,945 10,051

Surface water runoff 5,576 6,530

Groundwater discharge 3,691 4,499

Exploitable Water Resources

Reliable surface water yield 666 1,490

Safe groundwater yield 3419 3,725

Total 4085 5,215

Water Demand

Non-agricultural sector 231 363

Agricultural sector 682 439

Environmental flows – 510

Total 913 1,312

Water BalanceAverage Annual Water Balance, 1990 and 2005, million m3/year

Source: Water Resources Authority

Annual Water Production and Revenue by the NIC(2003/04–2005/06)

2003/04 2004/05 2005/06 2004/05 2005/06

Eastern Region

Pumped 8,265,401 12,407,624 9,133,870 7,512,084 5,675,376

Canal flow 59,396,261 71,429,771 69,975,322 46,671,248 43,709,850

Total East Region 67,661,662 83,837,395 79,109,192 54,183,332 49,385,226

Middle Region

Pumped 22,320,702 20,273,224 12,536,720 15,103,946

River … 11,902,917 15,932,860

Total Mid Region 22,320,702 32,176,141 28,469,580 23,515,514 15,103,946

Western Region Pumped 2,975,997 3,459,491 3,248,503 2,940,458 2,586,234

Overall

Pumped 33,562,101 36,140,340 24,919,093 23,365,556

River/Gravity Flow 59,396,261 83,332,688 85,908,182 43,709,850

Grand Total 92,958,362 119,473,028 110,827,275 80,639,304 67,075,406

Revenue J$m 128.3 110.6

Source: National Irrigation Commission

Irrigation LocationWater Produced(m3) Water Invoiced(m3)

Environment38.9%

Irrigation32.9%

Domestic21.0%

Industrial7.0%

Hotels0.3%

Annual Water Demand by Sector, 2004

Source: Water Resources Authority

2004 2005 2006

Water Produced (megalitres) 280,308.0 296,454.1 294,384.0

Consumption (megalitres) 94,729.0 94,415.7 95,318.0

No. of Connections 400,102 410,286 418,347

Revenue ($M) 7,293.2 8,436.2 9,297.4

Non-revenue water 185,579 202,038 199,066

% 66.2 68.2 67.6

Source: National Water Commission

Data on Domestic Water 2004–2006

• The NWC collects wastewater and sewage from over 600,000 customers across the island.

• Wastewater is treated and used for irrigation and to cool electricity generating plants.

• This data is not currently being collected.

Wastewater

SectorDirect

contribution to GDP

Annual Water Use

Unit J$ billion106

m3/yearManufacturing 125 16 Irrigated Agriculture 31 439 Tourism 106 4 Mining and Processing 60 60 Other Services 120 10 Residential – 274 Environment – 510 Total 442 1,313 Source: Water Resources Authority

Water Use by SectorEstimated Economic Contribution and

Water Use by Sector, 2005

Environment Protection Expenditure

Objective of the EPE Survey• The aim of the EPE survey is to

determine the annual cost of protecting the environment which is incurred by enterprises in selected sectors. In this survey, the environmental protection activities were classified into four domains as follows:

• Protection of surrounding air• Wastewater management• Solid waste management• Protection of soil, ground water or surface

water

Expenditure on EPE, 2004Percentage of Total Current Expenditure Spent

ChemicalsFood and Beverage

Hotels All Sectors

Protection of surrounding air 0.05 – – 0.02

Wastewater management 0.18 0.14 1.54 0.62

Solid waste management 0.24 0.26 0.37 0.29

Protection of soil, ground water & surface water – 0.01 – –

ChemicalsFood and Beverage

Hotels All Sectors

Protection of surrounding air 0.34 1.56 – 0.63

Wastewater management – 0.70 1.62 0.77

Solid waste management – 0.10 0.46 0.19

Protection of soil, ground water & surface water 0.34 – – 0.11

Sector

Percentage of Total Capital Expenditure Spent

Sector

Environmental Domain

Environmental Domain

National Accounts

• National accounts are prepared in the central statistics office – the Statistical Institute of Jamaica.

• The national accounts calculations are derived from volume of water produced & consumed and sales and revenue from the NWC. Data from private water suppliers are not now being included.

• Sales of water for agriculture are included under agricultural services.

• Jamaica is in the process of implementing the 1993 SNA and is preparing a supply/use table based on 2000 data.

• There are no plans to implement environmental accounting.

2004 2005 2006p

Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing 27,706.5 31,814.0 35,520.6

Mining and Quarrying 22,716.9 23,837.6 24,660.3

Manufacturing 68,489.7 76,158.7 84,030.4

Electricity and Water 18,584.4 24,084.2 28,096.3

Electricity Light & Power 14,320.6 18,873.5 n.a.

Water & Sanitation Services 4,263.8 5,210.7 n.a.

Construction and Installation 53,289.2 61,078.4 65,984.8

Distributive Trade 105,139.4 120,279.4 133,822.9

Transport, Storage and Communication 62,054.4 67,917.0 78,196.0

Financing and Insurance Services 34,671.0 38,217.5 42,498.9

Real Estate and Business Services 31,293.5 35,862.9 40,719.8

Producers of Government Services 61,611.9 64,968.0 74,732.5

Miscellaneous Services 35,732.4 39,129.9 45,167.5

Household and Private Non-profit Institutions 2,554.9 3,031.0 3,380.6

Less imputed bank service charges 24,431.0 26,848.0 30,772.2

Total GDP at Current Prices 499,413.2 559,530.6 626,038.4

Plus Value Added Tax 41,395.4 45,499.8 n.a.

Total GDP at Purchasers' Price 540,808.6 605,030.4 n.a.

Current PricesIndustry by Sub-sectors

Gross Domestic Product by Industry in Producers' Values2004–2006

Thank you.