Nestle Waters UK

Station Road, Buxton. Environmental Due DiligenceThe Healthy Hydrel on Co,npeny’

1. Introduction

Nestle Waters UK Ltd have owned and operated the Station Road site since its acquisition fromPerrier-Vittel5in 1992. With the’development.ofa ne~vbottled:water manufacturing facilityratWaterswallowê;tBu*tón, the ~siteds tbibe~dedorihissidned and divested. This study aiins to identifypotential:ccintanii&ahts and othèr~sOchei*ironmentaI liabilities:.thát may be.associatédwiththe siteeither asá’resultof.curreAt.or:hiatoiic’op’érations~on the éite, and surrounding landareás.

This report is written for the direction of Nestle’,Wáters UK~Ltd’decommi~sioning1 team and is notintended to be relied upon by external parties. Any potential purchasers of the site shouldundertake their own due diligence assessmènU ~. ‘t. 2 ‘. ~

2. Site5etting ....

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• a~ ~te~be&ci’ifrioñ ~ .~ j 4~ 3 . r WUt rn ~ ~1’ .~v1

The site is located in the centre of the market town of Buxton’dOrSysñire and occupies an area ofapproximately ??ha.. It has afrianguiar shape anøs.bq9nd%~y, railway lines to the northwest andeast by railway lines, and to the south by an Aldi retail store and4thä A53 road which passesthrough the town.

•, :c~t~- ~ttwoi ,c. •. j:ai~ c ..1

Access to4hesite.’is.via a sideioad offthe’A53which is2sharedty~the adjacent railway station.There isa’rnaniiedsecurity gat&at th&bntranc&tothe site, withià]staff:car park opposite then aloading yard immediately beyond the security entrance. The manufacturing facilities are locatedtowaFd!the.rê~r~Of.thé.site.ädjadént~to.theriilwayJinbé’ ~ ~ C’ ii

j ~•‘~l •~OVj -- . l.a ~i~: ~ r• .. /

The topography of the site is more oi~Iess level throughout at an elevation of approximately 300 mAOD. Land t6the’nbrth arid’northwesCof the site i~at elev~tèd in r~lation to the sitejand to thesouth, toward1he town,topographic levels fall away stee~ytowards.the River Wye approximately.250 m.tolhesouth. •, •• .

b. Historical Records - -

It is understood that thesite wa~ acqüired~~Perriër~Vittél1ni987~and developed as a bottledwater manufacturing facility. at about,that.time. Site.operations.were discontinued in.! December2012 and’W&Uld Fiá~6 ihclJd~C 2 C ! I ~bo ‘,

I’ f .• .. I. • • .‘ . I j :‘- •~

• Trand$ort~tioic of natural miiiêral waters, st5rin~ Watdrs~nd V~wmaterials (plastic,çaçqbo.ard, labels) for manufacturing; ~. ~

• Use of cleaning chemicals for CIP (Cleaning in Place) activities. Primarily caustic acid,peracetic acid, detergents, nitric acid;

• Use of food grade lubricants and greases;• Packaging and transportation of finished product onto distribution lorries for off-site

disffibUtibn. •- . . • . - • •,~

(IC S:

Two raiiways~arrivedin Buxton a~mostsimyltancoysly~~ 3863. ~rheStockport, Disley and WhaleyBridge Railwa~, heavily promoted by the London, Ndrth and ~yestern(LNWR), built its line fromManchester to Whaley Bridge and extended it to Buicton. Meanwhile the Midland RaHway extendedthe~Manchester1 Buxton,~Matlock and Midlands Junction Railwayfrom Rowsley.

When the Midland extended its main line to New Mills in 1867, to bypass the LNWR) Buxtonbecame a branch line from MillersDale. The stations were side by side1 with identical frontages

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Nestle Waters UK‘. Station Road, Buxton. Environmental Due Diligence

The Kesithy Hydrelion Compeny’~

designed by J. Smith with guidance from Joseph Paxton, each having a wrought iron glazed trainshed.

