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OECD Economic Outlook, Volume 2016 Issue 2
© OECD 2016
STATISTICAL ANNEX
This annex contains data on key economic series which provide a background to the
recent economic developments in the OECD area described in the main body of this report.
Data for 2016 to 2018 are OECD estimates and projections. Data in some of the tables have
been adjusted to conform to internationally agreed concepts and definitions in order to
make them more comparable across countries, as well as consistent with historical data
shown in other OECD publications. Regional aggregates are based on time-varying weights.
For details on aggregation, see OECD Economic Outlook Sources and Methods.
The OECD projection methods and underlying statistical concepts and sources are
described in detail in OECD Economic Outlook Sources and Methods (www.oecd.org/eco/
sources-and-methods.htm).
Corrigenda for the current and earlier issues, as applicable, can be found at
www.oecd.org/about/publishing/corrigenda.htm.
The statistical data for Israel are supplied by and under the responsibility of the
relevant Israeli authorities. The use of such data by the OECD is without prejudice to the
status of the Golan Heights, East Jerusalem and Israeli settlements in the West Bank under
the terms of international law.
NOTE ON QUARTERLY PROJECTIONS
OECD quarterly projections are on a seasonal and working-day-adjustedbasis for selected key variables. This implies that differences betweenadjusted and unadjusted annual data may occur, though these in general arequite small. In some countries, official forecasts of annual figures do notinclude working-day adjustments. Even when official forecasts do adjust forworking days, the size of the adjustment may in some cases differ from thatused by the OECD.
259
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STATISTICAL ANNEX
Additional information
2015 weights used for real GDP regional aggregates
OECD euro area1 OECD World
OECD euro area1 OECD World
Australia 2.1 1.0 Spain 11.8 3.1 1.4 Austria 3.1 0.8 0.4 Sweden 0.9 0.4 Belgium 3.7 1.0 0.4 Switzerland 1.0 0.5 Canada 3.1 1.4 Turkey 3.0 1.4 Chile 0.8 0.4 United Kingdom 5.3 2.4 Czech Republic 0.7 0.3 United States 35.2 16.3 Denmark 0.5 0.2 Euro area 100.0 26.4 12.2 Estonia 0.3 0.1 0.0 Total OECD 100.0 46.2 Finland 1.7 0.4 0.2 France 19.6 5.2 2.4 Non-OECD WorldGermany 28.6 7.5 3.5 Greece 2.1 0.6 0.3 Argentina 1.5 0.8 Hungary 0.5 0.2 Brazil 5.4 2.9 Iceland 0.0 0.0 China 32.2 17.4 Ireland 2.2 0.6 0.3 Colombia 1.1 0.6 Israel 0.6 0.3 Costa Rica 0.1 0.1 Italy 16.2 4.3 2.0 India 12.5 6.7 Japan 9.3 4.3 Indonesia 4.6 2.5 Korea 3.4 1.6 Lithuania 0.1 0.1 Latvia 0.4 0.1 0.0 Russia 6.0 3.2 Luxembourg 0.4 0.1 0.1 Saudi Arabia 2.9 1.6 Mexico 4.3 2.0 South Africa 1.2 0.7 Netherlands 6.1 1.6 0.7 Dynamic Asian Economies 8.7 4.7 New Zealand 0.3 0.2 Other major oil producers 11.2 6.0 Norway 0.6 0.3 Rest of non-OECD 12.3 6.6 Poland 1.9 0.9 Portugal 2.2 0.6 0.3 Total non-OECD 53.8 Slovak Republic 1.2 0.3 0.1 Slovenia 0.5 0.1 0.1 World 100.0
Note:
1. Countries that are members of both the euro area and the OECD.Source: OECD Economic Outlook 100 database.
Irrevocable euro conversion ratesNational currency unit per euro
Austria 13.7603 Latvia 0.7028Belgium 40.3399 Luxembourg 40.33990Estonia 15.6466 Netherlands 2.204Finland 5.94573 Portugal 200.482France 6.55957 Spain 166.386Germany 1.95583 Slovak Republic 30.13Greece 340.75 Slovenia 239.64Ireland 0.78756Italy 1936.27 Lithuania 3.4528
Source : European Central Bank.
Non-OECD trade regions
Weights are calculated using nominal GDP at PPP rates in 2015. Regional aggregates are calculated using moving nominal GDP weights evaluated at PPP rates.
Dynamic Asian Economies:
Chinese Taipei; Hong Kong, China; Malaysia; Philippines; Singapore; Thailand and Vietnam.
Other oil producers: Azerbaijan; Kazakhstan; Turkmenistan; Brunei; Timor-Leste; Bahrain; Iran; Iraq; Kuwait; Libya; Oman; Qatar; Saudi Arabia; United Arab Emirates; Yemen; Ecuador; Trinidad and Tobago; Venezuela; Algeria; Angola; Chad; Republic of Congo; Equatorial Guinea; Gabon; Nigeria; and Sudan.
OECD ECONOMIC OUTLOOK, VOLUME 2016 ISSUE 2 © OECD 2016 – PRELIMINARY VERSION 261
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STATISTICAL ANNEX
National accounts reporting systems, base years and latest data updates
The status of national accounts is as follows :
Expenditure Household Benchmark/ accounts accounts base year
SNA08 (1993-2015) .. 2004SNA08 (1959q3-2016q2) SNA08 (1959q3-2016q2) 2013/2014ESA10 (1996q1-2016q3) ESA10 (1995-2015) 2010ESA10 (1995q1-2016q2) ESA10 (1999-2015) 2013SNA08 (1996-2015) .. 2000SNA08 (1981q1-2016q2) SNA08 (1981q1-2016q2) 2007SNA93 (1996q1-2016q2) .. 2008SNA93 (1992-2015) .. 2005SNA93 (2000-2015) .. 2005SNA93 (1991-2015) .. 2012ESA10 (1996q1-2016q2) ESA10 (1999-2015) 2010ESA10 (1995q1-2016q2) ESA10 (1995-2015) 2010ESA10 (1995q1-2016q2) ESA10 (1995-2014) 2010ESA10 (1990q1-2016q2) ESA10 (1999q1-2015q4) 2010ESA10 (1949q1-2016q3) ESA10 (1980q1-2016q2) 2010ESA10 (1991q1-2016q2) ESA10 (1991-2015) 2010ESA10 (1995q1-2016q2) .. 2010ESA10 (1991-2015) ESA10 (1995-2014) 2005SNA08 (1997q1-2016q2) .. 2005SNA08 (2000-2014) .. 2010SNA93 (2011-2014) .. 2012ESA10 (1997q1-2016q2) ESA10 (1999-2015) 2014SNA08 (1995q1-2016q3) .. 2010ESA10 (1995q1-2016q2) ESA10 (1995-2015) 2010SNA93 (1994q1-2016q3) SNA93 (1980-2014) 2005SNA08 (1970q1-2016q3) SNA08 (1975-2015) 2010SNA08 (1995-2015) .. 2010ESA10 (1995-2015) ESA10 (2004-2014) 2010ESA10 (1995q1-2016q2) ESA95 (2007-2012) 2010SNA08 (1993q1-2016q2) .. 2008ESA10 (1995q1-2016q3) ESA10 (1995-2015) 2010SNA93 (1987q4-2016q2) SNA93 (1986-2014) 2009/2010SNA08 (1978q1-2016q3) ESA10 (1995-2015) 2014ESA10 (2002q1-2016q2) ESA10 (2000-2015) 2010ESA10 (1995q1-2016q2) ESA10 (1995-2015) 2011SNA93/SNA08 (2003-2015) .. 2011ESA10 (1997q1-2016q2) ESA10 (1995-2015) 2010ESA10 (1995q1-2016q2) ESA10 (1995-2015) 2010SNA08 (2010-2015) .. 2010ESA10 (1995q1-2016q2) ESA10 (2000-2015) 2010ESA10 (1995q1-2016q2) ESA10 (1993q1-2016q2) 2015ESA10 (1980q1-2016q2) ESA10 (1995-2015) 2010SNA93 (1998q1-2016q2) .. 1998ESA10 (1955q1-2016q2) ESA10 (1987q1-2016q2) 2013NIPA (SNA08) (1947q1-2016q3) NIPA (SNA08) (1947q1-2016q3) 2009
Note:
BPM: Balance of Payments and International Investment Position Manual, edition 5 or 6.
South Africa
SNA: System of National Accounts. ESA: European Standardised Accounts. NIPA: National Income and Product Accounts. The numbers in brackets indicate the starting year for the time series and the latest available historical data included in this Outlook database.
ColombiaCosta Rica
IndonesiaIndia
LatviaLithuania
SpainSwedenSwitzerlandTurkeyUnited KingdomUnited States
Portugal
Slovak RepublicSlovenia
EstoniaFinlandFranceGermany
Russia
Greece
Czech RepublicDenmark
China
PolandNorway
HungaryIceland
IrelandIsraelItalyJapanKorea
LuxembourgMexicoNetherlandsNew Zealand
Argentina
AustriaBelgium
CanadaChile
Brazil
Australia
OECD ECONOMIC OUTLOOK, VOLUME 2016 ISSUE 2 © OECD 2016 – PRELIMINARY VERSION262
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STATISTICAL ANNEX
National accounts reporting systems, base years and latest data updates (con't)
The status of national accounts is as follows :
Government accounts Balance
Financial Non financial of payments
.. .. BPM6 (1994-2015) Argentina
SNA08 (1988-2015) SNA08 (1959q3-2016q2) BPM6 (1959q3-2016q2) Australia
ESA10 (1995-2015) ESA10 (1995-2015) BPM6 (2006q1-2016q2) Austria
ESA10 (1998-2015) ESA10 (1995-2015) BPM6 (2008q1-2016q2) Belgium
.. .. BPM6 (2014q1-2016q2) Brazil
SNA08 (1990q1-2016q2) SNA08 (1981q1-2016q2) BPM6 (1981q1-2016q2) Canada
.. .. BPM6 (2003q1-2016q2) Chile
.. .. BPM6 (1998q1-2016q2) China
.. ESA10 (1995-2015) BPM6 (2000q1-2016q2) Colombia
.. .. BPM6 (2009-2015) Costa Rica
ESA10 (1999-2015) ESA10 (1995-2015) BPM6 (1993q1-2016q2) Czech Republic
ESA10 (1994-2015) ESA10 (1995-2015) BPM6 (1995q1-2016q3) Denmark
ESA10 (1995-2014) ESA10 (1995-2015) BPM6 (1993q1-2016q2) Estonia
ESA10 (1995-2015) ESA10 (1975-2015) BPM6 (1995q1-2016q2) Finland
ESA10 (1995-2015) ESA10 (1978-2015) BPM6 (2008q1-2016q2) France
ESA10 (1991-2014) ESA10 (1991-2015) BPM6 (1991q1-2016q2) Germany
ESA10 (1995-2015) ESA10 (1995-2015) BPM6 (2002-2015) Greece
ESA10 (1995-2015) ESA10 (1995-2015) BPM6 (1995q1-2016q2) Hungary
SNA08 (2003-2013) SNA08 (1998-2015) BPM6 (1995q1-2016q2) Iceland
.. .. BPM6 (2004q1-2016q2) Indonesia
.. .. BPM6 (2010q3-2016q2) India
ESA10 (1990-2015) ESA10 (1995-2015) BPM6 (2002q1-2016q2) Ireland
SNA08 (1995-2015) SNA08 (1995-2015) BPM6 (1995q1-2016q2) Israel
ESA10 (1995-2015) ESA10 (1995-2015) BPM6 (1995q1-2016q2) Italy
SNA93 (1994-2014) SNA93 (1994-2014) BPM6 (1994q1-2016q3) Japan
SNA08(2008-2014) SNA08 (1975-2014) BPM6 (1980q1-2016q3) Korea
.. ESA10 (1995-2015) BPM6 (2000q1-2016q2) Latvia
ESA10 (1995-2015) ESA10 (1995-2015) BPM6 (2004q1-2016q2) Lithuania
ESA10 (1990-2015) ESA10 (1995-2015) BPM6 (2002q1-2016q2) Luxembourg
.. .. BPM6 (2010q1-2016q2) Mexico
ESA10 (1995-2015) ESA10 (1995-2015) BPM6 (2008q1-2016q2) Netherlands
SNA93 (1994-2016) SNA93 (1986-2014) BPM6 (1971q1-2016q2) New Zealand
SNA08 (1995-2015) SNA08 (1995-2015) BPM6 (1981q1-2016q2) Norway
ESA10 (1998-2015) ESA10 (2010-2015) BPM6 (2004q1-2016q2) Poland
ESA10 (1995-2015) ESA10 (1995-2015) BPM6 (1996q1-2016q2) Portugal
.. .. BPM6 (1997q1-2016q2) Russia
ESA10 (1995-2015) ESA10 (1995-2015) BPM6 (2004q1-2016q2) Slovak Republic
ESA10 (1995-2015) ESA10 (1995-2015) BPM6 (1994q1-2016q3) Slovenia
.. .. BPM6 (1990q1-2016q2) South Africa
ESA10 (1995-2015) ESA10 (1995-2015) BPM6 (1995q1-2016q2) Spain
ESA10 (1997-2015) ESA10 (1993-2015) BPM6 (2006q1-2016q2) Sweden
ESA10 (1999-2013) ESA10 (1995-2015) BPM6 (2000q1-2016q2) Switzerland
.. .. BPM5 (1992q1-2016q2) Turkey
ESA10 (1987q1-2016q2) ESA10 (1995-2015) BPM6 (1999q1-2016q2) United Kingdom
NIPA (SNA08) (1952q1-2016q2) NIPA (SNA08) (1947q1-2016q3) BPM6 (1960q1-2016q2) United States
Note:
BPM: Balance of Payments and International Investment Position Manual, edition 5 or 6.
SNA: System of National Accounts. ESA: European Standardised Accounts. NIPA: National Income and Product Accounts. The numbers in brackets indicate the starting year for the time series and the latest available historical data included in this Outlook database.
OECD ECONOMIC OUTLOOK, VOLUME 2016 ISSUE 2 © OECD 2016 – PRELIMINARY VERSION 263
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STATISTICAL ANNEX
Annex Tables
Demand and Output
1. Real GDP. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267
2. Nominal GDP. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 268
3. Real private consumption expenditure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269
4. Real public consumption expenditure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 270
5. Real total gross fixed capital formation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271
6. Real gross private non-residential fixed capital formation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 272
7. Real gross residential fixed capital formation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 273
8. Real total domestic demand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 274
9. Foreign balance contributions to changes in real GDP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 275
10. Quarterly demand and output projections. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 276
11. Contributions to changes in real GDP in OECD countries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 278
12. Output gaps. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 280
Inflation, Wages, Costs, Unemployment and Labour
13. GDP deflators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281
14. Private consumption deflators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 282
15. Consumer price indices. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 283
16. Oil and other primary commodity markets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 284
17. Compensation per employee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285
18. Labour productivity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 286
19. Employment and labour force . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 287
20. Labour force, employment and unemployment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 288
21. Unemployment rates: national definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 289
22. Harmonised unemployment rates. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 290
23. Quarterly price, cost and unemployment projections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 291
Key Supply-side Data
24. Potential GDP and productive capital stock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 292
25. Structural unemployment and unit labour costs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293
Saving
26. Household saving rates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 294
27. Gross national saving. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 295
28. Household wealth and indebtedness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 296
Fiscal Balances and Public Indebteness
29. General government total outlays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 297
30. General government total tax and non-tax receipts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 298
31. General government financial balances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 299
OECD ECONOMIC OUTLOOK, VOLUME 2016 ISSUE 2 © OECD 2016 – PRELIMINARY VERSION 265
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32. General government cyclically-adjusted balances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 300
33. General government underlying balances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301
34. General government underlying primary balances. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 302
35. General government net debt interest payments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 303
36. General government gross financial liabilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 304
37. General government net financial liabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 305
38. Maastricht definition of general government gross public debt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 306
Interest Rates and Exchange Rates
39. Short-term interest rates. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 307
40. Long-term interest rates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308
41. Nominal exchange rates (vis-à-vis the US dollar) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 309
42. Effective exchange rates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 310
House prices
43. Nominal house prices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 311
44. Real house prices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 312
45. House price-to-rent ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 313
46. House price-to-income ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 314
External Trade and Payments
47. Export volumes of goods and services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 315
48. Import volumes of goods and services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 316
49. Export prices of goods and services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 317
50. Import prices of goods and services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 318
51. Indicators of competitiveness based on relative consumer prices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 319
52. Indicators of competitiveness based on relative unit labour costs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 320
53. Export market growth in goods and services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 321
54. Export performance for total goods and services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 322
55. Import penetration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 323
56. Shares in world exports and imports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 324
57. Geographical structure of world trade growth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 325
58. Trade balances for goods and services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 326
59. Balance of primary income. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 327
60. Balance of secondary income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 328
61. Current account balances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 329
62. Current account balances as a percentage of GDP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 330
63. Structure of current account balances of major world regions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 331
OECD ECONOMIC OUTLOOK, VOLUME 2016 ISSUE 2 © OECD 2016 – PRELIMINARY VERSION266
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STATISTICAL ANNEX
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3.
2
2.9
A
ustri
a2.
4
0.8
2.
4
2.4
3.
6
3.5
1.
2
-3.5
1.
8
3.0
0.
7
0.1
0.
8
0.8
1.
5
1.5
1.
3
1.7
1.
4
1.3
B
elgi
um2.
2
0.8
3.
6
2.1
2.
5
3.4
0.
7
-2.3
2.
7
1.8
0.
1
-0.1
1.
7
1.5
1.
2
1.3
1.
5
1.1
1.
4
1.5
B
razi
l
..
1.1
5.
8
3.2
4.
0
6.1
5.
1
-0.1
7.
5
3.9
1.
9
3.0
0.
1
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-3
.4
0.0
1.
2
..
..
..
C
anad
a3.
5
1.8
3.
1
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2.
6
2.1
1.
0
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3.
1
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1.
7
2.2
2.
5
1.1
1.
2
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3
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2
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C
hile
5.2
3.
8
6.9
6.
2
5.8
5.
2
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-1
.1
5.7
5.
8
5.5
4.
0
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2.
3
1.7
2.
5
2.6
2.
1
2.8
2.
5
Chi
na9.
8
10.0
10
.1
11.4
12
.7
14.2
9.
7
9.4
10
.6
9.5
7.
9
7.8
7.
3
6.9
6.
7
6.4
6.
1
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6.
1
6.1
C
olom
bia
2.3
3.
9
5.3
4.
7
6.7
6.
9
3.5
1.
7
4.0
6.
6
4.0
4.
9
4.4
3.
1
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2.
5
2.9
.
. .
.
..
Cos
ta R
ica
4.4
4.
3
4.3
3.
9
7.2
8.
1
4.6
-0
.9
4.9
4.
3
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1
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8
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4.
0
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.
. .
.
..
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ch R
epub
lic
..
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4.
9
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9
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7
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3
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.8
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7
4.5
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4
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6
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7
2.5
D
enm
ark
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4
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3
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9
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-4
.9
1.9
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3
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9
1.7
1.
6
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5
1.9
1.
7
1.7
2.
0
Est
onia
..
7.
5
6.4
9.
1
10.5
7.
2
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-1
4.2
1.
7
7.5
4.
3
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7
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1
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9
0.9
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7
3.0
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nlan
d3.
7
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9
2.8
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1
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7
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3.
0
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.4
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.7
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9
0.9
1.
1
1.0
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9
1.1
Fr
ance
2.2
0.
8
2.6
1.
7
2.5
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3
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-2
.9
1.9
2.
1
0.2
0.
6
0.7
1.
2
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1.
3
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1.
1
1.5
1.
6
Ger
man
y1.
5
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0.
7
0.9
3.
9
3.4
0.
8
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3.
9
3.7
0.
7
0.6
1.
6
1.5
1.
7
1.7
1.
7
1.7
1.
9
1.7
G
reec
e
..
5.8
4.
8
0.8
5.
6
3.2
-0
.2
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-5
.5
-9.2
-7
.3
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4
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0
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1.
9
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1.
9
1.8
H
unga
ry2.
7
3.8
5.
0
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9
0.4
0.
9
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0.
7
1.7
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.6
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0
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7
2.5
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2
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0
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elan
d3.
4
2.4
8.
1
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0
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1.
5
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-3
.6
2.0
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2
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1.
9
4.2
4.
7
4.1
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5
6.0
2.
9
2.8
In
dia1
6.8
8.
4
8.3
9.
3
9.3
9.
8
3.9
8.
5
10.3
6.
6
5.6
6.
6
7.2
7.
6
7.4
7.
6
7.7
..
..
..
Indo
nesi
a
..
4.8
5.
0
5.7
5.
5
6.3
6.
0
4.7
6.
4
6.2
6.
0
5.6
5.
0
4.8
5.
0
5.1
5.
3
..
..
..
Ire
land
7.9
3.
7
6.8
5.
8
5.9
3.
7
-4.4
-4
.6
2.0
-0
.1
-1.1
1.
1
8.5
26
.3
4.3
3.
2
2.3
3.
1
1.3
2.
6
Isra
el
..
1.1
5.
0
4.1
5.
5
6.2
3.
1
1.3
5.
5
5.1
2.
4
4.4
3.
2
2.5
3.
3
3.4
3.
3
3.6
3.
4
3.2
Ita
ly1.
6
0.2
1.
4
1.2
2.
1
1.3
-1
.1
-5.5
1.
6
0.7
-2
.9
-1.7
0.
2
0.6
0.
8
0.9
1.
0
0.8
1.
1
0.9
Ja
pan
0.8
1.
7
2.4
1.
3
1.7
2.
2
-1.0
-5
.5
4.7
-0
.5
1.7
1.
4
0.0
0.
6
0.8
1.
0
0.8
1.
5
0.8
0.
9
Kor
ea6.
5
2.9
4.
9
3.9
5.
2
5.5
2.
8
0.7
6.
5
3.7
2.
3
2.9
3.
3
2.6
2.
7
2.6
3.
0
2.3
3.
0
3.0
La
tvia
..
8.
4
8.3
10
.7
11.9
9.
9
-3.6
-1
4.3
-3
.8
6.2
4.
0
2.9
2.
1
2.7
1.
1
3.0
3.
5
1.7
3.
3
3.6
Li
thua
nia
..
10
.5
6.6
7.
6
7.4
11
.1
2.6
-1
4.8
1.
7
6.0
3.
8
3.5
3.
5
1.8
2.
1
2.7
2.
8
..
..
..
Lu
xem
bour
g4.
6
1.4
4.
5
3.2
5.
1
8.4
-0
.8
-5.4
5.
8
2.0
0.
0
4.2
4.