The Midland station closed in 1967, along with the line to Rowsley, and the site is nowa roadway.However, the line through Dove Holes Tunnel from Chinley is still usedfor freight, such aslimestone from Tunstead, along with the old Midland branch into Buxton, The LNWR station.nowhandles local trains into Manchester, using its line through DoveiHoles and.Chapel-en-le-Frith.

A review of historical maps for the period 1879 to the presentis presentedin Table2:1..1

Table 2.1 Summary of historical observations, ‘ w.

Date Scale Significant observations •

1879 1:2,500 The site area is shown bounded on all three sides by the London, North andWest Railway (L&NWR) to the northeast and~eastandtheMidland railway tothe south. The Midland railway line occupies the approximate line of thepresent A53... . - .

tF~Jrb twa ~bods sheds sh~wn’cloàe to the west of the site and other i.in-’. .. - .., ‘ . ‘ Anidentified sheds with-the area of the site.

There is a coal shed shown south of the Midland railway line to the south.Further south again there are two large “Tanks”. It is assumed that thesewould have been water tanks for filling of the, then, steam locomotives.

The map indicates that the site may have been partly quarried prior to thedevelopment of the site and there is also a reference to Slaughter houses atthe southeastern perimeter of the site, however it is not clear whether thesewere on site or to the east of the railway line bounding the site.

1898 1:2,500 The only significant changes are the addition of a new (L&NWR) railway linethrough the centre of the site which curves through the site towards thesouth and an additional siding on the railway line at the east of the site.

1922 1:2,500 A garage has been added approximately 250 m to the southeast of the sitebetween the railway’lines tothesoutheast and east.

:~ .rc. cli

1967 1:2,500 A goods siding to the south of the Midland railway has been removed andreplaced with a Bus depot. Beyond the Bus depot, approximately 300 m tothe south of the site, there is anew car park and engineering works.

A Livery yard approximately 250 m tó’thé~riorthwesi-of thd éite has beenredevelopèda~ a GPO-depot. . .

1973 1:2,500 Map incomplete.

The Midland railway line to the south of the site appears to be disused.1975 1:2,500 Map incomplete

The Midland railway line is shown as being disused and the rails appear tohave been removed.

The area previously shown as engineering works to the south of the site hasbeen relabelled as a Brake Lining works.

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tIe Nestle Waters UK

Station Road, Buxton. Environmental Due DiligenceThe Healthy Hydrelion Company’-

1979 - 1990 1:1,250 Land previously operated by the Midland railway to the south of the site hasbeen redeveloped and is shown as the Peak Rail Steam Centre,incorporating the existing Engine Shed.

Land to the south of the Bus depot, including the former Brake Lining workshas been redeveloped as the A53 (Station Road) through the town.

1993 1:1250 The Station Road factory is shown for the first time, occupying most of thearea previously occupied by the former Peak Rail Steam Centre.

The building now occupied by Aldi to the immediate south of the site is stillshown as the bus depot.

3. Risk Assessmenta. Geology

The site is underlain predominantly by shales and grits of the Upper CarboniferousMillstone GritSeries. At this location, they are steeply inclined toward the north and rest unconfomably on theunderlying Eyam Limestones which are also unconformable on•theMonsállDale Limestone andUpper Carboniferous Limestones that characterise the areas further south of the site.

There is a northwest-southeast trending fault approximately 300 m to the east of the site, beyondthe railway line to the east of the site, which in turn i&iritérsécted by a sm&ler east~west trendingfault approximately 250 m south of the site. . .

The river valley south of the site is filled with superficial alluvium deposits. . I

Soils are mostly absent atthe site and~may comprise extensive areas of made groUnd of variousthicknesses. A number of exploratory boreholes we drillecFbetween November and Decrnber 1990.and proved made ground to thicknes~ès~of up to 3m then claS’~”mudstbnes arid shales to depthsof up to 30 m. IS’ ~

The anticipated chemical composition of the ground in this area is shown in Table 3.1.