7
3.5
3.
6
4.0
4.
0
2.1
4.
1
4.0
M
exic
o2.
5
1.4
4.
0
3.3
5.
0
3.1
1.
2
-4.5
5.
1
4.0
3.
8
1.6
2.
2
2.5
2.
2
2.3
2.
4
2.6
1.
6
3.0
N
ethe
rland
s3.
1
0.4
1.
8
2.2
3.
7
3.7
1.
7
-3.8
1.
3
1.7
-1
.1
-0.1
1.
4
2.0
2.
0
2.0
1.
9
2.6
1.
8
1.9
N
ew Z
eala
nd3.
9
4.6
4.
4
2.6
2.
8
3.9
-0
.4
0.3
2.
0
1.9
2.
8
1.7
3.
0
3.0
3.
5
3.4
2.
6
3.7
3.
0
2.3
N
orw
ay3.
4
0.9
4.
0
2.6
2.
4
2.9
0.
4
-1.6
0.
6
1.0
2.
7
1.0
1.
9
1.6
0.
7
0.5
1.
4
1.0
0.
9
1.7
P
olan
d4.
6
3.6
5.
1
3.5
6.
2
7.0
4.
2
2.8
3.
6
5.0
1.
6
1.4
3.
3
3.9
2.
6
3.2
3.
1
2.0
3.
3
3.1
P
ortu
gal
2.6
-0
.9
1.8
0.
8
1.6
2.
5
0.2
-3
.0
1.9
-1
.8
-4.0
-1
.1
0.9
1.
6
1.2
1.
2
1.3
1.
2
1.2
1.
3
Rus
sia
..
7.
3
7.2
6.
4
8.2
8.
5
5.2
-7
.8
4.5
4.
3
3.5
1.
3
0.7
-3
.7
-0.8
0.
8
1.0
.
. .
.
..
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vak
Rep
ublic
3.9
5.
4
5.3
6.
8
8.5
10
.8
5.6
-5
.4
5.0
2.
8
1.7
1.
5
2.6
3.
8
3.6
3.
4
3.8
3.
3
3.6
3.
9
Slo
veni
a
..
2.8
4.
4
4.0
5.
7
6.9
3.
3
-7.8
1.
2
0.6
-2
.7
-1.1
3.
1
2.3
2.
0
2.4
2.
3
1.9
2.
8
1.9
S
outh
Afri
ca2.
8
2.9
4.
6
5.3
5.
6
5.4
3.
2
-1.5
3.
0
3.3
2.
2
2.3
1.
6
1.3
0.
4
1.1
1.
7
..
..
..
S
pain
3.1
3.
2
3.2
3.
7
4.2
3.
8
1.1
-3
.6
0.0
-1
.0
-2.9
-1
.7
1.4
3.
2
3.2
2.
3
2.2
2.
9
2.1
2.
3
Sw
eden
2.8
2.
5
3.8
2.
8
4.9
3.
5
-0.7
-5
.1
5.7
2.
7
0.0
1.
2
2.7
3.
9
3.3
2.
7
2.2
2.
3
2.6
2.
1
Sw
itzer
land
1.5
0.
1
2.7
3.
1
4.1
4.
1
2.2
-2
.1
2.8
1.
9
1.1
1.
8
2.0
0.
8
1.6
1.
7
1.9
1.
8
1.8
1.
9
Turk
ey3.
0
5.3
9.
4
8.4
6.
9
4.7
0.
7
-4.8
9.
2
8.8
2.
1
4.2
3.
0
4.0
2.
9
3.3
3.
8
2.1
3.
8
3.8
U
nite
d K
ingd
om3.
0
3.5
2.
5
3.0
2.
5
2.6
-0
.6
-4.3
1.
9
1.5
1.
3
1.9
3.
1
2.2
2.
0
1.2
1.
0
1.9
1.
0
1.0
U
nite
d S
tate
s3.
4
2.8
3.
8
3.3
2.
7
1.8
-0
.3
-2.8
2.
5
1.6
2.
2
1.7
2.
4
2.6
1.
5
2.3
3.
0
1.8
2.
5
2.9
E
uro
area
22.
1
0.7
2.
0
1.8
3.
3
3.0
0.
3
-4.5
2.
0
1.6
-0
.9
-0.2
1.
2
1.5
1.
7
1.6
1.
7
1.6
1.
6
1.7
To
tal O
EC
D2
2.7
2.
1
3.3
2.
8
3.2
2.
7
0.2
-3
.5
3.0
1.
9
1.3
1.
3
1.9
2.
1
1.7
2.
0
2.3
1.
8
2.1
2.
3
N
ote:
1.
2. Sou
rce:
OE
CD
Eco
nom
ic O
utlo
ok 1
00 d
atab
ase.
2018
2012
2013
2014
2015
Q4
/ Q4
2016
2017
With
gro
wth
in Ir
elan
d in
201
5 co
mpu
ted
usin
g gr
oss
valu
e ad
ded
at c
onst
ant p
rices
exc
ludi
ng fo
reig
n-ow
ned
mul
tinat
iona
l ent
erpr
ise
dom
inat
ed s
ecto
rs.
2003
Fisc
al y
ear.
2004
The
adop
tion
of n
atio
nal a
ccou
nts
syst
ems
has
been
pro
ceed
ing
at a
n un
even
pac
e am
ong
coun
tries
, bot
h w
ith re
spec
t to
varia
bles
and
the
time
perio
d co
vere
d. A
s a
cons
eque
nce,
ther
e ar
e br
eaks
in m
any
natio
nal s
erie
s. F
or fu
rther
in
form
atio
n, s
ee ta
ble
�Nat
iona
l Acc
ount
s R
epor
ting
Sys
tem
s, b
ase
year
s an
d la
test
dat
a up
date
s� a
t the
beg
inni
ng o
f the
Sta
tistic
al A
nnex
.
2011
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
OECD ECONOMIC OUTLOOK, VOLUME 2016 ISSUE 2 © OECD 2016 – PRELIMINARY VERSION 267
Page 10
STATISTICAL ANNEX
An
nex
Tabl
e2.
Nom
inal
GD
P
1 2
htt
p://
dx.d
oi.o
rg/1
0.17
87/8
8893
3438
021
Perc
enta
ge c
hang
es
Aver
age
2016
2017
2018
1992
-02
Arge
ntin
a
..
20.3
19
.1
20.1
22
.9
25.3
28
.2
8.5
33
.2
31.1
21
.1
26.9
36
.8
27.6
36
.5
24.2
19
.4
..
..
..
Au
stra
lia6.
1
6.2
7.
7
7.8
7.
9
9.1
9.
2
1.8
8.
0
7.2
3.
3
3.3
2.
8
1.8
3.
0
4.5
4.
9
3.5
5.
3
4.7
Au
stria
3.9
2.
1
4.2
5.
0
5.6
5.
8
3.0
-1
.7
2.9
4.
9
2.7
1.
7
2.5
2.
7
3.0
3.
5
3.5
3.
3
3.5
3.
5
Belg
ium
3.9
2.
8
5.7
4.
3
4.9
5.
5
2.7
-1
.5
4.7
3.
8
2.2
1.
1
2.3
2.
4
2.8
3.
1
3.1
2.
9
2.8
3.
3
Braz
il
..
15.4
14
.0
10.9
11
.0
12.9
14
.3
7.2
16
.6
12.6
9.
9
10.6
7.
0
3.8
4.
7
7.1
7.
4
..
..
..
C
anad
a5.
2
5.1
6.
5
6.4
5.
3
5.4
5.
0
-5.2
6.
0
6.5
3.
0
3.8
4.
3
0.5
1.
7
4.2
4.
3
2.8
4.
1
4.5
C
hile
10.9
8.
9
15.0
13
.8
19.1
10
.3
3.8
2.
8
15.1
9.
3
6.4
6.
4
7.5
6.
7
6.1
5.
9
6.2
6.
6
5.9
6.
4
Chi
na16
.2
12.9
17
.8
15.7
17
.1
23.1
18
.2
9.3
18
.3
18.5
10
.4
10.2
8.
2
6.4
7.
6
8.5
8.
8
8.4
8.
5
8.8
C
olom
bia
19.6
11
.0
13.0
10
.5
12.9
12
.3
11.4
5.
1
8.0
13
.8
7.2
7.
0
6.6
5.
7
7.4
6.
2
6.6
.
. .
.
..
Cos
ta R
ica
17.9
15
.5
18.3
17
.9
21.2
19
.2
16.4
9.
0
11.9
9.
2
9.3
6.
0
8.8
7.
2
4.9
8.
1
9.6
.
. .
.
..
Cze
ch R
epub
lic
..
4.7
9.
2
6.6
7.
6
9.3
4.
8
-2.3
0.
8
2.0
0.
6
0.9
5.
3
5.6
3.
3
3.7
4.
7
2.9
4.
7
4.6
D
enm
ark
4.3
1.
9
4.8
5.
3
6.1
3.
4
3.6
-4
.4
5.2
2.
0
2.6
1.
8
2.5
2.
5
1.1
2.
7
3.9
2.
2
3.1
4.
3
Esto
nia
..
12
.1
11.5
15
.9
20.0
20
.1
1.8
-1
4.2
3.
9
13.3
7.
6
5.3
4.
6
2.5
2.
8
4.9
5.
6
2.8
5.
5
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nite
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ates
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6
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are
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To
tal O
ECD
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5
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3
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8
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7
3.7
3.
6
3.1
3.
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4.4
3.
3
4.0
4.
6
Not
e:
1.
Sour
ce:
OEC
D E
cono
mic
Out
look
100
dat
abas
e.
Q4
/ Q4
Fisc
al y
ear.
The
adop
tion
of n
atio
nal a
ccou
nts
syst
ems
has
been
pro
ceed
ing
at a
n un
even
pac
e am
ong
coun
tries
, bot
h w
ith re
spec
t to
varia
bles
and
the
time
perio
d co
vere
d. A
s a
cons
eque
nce,
ther
e ar
e br
eaks
in m
any
natio
nal s
erie
s. F
or fu
rther
in
form
atio
n, s
ee ta
ble
�Nat
iona
l Acc
ount
s R
epor
ting
Syst
ems,
bas
e ye
ars
and
late
st d
ata
upda
tes�
at t
he b
egin
ning
of t
he S
tatis
tical
Ann
ex.
2018
2013
2016
2017
2014
2009
2003
2004
2015
2005
2006
2007
2008
2012
2010
2011
OECD ECONOMIC OUTLOOK, VOLUME 2016 ISSUE 2 © OECD 2016 – PRELIMINARY VERSION268
Page 11
STATISTICAL ANNEX
An
nex
Tabl
e3.
Rea
lpri
vate
con
sum
pti
onex
pen
dit
ure
1 2
htt
p://
dx.d
oi.o
rg/1
0.17
87/8
8893
3438
033
Per
cent
age
chan
ges
Ave
rage
2016
2017
2018
1992
-02
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entin
a
..
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9
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7
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8
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8
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4
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and
2.8
4.
2
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2
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5
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9
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5
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7
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2
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5
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0
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3
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3
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9
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6
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7
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..
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5
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8
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7
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3
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4
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5
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dia1
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9
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6
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4
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4
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4
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0
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2
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3
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5
5.5
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3
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land
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6
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4
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8
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8
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4
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9
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7
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6
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4
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4
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tvia
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1
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10
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-1
6.0
2.
8
3.0
3.
1
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1.
3
3.9
4.
0
3.9
3.
4
4.5
3.
5
3.3
Li
thua
nia
..
11
.3
10.9
11
.6
9.1
12
.4
3.9
-1
7.4
-3
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4.6
3.
1
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4.
3
4.1
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1
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3.
5
..
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6
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7
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3
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4
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5
2.6
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7
1.8
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4
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1
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9
3.4
M
exic
o2.
7
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2
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5
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6
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7
4.8
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7
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8
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8
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4
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4
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N
ethe
rland
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2
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9
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0
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3
1.8
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5
1.8
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6
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5
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ew Z
eala
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5
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2
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8
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7
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6
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8
3.9
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2
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orw
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5
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4
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0
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7
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8
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5
2.7
1.
9
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4
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4
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2.
2
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olan
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8
1.6
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2
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8
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8
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7
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7
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4
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9
3.7
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6
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2.6
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6
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5
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6
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2
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2
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1
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sia
..
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4
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11
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14
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7
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3
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5
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.
. .
.
..
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vak
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ublic
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9
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8
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5
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0.4
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-0
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1.4
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2
2.8
3.
1
3.3
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9
3.2
3.
3
Slo
veni
a
..
3.4
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0
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2
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4
0.9
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3
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.5
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0
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1
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2.
1
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0
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outh
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4
2.8
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2
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8.
8
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2
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9
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7
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0.
7
1.7
0.
7
1.6
1.
7
..
..
..
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pain
2.7
2.
4
4.0
4.
0
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3
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.6
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.1
1.6
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9
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1
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2
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1.
6
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eden
2.1
2.
4
2.6
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8
2.8
3.
9
0.2
0.
4
3.8
1.
9
0.9
1.
9
2.2
2.
6
2.5
2.
6
2.5
2.
2
2.6
2.
5
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itzer
land
1.3
0.
4
1.7
1.
5
1.6
2.
3
1.5
1.
2
1.6
0.
9
2.6
2.
2
1.2
1.
0
1.0
1.
6
2.1
1.
1
2.1
2.
2
Turk
ey2.
8
10.2
11
.0
7.9
4.
6
5.5
-0
.3
-2.3
6.
7
7.7
-0
.5
5.1
1.
4
4.8
4.
1
3.0
4.
4
2.3
4.
7
4.0
U
nite
d K
ingd
om3.
9
3.7
3.
4
3.0
1.
6
2.9
-0
.7
-3.2
0.
6
-0.5
1.
7
1.6
2.
2
2.5
2.
8
1.8
1.
0
2.8
1.
3
0.8
U
nite
d S
tate
s3.
8
3.1
3.
8
3.5
3.
0
2.2
-0
.3
-1.6
1.
9
2.3
1.
5
1.5
2.
9
3.2
2.
6
2.7
2.
8
2.6
2.
9
2.5
E
uro
area
1.9
1.
1
1.6
1.
9
2.1
1.
7
0.2
-1
.0
0.8
-0
.1
-1.2
-0
.5
0.8
1.
8
1.6
1.
4
1.5
1.
4
1.5
1.
5
Tota
l OE
CD
3.0
2.
3
3.1
3.
0
2.8
2.
5
0.2
-1
.4
2.1
1.
7
1.0
1.
2
1.8
2.
3
2.2
2.
1
2.2
2.
2
2.2
2.
1
Not
e:
1.
Sou
rce:
OE
CD
Eco
nom
ic O
utlo
ok 1
00 d
atab
ase.
Q4
/ Q4
Fisc
al y
ear.
The
adop
tion
of n
atio
nal a
ccou
nts
syst
ems
has
been
pro
ceed
ing
at a
n un
even
pac
e am
ong
coun
tries
, bot
h w
ith re
spec
t to
varia
bles
and
the
time
perio
d co
vere
d. A
s a
cons
eque
nce,
ther
e ar
e br
eaks
in m
any
natio
nal s
erie
s. F
or fu
rther
in
form
atio
n, s
ee ta
ble
�Nat
iona
l Acc
ount
s R
epor
ting
Sys
tem
s, b
ase
year
s an
d la
test
dat
a up
date
s� a
t the
beg
inni
ng o
f the
Sta
tistic
al A
nnex
.
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2016
2017
2018
2012
2013
2014
2015
OECD ECONOMIC OUTLOOK, VOLUME 2016 ISSUE 2 © OECD 2016 – PRELIMINARY VERSION 269
Page 12
STATISTICAL ANNEX
An
nex
Tabl
e4.
Rea
lpu
blic
con
sum
pti
onex
pen
dit
ure
1 2
htt
p://
dx.d
oi.o
rg/1
0.17
87/8
8893
3438
043
Per
cent
age
chan
ges
Ave
rage
2016
2017
2018
1992
-02
Arg
entin
a
..
1.5
2.
7
9.9
3.
7
7.8
5.
0
5.6
5.
5
4.6
3.
0
5.3
2.
9
6.6
-0
.8
1.2
1.
7
..
..
..
A
ustra
lia3.
0
3.9
3.
7
2.7
3.
6
3.1
4.
3
1.6
3.
5
3.6
2.
5
1.2
0.
6
2.9
3.
7
1.7
2.
0
3.0
2.
0
2.0
A
ustri
a2.
0
1.2
1.
2
2.3
3.
1
1.5
3.
8
2.5
0.
1
0.1
0.
1
0.5
0.
8
2.2
1.
8
0.5
0.
8
0.5
0.
8
0.8
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elgi
um1.
6
1.4
1.
6
0.7
1.
0
1.9
2.
8
1.1
1.
0
1.3
1.
4
0.1
1.
4
0.5
-0
.1
0.1
0.
1
0.1
0.
1
0.1
B
razi
l
..
1.6
3.
9
2.0
3.
6
4.1
2.
1
2.9
3.
9
2.2
2.
3
1.5
1.
2
-1.0
-1
.7
-0.9
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5
..
..
..
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anad
a0.
8
2.9
1.
9
1.1
2.
8
2.4
3.
8
2.7
2.
3
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0.
7
0.3
0.
3
1.7
2.
2
1.8
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5
2.7
1.
5
1.5
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hile
..
0.
8
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5.
9
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7.
0
0.3
9.
2
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5
3.5
3.
5
5.1
5.
8
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4.
1
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3
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2.
7
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a
..
1.8
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4
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5.
5
6.1
3.
2
6.0
5.
6
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6.
4
9.3
4.
8
2.8
1.
6
1.5
1.
5
..
..
..
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osta
Ric
a2.
5
2.0
1.
0
0.8
3.
2
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5.
2
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2
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9
2.4
1.
3
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3.
2
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zech
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0
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6
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4
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0
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5
1.1
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0
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2
1.9
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1
2.1
1.
8
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mar
k2.
5
0.2
1.
5
1.2
2.
6
1.2
3.
2
3.0
1.
6
-0.6
0.
8
-0.1
1.
2
0.6
1.
1
0.8
0.
8
2.1
0.
8
0.8
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ston
ia
..
3.9
2.
9
3.2
5.
6
6.5
4.
6
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-0
.3
1.4
3.
0
2.0
2.
5
3.4
0.
1
1.5
1.
3
-0.2
1.
2
1.4
Fi
nlan
d1.
4
1.3
1.
5
1.9
1.
1
1.3
1.
6
1.6
-0
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0.
5
1.1
-0
.5
0.4
0.
1
-1.2
0.
0
-0.3
-1
.3
0.0
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ance
1.3
1.
9
2.1
1.
3
1.4
1.
8
1.1
2.
5
1.2
1.
1
1.6
1.
5
1.2
1.
4
1.5
1.
1
1.0
1.
5
1.0
1.
0
Ger
man
y1.
5
0.5
-0
.8
0.5
1.
0
1.5
3.
4
3.0
1.
3
0.9
1.
1
1.2
1.
2
2.8
3.
8
2.4
2.
0
3.2
2.
2
1.8
G
reec
e
..
3.0
4.
0
4.1
6.
8
5.4
-2
.3
2.1
-4
.2
-7.0
-7
.2
-5.5
-2
.4
-0.1
-1
.7
-1.1
-0
.4
-0.9
-0
.6
-0.2
H
unga
ry0.
4
5.0
2.
3
3.2
1.
3
-6.7
3.
1
1.4
-0
.4
0.2
-1
.5
4.1
4.
5
1.0
2.
7
1.4
1.
0
2.0
1.
3
0.9
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elan
d3.
4
2.1
2.
4
3.4
4.
1
4.5
4.
9
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-3
.7
-0.1
-1
.8
1.0
1.
7
1.0
1.
1
1.1
1.
1
1.3
0.
6
1.4
In
dia1
..
2.
6
3.6
8.
9
3.8
9.
6
10.4
13
.9
5.8
6.
9
0.5
0.
4
12.8
2.
2
8.3
4.
9
6.8
..
..
..
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nesi
a
..
10.0
4.
0
6.6
9.
6
3.9
10
.4
11.2
4.
0
5.5
4.
5
6.7
1.
2
5.4
3.
5
2.7
3.
5
..
..
..
Ire
land
5.6
3.
0
1.7
4.
7
5.1
6.
8
1.3
-2
.5
-4.0
-1
.3
-2.8
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.3
4.6
0.
2
4.0
2.
1
2.0
2.
7
3.1
1.
4
Isra
el
..
-2.9
-1
.6
2.1
3.
6
2.5
2.
0
2.8
2.
6
2.4
3.
7
3.6
3.
6
3.3
4.
2
4.0
2.
8
2.4
4.
5
1.8
Ita
ly0.
6
1.3
1.
0
0.6
-0
.4
0.4
1.
0
0.4
0.
6
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-0.3
-0
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0.
5
0.7
0.
5
0.0
1.
2
0.0
Ja
pan
3.1
1.
9
1.5
0.
8
0.0
1.
1
-0.1
2.
3
1.9
1.
2
1.7
1.
9
0.1
1.
2
1.5
0.
0
0.1
0.
9
0.1
-0
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Kor
ea4.
2
3.8
4.
5
4.5
7.
4
6.1
5.
1
5.2
3.
8
2.2
3.
4
3.3
3.
0
3.4
3.
8
2.8
3.
0
2.9
3.
1
3.0
La
tvia
..
4.
4
3.6
2.
7
6.5
3.
3
2.4
-1
0.7
-8
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3.0
0.
3
1.6
2.
1
3.1
1.
6
2.0
2.
5
1.6
2.
4
2.5
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thua
nia
..
3.
4
4.2
3.
6
2.1
1.
9
0.2
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1.2
0.
7
0.3
0.
9
1.0
0.
5
0.8
.
. .
.
..
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mbo
urg
4.7
3.
6
3.4
4.
1
0.7
1.
1
2.4
4.
2
5.3
2.
7
4.7
1.
9
0.0
2.
3
3.6
2.
0
2.9
2.
8
2.1
3.
4
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ico
0.6
-0
.6
2.4
2.
9
3.3
2.
4
3.3
2.
3
1.6
2.
5
3.3
1.
3
2.1
2.
4
0.6
-0
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0.0
0.
1
0.0
0.
0
Net
herla
nds
2.7
3.
0
-0.5
1.
6
9.4
3.
1
3.3
4.
7
1.0
-0
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0.3
0.
2
0.7
1.
1
1.4
0.
8
1.8
1.
3
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Zea
land
1.9
3.
5
4.9
7.
1
4.6
4.
2
4.5
0.
6
0.8
2.
6
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1.
6
2.7
2.
0
1.9
2.
0
1.8
2.
6
1.8
1.
8
Nor
way
2.8
1.
3
1.3
1.
9
1.9
2.
0
2.4
4.
1
2.2
1.
0
1.6
1.
0
2.7
2.
1
2.6
1.
7
1.6
4.
0
0.3
1.
6
Pol
and
2.4
3.
5
3.8
3.
5
5.5
3.
0
4.4
3.
5
3.1
-1
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-0.3
2.
5
4.1
2.
3
3.7
3.
5
3.0
3.
1
3.1
3.
0
Por
tuga
l3.
1
1.6
2.
9
2.7
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0.6
0.
4
2.6
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-3.8
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-0
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0.8
1.
1
0.2
0.
3
1.0
0.
0
0.5
R
ussi
a
..
2.3
2.
1
1.4
2.
3
2.7
3.
4
-0.6
-1
.5
1.4
2.
5
1.4
0.
2
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..
..
..
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lova
k R
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3
5.8
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7.0
9.
2
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6.
5
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7
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2.2
5.
3
5.4
2.
8
1.1
1.
0
1.6
1.
1
0.9
S
love
nia
..
2.
7
2.7
2.
7
3.1
1.
9
4.9
2.
4
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-0
.7
-2.2
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-1.2
2.
5
2.0
1.
3
0.7
1.
0
1.5
0.
3
Sou
th A
frica
1.0
5.
7
5.2
5.
1
4.9
4.
0
5.8
4.
6
3.0
2.
8
3.5
3.
8
1.8
0.
2
0.8
0.
5
0.3
.
. .
.
..
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9
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6
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8
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7
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5
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8
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8
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9
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rkey
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5
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5
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8
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7
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5
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7
12.8
3.
5
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.0
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4.
2
Uni
ted
Kin
gdom
2.1
4.
3
3.5
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4
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2
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1.
1
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2
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3
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5
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6
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0
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5
Uni
ted
Sta
tes
1.6
1.
8
1.5
0.
8
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1.
4
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3.
7
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.7
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.4
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1.
6
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1.
3
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0.
7
1.9
3.
1
Eur
o ar
ea1.
6
1.8
1.
3
1.6
2.
1
2.1
2.
4
2.4
0.
8
-0.1
-0
.4
0.3
0.
6
1.4
1.
8
1.3
1.
2
1.4
1.
4
1.1
To
tal O
EC
D1.
9
2.0
1.
8
1.5
2.
0
1.9
2.
3
3.0
0.
9
-0.4
0.
3
0.1
0.
6
1.8
2.
0
1.3
1.
8
1.7
1.
4
1.7
Not
e:
1.
Sou
rce:
O
EC
D E
cono
mic
Out
look
100
dat
abas
e.
2015
2016
2017
Fisc
al y
ear.
The
adop
tion
of n
atio
nal a
ccou
nts
syst
ems
has
been
pro
ceed
ing
at a
n un
even
pac
e am
ong
coun
tries
, bot
h w
ith re
spec
t to
varia
bles
and
the
time
perio
d co
vere
d. A
s a
cons
eque
nce,
ther
e ar
e br
eaks
in m
any
natio
nal s
erie
s. F
or fu
rther
in
form
atio
n, s
ee ta
ble
�Nat
iona
l Acc
ount
s R
epor
ting
Sys
tem
s, b
ase
year
s an
d la
test
dat
a up
date
s� a
t the
beg
inni
ng o
f the
Sta
tistic
al A
nnex
.
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2018
2012
2013
2014
Q4
/ Q4
OECD ECONOMIC OUTLOOK, VOLUME 2016 ISSUE 2 © OECD 2016 – PRELIMINARY VERSION270
Page 13
STATISTICAL ANNEX
An
nex
Tabl
e5.
Rea
ltot
algr
oss
fix
edca
pit
alfo
rmat
ion
1 2
htt
p://
dx.d
oi.o
rg/1
0.17
87/8
8893
3438
056
Per
cent
age
chan
ges
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rage
2016
2017
2018
1992
-02
Arg
entin
a
..
38.2
34
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15.8
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8.
7
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6
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3
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5
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.
. .
.
..
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tralia
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8.
9
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4
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7
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1
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tria
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8
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2
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4.
6
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7
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7
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4
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0
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9
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gium
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4
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..
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5
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0
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4
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7
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5
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5
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0
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onia
..
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2
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0
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4
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and
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2.
8
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2
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10
.0
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1
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4
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1
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2
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ance
2.1
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9
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9
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6
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1
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9
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1
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9
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man
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9
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4
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8
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ece
..
15
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8
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7
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4
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3
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6
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4
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ry5.
8
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6
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7
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9
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7
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6
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4
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.
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8
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8
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8
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0
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5
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7
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4
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2
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4
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7
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9
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6
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5
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4
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1
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..
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20
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7
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.
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2
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1
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4
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1
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6
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7
3.7
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exic
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4
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4
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7
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1
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2
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8
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8
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0
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2
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5
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2
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1
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3
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2
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2
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9
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ew Z
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0
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13
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6
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4
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2
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0
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3
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6
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3
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way
3.9
0.
4
10.0
12
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11
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4
7.6
6.
3
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1.
7
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6
Pol
and
7.2
1.
2
6.7
8.
3
15.4
19
.0
8.8
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0.0
8.
8
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.1
10.0
6.
1
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5
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4.0
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2
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tuga
l4.
1
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0.
1
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4
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5
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6
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3
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6
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3
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ussi
a
..
13.9
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7
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7
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8
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7
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.
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vak
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ublic
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16
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8.
9
1.6
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7.
2
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1.
2
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0
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3
4.7
S
love
nia
..
5.
8
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3.
5
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12
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2
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0
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0
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1
Sou
th A
frica
3.9
10
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13
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5
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0
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5
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6
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..
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in4.
5
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1
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4
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9
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0
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7
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5
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4.
7
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eden
2.7
2.
7
5.1
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2
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8.
3
0.3
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5.
6
5.8
0.
2
0.6
5.
6
6.8
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1
3.7
3.
1
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5
2.9
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witz
erla
nd1.
9
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4.
8
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4.
9
4.9
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6
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3
4.3
2.
9
1.2
2.
8
1.5
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3
1.4
2.
0
2.2
1.
8
2.1
Tu
rkey
1.4
14
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28.4
17
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3.
1
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9.0
30
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6
4.9
3.
1
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4.
9
2.7
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nite
d K
ingd
om2.
0
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9
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2
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2
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9
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2
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4
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1
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Uni
ted
Sta
tes
5.5
3.
9
5.8
5.
6
2.2
-1
.2
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-1
3.1
1.
1
3.7
6.
3
3.1
4.
2
3.7
0.
6
2.3
5.
3
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3.
5
6.0
E
uro
area
2.0
1.
3
2.2
3.
0
5.8
4.
7
-0.9
-1
1.1
-0
.5
1.7
-3
.3
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1.
4
2.9
3.
0
2.5
3.
0
2.3
2.
8
3.1
To
tal O
EC
D3.
1
2.9
4.
5
4.6
4.
2
2.7
-2
.1
-11.
1
1.9
3.
5
2.1
1.
0
2.7
2.
6
1.4
2.
2
3.2
1.
4
2.5
3.
6
Not
e:
1.
Sou
rce:
OE
CD
Eco
nom
ic O
utlo
ok 1
00 d
atab
ase.
2015
2016
2017
Fisc
al y
ear.
The
adop
tion
of n
atio
nal a
ccou
nts
syst
ems
has
been
pro
ceed
ing
at a
n un
even
pac
e am
ong
coun
tries
, bot
h w
ith re
spec
t to
varia
bles
and
the
time
perio
d co
vere
d. A
s a
cons
eque
nce,
ther
e ar
e br
eaks
in m
any
natio
nal s
erie
s. F
or fu
rther
in
form
atio
n, s
ee ta
ble
�Nat
iona
l Acc
ount
s R
epor
ting
Sys
tem
s, b
ase
year
s an
d la
test
dat
a up
date
s� a
t the
beg
inni
ng o
f the
Sta
tistic
al A
nnex
.
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2018
2012
2013
2014
Q4
/ Q4
OECD ECONOMIC OUTLOOK, VOLUME 2016 ISSUE 2 © OECD 2016 – PRELIMINARY VERSION 271
Page 14
STATISTICAL ANNEX
An
nex
Tabl
e6.
Rea
lgro
ssp
riva
ten
on-r
esid
enti
alfi
xed
cap
ital
form
atio
n
1 2
htt
p://
dx.d
oi.o
rg/1
0.17
87/8
8893
3438
069
Per
cent
age
chan
ges
Ave
rage
2016
2017
2018
1992
-02
Aus
tralia
6.2
11
.9
7.5
12
.7
7.8
11
.7
6.8
-2
.2
0.3
12
.9
15.4
-2
.5
-4.9
-7
.2
-4.7
-3
.2
0.5
-5
.6
-2.0
2.
0
Bel
gium
2.3
-2
.4
11.1
2.
9
2.3
6.
5
3.4
-7
.5
-2.1
6.
5
0.0
-0
.3
5.6
3.
1
3.3
3.
3
3.6
6.
0
3.1
3.
8
Can
ada
5.0
6.
6
9.1
11
.2
9.0
2.
5
4.0
-2
0.2
14
.0
11.6
7.
1
1.3
-0
.6
-10.
8
-6.5
1.
5
2.9
-1
.6
1.9
3.
4
Den
mar
k4.
2
-1.2
-0
.8
3.6
15
.2
2.0
3.
9
-13.
4
-8.2
-6
.0
6.2
7.
6
0.6
3.
2
0.6
2.
8
3.2
-0
.2
3.2
3.
2
Finl
and
5.4
-1
.5
2.1
5.
5
2.2
16
.6
4.9
-1
5.6
-6
.2
3.1
-3
.1
-7.3
-1
.4
3.3
3.
0
3.2
2.
8
4.1
2.
8
2.8
Fr
ance
2.5
0.
8
2.7
2.
6
5.1
8.
2
3.6
-1
1.6
3.
0
4.8
1.
0
-0.9
2.
5
2.9
3.
3
2.4
3.
5
2.1
3.
4
3.5
G
erm
any
0.6
-0
.9
1.6
3.
6
8.5
7.
8
2.1
-1
5.5
6.
2
7.3
-1
.7
-0.8
4.
4
0.9
1.
0
0.6
1.
8
0.1
1.
7
1.9
Ic
elan
d4.
6
18.4
31
.7
54.9
25
.8
-22.
5
-21.
8
-50.
4
0.0
23
.9
7.6
-2
.0
17.5
27
.9
23.0
7.
2
-1.5
11
.0
8.2
-3
.9
Japa
n-1
.2
4.9
3.
5
5.7
4.
0
4.9
-2
.6
-14.
3
0.3
4.
1
3.7
-0
.5
3.1
1.
6
0.3
1.
7
2.1
-0
.4
2.2
1.
9
Kor
ea5.
1
2.2
3.
2
2.0
6.
4
7.6
0.
9
-3.7
14
.2
3.3
0.
2
0.9
3.
3
3.5
3.
3
1.9
2.
9
3.1
2.
2
3.3
N
ethe
rland
s3.
6
-1.6
0.
0
3.2
7.
1
8.9
6.
1
-10.
5
-3.0
12
.8
-3.9
-2
.4
2.8
7.
5
4.0
2.
7
4.7
0.
2
4.1
5.
0
New
Zea
land
6.9
16
.0
14.6
7.
4
0.7
11
.6
-0.1
-2
1.3
-0
.7
13.1
10
.5
4.1
11
.0
-0.3
5.
3
6.1
6.
9
7.0
6.
8
6.8
Nor
way
4.0
-3
.4
10.7
16
.7
10.9
15
.4
2.2
-1
0.4
-8
.9
6.2
9.
4
5.1
-1
.9
-7.8
-5
.5
-1.5
1.
2
-3.3
-0
.7
2.0
S
wed
en5.
2
3.2
4.
7
5.1
9.
5
10.2
4.
0
-15.
2
3.5
7.
2
2.9
0.
8
4.3
6.
0
5.2
2.
7
2.7
2.
3
2.8
2.
7
Sw
itzer
land
3.0
-3
.8
5.7
4.
7
7.1
7.
2
0.5
-1
0.6
4.
1
5.1
3.
9
1.4
3.
4
1.8
2.
3
1.6
2.
2
2.3
2.
0
2.4
U
nite
d K
ingd
om3.
9
-0.3
-3
.5
15.7
-7
.3
9.2
-1
.1
-16.
0
6.0
4.
3
7.2
2.
6
3.9
5.
1
-1.1
-2
.4
-4.9
0.
0
-4.1
-5
.3
Uni
ted
Sta
tes
6.8
1.
9
5.2
7.
0
7.1
5.
9
-0.7
-1
5.6
2.
5
7.7
9.
0
3.5
6.
0
2.1
-0
.4
2.9
5.
9
0.5
3.
3
7.3
Not
e:
Sou
rce:
OE
CD
Eco
nom
ic O
utlo
ok 1
00 d
atab
ase.
2015
2004
2005
Q4
/ Q4
2006
2011
The
adop
tion
of n
atio
nal a
ccou
nts
syst
ems
has
been
pro
ceed
ing
at a
n un
even
pac
e am
ong
coun
tries
, bot
h w
ith re
spec
t to
varia
bles
and
the
time
perio
d co
vere
d. A
s a
cons
eque
nce,
ther
e ar
e br
eaks
in m
any
natio
nal s
erie
s. F
or fu
rther
in
form
atio
n, s
ee ta
ble
�Nat
iona
l Acc
ount
s R
e por
ting
Sys
tem
s, b
ase
year
s an
d la
test
dat
a up
date
s� a
t the
beg
inni
ng o
f the
Sta
tistic
al A
nnex
.
2003
2017
2007
2008
2009
2010
2018
2012
2013
2016
2014
OECD ECONOMIC OUTLOOK, VOLUME 2016 ISSUE 2 © OECD 2016 – PRELIMINARY VERSION272
Page 15
STATISTICAL ANNEX
An
nex
Tabl
e7.
Rea
lgro
ssre
sid
enti
alfi
xed
cap
ital
form
atio
n
1 2
htt
p://
dx.d
oi.o
rg/1
0.17
87/8
8893
3438
076
Per
cent
age
chan
ges
Ave
rage
2016
2017
2018
1992
-02
Aus
tralia
4.9
5.
2
5.8
-1
.9
-3.1
2.
2
2.4
-4
.7
5.7
-0
.8
-6.8
2.
3
7.5
9.
7
7.7
6.
0
3.5
6.
9
6.0
2.
0
Aus
tria
0.6
-4
.1
0.8
1.
4
0.5
1.
9
0.7
-1
.6
0.7
2.
9
-1.3
-0
.1
-0.6
0.
9
2.0
2.
3
1.6
2.
5
1.9
1.
6
Bel
gium
-0.6
4.
7
3.9
15
.6
4.8
4.
7
-2.2
-1
0.4
1.
8
-2.5
-0
.1
-3.9
4.
7
0.8
5.
0
1.8
1.
8
3.9
1.
6
1.9
C
anad
a3.
0
3.5
8.
3
4.9
2.
4
2.6
-4
.1
-5.8
7.
7
1.3
5.
8
-0.3
2.
5
3.6
3.
7
0.8
-0
.4
3.5
0.
2
-0.5
Den
mar
k4.
8
13.4
12
.2
16.6
11
.4
-5.5
-1
6.7
-2
0.4
-8
.9
15.7
-5
.4
-7.8
8.
6
3.7
4.
6
2.9
4.
1
3.7
4.
1
4.1
Fi
nlan
d2.
8
11.3
11
.2
5.0
3.
8
-0.3
-1
0.6
-1
3.9
24
.1
5.3
-3
.5
-5.3
-6
.9
0.0
8.
2
2.1
2.
1
5.5
2.
5
2.0
Fr
ance
2.6
2.
7
4.0
4.
3
4.9
2.
6
-4.0
-1
1.9
1.
6
1.1
-2
.0
-0.3
-3
.3
-0.7
1.
5
1.8
1.
9
2.0
1.
5
2.0
G
erm
any
0.3
-1
.9
-4.2
-4
.1
6.8
-1
.5
-4.0
-3
.2
4.1
10
.0
4.2
-0
.7
2.9
1.
0
3.6
2.
9
3.3
3.
4
3.2
3.
2
Gre
ece
0.2
18
.2
16.6
-9
.2
17.6
15
.0
-23.
9
-19.
7
-26.
3
-14.
4
-38.
2
-30.
7
-52.
2
-23.
3
-13.
6
1.5
4.
9
-6.8
4.
1
5.1
Ic
elan
d2.
4
3.7
14
.2
11.9
16
.5
13.2
-2
1.9
-5
5.7
-1
8.0
5.
4
6.9
10
.8
14.8
-3
.1
9.1
15
.6
12.1
-3
.8
29.2
4.
0
Irela
nd9.
1
16.6
11
.9
16.8
3.
8
-8.0
-1
6.9
-3
7.6
-3
2.9
-1
8.7
-2
0.6
6.
0
18.6
4.
2
14.7
6.
1
7.2
17
.2
5.9
7.
4
Italy
0.5
3.
9
2.5
6.
2
5.2
1.
0
-1.9
-9
.3
-0.2
-6
.4
-7.7
-4
.4
-6.9
0.
3
2.2
0.
8
1.5
0.
3
1.1
1.
5
Latv
ia
..
-9.0
62
.0
17.8
34
.4
41.4
-1
1.9
-5
2.4
-2
8.9
1.
3
13.8
-1
.3
9.7
-1
9.5
-7
.5
1.5
7.
7
12.5
7.
1
7.9
Ja
pan
-2.1
-1
.3
1.7
-0
.9
0.6
-9
.8
-6.6
-1
6.6
-4
.5
5.1
3.
2
8.4
-5
.3
-2.5
5.
5
3.3
1.
2
7.3
1.
3
1.1
K
orea
1.8
12
.0
3.1
2.
1
-2.3
-3
.5
-9.4
-2
.5
-12.
0
-8.0
-2
.9
23.4
11
.1
14.2
22
.2
8.4
5.
0
19.6
5.
9
4.7
N
ethe
rland
s2.
0
-4.0
4.
6
5.5
5.
8
5.1
0.
4
-14.
9
-16.
0
-4.4
-1
2.9
-1
2.2
6.
1
27.4
19
.4
8.7
4.
5
20.0
5.
0
4.5
New
Zea
land
4.6
20
.3
3.7
-4
.0
-2.1
3.
1
-18.
1
-14.
1
1.0
0.
9
15.9
13
.1
14.5
6.
1
15.5
10
.4
2.0
19
.9
5.4
0.
8
Nor
way
7.1
1.
8
16.3
9.
7
4.0
2.
7
-9.0
-8
.1
-1.6
17
.0
10.9
5.
3
-1.4
1.
6
8.6
5.
6
3.8
8.
0
4.0
3.
7
Spa
in7.
1
8.2
4.
9
6.5
6.
7
1.3
-9
.2
-20.
3
-11.
6
-13.
3
-10.
3
-10.
2
6.2
3.
1
2.7
2.
9
2.9
2.
1
3.4
2.
6
Sw
eden
-5.4
5.
2
12.7
10
.1
14.5
6.
7
-13.
3
-18.
8
12.5
8.
0
-11.
6
0.9
15
.6
15.7
15
.3
7.9
4.
6
15.1
6.
0
4.0
Sw
itzer
land
-1.1
14
.4
7.0
1.
1
-1.6
-3
.0
-4.2
1.
8
3.5
2.
2
1.5
1.
7
2.3
1.
2
2.5
1.
0
1.4
2.
1
1.4
1.
4
Uni
ted
Kin
gdom
1.0
4.
0
7.0
4.
1
3.3
1.
9
-23.
2
-26.
2
4.8
2.
1
-1.5
9.
5
13.2
3.
1
4.3
-1
.7
-2.2
1.
4
-2.0
-2
.3
Uni
ted
Sta
tes
4.5
9.
1
10.0
6.
6
-7.6
-1
8.8
-2
4.0
-2
1.2
-2
.5
0.5
13
.5
11.9
3.
5
11.7
4.
2
1.5
3.
0
-1.0
3.
5
2.7
Not
e:
Sou
rce:
OE
CD
Eco
nom
ic O
utlo
ok 1
00 d
atab
ase.
The
adop
tion
of n
atio
nal a
ccou
nts
syst
ems
has
been
pro
ceed
ing
at a
n un
even
pac
e am
ong
coun
tries
, bot
h w
ith re
spec
t to
varia
bles
and
the
time
perio
d co
vere
d. A
s a
cons
eque
nce,
ther
e ar
e br
eaks
in m
any
natio
nal s
erie
s. F
or fu
rther
in
form
atio
n, s
ee ta
ble
�Nat
iona
l Acc
ount
s R
e por
ting
Sys
tem
s, b
ase
year
s an
d la
test
dat
a up
date
s� a
t the
beg
inni
ng o
f the
Sta
tistic
al A
nnex
.
2015
2016
2017
2010
2011
2012
2013
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
Q4
/ Q4
2009
2018
2014
OECD ECONOMIC OUTLOOK, VOLUME 2016 ISSUE 2 © OECD 2016 – PRELIMINARY VERSION 273
Page 16
STATISTICAL ANNEX
An
nex
Tabl
e8.
Rea
ltot
ald
omes
tic
dem
and
1 2
htt
p://
dx.d
oi.o
rg/1
0.17
87/8
8893
3438
082
Per
cent
age
chan
ges
Ave
rage
2016
2017
2018
1992
-02
Arg
entin
a
..
13.3
13
.7
9.1
9.
3
11.3
6.
9
-7.9
14
.2
10.2
-1
.3
4.0
-3
.9
3.7
-1
.3
2.9
3.
7
..
..
..
A
ustra
lia4.
2
5.7
6.
1
4.5
3.
5
7.0
3.
5
0.0
3.
9
4.6
4.
1
0.1
1.
1
1.0
1.
3
1.6
2.
4
1.2
2.
1
2.6
A
ustri
a1.
7
2.3
1.
7
2.4
2.
4
2.6
0.
7
-1.6
0.
6
3.1
0.
2
0.0
0.
2
0.6
2.
3
1.7
1.
4
2.5
1.
5
1.3
B
elgi
um1.
7
0.7
3.
5
2.9
1.
9
3.3
2.
1
-1.9
2.
0
2.2
-0
.2
-0.5
2.
2
1.5
0.
5
1.2
1.
4
0.9
1.
3
1.5
B
razi
l
..
-0.1
5.
3
2.7
5.
5
7.9
7.
6
-0.1
11
.1
4.9
2.
0
3.7
0.
0
-6.9
-5
.8
-0.3
1.