Table 3.1 Soil chemistry

Determinand Concentration Soil Guideline Values..- . . (mgikg) . . (mg kW1 DW)

~ . ~. Residential Allotment Commercial

Lead. 150-300Nickel - . 15-30 130 ‘ 230 1,800Chromium 90-120 ‘

AisOñic . 15-25 32 ‘43’ 640Cadmium <1.8 ‘ 10 1:8 230

Whilst Soil Guideline Values (SGV’s) should not be used~to assess risk&to short ternföxposure of’cons6~uctiàn workers, the anticipatedsoil concentration values sug~est that côntamithnts presentare expected to be below the SGV levels for each of the long term exposure scenario~.

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Nestle Waters UKStation Road, Buxton. Environmental Due Diligence

‘The Health Hydration Company

b. Hydrogeology

The Millstone Grit is classified as a minor aquifer and is designated as being of intermediate risk interms of groundwater vulnerability.

The regional topogr’apiiy would indicate that the gen&~ldirectio&ofgroundwater flow would betoward the south and southeast, in the general direction of the River Wye. Due to the steeplynorthward dipping nature of the underlying strata this flow is represented by the emergence ofnumerous springs at inteisectiöns between mâré ahd less ~érmeable strata.

The site is approximately 250 m north of a Zone ~ Source Protection Zone (SPZ). Zone 1 SPZimplies a travel time of less than 50 days, or a radial distance of 50 m whichever is the greatest,from the source point of interest, however, there is considerable debate as to therepresentativeness of SPZ in Karst environments.

In this case the SPZ applies to the Buxton Mineral Water source and Gunn suggests the~SPZ wouldbe considered to include a muchwider area of the Carboniferous limestones to the south of the siterather thanthe, MilistoneGrit series to the north. . . ..

c. Groundwater abstractions ..

There are numerous abstraction licences within 1 km of the site as shown in Table 3.2.

Table 3.2 Licensed abstractions :iLicence GridReference Operator Location -,,..~ ,,LicenceJype~_ Application03/28/39/0113 405850 373560 High Peak Buxton Crescent Surface water Hotel supphes

. - Borough Council Point A03/28/39/0113 405850 373560 High’Peàk “BU*tOn Cte~ëènt SUrface’Water Hotel ~tifrplies

Borough Council Point B03/28/39/0113 405850 373560 ‘High Peak’ .BUxton Crescent LsurfacWwater ‘. St Ann’s Hotel

: ‘- . . ~Borough’Council Point Cf “(. ii

03/?813910066 ,405750 373510 High Peak.- ‘Buxton Crescent,. . Groundwater . Water botthngBorough Council

03/28/39/01 14 405760 373280 Buxton Hydro Eagle Street Groundwater Water bottlingSpring Ltd

The Lightwood source is approximately 1,200 m to the northeast of the site.

d. Hydrologyt . I

The main watercourse of interest is the River Wye which’is culverted approximately 250 m south ofthe sit~,beneat~h the pr sent ~ligh Street. It emerges further to the east and runs naturally throughAshwdod’D’ale along the side of the A6. -

As part of a-recent series of tracer tests, Nestle UK commissioned flow gauging studies along thelength of the River Wye. The data suggests that flows within the river may be affected byabstractions between Cunning Dale and Great Rocks Daleand could be explained by the Combinedabstractions of Omya and Tarmac along Ashwood Dale.

Land immediately adjacent to the River Wye is designated as Zone 2 flood risk (Extreme risk offlooding from rivers or sea without defences), however, given the elevation of the site above theriver it is considered that there would be a low risk of flooding at this location.

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Nestle Waters UK

Station Road, Buxton. Environmental Due DiligenceThe Healthy Hydration Company’.

e. Water quality

Water quality is measured along the length of the River Wye in a series of defined “lengthst’ asshown in Table 3.3. The data shows that the river lengths upstream of Ashwood Dale are of ahigher quality than those downstream. The decline in biological and chemical water quality isattributed primarily to discharges from the sewage treatment works within Ashwood Dale.