0
..
..
..
C
anad
a2.
9
4.0
4.
0
5.0
4.
2
3.6
2.
8
-3.0
5.
3
2.2
2.
1
1.8
1.
4
0.1
1.
8
1.9
1.
9
3.0
1.
8
1.9
C
hile
..
4.
7
8.2
11
.5
8.0
7.
4
8.3
-5
.6
13.6
9.
5
7.5
3.
8
-0.2
2.
2
1.5
1.
8
2.5
2.
4
2.5
2.
5
Chi
na9.
9
10.6
9.
5
8.0
9.
6
11.6
8.
3
16.7
7.
9
9.8
8.
3
8.2
8.
2
9.5
8.
3
6.5
6.
4
7.6
6.
4
6.4
C
olom
bia
..
4.
3
6.1
6.
3
9.0
8.
4
4.7
0.
3
5.8
8.
4
4.7
5.
1
6.1
3.
3
1.1
2.
1
2.4
.
. .
.
..
Cos
ta R
ica
4.1
3.
9
2.9
4.
1
7.4
8.
9
6.1
-4
.9
7.9
5.
6
5.7
1.
6
2.9
4.
8
4.3
4.
6
4.3
.
. .
.
..
Cze
ch R
epub
lic
..
3.6
3.
5
3.3
4.
9
6.5
2.
0
-5.5
1.
8
0.2
-2
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5
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8
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1.4
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9
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land
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way
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7
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9
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9
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7
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6
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witz
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4
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rkey
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8
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9
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5
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6
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3.
5
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3.
9
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ted
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gdom
3.5
3.
5
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7
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5
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2
2.0
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6
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5
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8
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6
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0.
1
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ted
Sta
tes
3.8
3.
1
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3.
5
2.6
1.
1
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-3
.8
2.9
1.
6
2.1
1.
3
2.4
3.
2
1.5
2.
4
3.3
1.
6
2.9
3.
2
Eur
o ar
ea1.
9
1.4
1.
6
2.0
3.
2
2.7
0.
2
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1.
4
0.7
-2
.4
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1.
3
1.7
1.
8
1.6
1.
7
1.4
1.
7
1.7
To
tal O
EC
D2.
8
2.5
3.
4
3.0
3.
1
2.4
-0
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3.
1
1.7
0.
8
1.0
1.
9
2.4
1.
8
2.0
2.
3
1.8
2.
1
2.3
Not
e:
1.
Sou
rce:
OE
CD
Eco
nom
ic O
utlo
ok 1
00 d
atab
ase.
Q4
/ Q4
2016
2017
Fisc
al y
ear.
The
adop
tion
of n
atio
nal a
ccou
nts
syst
ems
has
been
pro
ceed
ing
at a
n un
even
pac
e am
ong
coun
tries
, bot
h w
ith re
spec
t to
varia
bles
and
the
time
perio
d co
vere
d. A
s a
cons
eque
nce,
ther
e ar
e br
eaks
in m
any
natio
nal s
erie
s. F
or fu
rther
in
form
atio
n , s
ee ta
ble
�Nat
iona
l Acc
ount
s R
epor
ting
Sys
tem
s, b
ase
year
s an
d la
test
dat
a up
date
s� a
t the
beg
inni
ng o
f the
Sta
tistic
al A
nnex
.
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2018
2012
2013
2014
2015
OECD ECONOMIC OUTLOOK, VOLUME 2016 ISSUE 2 © OECD 2016 – PRELIMINARY VERSION274
Page 17
STATISTICAL ANNEX
An
nex
Tabl
e9.
Fore
ign
bala
nce
con
trib
uti
ons
toch
ange
sin
real
GD
P
1 2
htt
p://
dx.d
oi.o
rg/1
0.17
87/8
8893
3438
090
Per
cent
age
poin
ts
Ave
rage
2016
2017
2018
1991
-200
2A
rgen
tina
0.8
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0.
4
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-1
.5
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1.
3
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0.0
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0.7
-0
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-0.1
0.
0
-0.2
.
. .
.
..
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tralia
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.2
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2.
6
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-2
.2
0.1
1.
6
1.7
0.
9
1.4
0.
9
0.6
1.
0
0.9
0.
3
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tria
0.6
-1
.2
0.5
0.
6
1.2
1.
0
0.6
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1.2
0.
1
0.3
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0.6
0.
2
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0.0
0.
0
0.0
0.
0
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gium
0.6
0.
1
0.3
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0.7
0.
2
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-0
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0.7
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0.3
0.
4
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0.
0
0.8
0.
1
0.1
0.
1
0.2
0.
0
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zil
0.6
1.
7
0.8
0.
7
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0.0
2.
6
2.3
0.
3
0.2
.
. .
.
..
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ada
..
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0.
4
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1.
0
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2
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7
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5
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le0.
5
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2
0.3
0.
5
0.0
0.
1
0.5
0.
1
0.1
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hina
0.1
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0.8
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6
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3.
5
2.2
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3.2
0.
5
0.2
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1
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1
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0
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ombi
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2
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2
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..
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osta
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a0.
1
0.3
1.
4
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0.5
0.
0
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..
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..
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zech
Rep
ublic
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0
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2
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0.8
0.
5
0.5
1.
8
1.3
0.
1
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0.
1
1.4
0.
1
0.0
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0.0
0.
0
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mar
k
..
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2
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3
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2
0.0
0.
2
0.2
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ston
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4.
9
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0
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0.
8
0.6
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0.
3
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0.
3
0.4
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nlan
d1.
3
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0.
7
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1.
6
1.0
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0.
0
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0.3
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0.3
0.
2
0.4
0.
2
0.3
Fr
ance
0.2
-0
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-0
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-0.3
-0
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-0.1
0.
0
0.5
-0
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-0.5
-0
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-0
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Ger
man
y0.
5
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1.
3
0.6
1.
1
1.6
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1.
2
0.9
1.
4
-0.4
0.
2
0.1
0.
1
0.1
0.
0
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0.
0
0.1
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reec
e-0
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2.
1
0.2
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0.
4
3.0
1.
8
2.7
3.
3
1.4
-0
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1.2
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0.3
0.
3
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0.
6
0.2
H
unga
ry
..
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-0
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2.7
2.
2
1.5
0.
7
2.6
1.
3
2.0
1.
3
0.0
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1.8
0.
7
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elan
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1
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8.4
9.
7
13.1
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3.8
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0.0
0.
6
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1.5
In
dia2
0.0
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0.5
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0.0
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4.
5
0.2
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1.5
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nesi
a-0
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0.8
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0.
2
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1.7
0.
0
0.2
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0.6
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0.9
0.
3
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0.
3
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f the
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nnex
.
2018
2007
2008
2009
2010
2016
2017
2015
2013
OECD ECONOMIC OUTLOOK, VOLUME 2016 ISSUE 2 © OECD 2016 – PRELIMINARY VERSION 275
Page 18
STATISTICAL ANNEX
Annex Table 10. Quarterly demand and output projections
1 2 http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933438105
Percentage changes, seasonally adjusted at annual rates, volume
2016 2017 2018 2016 2017 2018Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Private consumptionCanada 2.2 2.0 2.0 2.1 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.3 1.9 2.1 France 1.4 1.2 1.6 1.2 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.7 1.6 1.7 1.3 1.6 1.6 Germany 1.4 1.6 1.7 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.8 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.2 1.7 1.7 Italy 1.2 0.6 0.7 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.7 0.7 0.7 Japan 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.8 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.3 1.1 0.5 0.4 United Kingdom 2.8 1.8 1.0 1.8 1.5 1.3 1.3 1.1 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.7 2.8 1.3 0.8 United States 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.2 2.5 2.7 3.0 3.5 2.9 2.5 2.5 2.3 2.6 2.9 2.5 Euro area 1.6 1.4 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.5 Total OECD 2.2 2.1 2.2 1.9 2.0 2.2 2.3 2.5 2.3 2.1 2.1 2.0 2.2 2.2 2.1
Public consumptionCanada 2.2 1.8 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 2.7 1.5 1.5 France 1.5 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.5 1.0 1.0 Germany 3.8 2.4 2.0 2.5 2.4 2.2 2.1 2.1 2.0 1.9 1.8 1.7 3.2 2.2 1.8 Italy 0.5 0.7 0.5 0.4 0.8 1.4 1.4 1.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.2 0.0 Japan 1.5 0.0 0.1 -0.1 -0.1 -1.2 0.8 1.0 -0.2 -0.2 -0.2 -0.2 0.9 0.1 -0.2 United Kingdom 1.2 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 1.0 0.5 0.5 United States 0.9 1.3 3.2 0.8 0.8 1.3 2.2 3.4 4.2 4.0 2.7 1.7 0.7 1.9 3.1 Euro area 1.8 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.3 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.4 1.4 1.1 Total OECD 2.0 1.3 1.8 1.4 1.0 1.1 1.6 1.9 2.1 2.0 1.6 1.3 1.7 1.4 1.7
Business investmentCanada -6.5 1.5 2.9 1.5 1.5 1.7 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.3 3.5 3.7 -1.6 1.9 3.4 France 3.3 2.4 3.5 2.5 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 2.1 3.4 3.5 Germany 1.0 0.6 1.8 0.5 1.5 1.7 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.9 1.9 2.0 0.1 1.7 1.9 Japan 0.3 1.7 2.1 1.7 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.3 2.0 1.9 1.9 1.9 -0.4 2.2 1.9 United Kingdom -1.1 -2.4 -4.9 -3.2 -3.6 -3.9 -4.3 -4.7 -4.9 -5.3 -5.4 -5.5 0.0 -4.1 -5.3 United States -0.4 2.9 5.9 3.5 2.9 3.5 3.5 3.5 7.3 7.3 7.3 7.3 0.5 3.3 7.3
Total investmentCanada -1.9 2.1 1.7 2.4 2.3 2.0 1.7 1.4 1.6 1.8 1.9 2.0 1.3 1.9 1.8 France 2.8 2.3 2.9 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.1 2.8 2.9 Germany 2.0 1.4 2.3 1.6 2.1 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.4 0.8 2.3 2.3 Italy 1.9 1.1 2.2 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.0 2.2 2.4 2.5 2.5 1.0 1.6 2.4 Japan 0.6 1.6 0.1 1.7 2.9 1.7 -0.6 -1.0 0.2 0.5 0.5 0.3 1.2 0.7 0.4 United Kingdom 1.2 -0.9 -3.0 -1.9 -2.2 -2.4 -2.7 -2.9 -3.0 -3.2 -3.3 -3.3 2.1 -2.5 -3.2 United States 0.6 2.3 5.3 3.0 2.9 3.3 3.9 4.2 6.5 6.1 5.7 5.6 -0.1 3.5 6.0 Euro area 3.0 2.5 3.0 2.2 2.6 2.7 2.9 3.0 3.0 3.1 3.1 3.1 2.3 2.8 3.1 Total OECD 1.4 2.2 3.2 2.7 2.5 2.5 2.4 2.5 3.7 3.6 3.6 3.5 1.4 2.5 3.6
Note:
Source: OECD Economic Outlook 100 database.
2016 2017 2018
The adoption of national accounts systems has been proceeding at an uneven pace among countries, both with respect to variables and the time periodcovered. As a consequence, there are breaks in many national series. For further information, see table �National Accounts Reporting Systems, baseyears and latest data updates� at the beginning of the Statistical Annex.
Q4 / Q4
OECD ECONOMIC OUTLOOK, VOLUME 2016 ISSUE 2 © OECD 2016 – PRELIMINARY VERSION276
Page 19
STATISTICAL ANNEX
Annex Table 10. Quarterly demand and output projections (cont.)
1 2 http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933438105
Percentage changes, seasonally adjusted at annual rates, volume
2016 2017 2018 2016 2017 2018Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Total domestic demandCanada 1.8 1.9 1.9 1.7 1.9 1.9 1.8 1.7 1.9 1.9 1.9 2.0 3.0 1.8 1.9 France 1.8 1.5 1.7 1.4 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.3 1.7 1.8 Germany 1.7 1.7 1.9 1.8 2.0 2.0 2.0 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.1 2.0 1.9 Italy 0.9 0.8 0.9 0.5 0.7 1.0 1.1 1.1 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.7 1.0 0.8 Japan 0.5 0.6 0.3 0.8 0.9 0.5 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 1.0 0.5 0.3 United Kingdom 1.7 0.8 0.2 0.9 0.7 0.5 0.5 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.0 1.6 0.5 0.1 United States 1.5 2.4 3.3 2.2 2.3 2.6 3.0 3.6 3.8 3.3 3.1 2.8 1.6 2.9 3.2 Euro area 1.8 1.6 1.7 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.8 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.4 1.7 1.7 Total OECD 1.8 2.0 2.3 2.0 1.9 2.1 2.2 2.4 2.5 2.3 2.3 2.2 1.8 2.1 2.3
Exports of goods and servicesCanada 0.5 2.9 4.7 4.0 3.6 3.9 4.5 4.7 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 0.0 4.2 4.9 France 1.0 3.2 3.2 4.0 3.6 3.3 3.0 3.2 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.3 1.4 3.3 3.3 Germany 2.7 2.7 2.8 2.2 2.8 3.0 3.1 3.0 2.4 2.7 2.9 3.1 3.7 3.0 2.8 Italy 1.8 3.0 3.0 2.3 2.6 2.8 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 2.2 2.8 3.0 Japan -0.4 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.1 2.9 2.6 2.7 3.1 3.3 3.5 3.5 1.3 2.8 3.3 United Kingdom 2.7 3.2 4.0 3.8 3.8 3.9 3.9 3.9 4.0 4.0 4.1 4.1 0.7 3.9 4.0 United States 0.9 3.5 3.0 3.5 2.0 2.5 2.5 3.0 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.6 2.5 3.2 Total OECD1 2.4 3.5 3.7 4.2 3.1 3.1 3.2 3.5 3.8 3.9 4.0 3.9 3.0 3.2 3.9
Imports of goods and servicesCanada -1.0 2.2 3.1 1.5 2.5 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.1 1.3 2.9 3.1 France 2.9 3.6 3.4 4.1 3.7 3.5 3.2 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.4 1.8 3.4 3.4 Germany 2.9 3.0 3.5 3.0 3.3 3.5 3.6 3.5 3.4 3.4 3.5 3.5 2.6 3.5 3.4 Italy 2.2 3.0 2.9 2.7 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.8 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 2.1 2.8 3.0 Japan -1.6 1.6 1.0 3.8 3.6 1.7 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.0 0.9 0.9 -0.9 1.8 1.0 United Kingdom 2.4 1.5 1.5 2.8 2.6 2.3 2.2 1.7 1.4 1.3 1.0 1.1 0.7 2.2 1.2 United States 0.9 4.4 5.4 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.5 5.6 5.6 5.6 1.7 5.0 5.6 Total OECD1 2.6 3.6 3.9 4.7 3.7 3.2 3.3 3.6 4.2 4.3 4.3 4.1 2.7 3.5 4.2
GDPCanada 1.2 2.1 2.3 2.4 2.2 2.1 2.2 2.2 2.4 2.4 2.5 2.5 1.7 2.2 2.4 France 1.2 1.3 1.6 1.2 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.1 1.5 1.6 Germany 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.5 1.8 1.9 1.9 1.8 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.8 1.7 1.9 1.7 Italy 0.8 0.9 1.0 0.5 0.7 1.0 1.2 1.2 1.0 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.8 1.1 0.9 Japan 0.8 1.0 0.8 0.9 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.9 1.5 0.8 0.9 United Kingdom 2.0 1.2 1.0 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.9 1.0 1.0 United States 1.5 2.3 3.0 2.0 1.9 2.3 2.7 3.3 3.4 2.9 2.7 2.4 1.8 2.5 2.9 Euro area 1.7 1.6 1.7 1.4 1.5 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.7 Total OECD 1.7 2.0 2.3 1.9 1.8 2.1 2.2 2.4 2.4 2.3 2.3 2.2 1.8 2.1 2.3
Note:
1. Includes intra-regional trade.Source: OECD Economic Outlook 100 database.
2016 2017 2018
The adoption of national accounts systems has been proceeding at an uneven pace among countries, both with respect to variables and the time periodcovered. As a consequence, there are breaks in many national series. For further information, see table �National Accounts Reporting Systems, baseyears and latest data updates� at the beginning of the Statistical Annex.
Q4 / Q4
OECD ECONOMIC OUTLOOK, VOLUME 2016 ISSUE 2 © OECD 2016 – PRELIMINARY VERSION 277
Page 20
STATISTICAL ANNEX
Annex Table 11. Contributions to changes in real GDP in OECD countries
1 2 http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933438115
2015 2016 2017 2018 2015 2016 2017 2018
Australia Germany Final domestic demand 1.0 2.2 1.6 2.5 Final domestic demand 1.8 1.9 1.6 1.8 Stockbuilding 0.0 -0.9 0.0 0.0 Stockbuilding -0.4 -0.3 0.0 0.0 Net exports 0.9 1.4 0.9 0.6 Net exports 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 GDP 2.4 2.7 2.6 3.1 GDP 1.5 1.7 1.7 1.7 Austria Greece Final domestic demand 0.5 1.8 1.5 1.3 Final domestic demand 0.3 -0.6 0.9 1.6 Stockbuilding 0.1 0.4 0.2 0.0 Stockbuilding -1.7 1.3 -0.1 0.0 Net exports 0.2 -0.8 -0.2 0.0 Net exports 1.2 -1.6 0.3 0.3 GDP 0.8 1.5 1.5 1.3 GDP -0.3 0.0 1.3 1.9 Belgium Hungary Final domestic demand 1.2 1.1 1.3 1.4 Final domestic demand 2.3 -0.5 3.3 3.3 Stockbuilding 0.3 -0.7 -0.1 0.0 Stockbuilding -1.0 1.8 -0.3 0.0 Net exports 0.0 0.8 0.1 0.1 Net exports 1.8 0.7 -0.4 -1.1 GDP 1.5 1.2 1.3 1.5 GDP 3.1 1.7 2.5 2.2 Canada Iceland Final domestic demand 0.3 1.3 2.0 1.9 Final domestic demand 5.9 7.3 4.0 2.0 Stockbuilding -0.3 0.5 -0.1 0.0 Stockbuilding -1.0 -0.7 0.0 0.0 Net exports 1.0 0.5 0.2 0.4 Net exports -1.5 -3.0 0.0 0.6 GDP 1.1 1.2 2.1 2.3 GDP 4.2 4.7 4.1 2.5 Chile Ireland Final domestic demand 1.6 2.3 2.2 2.5 Final domestic demand 8.9 3.4 2.8 2.1 Stockbuilding 0.4 -1.0 -0.4 0.0 Stockbuilding -0.6 0.3 0.0 0.0 Net exports 0.3 0.5 0.0 0.1 Net exports 18.4 0.1 0.3 0.2 GDP 2.3 1.7 2.5 2.6 GDP 26.3 4.3 3.2 2.3 Czech Republic Israel Final domestic demand 4.1 0.7 2.4 2.6 Final domestic demand 3.1 6.2 4.5 3.4 Stockbuilding 0.3 0.3 0.0 0.0 Stockbuilding 0.6 -1.4 0.2 0.0 Net exports 0.1 1.4 0.1 0.0 Net exports -1.2 -1.5 -1.3 -0.2 GDP 4.5 2.4 2.5 2.6 GDP 2.5 3.3 3.4 3.3 Denmark Italy Final domestic demand 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.7 Final domestic demand 1.0 1.1 0.7 0.9 Stockbuilding -0.3 -0.3 -0.1 0.0 Stockbuilding 0.0 -0.3 0.1 0.0 Net exports 0.4 -0.2 0.1 0.2 Net exports -0.4 -0.1 0.1 0.1 GDP 1.6 1.0 1.5 1.9 GDP 0.6 0.8 0.9 1.0 Estonia Japan Final domestic demand 2.2 2.4 2.5 2.6 Final domestic demand -0.5 0.7 0.6 0.3 Stockbuilding -1.5 0.8 -0.2 0.0 Stockbuilding 0.6 -0.1 0.0 0.0 Net exports 0.6 -1.8 0.3 0.3 Net exports 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.3 GDP 1.5 1.1 2.4 2.9 GDP 0.6 0.8 1.0 0.8 Finland Korea Final domestic demand 1.0 1.8 0.5 0.9 Final domestic demand 2.7 3.3 2.6 2.8 Stockbuilding 0.4 -0.4 0.4 0.0 Stockbuilding 0.9 0.0 0.1 0.0 Net exports -0.8 -0.2 0.3 0.2 Net exports -1.1 -0.4 0.0 0.2 GDP 0.2 0.9 0.9 1.1 GDP 2.6 2.7 2.6 3.0
France Latvia Final domestic demand 1.4 1.7 1.4 1.8 Final domestic demand 3.5 -1.6 3.7 4.3 Stockbuilding 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 Stockbuilding -1.1 5.3 -0.3 0.0 Net exports -0.3 -0.6 -0.2 -0.1 Net exports 0.3 -2.0 -0.5 -0.9 GDP 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.6 GDP 2.7 1.1 3.0 3.5
Note:
Source: OECD Economic Outlook 100 database.
The adoption of national accounts systems has been proceeding at an uneven pace among countries, both with respect to variables and the timeperiod covered. As a consequence, there are breaks in many national series. For further information, see table �National Accounts ReportingSystems, base years and latest data updates� at the beginning of the Statistical Annex. Totals may not add up due to rounding and/or statisticaldiscrepancy.
OECD ECONOMIC OUTLOOK, VOLUME 2016 ISSUE 2 © OECD 2016 – PRELIMINARY VERSION278
Page 21
STATISTICAL ANNEX
Annex Table 11. Contributions to changes in real GDP in OECD countries (cont.)
1 2 http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933438115
2015 2016 2017 2018 2015 2016 2017 2018
Luxembourg Sweden Final domestic demand 1.2 1.4 2.5 2.1 Final domestic demand 3.3 3.7 2.7 2.2 Stockbuilding 0.4 0.9 0.1 0.0 Stockbuilding 0.3 0.1 0.0 0.0 Net exports 2.0 1.8 1.5 1.9 Net exports 0.3 -0.6 0.1 0.0 GDP 3.5 3.6 4.0 4.0 GDP 3.9 3.3 2.7 2.2 Mexico Switzerland Final domestic demand 3.2 2.4 2.1 2.2 Final domestic demand 1.2 1.4 1.5 1.8 Stockbuilding -0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 Stockbuilding 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 Net exports 1.2 -0.3 0.1 0.2 Net exports -0.9 0.3 0.2 0.0 GDP 2.5 2.2 2.3 2.4 GDP 0.8 1.6 1.7 1.9 Netherlands Turkey Final domestic demand 2.6 2.1 1.8 1.9 Final domestic demand 5.1 5.0 3.7 4.2 Stockbuilding -0.6 -0.1 0.1 0.0 Stockbuilding -0.5 0.3 -0.1 0.0 Net exports 0.0 0.1 0.1 -0.1 Net exports -0.3 -2.3 -0.3 -0.4 GDP 2.0 2.0 2.0 1.9 GDP 4.0 2.9 3.3 3.8 New Zealand United Kingdom Final domestic demand 2.4 3.9 3.8 2.8 Final domestic demand 2.5 2.3 1.1 0.2 Stockbuilding -0.4 -0.3 0.0 0.0 Stockbuilding 0.0 -0.5 -0.3 0.0 Net exports 1.0 0.1 -0.4 -0.3 Net exports -0.4 0.0 0.4 0.7 GDP 3.0 3.5 3.4 2.6 GDP 2.2 2.0 1.2 1.0 Norway United States Final domestic demand 0.4 1.2 1.6 2.0 Final domestic demand 3.1 2.0 2.5 3.5 Stockbuilding 0.2 0.5 -0.3 0.0 Stockbuilding 0.2 -0.4 0.0 0.0 Net exports 1.0 -1.0 -0.8 -0.6 Net exports -0.7 0.0 -0.2 -0.4 GDP 1.6 0.7 0.5 1.4 GDP 2.6 1.5 2.3 3.0 Poland Final domestic demand 3.5 1.8 3.3 3.3 Stockbuilding -0.2 0.9 0.1 0.0 Net exports 0.6 0.1 -0.1 -0.2 GDP 3.9 2.6 3.2 3.1Portugal Euro area Final domestic demand 2.5 1.2 0.9 1.1 Final domestic demand 1.8 1.8 1.5 1.7 Stockbuilding 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 Stockbuilding -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.0 Net exports -0.8 -0.1 0.1 0.2 Net exports 0.3 -0.1 0.0 0.0 GDP 1.6 1.2 1.2 1.3 GDP 1.9 1.7 1.6 1.7 Slovak Republic Total OECD Final domestic demand 5.7 2.0 3.0 3.1 Final domestic demand 2.3 2.0 2.0 2.3 Stockbuilding -1.1 -0.1 0.0 0.0 Stockbuilding 0.1 -0.2 0.0 0.0 Net exports -0.7 1.2 0.4 0.7 Net exports -0.1 -0.1 0.0 -0.1 GDP 3.8 3.6 3.4 3.8 GDP 2.2 1.7 2.0 2.3 Slovenia Final domestic demand 0.9 0.7 2.1 2.0 Stockbuilding 0.4 0.8 0.0 0.0 Net exports 1.1 0.8 0.4 0.3 GDP 2.3 2.0 2.4 2.3Spain Final domestic demand 3.2 3.0 2.4 2.1 Stockbuilding 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 Net exports -0.1 0.1 0.0 0.1 GDP 3.2 3.2 2.3 2.2
Note:
Source: OECD Economic Outlook 100 database.
The adoption of national accounts systems has been proceeding at an uneven pace among countries, both with respect to variables and the timeperiod covered. As a consequence, there are breaks in many national series. For further information, see table �National Accounts ReportingSystems, base years and latest data updates� at the beginning of the Statistical Annex. Totals may not add up due to rounding and/or statisticaldiscrepancy.
OECD ECONOMIC OUTLOOK, VOLUME 2016 ISSUE 2 © OECD 2016 – PRELIMINARY VERSION 279
Page 22
STATISTICAL ANNEX
An
nex
Tabl
e12
.O
utp
ut
gap
s
1 2
htt
p://
dx.d
oi.o
rg/1
0.17
87/8
8893
3438
129
Dev
iatio
ns o
f act
ual G
DP
from
pot
entia
l GD
P a
s a
per c
ent o
f pot
entia
l GD
P
Aus
tralia
0.2
0.
3
-0.1
0.
7
0.4
1.
0
0.9
0.
4
1.7
1.
0
0.1
-0
.4
-1.0
-0
.6
-1.6
-1
.7
-1.8
-1
.7
-1.5
-0
.8
Aus
tria
1.1
2.
2
1.0
0.
2
-1.2
-0
.9
-0.6
1.
1
2.7
2.
1
-2.9
-2
.4
-0.7
-1
.2
-2.2
-2
.5
-2.7
-2
.2
-1.8
-1
.6
Bel
gium
0.9
2.
1
0.5
0.
2
-1.0
0.
7
0.9
1.
6
3.3
2.
3
-1.3
0.
1
0.7
-0
.3
-1.4
-0
.8
-0.5
-0
.5
-0.4
-0
.2
Can
ada
1.4
3.
3
1.9
2.
1
1.2
1.
6
2.2
2.
3
1.9
0.
7
-4.0
-2
.8
-1.7
-2
.0
-1.7
-1
.0
-1.6
-1
.8
-1.0
-0
.1
Chi
le-3
.1
-2.0
-2
.4
-3.4
-3
.3
-0.4
1.
5
2.9
3.
9
2.7
-2
.5
-0.8
0.
8
2.2
2.
4
1.0
0.
5
-0.5
-0
.4
-0.2
C
zech
Rep
ublic
-1.4
-0
.7
-1.5
-3
.6
-3.7
-2
.5
0.0
3.
3
5.5
5.
5
-1.4
-0
.5
0.1
-2
.0
-3.8
-2
.9
-0.5
-0
.3
0.1
0.
6
Den
mar
k1.
1
2.7
1.
5
0.2
-0
.8
0.5
1.
6
4.3
3.
9
2.3
-3
.5
-2.2
-1
.6
-2.2
-2
.2
-1.6
-1
.1
-1.4
-1
.1
-0.5
E
ston
ia
..
-4.3
-3
.1
-2.7
-1
.1
0.0
4.
4
10.8
14
.3
5.3
-1
0.9
-9
.9
-4.5
-2
.5
-2.9
-1
.9
-1.9
-2
.3
-1.6
-0
.4
Finl
and
-0.1
1.
7
0.8
-0
.5
-1.3
0.
0
0.4
2.
2
5.4
4.
4
-4.9
-2
.4
-0.3
-2
.1
-3.1
-4
.1
-4.2
-3
.6
-3.1
-2
.4
Fran
ce0.
3
1.8
1.
5
0.6
-0
.3
0.6
0.
7
1.7
2.
5
1.1
-2
.8
-1.9
-0
.9
-1.6
-2
.0
-2.3
-2
.2
-2.3
-2
.2
-1.7
G
erm
any
-0.7
0.
6
1.1
0.
0
-1.5
-1
.7
-1.7
0.
7
2.6
1.
8
-4.7
-1
.9
0.6
0.
2
-0.3
0.
3
0.4
1.
1
1.6
2.
4
Gre
ece
-1.9
-1
.8
-1.3
-0
.8
1.7
3.
9
2.7
7.
0
9.4
8.
8
4.7
0.
2
-7.5
-1
2.8
-1
4.7
-1
3.5
-1
3.2
-1
3.0
-1
1.9
-1
0.5
H
unga
ry-2
.0
-1.8
-1
.7
-0.6
-0
.2
1.7
3.
4
5.1
3.
8
3.6
-3
.4
-2.8
-1
.6
-4.0
-3
.2
-0.9
0.
4
0.4
1.
2
1.5
Ic
elan
d0.
4
1.4
1.
7
-0.9
-1
.5
3.0
5.
4
5.6
10
.6
8.5
-1
.2
-6.2
-5
.7
-6.0
-3
.2
-2.8
-0
.5
2.0
3.
9
4.3
Ire
land
4.0
6.
0
5.0
4.
4
2.6
4.
2
5.6
7.
7
8.1
0.
6
-5.4
-4
.5
-5.0
-6
.6
-5.6
0.
0
0.4
1.
9
2.9
3.
2
Isra
el-0
.6
4.2
0.
6
-2.7
-5
.0
-3.4
-2
.7
-1.0
1.
3
0.9
-1
.0
0.7
1.
7
0.2
0.
9
0.8
0.
1
0.2
0.
3
0.3
Ita
ly-0
.8
1.8
2.
1
1.1
0.
2
0.5
0.
7
2.0
2.
7
1.2
-4
.5
-2.9
-2
.3
-4.9
-6
.3
-5.9
-5
.1
-4.2
-3
.3
-2.4
Ja
pan
-5.0
-3
.9
-4.4
-4
.8
-3.8
-2
.0
-1.3
-0
.1
1.5
0.
0
-5.8
-1
.7
-2.4
-1
.0
0.1
-0
.3
0.0
0.
5
1.4
2.
1
Latv
ia-2
.8
-3.7
-3
.9
-3.4
-1
.2
0.6
4.
5
10.8
16
.9
9.3
-7
.3
-10.
8
-6.1
-4
.4
-3.8
-3
.8
-3.2
-4
.1
-3.4
-2
.5
Luxe
mbo
urg
2.4
5.
9
3.3
2.
5
-0.2
0.
3
-0.1
1.
5
6.7
2.
4
-5.9
-3
.0
-3.8
-6
.7
-5.7
-4
.2
-3.5
-2
.8
-1.8
-0
.9
Mex
ico
1.7
3.
4
0.2
-2
.0
-2.8
-1
.2
-0.4
2.
1
2.8
1.
6
-4.9
-2
.2
-0.6
0.
3
-0.8
-1
.3
-1.6
-2
.2
-2.6
-2
.9
Net
herla
nds
2.2
3.
2
2.6
0.
3
-1.4
-1
.4
-1.0
1.
0
3.1
3.
3
-1.8
-1
.5
-0.8
-2
.9
-3.8
-3
.4
-2.5
-1
.5
-0.6
0.
1
New
Zea
land
-0.1
0.
3
-0.9
0.
7
1.8
2.
6
1.8
1.
5
2.6
-0
.3
-1.7
-1
.3
-1.4
-0
.7
-1.2
-0
.6
-0.3
0.
6
1.5
1.
6
Nor
way
10.
8
0.7
-0
.5
-1.9
-3
.7
-1.8
-0
.1
1.8
4.
4
3.0
-1
.2
-1.7
-1
.8
-0.1
0.
1
0.2
-0
.8
-2.1
-2
.3
-1.9
P
olan
d-0
.3
-0.4
-3
.3
-5.5
-5
.3
-3.7
-3
.9
-1.8
0.
9
0.9
-0
.1
0.0
1.
5
-0.1
-1
.7
-1.4
-0
.6
-1.0
-0
.7
-0.5
P
ortu
gal
3.4
4.
3
3.7
2.
3
-0.3
0.
1
-0.3
0.
2
1.8
1.
1
-2.4
-0
.9
-2.8
-6
.3
-6.9
-5
.8
-4.3
-3
.1
-1.8
-0
.5
Slo
vak
Rep
ublic
-4.2
-7
.6
-8.8
-8
.8
-7.6
-6
.5
-3.9
0.
3
6.7
8.
4
-0.8
1.
1
0.4
-1
.2
-2.7
-2
.9
-2.0
-1
.4
-1.1
0.
0
Slo
veni
a-1
.2
-0.8
-1
.5
-1.1
-1
.5
-0.4
0.
6
3.4
7.
5
8.2
-1
.8
-1.4
-1
.3
-4.5
-6
.2
-4.3
-3
.2
-2.3
-1
.1
-0.2
S
pain
-0.9
1.
3
2.2
2.
0
2.2
2.
3
3.0
4.
1
5.1
3.
6
-2.0
-3
.4
-5.3
-8
.7
-10.
8
-10.
0
-7.6
-5
.2
-3.7
-2
.4
Sw
eden
-0.6
1.
1
-0.2
-0
.8
-0.9
0.
4
0.8
3.
3
4.4
1.
2
-5.5
-1
.8
-0.9
-2
.4
-2.7
-1
.9
-0.2
0.
7
1.2
1.
5
Sw
itzer
land
-0.7
1.
4
0.9
-0
.8
-2.5
-1
.8
-0.8
1.
0
2.8
2.
7
-1.5
-0
.6
-0.6
-1
.4
-1.4
-1
.2
-2.1
-2
.1
-2.0
-1
.7
Turk
ey-4
.7
-1.9
-1
0.3
-7
.1
-4.8
0.
7
4.7
6.
9
6.8
2.
9
-5.8
-1
.5
2.1
-0
.5
-1.0
-2
.4
-2.8
-3
.9
-4.5
-4
.5
Uni
ted
Kin
gdom
-0.3
0.
4
0.2
-0
.1
0.9
1.
1
1.9
2.
4
3.1
0.
9
-4.5
-3
.6
-3.2
-3
.1
-2.5
-1
.3
-0.9
-0
.5
-0.8
-1
.3
Uni
ted
Sta
tes
1.6
2.
5
0.5
-0
.3
0.1
1.
5
2.6
3.
0
2.6
0.
1
-4.4
-3
.5
-3.5
-2
.9
-2.9
-2
.2
-1.2
-1
.2
-0.4
1.
1
Eur
o ar
ea-0
.1
1.5
1.
5
0.6
-0
.4
0.0
0.
3
2.0
3.
4
2.2
-3
.3
-2.2
-1
.4
-2.9
-3
.7
-3.2
-2
.6
-1.9
-1
.2
-0.5
To
tal O
EC
D-0
.2
1.1
-0
.1
-0.7
-0
.8
0.4
1.
1
2.2
2.
8
1.1
-3
.9
-2.4
-2
.0
-2.2
-2
.5
-2.1
-1
.5
-1.4
-0
.9
0.0
Not
e:
1. M
ainl
and
Nor
way
.
Sou
rce:
OE
CD
Eco
nom
ic O
utlo
ok 1
00 d
atab
ase.
2008
2011
2003
1999
2004
For m
etho
dolo
gica
l det
ails
see
Sou
rces
& M
etho
ds o
f the
OE
CD
Eco
nom
ic O
utlo
ok (h
ttp://
ww
w.o
ecd.
org/
eco/
sour
ces-
and-
met
hods
.htm
).
2010
2002
2013
2012
2016
2000
2007
2001
2017
2018
2009
2015
2014
2005
2006
OECD ECONOMIC OUTLOOK, VOLUME 2016 ISSUE 2 © OECD 2016 – PRELIMINARY VERSION280
Page 23
STATISTICAL ANNEX
An
nex
Tabl
e13
.G
DP
def
lato
rs
1 2
htt
p://
dx.d
oi.o
rg/1
0.17
87/8
8893
3438
135
Per
cent
age
chan
ges
Ave
rage
2016
2017
2018
1992
-02
Arg
entin
a
..
10.4
9.
3
10.3
13
.7
14.9
23
.2
15.4
20
.9
23.7
22
.3
23.9
40
.3
24.5
38
.9
20.7
15
.5
..
..
..
A
ustra
lia2.
1
3.1
3.
6
4.5
5.
1
4.3
6.
5
0.0
5.
6
4.5
-0
.3
1.3
0.
1
-0.7
0.
3
1.9
1.
8
1.2
2.
0
1.7
A
ustri
a1.
4
1.3
1.
8
2.6
1.
9
2.3
1.
8
1.9
1.
1
1.9
2.
0
1.6
1.
8
1.9
1.
4
1.9
2.
2
1.6
2.
0
2.2
B
elgi
um1.
7
2.0
2.
0
2.1
2.
3
2.1
2.
0
0.8
1.
9
2.0
2.
1
1.2
0.
7
0.9
1.
6
1.7
1.
6
1.8
1.
4
1.7
B
razi
l
..
14.1
7.
8
7.4
6.
8
6.4
8.
8
7.3
8.
4
8.3
7.
8
7.4
6.
9
8.0
8.
4
7.1
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1
..
..
..
C
anad
a1.
7
3.3
3.
3
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6
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0
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9
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2
1.6
1.
8
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5
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0
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9
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C
hile
5.4
5.
0
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1
12.6
4.
8
0.5
3.
9
8.8
3.
3
0.8
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2
5.6
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3
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3.
3
3.5
4.
5
3.0
3.
8
Chi
na5.
8
2.6
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9
3.9
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9
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7.
8
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9
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4
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8
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9
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5
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2
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C
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bia
16.9
6.
8
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6
5.8
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0
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3.
4
3.9
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7
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0
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2.
6
5.2
3.
6
3.6
.
. .
.
..
Cos
ta R
ica
12.9
10
.7
13.3
13
.4
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10
.2
11.3
10
.0
6.6
4.
8
4.3
3.
8
5.7
3.
3
0.8
4.
0
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.
. .
.
..
Cze
ch R
epub
lic
..
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0
0.1
0.
7
3.5
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0
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.5
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5
1.4
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5
1.0
0.
9
1.2
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1
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1.
9
2.0
D
enm
ark
1.8
1.
5
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9
2.1
2.
4
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5
3.2
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6
2.4
0.
9
0.8
0.
9
0.1
1.
3
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0.
5
1.4
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3
Est
onia
..
4.
3
4.8
6.
2
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12
.0
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0.
0
2.2
5.
3
3.2
3.
7
1.9
1.
0
1.7
2.
4
2.6
1.
9
2.7
2.
6
Finl
and
2.0
0.
2
0.6
0.
9
0.9
2.
8
3.1
1.
9
0.4
2.
6
3.0
2.
6
1.7
1.
6
1.2
0.
4
0.7
0.
7
0.6
0.
8
Fran
ce1.
3
1.9
1.
6
1.9
2.
2
2.6
2.
4
0.1
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1
0.9
1.
2
0.8
0.
5
0.6
0.
8
0.8
1.
0
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1.
0
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G
erm
any
1.2
1.
2
1.1
0.
6
0.3
1.
7
0.8
1.
8
0.8
1.
1
1.5
2.
0
1.8
2.
0
1.4
1.
2
1.5
1.
1
1.3
1.
6
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ece
..
3.
4
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1
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3.
5
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2.
7
0.9
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7
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.6
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9
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5
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2
Hun
gary
15.9
5.
5
4.9
2.
4
3.5
5.
4
5.0
4.
0
2.3
2.
2
3.4
2.
9
3.4
1.
7
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2.
2
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-0
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2.5
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2
Icel
and
3.9
0.
4
2.6
2.
4
8.4
4.
3
12.0
10
.4
5.4
3.
0
3.3
1.
8
4.1
5.
9
3.4
3.
1
3.8
3.
1
3.7
3.
8
Indi
a16.
7
3.6
5.
6
4.2
6.
4
5.8
8.
7
6.1
9.
0
8.5
7.
9
6.2
3.
3
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3.
8
4.4
4.
3
..
..
..
In
done
sia
..
5.
5
8.6
14
.3
14.1
11
.3
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6.
0
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5
3.8
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0
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2
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8
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.
. .
.
..
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nd4.
3
3.3
0.
5
3.0
2.
7
2.7
-0
.5
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-3
.5
3.6
2.
6
1.4
-1
.2
4.9
0.
1
3.6
3.
0
1.2
1.
6
3.5
Is
rael
..
-0
.4
0.2
1.
2
1.6
0.
8
2.3
3.
9
1.6
1.
8
3.8
2.
1
1.1
2.
8
1.7
1.
4
1.5
1.
6
1.1
1.
6
Italy
3.2
3.
2
2.5
1.
9
1.9
2.
4
2.5
2.
0
0.3
1.
5
1.4
1.
2
0.9
0.
6
1.2
0.
8
1.0
1.
0
0.9
1.
0
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n-0
.5
-1.7
-1
.4
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.1
-0.9
-1
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.2
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-0
.9
-0.6
1.
7
2.0
0.
4
0.0
0.
7
-0.1
0.
4
0.9
K
orea
4.0
3.
4
3.0
1.
0
-0.1
2.
4
3.0
3.
5
3.2
1.
6
1.0
0.
9
0.6
2.
2
1.8
1.
3
1.8
2.
5
1.6
1.
9
Latv
ia
..
4.9
6.
8
11.2
12
.4
20.1
11
.8
-9.8
-1
.0
6.4
3.
6
1.3
1.
5
0.4
1.
4
2.0
2.
1
1.4
2.
2
2.0
Li
thua
nia
..
-0
.8
2.7
7.
0
6.7
8.
6
9.7
-3
.3
2.3
5.
2
2.7
1.
4
1.0
0.
2
0.2
2.
6
2.7
.
. .
.
..
Luxe
mbo
urg
2.0
3.
0
2.4
4.
1
6.9
1.
5
3.3
1.
8
4.1
5.
2
2.4
1.
3
1.5
0.
4
-1.5
2.
1
2.1
-1
.4
2.4
2.
0
Mex
ico
14.8
6.
0
8.6
5.
1
6.3
4.
9
6.3
3.
3
4.5
5.
3
3.5
1.
5
4.7
2.
5
3.7
3.
3
3.2
3.
6
3.9
2.
7
Net
herla
nds
2.5
2.
1
1.5
1.
9
2.5
2.
1
2.5
0.
4
0.9
0.
1
1.4
1.
3
0.2
0.
1
0.6
0.
8
1.3
0.
2
1.1
1.
4
New
Zea
land
1.7
1.
4
3.4
2.
5
2.3
4.
3
3.9
0.
9
2.9
2.
9
-0.3
3.
0
2.0
0.
2
1.9
2.
0
2.0
3.
3
2.0
2.
0
Nor
way
3.3
2.
9
5.8
8.
8
8.8
3.
1
10.4
-5
.2
6.0
6.
8
3.4
2.
5
0.3
-2
.3
-1.7
1.
7
1.6
-1
.1
2.3
1.
6
Pol
and
15.2
0.
8
4.9
2.
6
1.7
3.
7
3.9
3.
8
1.7
3.
2
2.3
0.
3
0.5
0.
6
0.4
1.
3
1.5
-0
.1
1.4
1.
6
Por
tuga
l4.
3
3.4
2.
4
3.3
3.
2
3.0
1.
7
1.1
0.
6
-0.3
-0
.4
2.3
0.
8
2.1
1.
5
0.9
1.
1
1.0
1.
1
1.1
R
ussi
a
..
14.0
20
.3
19.3
15
.2
13.8
18
.0
2.0
14
.2
15.9
8.
3
4.8
9.
0
7.7
5.
9
6.9
6.
2
..
..
..
S
lova
k R
epub
lic
..
5.4
5.
8
2.4
2.
9
1.1
2.
8
-1.2
0.
5
1.6
1.
3
0.5
-0
.2
-0.2
-0
.2
0.9
1.
6
0.0
1.
2
1.7
S
love
nia
..
5.
7
3.3
1.
6
2.2
4.
2
4.5
3.
4
-1.0
1.
1
0.3
0.
9
0.8
1.
0
0.8
1.
1
1.5
0.
6
1.4
1.
7
Sou
th A
frica
9.2
5.
8
6.5
5.
4
6.3
8.