During the period 1996 to present there have been numerous pollution incidents within the RiverWye. The majority relate to oils derived from road drainage and chemical spills from varioussources. The latest recorded event was in May 1988 as a result of jetting of road drains.

Table 3.3 Environment Agency Water Quality Assessments

Reach Bridge at Ashwood Park to Buxton Buxton STW to Ashwood Ashwood Quarry toSTW Quarry Klngsterndale

Grid Ref SK 07971 7252 5K 08107250 SK 0850 7250

Length (km) 3.7 0.5 1.1Biology Chemists’,’ Biology Chemistry Biology Chemists’,’

1990 D B D

1991

1992

1993 A C

1994 A B

1995 B 0 C 0

1996 B C

1997 A C

1998 A C

1999 A B

2000 C A D B E

2001 A B

2002 C A D c E

2003 B A D c D

2004 B A D c D

2005 B A D B D

2006 B A 0 B C

2007 B A D A C

2008 B A C A C

2009 B A C A B

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N~tIèWaters

The ilnlliiy Hydrelion Compeny—

Nestle Waters UK

Station Road, Buxton. Environmental Due Diligence

Ke-rA Very GoodB GoodC Fairly GoodD FairE PoorF Very Poor

4. Database & Regulatory Information

a. Environmental Permits

Environmental permits replaced the former Discharge Consents in 2010. Table 4.1 lists thosepermits within 500 m of the site.

Table 5.1 Environmental Permits

Name

Buxton Mineral Water Ltd

Direction Distance Activity

0m

Water bottling

Discharge Point

Not stated

Paul Jason Fesm & KayeFogarty

NW 170 Septic tank Hogshaw Brook

Severn Trent Water Ltd NE 584 Sewage TreatmentWorks Storm overflow

River Wye

b. Waste Management

There are three listed waste management licenses, that appear to relate to the same facility,namely Hogshaw Tip approximately 600 m to the east of the site. The status is shown as closedand deposited wastes are listed as industrial and commercial wastes. No further information isavailable.

Given the location of this facility, immediately adjacent to the railway line, it is possible that this mayhave been used for the diposal of railway waste materials, however this cannot be verified at thistime.

c. Hazardous Substances

There are no hazardous waste management licenses within 1 km of the site.

It is understood that there may be asbestos present on site and an asbestos register is held by theEngineering team. A full asbestos survey is recommended prior to any intrusive demolition worksto identify where these substances may be present.

d. Geological

The site is considered to be of low to no risk in respect of ground stability hazards.

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Nestle Waters UKt... Station Road, Buxton. Environmental Due Diligence

The Healthy Hydraion Company’.

The site is located in a radon affected area as between 5 and 10% of homes are above thedesignated action level. This may require the use of basic radon protection measures in theconstruction of new dwellings or extensions.

e. Industrial Land Use

There are a number of commercial and industrial operators within 250 m of the site. These arelisted in Table 4.2.

Table 4.2 Contemporary Trade Entries

Name Direction Distance Activitym

Pearson Electrical NE 151 Electrical en ineersBuxton Press Ltd NW 168 PrintersBuxton Buildin Su lies SE 169 Joine manufacturersB&J Builders NW 178 Joine manufacturersAutofarm Gara e Services SE 215 Gara e servicesNDA Auto Services Ltd SE 215 Gara e servicesClassic Cleaners SE 224 D CleaninLi htwood Gara e Ltd SE 249 Gara e services

f. d~i~sitive Land Use

An aE~da~5prdxini’aiel~’ 2 km to the southwest is designated a a Site of Special Scientific Interest(5551). This is the area around Grinlow and Buxton Country Park and includes Poole’s Cavern.

.44. j~ -

Areas to the north west of the site are designated as an Environmentally Sensitive Area (ESA) thecloseát point Wá~froximately 350 m of the site.

g. Summary of Potential Contaminant Sources

5. Sensitive Receptors

The principal receptors close to the site include:

• Carboniferous Limestone aquifer;• River Wye.