8
8.8
7.
5
6.4
6.
5
5.0
6.
6
5.5
5.
0
6.7
5.
7
5.3
.
. .
.
..
Spa
in3.
6
3.9
3.
9
4.1
4.
0
3.3
2.
1
0.3
0.
2
0.0
0.
1
0.4
-0
.3
0.5
0.
6
1.2
1.
1
1.2
0.
7
1.3
S
wed
en1.
8
1.7
0.
6
0.8
1.
8
2.8
3.
4
2.4
1.
1
1.2
1.
0
1.1
1.
7
2.1
1.
2
1.8
2.
2
1.4
2.
0
2.2
S
witz
erla
nd0.
6
0.9
0.
3
0.7
1.
9
2.3
1.
8
0.5
0.
3
0.2
-0
.2
0.0
-0
.6
-0.5
-0
.9
0.2
0.
6
-0.7
0.
6
0.6
Tu
rkey
67.9
23
.3
12.4
7.
1
9.3
6.
2
12.0
5.
3
5.7
8.
6
6.9
6.
2
8.3
7.
4
6.9
7.
4
7.4
7.
8
5.8
8.
4
Uni
ted
Kin
gdom
1.9
2.
4
2.4
2.
7
2.9
2.
5
2.8
1.
5
1.5
2.
0
1.5
1.
9
1.6
0.
4
1.5
1.
9
2.2
2.
3
2.1
2.
2
Uni
ted
Sta
tes
1.9
2.
0
2.7
3.
2
3.1
2.
7
2.0
0.
8
1.2
2.
1
1.8
1.
6
1.8
1.
1
1.3
1.
9
2.4
1.
5
2.1
2.
6
Eur
o ar
ea2.
1
2.2
1.
9
1.9
1.
9
2.4
2.
0
1.0
0.
7
1.1
1.
3
1.2
0.
9
1.1
1.
0
1.1
1.
3
0.9
1.
1
1.4
To
tal O
EC
D3.
8
2.3
2.
5
2.4
2.
5
2.5
2.
4
1.0
1.
3
1.8
1.
5
1.4
1.
7
1.3
1.
3
1.7
2.
1
1.5
1.
8
2.2
Not
e:
1. F
isca
l yea
r.
Sou
rce:
OE
CD
Eco
nom
ic O
utlo
ok 1
00 d
atab
ase.
2017
2013
2014
2015
The
adop
tion
of n
atio
nal a
ccou
nts
syst
ems
has
been
pro
ceed
ing
at a
n un
even
pac
e am
ong
coun
tries
, bot
h w
ith re
spec
t to
varia
bles
and
the
time
perio
d co
vere
d. A
s a
cons
eque
nce,
ther
e ar
e br
eaks
in m
any
natio
nal s
erie
s. F
or fu
rther
in
form
atio
n, s
ee ta
ble
�Nat
iona
l Acc
ount
s R
epor
ting
Sys
tem
s, b
ase
year
s an
d la
test
dat
a up
date
s� a
t the
beg
inni
ng o
f the
Sta
tistic
al A
nnex
.
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2018
2010
2011
2016
2012
Q4
/ Q4
OECD ECONOMIC OUTLOOK, VOLUME 2016 ISSUE 2 © OECD 2016 – PRELIMINARY VERSION 281
Page 24
STATISTICAL ANNEX
An
nex
Tabl
e14
.Pr
ivat
eco
nsu
mp
tion
def
lato
rs
1 2
htt
p://
dx.d
oi.o
rg/1
0.17
87/8
8893
3438
140
Per
cent
age
chan
ges
Ave
rage
2016
2017
2018
1992
-02
Arg
entin
a
..
13.5
8.
1
9.6
11
.2
13.3
20
.5
14.6
22
.1
19.9
21
.0
24.5
41
.7
23.9
41
.0
39.3
30
.6
..
..
..
A
ustra
lia2.
2
2.3
1.
5
2.2
3.
6
3.2
3.
2
2.5
2.
3
2.5
2.
5
2.5
2.
1
1.5
1.
1
1.7
2.
2
1.1
1.
9
2.3
A
ustri
a1.
6
1.5
1.
8
2.5
2.
1
2.5
2.
2
0.5
1.
7
3.2
2.
4
2.2
2.
1
1.4
1.
3
2.1
2.
1
1.6
2.
1
2.1
B
elgi
um1.
9
1.6
2.
4
2.7
3.
1
2.9
3.
2
-0.4
1.
7
3.0
2.
0
0.8
0.
7
0.3
1.
7
1.7
1.
7
1.9
1.
5
1.8
B
razi
l
..
15.9
6.
8
6.7
5.
3
5.1
7.
1
6.5
6.
7
7.5
8.
1
7.3
6.
9
9.8
9.
7
7.6
6.
6
..
..
..
C
anad
a1.
7
1.7
1.
5
1.7
1.
3
1.6
1.
5
0.2
1.
4
2.1
1.
3
1.4
1.
9
1.1
1.
0
1.6
1.
9
0.8
1.
8
2.1
C
hile
..
2.
7
0.7
4.
1
3.2
3.
9
7.5
1.
3
3.1
3.
8
2.7
2.
9
5.3
5.
7
4.5
3.
8
3.7
4.
0
3.7
3.
7
Col
ombi
a
..
6.3
5.
8
4.4
4.
6
4.3
5.
8
3.9
2.
4
4.7
2.
7
2.3
3.
5
5.8
7.
3
4.0
3.
7
..
..
..
C
osta
Ric
a12
.8
12.9
14
.3
15.4
13
.9
11.4
12
.4
1.2
5.
3
4.7
2.
3
3.7
4.
2
0.2
-0
.6
1.6
1.
9
..
..
..
C
zech
Rep
ublic
..
0.
1
3.1
1.
1
1.8
3.
0
4.7
0.
9
0.5
1.
4
2.2
0.
8
0.6
0.
1
0.3
1.
4
1.8
0.
6
1.7
1.
8
Den
mar
k1.
9
1.2
1.
2
1.7
2.
2
1.8
2.
9
1.3
2.
5
2.3
2.
4
0.8
0.
8
0.6
0.
5
1.2
1.
7
0.6
1.
3
2.0
E
ston
ia
..
2.1
4.
0
4.4
5.
9
7.8
8.
3
-0.3
3.
9
5.5
3.
8
2.7
0.
5
0.0
0.
7
2.3
2.
6
1.6
2.
5
2.7
Fi
nlan
d1.
8
1.0
0.
3
1.0
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nite
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nite
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tate
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uro
area
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3
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5
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l OE
CD
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4
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3
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5
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4
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7
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1.
7
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1.
3
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2.
3
..
N
ote:
1. F
isca
l yea
r.
Sou
rce:
OE
CD
Eco
nom
ic O
utlo
ok 1
00 d
atab
ase.
2005
2006
2007
2008
The
adop
tion
of n
atio
nal a
ccou
nts
syst
ems
has
been
pro
ceed
ing
at a
n un
even
pac
e am
ong
coun
tries
, bot
h w
ith re
spec
t to
varia
bles
and
the
time
perio
d co
vere
d. A
s a
cons
eque
nce,
ther
e ar
e br
eaks
in m
any
natio
nal s
erie
s. F
or fu
rther
in
form
atio
n, s
ee ta
ble
�Nat
iona
l Acc
ount
s R
epor
ting
Sys
tem
s, b
ase
year
s an
d la
test
dat
a up
date
s� a
t the
beg
inni
ng o
f the
Sta
tistic
al A
nnex
.
2015
2016
2017
2018
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2003
2004
Q4
/ Q4
OECD ECONOMIC OUTLOOK, VOLUME 2016 ISSUE 2 © OECD 2016 – PRELIMINARY VERSION282
Page 25
STATISTICAL ANNEX
An
nex
Tabl
e15
.C
onsu
mer
pri
cein
dic
es
1 2
htt
p://
dx.d
oi.o
rg/1
0.17
87/8
8893
3438
159
Per
cent
age
chan
ges
Ave
rage
2016
2017
2018
1992
-02
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entin
a4.
0
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4
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10
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6
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9
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30
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ustra
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3
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6
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9
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7
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5
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3
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1
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8
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7
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7
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9
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8
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7
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8
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6
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6
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8
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6
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8
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9
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2
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7
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..
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9
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3
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5
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6
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4
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4
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5
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0
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3
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1
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4
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8
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7
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6
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0
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9
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7
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4
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1
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1
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0
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9
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6
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9
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3
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0
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6.
8
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2
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5
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9
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9
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2
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6
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6.
8
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4
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4
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4
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4
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4
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9
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.
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3
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7
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9
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3
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8
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7.1
0.
7
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3
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5
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5
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7
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2
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3.1
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8
2.3
2.
2
2.2
2.
0
3.5
0.
8
1.6
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9
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2
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8
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2
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0
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7
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0
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7
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4.2
3.
5
3.6
2.
8
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2.
5
4.7
2.
8
2.9
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0
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1.
3
1.3
0.
7
0.9
1.
5
1.8
0.
8
1.7
1.
9
Latv
ia
..
3.0
6.
4
7.0
6.
5
10.5
14
.9
2.7
-1
.0
4.3
2.
1
-0.1
0.
7
0.3
-0
.2
1.3
1.
9
0.5
1.
4
2.1
Li
thua
nia
..
-1
.1
1.2
2.
7
3.8
5.
8
11.1
4.
2
1.2
4.
1
3.2
1.
2
0.2
-0
.7
0.6
2.
3
2.8
.
. .
.
..
Luxe
mbo
urg
..
2.
5
3.2
3.
8
3.0
2.
7
4.1
0.
0
2.8
3.
7
2.9
1.
7
0.7
0.
1
-0.1
1.
4
1.5
0.
3
1.4
1.
7
Mex
ico
15.6
4.
5
4.7
4.
0
3.6
4.
0
5.1
5.
3
4.2
3.
4
4.1
3.
8
4.0
2.
7
2.8
3.
5
3.6
3.
0
3.6
3.
6
Net
herla
nds
2.3
2.
2
1.4
1.
5
1.6
1.
6
2.2
1.
0
0.9
2.
5
2.8
2.
6
0.3
0.
2
0.0
1.
0
1.5
0.
0
1.2
1.
7
New
Zea
land
1.9
1.
8
2.3
3.
0
3.4
2.
4
4.0
2.
1
2.3
4.
0
1.1
1.
1
1.2
0.
3
0.5
1.
0
1.5
0.
8
1.2
1.
6
Nor
way
2.2
2.
5
0.5
1.
5
2.3
0.
7
3.8
2.
2
2.4
1.
3
0.7
2.
1
2.0
2.
2
3.6
2.
4
1.9
3.
7
1.9
2.
0
Pol
and
16.3
0.
7
3.4
2.
2
1.3
2.
5
4.2
3.
8
2.6
4.
2
3.6
1.
0
0.1
-0
.9
-0.8
1.
1
1.7
-0
.3
1.5
1.
8
Por
tuga
l3.
5
3.2
2.
5
2.1
3.
0
2.4
2.
7
-0.9
1.
4
3.6
2.
8
0.4
-0
.2
0.5
0.
7
1.1
1.
1
1.0
1.
0
1.2
R
ussi
a
..
13.7
10
.9
12.7
9.
7
9.0
14
.1
11.6
6.
8
8.4
5.
1
6.8
7.
8
15.5
7.
2
5.9
5.
0
..
..
..
S
lova
k R
epub
lic
..
8.4
7.
5
2.8
4.
3
1.9
3.
9
0.9
0.
7
4.1
3.
7
1.5
-0
.1
-0.3
-0
.5
0.8
1.
4
-0.4
1.
2
1.5
S
love
nia
..
5.
7
3.7
2.
5
2.5
3.
8
5.5
0.
9
2.1
2.
1
2.8
1.
9
0.4
-0
.8
-0.2
0.
8
1.2
0.
3
0.8
1.
6
Sou
th A
frica
..
5.
9
1.4
3.
4
4.6
7.
1
11.0
7.
1
4.3
5.
0
5.7
5.
8
6.1
4.
6
6.6
6.
1
5.7
.
. .
.
..
Spa
in
..
3.1
3.
1
3.4
3.
6
2.8
4.
1
-0.2
2.
0
3.0
2.
4
1.5
-0
.2
-0.6
-0
.3
1.5
1.
3
0.7
0.
9
1.6
S
wed
en3
1.6
1.
9
0.4
0.
5
1.4
2.
2
3.4
-0
.5
1.2
3.
0
0.9
0.
0
-0.2
0.
0
0.9
1.
5
2.0
1.
2
1.7
2.
3
Sw
itzer
land
1.1
0.
6
0.8
1.
2
1.1
0.
7
2.4
-0
.5
0.7
0.
2
-0.7
-0
.2
0.0
-1
.1
-0.4
0.
3
0.5
0.
0
0.4
0.
5
Turk
ey72
.1
21.6
8.
6
8.2
9.
6
8.8
10
.4
6.3
8.
6
6.5
8.
9
7.5
8.
9
7.7
7.
9
7.7
7.
3
8.1
7.
4
7.0
U
nite
d K
ingd
om1.
8
1.4
1.
3
2.0
2.
3
2.3
3.
6
2.2
3.
3
4.5
2.
8
2.6
1.
5
0.1
0.
6
2.4
2.
9
1.2
2.
8
2.8
U
nite
d S
tate
s2.
5
2.3
2.
7
3.4
3.
2
2.9
3.
8
-0.3
1.
6
3.1
2.
1
1.5
1.
6
0.1
1.
2
1.9
2.
2
1.4
1.
9
2.4
E
uro
area
..
2.
1
2.2
2.
2
2.2
2.
1
3.3
0.
3
1.6
2.
7
2.5
1.
3
0.4
0.
0
0.2
1.
2
1.4
0.
6
1.2
1.
5
Not
e: F
or th
e eu
ro a
rea
coun
tries
, the
eur
o ar
ea a
ggre
gate
and
the
Uni
ted
Kin
gdom
: har
mon
ised
inde
x of
con
sum
er p
rices
(HIC
P).
1. E
xclu
ding
rent
, but
incl
udin
g im
pute
d re
nt.
2. F
isca
l yea
r.
3. T
he c
onsu
mer
pric
e in
dex
incl
udes
mor
tgag
e in
tere
st c
osts
.
Sou
rce:
OE
CD
Eco
nom
ic O
utlo
ok 1
00 d
atab
ase.
Q4
/ Q4
2009
2018
2012
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2017
2013
2014
2015
2010
2011
2016
OECD ECONOMIC OUTLOOK, VOLUME 2016 ISSUE 2 © OECD 2016 – PRELIMINARY VERSION 283
Page 26
STATISTICAL ANNEX
An
nex
Tabl
e16
.O
ilan
dot
her
pri
mar
yco
mm
odit
ym
ark
ets
1 2
htt
p://
dx.d
oi.o
rg/1
0.17
87/8
8893
3438
166
2016
2017
20
18
Oil
mar
ket c
ondi
tions
1
D
eman
d
Tota
l OE
CD
48.4
48
.4
48.5
48
.5
49.2
50
.0
50.3
50
.1
50.0
48
.3
46.3
47
.0
46.4
46
.0
46.1
45
.8
46.4
46
.5
46.5
..
o
f whi
ch:
OE
CD
Nor
th A
mer
ica
24.1
24
.3
24.3
24
.3
24.8
25
.6
25.8
25
.7
25.9
24
.6
23.8
24
.3
24.1
23
.7
24.1
24
.2
24.6
24
.6
24.6
..
OE
CD
Eur
ope
15.5
15
.4
15.6
15
.5
15.6
15
.7
15.8
15
.9
15.6
15
.5
14.7
14
.7
14.2
13
.8
13.6
13
.5
13.7
13
.9
13.9
..
OE
CD
Asi
a an
d P
acifi
c8.
8 8.
8 8.
6 8.
6
8.8
8.
7
8.7
8.
6
8.5
8.
2
7.8
8.
0
8.1
8.
5
8.3
8.
1
8.0
8.
1
8.0
..
To
tal n
on-O
EC
D27
.9
28.7
29
.4
30.1
31
.0
33.2
34
.3
35.5
37
.0
38.2
39
.1
41.6
42
.9
44.6
45
.9
47.4
48
.7
49.7
51
.0
..
Wor
ld76
.3
77.1
77
.9
78.6
80
.2
83.2
84
.6
85.7
87
.0
86.5
85
.5
88.6
89
.3
90.5
92
.0
93.2
95
.0
96.3
97
.5
..
Supp
ly
Tota
l OE
CD
21.4
21
.9
21.7
21
.7
21.4
21
.1
20.2
19
.8
19.4
18
.7
18.8
18
.9
18.9
19
.8
21.0
22
.9
23.9
23
.3
23.3
..
To
tal O
PE
C
31.4
32
.5
31.9
30
.3
32.5
34
.7
36.2
36
.4
36.2
37
.4
35.4
35
.9
37.0
38
.7
37.7
37
.7
39.0
..
..
..
Fo
rmer
US
SR
7.5
8.0
8.6
9.5
10
.5
11.4
11
.8
12.3
12
.8
12.8
13
.2
13.5
13
.5
13.6
13
.8
13.9
14
.0
14.2
14
.5
..
Res
t of t
he w
orld
14.8
15
.0
15.2
15
.7
16.0
16
.2
16.6
17
.0
17.2
17
.7
18.1
18
.9
19.0
18
.6
18.8
19
.3
19.6
..
..
..
W
orld
75.1
77
.3
77.5
77
.3
80.4
83
.4
84.8
85
.5
85.6
86
.6
85.4
87
.2
88.3
90
.7
91.4
93
.8
96.6
..
..
..
Tr
ade
O
EC
D n
et im
ports
26.2
26
.7
27.1
26
.5
28.0
29
.1
30.4
30
.6
30.4
29
.9
27.6
28
.2
27.2
26
.3
25.0
23
.3
23.2
..
..
..
F
orm
er U
SS
R n
et e
xpor
ts3.
8 4.
2 4.
9 5.
8
6.6
7.
6
8.0
8.
3
8.7
8.
6
9.2
9.
2
8.9
8.
9
9.1
8.
9
9.1
9.
1
9.4
..
O
ther
non
-OE
CD
net
exp
orts
22.4
22
.5
22.2
20
.7
21.4
21
.5
22.4
22
.3
21.6
21
.3
18.4
19
.0
18.3
17
.4
15.9
14
.4
14.1
..
..
..
Pric
es2
B
rent
cru
de o
il pr
ice3
17.9
28
.4
24.5
25
.0
28.8
38
.3
54.4
65
.2
72.5
97
.0
61.5
79
.5
111.
2
111.
6
108.
7
99.0
52
.4
42.9
45
.0
45.0
Pric
es o
f oth
er p
rimar
y co
mm
oditi
es2
Food
and
trop
ical
bev
erag
es 4
8 4
5 4
246
50
57
56
62
78
10
3
90
100
12
9
120
10
6
104
85
87
90
90
A
gric
ultu
ral r
aw m
ater
ials
57
61
53
51
61
68
70
77
92
88
73
100
12
2
93
85
74
61
59
62
62
Min
eral
s, o
res
and
met
als
33
38
34
33
38
50
59
85
95
98
68
100
11
8
99
96
86
64
60
65
65
T
otal
4 4
3 4
4 4
041
46
56
59
74
88
99
78
10
0
123
10
7
98
91
72
71
75
75
1. B
ased
on
data
pub
lishe
d in
var
ious
issu
es o
f Int
erna
tiona
l Ene
rgy
Age
ncy,
Oil
Mar
ket R
epor
t.
2. I
ndic
es th
roug
h 20
16 a
re b
ased
on
data
com
pile
d by
the
Inte
rnat
iona
l Ene
rgy
Age
ncy
for o
il an
d by
the
Ham
burg
Inst
itute
of I
nter
natio
nal E
cono
mic
s (H
WW
I) fo
r the
pric
es o
f oth
er p
rimar
y co
mm
oditi
es.
3.
Nor
th S
ea D
ated
, Lon
don
clos
e, m
idpo
int.
4.
Sou
rce:
O
EC
D E
cono
mic
Out
look
100
dat
abas
e; a
nd In
tern
atio
nal E
nerg
y A
genc
y, O
il M
arke
t Rep
ort.
2000
2011
2010
2014
2015
2008
OE
CD
cal
cula
tions
. The
tota
l pric
e in
dex
for n
on-e
nerg
y pr
imar
y co
mm
oditi
es is
a w
eigh
ted
aver
age
of th
e in
divi
dual
HW
WI n
on-o
il co
mm
odity
pric
e in
dice
s w
ith th
e w
eigh
ts b
ased
on
the
com
mod
ity's
sha
re in
tota
l non
-ene
rgy
com
mod
ities
wor
ld tr
ade.
2004
2005
Milli
on b
arre
ls p
er d
ay
2007
1999
fob,
US
D p
er b
arre
l
2002
2006
2001
2012
2009
2003
US
D in
dice
s, 2
010
= 10
0
2013
Est
imat
es a
nd
assu
mpt
ions
OECD ECONOMIC OUTLOOK, VOLUME 2016 ISSUE 2 © OECD 2016 – PRELIMINARY VERSION284
Page 27
STATISTICAL ANNEX
An
nex
Tabl
e17
.C
omp
ensa
tion
per
emp
loye
e
1 2
htt
p://
dx.d
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0.17
87/8
8893
3438
177
Per
cent
age
chan
ges
from
pre
viou
s pe
riod
Ave
rage
1989
-199
9A
ustra
lia3.
9
3.7
4.
6
3.6
3.
5
5.2
3.
6
4.5
6.
3
4.0
1.
1
5.3
5.
7
3.6
1.
6
2.5
0.
6
1.4
2.
8
3.5
A
ustri
a3.
5
2.4
1.
5
2.0
1.
7
2.0
2.
1
3.1
3.
0
3.3
1.
6
1.0
2.
1
2.7
2.
1
1.9
1.
9
1.1
1.
3
0.9
B
elgi
um3.
9
2.1
3.
5
3.9
2.
0
1.7
1.
9
3.6
3.
5
3.7
1.
1
1.4
3.
4
3.1
2.
4
1.0
0.
0
0.2
1.
8
2.1
C
anad
a3.
1
5.2
1.
9
1.4
1.
8
4.0
4.
5
4.3
4.
1
3.2
1.
3
1.4
3.
4
3.1
2.
9
3.0
1.
8
1.3
2.
6
3.4
C
zech
Rep
ublic
..
7.
5
8.4
7.
8
7.7
7.
9
3.9
5.
9
6.2
4.
1
-0.6
3.
3
2.9
1.
7
-0.3
2.
6
2.6
3.
4
4.2
4.
6
Den
mar
k3.
5
3.2
4.
1
3.8
3.
6
3.2
3.
4
3.6
3.
8
3.9
2.
8
3.2
1.
4
1.8
1.
1
1.8
1.
9
2.2
2.
2
3.1
E
ston
ia
..
14.6
9.
6
9.2
11
.7
11.8
11
.0
13.8
24
.9
10.3
-3
.2
2.3
0.
4
6.0
3.
9
6.3
6.
4
4.6
4.
0
4.7
Fi
nlan
d3.
8
3.9
3.
6
1.7
2.
2
3.6
3.
5
3.4
3.
3
4.3
2.
0
2.2
3.
6
2.8
1.
3
1.0
1.
6
1.0
0.
9
0.8
Fr
ance
2.4
2.
5
2.8
3.
5
2.9
3.
4
3.0
3.
2
2.5
2.
6
1.6
2.
8
2.3
2.
2
1.6
1.
1
1.1
1.
1
1.3
1.
7
Ger
man
y
..
1.4
1.
9
1.3
1.
5
0.2
0.
2
1.0
0.
9
2.1
0.
2
2.6
3.
0
2.5
1.
8
2.8
2.
4
2.2
2.
8
3.1
G
reec
e
..
5.8
5.
9
11.0
7.
9
3.9
3.
5
3.1
4.
6
3.7
3.
1
-2.0
-3
.8
-3.0
-7
.0
-2.1
-1
.7
-0.2
0.
5
0.9
H
unga
ry
..
15.5
15
.5
11.3
11
.5
9.8
7.
6
5.3
5.
7
7.3
-1
.4
-0.3
3.
0
2.1
1.
8
1.5
1.
6
4.5
4.
9
5.8
Ic
elan
d6.
5
9.0
7.
3
8.8
2.
2
9.8
8.
7
12.4
8.
3
1.9
-3
.2
5.7
9.
3
5.2
5.
6
4.0
5.
5
10.6
6.
4
5.8
Ire
land
..
7.
8
7.8
5.
4
6.5
5.
1
5.6
4.
3
5.7
3.
9
-1.0
-3
.6
0.5
0.
7
1.4
1.
8
2.8
2.
6
2.7
2.
6
Isra
el
..
6.1
2.
6
0.6
-2
.1
0.3
1.
9
5.6
2.
5
2.9
-0
.9
3.8
4.
2
2.4
2.
2
0.9
2.
9
3.1
3.
5
3.8
Ita
ly4.
6
2.5
3.
0
2.4
3.
0
3.2
2.
8
2.3
2.
1
2.9
0.
5
2.3
1.
1
-1.1
0.
8
0.1
0.
8
0.0
0.
6
0.6
Ja
pan
1.2
-0
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-0.9
-2
.1
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-1
.4
-0.1
-0
.9
-1.3
0.
3
-3.8
-0
.1
0.4
0.
4
-0.3
0.
8
0.7
0.
5
1.2
1.
6
Kor
ea10
.7
3.9
7.
2
6.3
7.
2
4.8
5.
8
3.7
4.
6
3.9
2.
2
3.8
3.
7
3.2
2.
2
2.0
2.
1
2.2
2.
7
3.4
La
tvia
..
8.
5
3.4
2.
6
12.0
15
.0
26.4
22
.2
36.7
16
.8
-11.
5
-6.9
2.
6
7.5
5.
7
8.2
6.
9
6.1
5.
0
5.0
Lu
xem
bour
g3.
7
4.8
3.
5
4.1
1.
1
3.8
4.
0
4.3
4.
3
2.7
1.
6
2.7
1.
8
1.8
2.
3
2.7
0.
9
0.6
3.
4
2.9
M
exic
o20
.3
15.9
10
.8
5.5
6.
7
4.4
5.
9
4.6
5.
8
5.4
2.
8
-1.9
5.
8
3.0
3.
5
4.8
3.
1
4.9
4.
8
5.6
N
ethe
rland
s2.
8
5.5
3.
1
4.1
3.
2
3.1
1.
1
1.6
3.
2
3.8
2.
4
0.4
1.
8
2.1
2.
1
1.6
0.
2
1.7
2.
1
2.5
N
orw
ay4.
3
4.9
5.
7
4.4
4.
1
4.2
4.
7
5.5
6.
3
6.3
3.
4
3.1
4.
8
4.6
4.
4
3.2
2.
7
2.4
2.
7
2.9
P
olan
d
..
11.4
10
.0
2.5
1.
6
2.4
2.
1
2.0
5.
8
8.6
3.
2
5.5
5.
3
3.6
1.
7
2.2
1.
2
3.6
4.
7
5.3
P
ortu
gal
..
6.
0
4.2
3.
6
3.6
2.
8
4.7
1.
8
3.5
2.
6
2.4
2.
1
-1.8
-3
.1
3.6
-1
.8
-0.3
1.
3
0.8
1.
1
Slo
vak
Rep
ublic
..
13
.2
5.6
8.
9
8.1
8.
0
9.1
8.
0
8.7
6.
6
2.6
5.
4
2.0
2.
6
2.6
1.
8
3.1
2.
4
3.4
4.
0
Slo
veni
a
..
10.5
11
.6
8.2
7.
9
7.6
6.
2
5.4
6.
1
7.0
2.
3
3.7
1.
7
-1.0
0.
4
1.3
1.
5
1.1
1.
9
3.4
S
pain
5.6
2.
8
3.8
3.
5
2.8
2.
3
2.9
3.
3
4.6
6.
7
4.5
0.
2
0.7
-1
.4
0.3
0.
1
0.9
0.
9
1.6
1.
6
Sw
eden
4.8
6.
8
4.2
3.
2
3.7
4.
3
3.1
3.
1
5.3
3.
7
2.7
2.
2
3.2
3.
0
2.0
2.
2
3.5
2.
2
2.9
3.
3
Sw
itzer
land
..
2.
4
3.8
1.
4
0.1
0.
0
2.5
1.
7
3.1
1.
7
1.0
0.
7
1.3
0.
7
0.7
-0
.5
-0.9
-0
.6
1.1
1.
3
Uni
ted
Kin
gdom
5.4
5.
7
5.8
2.
5
4.8
4.
7
3.5
6.
0
5.4
0.
5
2.3
3.
3
1.1
1.
7
2.1
0.
7
1.3
1.
7
2.3
2.
5
Uni
ted
Sta
tes
3.7
6.
4
3.3
2.
7
3.9
4.
8
3.4
3.
9
4.2
2.
8
0.7
2.
9
2.6
2.
4
1.1
2.
6
2.6
2.
0
3.8
3.
7
Eur
o ar
ea
..
3.0
3.
0
3.0
2.
8
2.4
2.
4
2.6
3.
0
3.5
1.
4
1.8
1.
8
1.1
1.
4
1.4
1.
4
1.3
1.
8
2.0
To
tal O
EC
D5.
1
5.1
3.
7
2.5
3.
1
3.3
3.
0
3.1
3.
5
3.0
0.
8
2.0
2.
5
1.9
1.
4
2.0
1.
8
1.9
2.
8
3.1
Sou
rce:
OE
CD
Eco
nom
ic O
utlo
ok 1
00 d
atab
ase.
2000
2010
2015
2011
2001
2012
2004
2006
2005
2007
2017
2018
2016
2002
2014
2008
2003
2009
2013
OECD ECONOMIC OUTLOOK, VOLUME 2016 ISSUE 2 © OECD 2016 – PRELIMINARY VERSION 285
Page 28
STATISTICAL ANNEX
An
nex
Tabl
e18
.La
bou
rp
rod
uct
ivit
y
1 2
htt
p://
dx.d
oi.o
rg/1
0.17
87/8
8893
3438
186
Per
cent
age
chan
ges
from
pre
viou
s pe
riod
Ave
rage
1989
-199
9A
ustra
lia2.
0
0.8
1.
2
2.0
0.
7
2.2
-0
.1
0.2
1.
4
-0.4
1.
1
0.3
0.
8
2.4
1.
1
2.0
0.
5
1.1
1.
3
1.5
A
ustri
a2.
1
2.7
0.
6
1.6
0.
2
1.8
1.
2
1.8
1.
7
-0.7
-3
.1
1.0
1.
4
-0.3
-0
.3
-0.2
0.
2
0.3
-0
.1
0.0
B
elgi
um1.
7
1.6
-0
.6
2.0
0.
9
2.6
0.
6
1.4
1.
7
-1.0
-2
.1
2.0
0.
4
-0.3
0.
3
1.2
0.
6
0.1
0.
3
0.8
C
anad
a1.
3
2.6
0.
6
0.7
-0
.6
1.4
1.
9
0.9
-0
.2
-0.4
-1
.4
1.6
1.
6
0.5
0.
8
1.8
0.
2
0.6
1.
2
1.4
C
hile
4.4
3.
3
2.1
0.
8
-0.1
4.
1
2.3
4.
0
2.4
0.
3
-0.4
-2
.0
0.7
3.
5
1.9
0.
3
0.8
0.
3
0.8
0.
9
Cze
ch R
epub
lic
..
5.2
3.
3
1.0
4.
4
5.1
4.
4
5.5
3.
4
0.5
-3
.1
3.4
2.
3
-1.2
-0
.8
2.2
3.
1
0.7
2.
1
2.4
D
enm
ark
2.1
3.
0
-0.1
0.
4
1.3
3.
3
0.9
1.
7
-1.3
-1
.6
-2.0
4.
3
1.4
0.
8
0.8
0.
9
0.5
-0
.9
-0.1
0.
6
Est
onia
..
9.
0
5.8
6.
3
5.2
6.
7
6.7
5.
4
7.0
-4
.8
-4.5
7.
0
1.0
2.
5
0.3
1.
9
-1.2
-0
.4
1.9
2.
1
Finl
and
2.8
3.
4
1.1
0.
6
1.9
3.
3
1.2
2.
2
3.0
-1
.5
-6.0
3.
7
1.3
-2
.3
0.0
-0
.2
0.6
0.
4
0.5
0.
7
Fran
ce1.
3
1.5
0.
5
0.6
0.
8
2.5
1.
0
1.4
0.
9
-0.4
-1
.8
1.8
1.
3
-0.1
0.
4
0.2
0.
7
0.5
0.
8
0.9
G
erm
any
..
0.
9
2.1
0.
5
0.4
0.
3
0.9
3.
1
1.6
-0
.5
-5.7
3.
6
2.3
-0
.5
0.0
0.
8
0.6
0.
1
0.5
0.
9
Gre
ece
..
3.
7
3.8
1.
5
4.3
2.
3
-0.1
3.
7
1.8
-1
.5
-3.8
-3
.0
-2.5
-1
.1
0.5
0.
3
-2.2
-1
.7
-0.9
-0
.4
Hun
gary
..
3.
2
3.9
4.
6
3.8
6.
0
4.7
3.
4
0.4
2.
9
-4.2
1.
0
1.6
-1
.7
1.2
-0
.7
0.5
-1
.1
0.8
1.
2
Icel
and
1.1
2.
7
2.1
1.
8
2.3
8.
2
3.2
0.
0
4.7
0.
7
-1.0
-3
.3
1.7
0.
1
1.3
-0
.6
0.8
1.
2
1.3
0.
8
Irela
nd
..
5.2
2.
9
3.9
1.
8
3.3
0.
8
1.2
-0
.6
-3.8
3.
5
6.3
0.
5
-0.5
-1
.4
6.6
23
.2
1.5
0.
9
0.3
Is
rael
..
5.
3
-1.7
-0
.6
0.2
2.
8
0.4
2.
3
1.9
-0
.5
-0.7
2.
4
2.0
-1
.6
1.6
0.
4
0.2
1.
0
1.3
1.
2
Italy
1.3
2.
0
-0.4
-1
.4
-1.2
0.
8
0.6
0.
1
0.1
-1
.3
-3.9
2.
3
0.4
-2
.5
0.0
0.
1
0.1
-0
.6
-0.1
0.
5
Japa
n0.
9
2.5
0.
9
1.6
1.
9
2.2
0.
9
1.2
1.
6
-0.8
-4
.1
5.0
-0
.3
2.1
0.
7
-0.6
0.
2
-0.3
0.
9
1.1
K
orea
5.5
4.
5
2.5
4.
6
3.1
2.
8
2.6
3.
8
4.2
2.
2
1.0
5.
1
1.9
0.
5
1.3
1.
2
1.3
1.
6
1.4
2.
0
Latv
ia
..
9.1
4.
8
5.6
7.
8
8.1
9.
7
5.8
5.
9
-2.8
0.
0
3.1
4.
6
2.5
0.
6
3.5
1.
4
3.9
2.
1
3.0
Lu
xem
bour
g1.
4
2.7
-3
.4
0.7
-0
.5
2.0
0.
4
1.2
3.
8
-5.3
-6
.4
3.9
-0
.9
-2.4
2.
3
2.0
0.
9
0.9
1.
8
1.9
M
exic
o
..
2.7
-0
.6
-2.1
0.
6
0.6
2.
6
1.5
1.
4
-1.1
-3
.4
-2.8
3.
4
-0.7
1.
0
2.6
0.
2
0.8
1.
5
1.4
N
ethe
rland
s1.
3
2.4
0.
2
-0.6
1.
0
3.0
1.
5
1.5
0.
7
0.1
-3
.0
2.0
0.
8
-0.9
1.
0
1.7
1.
0
0.9
0.
9
1.0
N
ew Z
eala
nd1.
2
4.2
-0
.4
2.0
1.
8
1.1
-1
.7
0.5
2.
8
-2.7
2.
4
0.8
0.
6
3.3
-1
.1
-0.2
0.
9
-1.0
0.
2
1.0
N
orw
ay2.
5
2.6
1.
7
1.0
2.
1
3.3
1.
3
-1.0
-1
.1
-2.8
-1
.2
1.1
-0
.5
0.7
-0
.1
0.7
1.
3
0.6
0.
1
0.5
P
olan
d
..
7.2
3.
6
4.6
4.
8
3.9
1.
3
2.9
2.
5
0.5
2.
5
3.1
4.
4
1.5
1.
5
1.5
2.
5
1.5
2.
2
2.6
P
ortu
gal
1.7
1.
6
0.2
0.
4
0.0
2.
5
1.2
1.
2
2.5
-0
.2
-0.3
3.
4
0.1
0.
1
1.8
-0
.5
0.2
-0
.2
0.1
0.
7
Slo
vak
Rep
ublic
..
3.
2
2.7
4.
4
4.3
5.
5
5.1
6.
2
8.5
2.
3
-3.5
6.
7
1.0
1.
6
2.3
1.
1
1.8
1.
4
1.9
2.
4
Slo
veni
a
..
2.6
2.
3
2.3
3.
1
4.0
4.
5
4.0
3.
5
0.7
-6
.2
3.5
2.
3
-1.8
0.
0
2.6
1.
2
0.5
1.
0
1.3
S
pain
1.0
0.
3
0.6
0.
3
-0.1
-0
.6
-0.5
0.
0
0.5
0.
9
2.9
1.
8
1.7
1.
1
0.9
0.
5
0.7
0.
5
-0.1
0.
4
Sw
eden
2.6
2.
4
-0.4
2.
0
3.1
4.
6
2.5
3.
2
1.2
-1
.6
-2.8
4.
7
0.6
-0
.7
0.3
1.
2
2.3
1.
7
1.6
1.
5
Sw
itzer
land
0.7
3.
1
-0.2
-0
.6
0.4
2.
4
2.3
1.
9
1.5
-0
.2
-2.6
2.
5
-0.4
-0
.5
0.4
0.
2
-0.8
-0
.1
0.5
0.
6
Turk
ey2.
0
9.0
-5
.7
6.5
6.
1
7.3
6.
1
5.1
3.
2
-1.1
-5
.1
3.0
2.
5
-1.0
1.
3
-2.0
1.
1
0.7
0.
7
0.9
U
nite
d K
ingd
om1.
9
2.6
1.
9
1.5
2.
4
1.4
1.
8
1.5
1.
7
-1.5
-2
.8
1.7
1.
0
0.2
0.
7
0.7
0.
5
0.6
0.
9
1.3
U
nite
d S
tate
s1.
6
2.3
1.
1
3.0
2.
7
2.7
1.
7
0.9
0.
9
0.4
1.
5
3.2
0.
6
0.6
0.
3
0.6
0.
5
-0.2
0.
7
1.5
E
uro
area
..
1.
6
1.0
0.
4
0.5
1.
4
0.9
1.
7
1.2
-0
.5
-2.7
2.
5
1.3
-0
.5
0.3
0.
6
0.8
0.
2
0.4
0.
7
Tota
l OE
CD
1.8
2.
8
0.8
1.
7
1.9
2.
3
1.7
1.
6
1.4
-0
.2
-1.4
2.
5
1.2
0.
3
0.6
0.
6
0.6
0.
3
0.8
1.
2
Not
e: L
abou
r pro
duct
ivity
mea
sure
d as
GD
P p
er p
erso
n em
ploy
ed.
Sou
rce:
OE
CD
Eco
nom
ic O
utlo
ok 1
00 d
atab
ase.
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2016
2017
2005
2006
2018
2013
2014
2015
2011
2012
2007
2008
2009
2010
OECD ECONOMIC OUTLOOK, VOLUME 2016 ISSUE 2 © OECD 2016 – PRELIMINARY VERSION286
Page 29
STATISTICAL ANNEX
An
nex
Tabl
e19
.Em
plo
ymen
tan
dla
bou
rfo
rce
1 2
htt
p://
dx.d
oi.o
rg/1
0.17
87/8
8893
3438
191
Per
cent
age
chan
ges
from
pre
viou
s pe
riod
Em
ploy
men
tLa
bour
forc
eA
vera
ge
1992
-01
Ave
rage
20
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1320
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2012
2013
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tralia
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ted
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tes
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7
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9
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tal O
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0.8
Sou
rce:
OE
CD
Eco
nom
ic O
utlo
ok 1
00 d
atab
ase.
OECD ECONOMIC OUTLOOK, VOLUME 2016 ISSUE 2 © OECD 2016 – PRELIMINARY VERSION 287
Page 30
STATISTICAL ANNEX
An
nex
Tabl
e20
.La
bou
rfo
rce,
emp
loym
ent
and
un
emp
loym
ent
1 2
htt
p://
dx.d
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rg/1
0.17
87/8
8893
3438
207
Milli
ons
Labo
ur fo
rce
Tota
l of m
ajor
cou
ntrie
s34
1.4
34
5.2
34
7.1
34
8.7
35
1.0
35
2.6
35
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35
9.4
36
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36
4.5
36
4.6
36
4.5
36
4.9
36
7.4
36
8.9
37
0.5
37
2.5
37
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37
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38
2.4
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l of s
mal
ler c
ount
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194.
8
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9
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34
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33
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14
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29
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27
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26
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20
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15
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20
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.0
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11
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13
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11
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15
.0
15.8
15
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17.9
19
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17
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15
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l OE
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34.7
32
.8
34.2
37
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38.7
38
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37.4
34
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32.6
34
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47.9
49
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47.4
47
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47.8
44
.8
41.6
39
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38.4
37
.8
Sou
rce:
OE
CD
Eco
nom
ic O
utlo
ok 1
00 d
atab
ase.
2001
2000
2003
2005
1999
2002
2007
2006
2004
2009
2011
2010
2008
2012
2013
2018
2015
2016
2017
2014
OECD ECONOMIC OUTLOOK, VOLUME 2016 ISSUE 2 © OECD 2016 – PRELIMINARY VERSION288
Page 31
STATISTICAL ANNEX
An
nex
Tabl
e21
.U
nem
plo
ymen
tra
tes:
nat
ion
ald
efin
itio
ns
1 2
htt
p://
dx.d
oi.o
rg/1
0.17
87/8
8893
3438
219
Per
cen
t of l
abou
r for
ce
2015
20
1620
1720
18U
nem
ploy
men
tth
ousa
nds
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tralia
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1
5.9
5.
4
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4.
8
4.4
4.
2
5.6
5.
2
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2
5.7
6.
1
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7
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5.
3
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5.
4
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ustri
a25
5.4
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3
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5.
7
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4.
9
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4
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6
4.9
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8
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6
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6
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6
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gium
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7
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4
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3
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0
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3
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6
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6
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1
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3
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anad
a13
31.1
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6
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8
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5
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Cze
ch R
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9
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8
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mar
k18
1.3
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8
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42.2
10
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0
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6
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13
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2
Finl
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2
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8
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4
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7
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7
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8
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5
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6
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Fr
ance
3055
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8
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7
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9
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6
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G
erm
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1941
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4
7.7
7.
0
5.9
5.
4
5.2
5.
0
4.6
4.
2
4.2
4.
1
4.2
4.
2
4.0
G
reec
e11
97.0
9.
8
10.6
10
.0
9.0
8.
4
7.8
9.
6
12.7
17
.9
24.4
27
.5
26.5
24
.9
23.5
23
.1
22.7
..
..
..
Hun
gary
307.
4
5.9
6.
1
7.2
7.
5
7.4
7.
8
10.1
11
.2
11.0
11
.0
10.1
7.
7
6.8
5.
1
4.5
4.
4
4.7
4.
5
4.3
Ic
elan
d7.
7
3.4
3.
0
2.4
2.
7
2.2
3.
1
7.3
7.
7
6.9
5.
9
5.4
4.
9
4.0
3.
1
3.1
3.
2
3.1
3.
2
3.1
Ire
land
203.
6
4.7
4.
5
4.3
4.
4
4.7
6.
4
12.0
13
.9
14.6
14
.7
13.1
11
.3
9.4
7.
9
7.1
6.
7
7.0
7.
1
6.5
Is
rael
201.
8
13.3
12
.9
11.3
10
.5
9.1
7.
7
9.5
8.
3
7.1
6.
8
6.3
5.
9
5.2
4.
9
4.8
4.
7
4.8
4.
8
4.7
Ita
ly30
38.7
8.
4
8.0
7.
7
6.8
6.
1
6.7
7.
7
8.3
8.
4
10.7
12
.1
12.6
11
.9
11.5
11
.0
10.7
11
.4
10.8
10
.6
Japa
n22
14.2
5.
3
4.7
4.
4
4.1
3.
8
4.0
5.
0
5.0
4.
6
4.3
4.
0
3.6
3.
4
3.1
3.
0
2.9
3.
1
3.0
2.
9
Kor
ea97
5.2
3.
6
3.7
3.
7
3.5
3.
2
3.2
3.
7
3.7
3.
4
3.2
3.
1
3.5
3.
6
3.8
3.
8
3.8
3.
9
3.7
3.
8
Latv
ia98
.2
11.6
11
.7
10.0
7.
0
6.0
7.
8
17.6
19
.5
16.2
15
.0
11.8
10
.8
9.9
9.