6. Site Walkover & Observations. . .~ .1~

A site walkover~survey was conducted on iW” March 2013. At ~he tirneof this visit,the weather wasclear and.dryaAd the.site was not in operation.. A summary of the main~observations includes:

‘1, . ~“‘~‘ ~i’ ‘ -. .t.t .

• Significant areas of lifter and abandonedequipmentwas evident.throughoutthe site,.,particularly in the~area closeto the~entrancewhere there area number-of skips;~

• There was evidence of moderate surface staining of the former goods loading area,indicative of oil losses from vehicles;

• There were several:lntermediate Bulk Chemical (IBC) containers with various chemicals atlocations around the site. These included the former warehouse building and close to theraw water tanks;

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Nestle Waters UK

Station Road, Buxton. Environmental Due DiligenceThe Healthy Hydni,on Company’-

• There was visual evidence of significant oil losses to ground at the rear of the mainproduction building where the boilers are located. It would be expected that these areaswould show evidence of significant contamination and would warrant further investigationand potentially decontamination;

• There were many smaller containers of various chemicals and paints. Operators were in theprocess of collating these for removal from site;

• There are two electrical substations on the site which show an installation date of 1994.

7. Discussion- ~ ‘-:

The principal risks on site are related to potential contamination associated with the sites historicuse as railway land. According to the Department ofEnvironment Industry Profiles, the potential forcontamination is greatest at raUway depots which are known to have been present on site since1863. It is not known what degree of decontamination Works were undertaken when the site wasredeveloped for its present usein 1992, hb*d~erthere~ë’màins the joténtial for residualcontamination to be presehQôrlo? sUbse~jiieiit contaminatibn from surrounding landareastomigrate onto the site as a result of grouiid~àtér migratiOn.-.

It is likely that the railway ballast in this area would have been from local limestone sources ratherthan waste materials such as ash or clinker which was used extensively elsewhere in the UK

- er.~ .‘

Historically, wooden sleepers were used extensively and would have been treated withpreservatives, predominantly creosote, which can lead to the leaching of PoIyt~’liô’AiOmaticHydrocarbons (PAH~s) into groundwater. More recently, sleepers would have,been replaced withconcrete so the~ .,f~. ,.(..?“-.1 ‘≠F . -

Herbicides a used to. prevent the growth of weeds along the tracks and lineside. Historicallychemicals such as atrazCne and simazine wer5 used Chemicals now in use inóludediuron andglyphosate. t

) _F ~ -.

Soil contamination from fuel oils, Iubricatingoilsandsolvents is alio possible’ in areaé wherelocomotives may have been serviced, such as the good sheds identified,previously. !tis notknownwhether there were previously fuel tanks or refilling facilities on this sitefórtheádjacentrailwàyareas. -

I ~ ,—

More recent contamination was visible in the goods loadings areas of the site where roadyehicles,especially Heavy Goods Vehicles, where used and evidence’ of significàr~t oil contarniñatiOn’at therear of the production building close to the boilers. . -

The potential for asbestos contamination on site was highlighted di sectibn 4à.

Organicicontaminants such as diesel fuel hydrocarbbns and solvents ard highly mobile ingroundwater and have thépoteñtial to migrate cohsiderábIedistances.~ l-$ydrócarbons will aretypically less dense than water so will tend to accumulate on top of the water table but may becomesmeared through the soil colUmn as the groundwater I&selfluctbatès. Chlorinated ~öIvêiit~however are more denseahd *illrmigráte through th&aquif&’and accumuláteàlose to thebase ofthe aquifer. ., ~ . . .

PARs if present are relatively immobile, but can be persistent in soils due to their ability to bindstrongly onto clay particles.

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Nestle Waters UK

Station Road, Buxton. Environmental Due DiligenceThe Healthy Hydr&ion Compa~y’~

Pesticide mobility is dependant upon water solubility and soil condition. The decay rate for atrazineand simazine depend on soil conditions, but the worse case half-life of about 165 days indicatesthat any existing residual contamination have disappeared within 5-10 years.

The use of Poly Chlorinated Biphenols (PCB’s) in electrical equipment ceased in 1980 so there it isunlikely that these would be present associated with the installed electrical substations.

8. Conclusion & Recommendations

a. Conclusions

A environmental due diligence study has been conducted for the Nestle Waters (UK) Ltd site at -.

Station Road, Buxton. The purpose of theitUdy•iè to inform Nestle and its dêmolitioñ contráctor&ofthe potential for soil or groundwater contamination ~at the site ~s a result of Nestles previousactivities or as a result of hi~toric coñtaminetionsothatapfropriat&health and’safétV me~a~ures Sahbe put in place.

• 1: • .

The majority of the sites history has been associated with the devetopment of ra~ways since theearly 1800’s (1863 onwards) and as sUchthemai&risks for on-sitê’ôontaminátion arib&fromthoseactivities.

The site was redeveloped in 1992 for it~ frèsent use, and it is not knowriwhat degreeof -

investigation or decontamination was undertaken at that time.

There remains the potential for more recent contamination to have occurred as a result of vehiclestorage and movements around the site.

The principal contaminants that could be present on site include the following:

• Heavy metals• Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH’s)• Hydrocarbons• Solvents (chlorinated and non-chlorinated)• Herbicides (atrazine,simazine)• Asbestos

b. Recommendations

It is recommended that appropriate measures be taken to protect workers from exposure tocontamination when undertaking groundworks on this site.

These measures should minimise the potential exposure from inhalation (dust and vapours),ingestion and dermal contact with contaminated soils.

There are no soil samples available to delineate potential areas of contamination, so the areasimmediately adjacent to the existing railway lines, car parks and former lorry loading areas shouldbe considered the highest risk. It may be prudent to consider a window sample survey in theseareas to assess these risks further. Other areas of the site are considered to be of lower risk butshould also be included in the survey.

The asbestos register should be consulted prior to any works being undertaken and a detailedasbestos survey should be considered prior to demolition works being commenced.

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Nestle Waters UK

Station Road, Buxton. Environmental Due DiligenceThe Healthy Hydration Company

It is recommended that any potential developer should carry out an intrusive investigation and level2 risk assessment using the Environment Agency CLEA model to confirm the suitability of the sitefor their proposed development.

9. Reference Documents

Radford, B., (1988) Midland Though The Peak Unicorn Books

Landmark Envirocheck Survey: 44610581_i_i. March 2013.N

T~ physical properties of minor aquifersin. gland~andWales. JonesHk, MorrisBL,Cheney C5, Brewe~tor~ L&MerrinP D.~Sewis MA, MacDonaldAM, Coleby L M,Talbot J C, McKenzie;A A,Bird MJ,CunninghamJ, Robinson.V K. BritishGeological Suiyey, 2000. ~. . ,.

Department of the Environment (DOE) Industry profiles: Railway land. HMSO, 1995.

. .~: n~.— ~“ ~ ..‘L!: ‘.~

Department of-the Environment (qOE) lndustry,profiles:, f~ailway engineering works. HMSQ, 1995..

Department of the Environment (DOE) Industry profiles: Engineering works: electrical andelectronic equipment manufacturing wor.ks (including wor~s manufacturing equipr9ent containingPCB’s). HMSO, 1995. - ~ . . ....,. S. -

BGS Borehole logs . -.

• SKO7SE125• SKO7SE128

Soil guideline values for nickel in soil. Science report SC050021!Nickel SGV. EnvironmentAgency.

Soil guideline values for arsenic in soil. Science report SC050021/arsenic SGV. EnvironmentAgency.

Soil guideline values for cadmium in soil. Science report SC050021/Nickel SGV. EnvironmentAgency.

10. Document Change Log

~erS~n g~teof Changes Made Author

1.0 On inal Mark Mulcah

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Nestle Waters UK

Station Road, Buxton. Environmental Due DiligenceThe Healthy Hydr.I’on Company’.

Appendices

Appendix A: Landmark Envirocheck Survey

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C