6
9.2
8.
8
9.5
9.
0
8.7
Lu
xem
bour
g17
.9
3.3
3.
7
4.1
4.
3
4.2
4.
2
5.5
5.
8
5.7
6.
1
6.9
7.
1
6.8
6.
4
6.3
6.
2
6.3
6.
3
6.2
M
exic
o122
93.8
3.
0
3.7
3.
5
3.5
3.
6
3.9
5.
4
5.3
5.
2
4.9
4.
9
4.8
4.
3
3.9
4.
1
4.1
3.
9
4.1
4.
2
Net
herla
nds
613.
8
4.8
5.
7
5.9
5.
0
4.2
3.
7
4.4
5.
0
5.0
5.
8
7.3
7.
4
6.9
6.
0
5.6
5.
5
5.6
5.
5
5.4
N
ew Z
eala
nd13
3.5
4.
8
4.0
3.
8
3.9
3.
6
4.0
5.
8
6.1
6.
0
6.4
5.
8
5.4
5.
4
5.0
4.
5
4.4
4.
8
4.4
4.
5
Nor
way
118.
7
4.0
4.
2
4.4
3.
4
2.5
2.
6
3.1
3.
5
3.2
3.
1
3.4
3.
5
4.3
4.
7
4.6
4.
2
4.7
4.
4
4.0
P
olan
d13
04.3
19
.7
19.0
17
.8
13.9
9.
6
7.1
8.
2
9.6
9.
6
10.1
10
.3
9.0
7.
5
6.1
5.
4
5.3
5.
7
5.3
5.
3
Por
tuga
l64
7.0
6.
3
6.6
7.
6
7.6
8.
0
7.6
9.
5
10.8
12
.6
15.5
16
.2
13.9
12
.5
11.0
10
.1
10.1
10
.5
10.1
10
.1
Slo
vak
Rep
ublic
314.
2
17.5
18
.1
16.2
13
.3
11.0
9.
6
12.1
14
.4
13.6
13
.9
14.2
13
.2
11.5
9.
8
9.1
8.
3
9.6
8.
8
7.9
S
love
nia
90.3
6.
7
6.3
6.
5
5.9
4.
8
4.4
5.
9
7.2
8.
2
8.8
10
.1
9.7
9.
0
7.8
7.
1
6.9
7.
4
7.0
6.
8
Spa
in50
56.0
11
.5
11.0
9.
1
8.5
8.
2
11.3
17
.9
19.9
21
.4
24.8
26
.1
24.4
22
.1
19.6
17
.7
16.4
18
.4
17.4
15
.8
Sw
eden
386.
6
6.6
7.
4
7.7
7.
1
6.1
6.
2
8.3
8.
6
7.8
8.
0
8.0
7.
9
7.4
6.
9
6.7
6.
7
6.8
6.
6
6.8
S
witz
erla
nd21
9.3
4.
1
4.4
4.
4
4.0
3.
6
3.4
4.
3
4.5
4.
0
4.1
4.
3
4.5
4.
5
4.6
4.
6
4.5
4.
6
4.5
4.
5
Turk
ey30
54.5
9.
9
9.7
9.
5
9.0
9.
2
10.0
13
.0
11.1
9.
1
8.4
9.
0
9.9
10
.3
10.6
10
.7
10.7
11
.2
10.4
10
.8
Uni
ted
Kin
gdom
1781
.3
5.0
4.
8
4.8
5.
4
5.3
5.
7
7.6
7.
9
8.1
8.
0
7.6
6.
2
5.4
4.
9
5.0
5.
6
4.8
5.
2
5.9
U
nite
d S
tate
s82
87.3
6.
0
5.5
5.
1
4.6
4.
6
5.8
9.
3
9.6
8.
9
8.1
7.
4
6.2
5.
3
4.9
4.
7
4.5
4.
9
4.6
4.
5
Eur
o ar
ea17
257.
0
9.0
9.
2
9.0
8.
3
7.5
7.
5
9.6
10
.1
10.2
11
.3
12.0
11
.6
10.9
10
.0
9.5
9.
1
9.7
9.
4
9.0
To
tal O
EC
D41
614.
7
7.0
6.
9
6.6
6.
1
5.6
6.
0
8.1
8.
3
8.0
8.
0
7.9
7.
4
6.8
6.
3
6.1
6.
0
6.2
6.
1
5.9
Not
e: L
abou
r mar
ket d
ata
are
subj
ect t
o di
ffere
nces
in d
efin
ition
s ac
ross
cou
ntrie
s an
d to
man
y br
eaks
in s
erie
s, th
ough
the
latte
r are
ofte
n of
a m
inor
nat
ure.
1.
Bas
ed o
n N
atio
nal E
mpl
oym
ent S
urve
y.
Sou
rce:
OE
CD
Eco
nom
ic O
utlo
ok 1
00 d
atab
ase.
Four
th q
uarte
r20
18
2012
20
13
2014
20
15
2003
20
17
2004
20
05
2006
20
11
2016
20
10
2007
20
08
2009
OECD ECONOMIC OUTLOOK, VOLUME 2016 ISSUE 2 © OECD 2016 – PRELIMINARY VERSION 289
Page 32
STATISTICAL ANNEX
An
nex
Tabl
e22
.H
arm
onis
edu
nem
plo
ymen
tra
tes
1 2
htt
p://
dx.d
oi.o
rg/1
0.17
87/8
8893
3438
222
Per
cen
t of c
ivilia
n la
bour
forc
e
Aus
tralia
8.4
7.
7
7.7
6.
9
6.3
6.
7
6.4
5.
9
5.4
5.
0
4.8
4.
4
4.2
5.
6
5.2
5.
1
5.2
5.
7
6.1
6.
1
Aus
tria
4.7
4.
7
4.7
4.
2
3.9
4.
0
4.4
4.
8
5.5
5.
6
5.3
4.
9
4.1
5.
3
4.8
4.
6
4.9
5.
4
5.6
5.
7
Bel
gium
9.2
9.
3
9.3
8.
5
6.9
6.
6
7.5
8.
2
8.4
8.
4
8.3
7.
5
7.0
7.
9
8.3
7.
2
7.6
8.
5
8.5
8.
5
Can
ada
9.1
8.
3
8.3
7.
6
6.8
7.
2
7.7
7.
6
7.2
6.
8
6.3
6.
1
6.1
8.
4
8.1
7.
5
7.3
7.
1
6.9
6.
9
Chi
le6.
1
6.4
6.
4
10.1
9.
7
9.9
9.
8
9.5
10
.0
9.2
7.
8
7.1
7.
8
9.7
8.
2
7.1
6.
4
5.9
6.
4
6.2
C
zech
Rep
ublic
4.8
6.
5
6.5
8.
7
8.8
8.
1
7.3
7.
8
8.3
7.
9
7.1
5.
3
4.4
6.
7
7.3
6.
7
7.0
7.
0
6.1
5.
1
Den
mar
k5.
2
4.9
4.
9
5.2
4.
3
4.5
4.
6
5.4
5.
5
4.8
3.
9
3.8
3.
5
6.0
7.
5
7.6
7.
5
7.0
6.
5
6.2
E
ston
ia9.
6
9.2
9.
2
11.4
14
.5
13.0
11
.3
10.4
10
.1
8.0
5.
9
4.6
5.
5
13.6
16
.7
12.4
10
.0
8.6
7.
4
6.2
Fi
nlan
d12
.6
11.4
11
.4
10.2
9.
8
9.1
9.
1
9.0
8.
8
8.4
7.
7
6.9
6.
4
8.2
8.
4
7.8
7.
7
8.2
8.
7
9.4
Fr
ance
12.3
12
.1
12.1
11
.3
9.6
8.
7
8.6
8.
5
8.9
8.
9
8.8
8.
0
7.4
9.
1
9.3
9.
2
9.8
10
.3
10.3
10
.4
Ger
man
y9.
7
9.5
9.
5
8.6
8.
0
7.9
8.
7
9.8
10
.5
11.3
10
.3
8.5
7.
4
7.6
7.
0
5.8
5.
4
5.2
5.
0
4.6
G
reec
e
..
..
..
12.0
11
.2
10.7
10
.3
9.7
10
.6
10.0
9.
0
8.4
7.
8
9.6
12
.8
17.9
24
.5
27.5
26
.6
25.0
H
unga
ry9.
1
8.7
8.
7
6.9
6.
3
5.6
5.
6
5.7
6.
1
7.2
7.
5
7.4
7.
8
10.0
11
.2
11.1
11
.0
10.1
7.
7
6.8
Ic
elan
d
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
3.4
3.
1
2.6
2.
9
2.3
3.
0
7.2
7.
6
7.1
6.
0
5.4
5.
0
4.0
Ire
land
9.9
7.
6
7.6
5.
7
4.3
3.
9
4.5
4.
6
4.5
4.
4
4.5
4.
7
6.4
12
.0
13.9
14
.7
14.7
13
.1
11.3
9.
5
Isra
el7.
7
8.5
8.
5
8.9
8.
8
9.3
10
.3
10.7
10
.4
9.0
8.
4
7.3
6.
1
7.5
6.
6
5.6
6.
9
6.2
5.
9
5.2
Ita
ly11
.2
11.3
11
.3
10.9
10
.1
9.0
8.
5
8.4
8.
0
7.7
6.
8
6.1
6.
7
7.8
8.
4
8.4
10
.6
12.1
12
.7
11.9
Ja
pan
3.4
4.
1
4.1
4.
7
4.7
5.
0
5.4
5.
3
4.7
4.
4
4.1
3.
8
4.0
5.
1
5.1
4.
6
4.4
4.
0
3.6
3.
4
Kor
ea2.
6
7.0
7.
0
6.6
4.
4
4.0
3.
3
3.6
3.
7
3.7
3.
5
3.3
3.
2
3.7
3.
7
3.4
3.
2
3.1
3.
5
3.6
La
tvia
..
..
..
14
.1
14.3
13
.5
12.5
11
.6
11.8
10
.1
7.0
6.
1
7.7
17
.6
19.5
16
.2
15.0
11
.9
10.9
9.
9
Luxe
mbo
urg
2.7
2.
7
2.7
2.
4
2.2
1.
9
2.6
3.
8
5.0
4.
7
4.6
4.
2
4.9
5.
1
4.6
4.
8
5.1
5.
9
6.1
6.
5
Mex
ico
3.7
3.
2
3.2
2.
5
2.5
2.
8
3.0
3.
4
3.9
3.
6
3.6
3.
7
4.0
5.
5
5.4
5.
2
5.0
4.
9
4.8
4.
4
Net
herla
nds
6.5
5.
1
5.1
4.
2
3.7
3.
1
3.7
4.
8
5.7
5.
9
5.0
4.
2
3.7
4.
4
5.0
5.
0
5.8
7.
2
7.4
6.
9
New
Zea
land
6.8
7.
7
7.7
7.
0
6.2
5.
5
5.3
4.
8
4.0
3.
8
3.9
3.
6
4.0
5.
8
6.2
6.
0
6.4
5.
8
5.4
5.
4
Nor
way
3.9
3.
1
3.1
3.
0
3.2
3.
4
3.7
4.
2
4.3
4.
5
3.4
2.
5
2.6
3.
2
3.6
3.
3
3.2
3.
5
3.5
4.
4
Pol
and
10.9
10
.2
10.2
13
.4
16.1
18
.3
20.0
19
.8
19.1
17
.9
14.0
9.
6
7.0
8.
1
9.7
9.
7
10.1
10
.3
9.0
7.
5
Por
tuga
l6.
7
6.1
6.
1
5.6
5.
1
5.1
6.
1
7.4
7.
8
8.8
8.
9
9.1
8.
8
10.7
12
.0
12.9
15
.8
16.5
14
.1
12.7
S
lova
k R
epub
lic
..
12.7
12
.7
16.5
18
.9
19.5
18
.8
17.7
18
.4
16.4
13
.5
11.2
9.
6
12.1
14
.5
13.7
14
.0
14.2
13
.2
11.5
S
love
nia
6.9
7.
4
7.4
7.
4
6.7
6.
2
6.3
6.
7
6.3
6.
5
6.0
4.
9
4.4
5.
9
7.3
8.
2
8.9
10
.1
9.7
9.
0
Spa
in18
.4
16.4
16
.4
13.6
11
.9
10.6
11
.4
11.5
11
.0
9.2
8.
5
8.2
11
.3
17.9
19
.9
21.4
24
.8
26.1
24
.5
22.1
S
wed
en9.
9
8.2
8.
2
6.7
5.
6
5.8
6.
0
6.6
7.
4
7.6
7.
0
6.1
6.
2
8.3
8.
6
7.8
8.
0
8.0
7.
9
7.4
S
witz
erla
nd
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
4.
5
4.0
4.
2
4.4
4.
5
4.5
Tu
rkey
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
9.
2
8.8
8.
8
9.7
12
.6
10.7
8.
8
8.2
8.
7
10.0
10
.3
Uni
ted
Kin
gdom
6.8
6.
1
6.1
5.
9
5.4
5.
0
5.1
5.
0
4.7
4.
8
5.4
5.
3
5.6
7.
6
7.8
8.
1
7.9
7.
6
6.1
5.
3
Uni
ted
Sta
tes
5.0
4.
5
4.5
4.
2
4.0
4.
7
5.8
6.
0
5.5
5.
1
4.6
4.
6
5.8
9.
3
9.6
9.
0
8.1
7.
4
6.2
5.
3
Eur
o ar
ea10
.8
10.6
10
.6
9.8
8.
9
8.3
8.
6
9.1
9.
3
9.1
8.
4
7.5
7.
6
9.6
10
.2
10.2
11
.4
12.0
11
.6
10.9
To
tal O
EC
D
..
..
..
6.6
6.
2
6.4
6.
9
7.1
6.
9
6.6
6.
1
5.6
6.
0
8.1
8.
3
8.0
8.
0
7.9
7.
4
6.8
Not
e:
Sou
rce:
OE
CD
, Mai
n E
cono
mic
Indi
cato
rs.
2013
2014
In s
o fa
r as
poss
ible
, the
dat
a ha
ve b
een
adju
sted
to e
nsur
e co
mpa
rabi
lity
over
tim
e an
d to
con
form
to th
e gu
idel
ines
of t
he In
tern
atio
nal L
abou
r Offi
ce. A
nnua
l fig
ures
are
cal
cula
ted
by a
vera
ging
the
mon
thly
and
/or q
uarte
rly e
stim
ates
(fo
r bot
h un
empl
oyed
and
the
labo
ur fo
rce)
. Fur
ther
info
rmat
ion
is a
vaila
ble
from
OE
CD
.sta
t (h
ttp://
stat
s.oe
cd.o
rg/in
dex.
aspx
), s
ee th
e m
etad
ata
rela
ting
to th
e ha
rmon
ised
une
mpl
oym
ent r
ate.
1996
1998
1999
2000
2001
2009
2010
2011
2012
2002
2003
2015
1997
2005
2006
2007
2008
2004
OECD ECONOMIC OUTLOOK, VOLUME 2016 ISSUE 2 © OECD 2016 – PRELIMINARY VERSION290
Page 33
STATISTICAL ANNEX
Annex Table 23. Quarterly price, cost and unemployment projections
1 2 http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933438239
Percentage changes, seasonally adjusted at annual rates
2016 2017 2018 2016 2017 2018Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Consumer price index1
Canada 1.5 1.8 2.0 1.9 2.0 1.8 1.8 1.8 2.0 2.1 2.1 2.2 1.5 1.9 2.1 France 0.3 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 0.6 1.1 1.2 Germany 0.3 1.4 1.7 1.2 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.8 1.8 0.6 1.5 1.8 Italy -0.1 0.8 1.2 0.8 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 0.1 1.0 1.2 Japan -0.3 0.3 1.0 0.2 0.5 0.7 0.8 0.9 0.9 1.1 1.2 1.3 -0.4 0.7 1.1 United Kingdom 0.6 2.4 2.9 2.3 2.5 2.8 3.0 3.1 3.0 2.9 2.8 2.7 1.2 2.8 2.8 United States 1.2 1.9 2.2 1.7 1.8 1.8 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.5 2.6 1.4 1.9 2.4 Euro area 0.2 1.2 1.4 1.4 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.5 1.4 1.5 1.6 0.6 1.2 1.5
GDP deflatorCanada 0.5 2.0 2.0 2.2 2.0 1.9 1.9 1.9 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.1 1.2 1.9 2.0 France 0.8 0.8 1.0 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 0.6 1.0 1.1 Germany 1.4 1.2 1.5 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.1 1.3 1.6 Italy 1.2 0.8 1.0 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.9 1.0 Japan 0.4 0.0 0.7 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 1.0 1.1 -0.1 0.4 0.9 United Kingdom 1.5 1.9 2.2 1.7 1.8 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.1 2.0 2.3 2.4 2.3 2.1 2.2 United States 1.3 1.9 2.4 1.6 1.9 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.4 2.6 2.8 2.8 1.5 2.1 2.6 Euro area 1.0 1.1 1.3 1.2 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.5 0.9 1.1 1.4 Total OECD 1.3 1.7 2.1 1.8 1.7 1.8 1.9 2.0 2.1 2.1 2.3 2.4 1.5 1.8 2.2
Unit labour costs (total economy)Canada 0.7 1.4 1.9 1.1 1.8 1.9 1.8 1.9 2.0 1.9 1.9 1.9 0.5 1.8 1.9 France 0.6 0.6 0.8 0.4 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.7 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.2 0.8 0.8 Germany 1.7 1.8 2.1 1.8 1.7 1.6 1.8 2.0 2.3 2.2 2.2 2.1 1.4 1.7 2.2 Italy 1.0 0.7 0.1 1.2 0.7 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.0 -0.2 -0.2 0.8 0.3 -0.1 Japan 1.2 0.3 0.7 -0.4 0.9 0.3 0.5 0.5 0.8 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.0 0.5 0.8 United Kingdom 0.7 2.1 2.6 2.3 2.4 2.4 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.6 2.6 2.6 1.0 2.5 2.6 United States 2.2 2.9 1.9 2.5 4.7 2.5 2.2 1.6 1.5 2.1 2.3 2.7 1.6 2.7 2.1 Euro area 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.5 1.2 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.0 1.1 1.3 Total OECD 1.8 2.0 1.9 1.9 2.7 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.8 2.1 2.0 2.0 1.7 1.9 2.0
Unemployment Per cent of labour force
Canada 7.0 6.8 6.5 6.9 6.9 6.8 6.8 6.7 6.6 6.5 6.5 6.4 France 9.9 9.7 9.6 9.8 9.8 9.8 9.7 9.7 9.7 9.6 9.6 9.5 Germany 4.2 4.2 4.1 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.1 4.1 4.0 4.0 Italy 11.5 11.0 10.7 11.4 11.2 11.1 11.0 10.8 10.8 10.7 10.7 10.6 Japan 3.1 3.0 2.9 3.1 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.9 United Kingdom 4.9 5.0 5.6 4.8 4.9 4.9 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.5 5.7 5.9 United States 4.9 4.7 4.5 4.9 4.8 4.8 4.7 4.6 4.6 4.5 4.5 4.5 Euro area 10.0 9.5 9.1 9.7 9.6 9.6 9.5 9.4 9.3 9.2 9.1 9.0 Total OECD 6.3 6.1 6.0 6.2 6.2 6.2 6.1 6.1 6.0 6.0 6.0 5.9
Note:
1. For the United Kingdom, the euro area countries and the euro area aggregate, the Harmonised Index of Consumer Prices (HICP) is used. Source: OECD Economic Outlook 100 database.
2016 2017 2018
The adoption of national accounts systems has been proceeding at an uneven pace among countries, both with respect to variables and the time periodcovered. As a consequence, there are breaks in many national series. For further information, see table �National Accounts Reporting Systems, baseyears and latest data updates� at the beginning of the Statistical Annex.
Q4 / Q4
OECD ECONOMIC OUTLOOK, VOLUME 2016 ISSUE 2 © OECD 2016 – PRELIMINARY VERSION 291
Page 34
STATISTICAL ANNEX
An
nex
Tabl
e24
.Po
ten
tial
GD
Pan
dp
rod
uct
ive
cap
ital
stoc
k
1 2
htt
p://
dx.d
oi.o
rg/1
0.17
87/8
8893
3438
249
Per
cent
age
chan
ges
from
pre
viou
s pe
riod
Pot
entia
l GD
PP
rodu
ctiv
e ca
pita
l sto
ck1
Ave
rage
19
92-0
1A
vera
ge
2002
-11
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
Ave
rage
1992
-01
Ave
rage
20
02-1
120
1220
1320
1420
1520
1620
1720
18
Aus
tralia
3.5
3.
2
3.2
3.
0
2.8
2.
6
2.5
2.
4
2.3
2.
6
4.4
5.
5
4.9
4.
0
3.0
2.
6
2.1
1.
9
Aus
tria
2.5
1.
8
1.2
1.
1
1.1
1.
0
1.0
1.
1
1.1
2.
8
2.1
1.
5
1.5
1.
4
1.2
1.
3
1.4
1.
5
Bel
gium
2.3
1.
6
1.1
1.
0
1.1
1.
2
1.2
1.
3
1.3
2.
7
1.9
1.
5
1.2
1.
4
1.6
1.
6
1.7
1.
9
Bra
zil
2.4
3.
4
3.1
2.
8
2.5
2.
1
1.6
1.
4
1.2
0.
7
1.0
2.
6
2.5
2.
2
1.2
0.
3
0.1
0.
1
Can
ada
2.8
2.
3
2.0
1.
9
1.8
1.
7
1.4
1.
4
1.3
2.
4
2.8
2.
8
2.7
2.
4
2.1
1.
4
1.4
1.
4
Chi
na10
.3
10.2
8.
6
8.0
7.
5
7.0
6.
7
6.5
6.
4
10.8
12
.2
12.8
11
.9
11.2
10
.3
9.6
9.
0
8.6
C
olom
bia
..
4.
7
4.5
4.
3
4.0
3.
8
3.4
3.
2
3.0
.
. 4.
7
6.5
6.
3
6.5
6.
3
5.5
4.
9
4.7
C
osta
Ric
a
..
4.5
4.
0
3.8
3.
4
3.3
3.
2
3.0
3.
0
5.1
4.
2
3.8
3.
6
3.3
3.
5
3.4
3.
4
3.6
C
zech
Rep
ublic
..
2.
8
1.3
1.
4
1.7
2.
0
2.1
2.
1
2.2
.
. 2.
2
1.2
0.
9
0.8
1.
1
1.0
0.
8
0.9
D
enm
ark
2.2
1.
1
0.8
1.
0
1.1
1.
2
1.2
1.
2
1.3
2.
8
1.7
0.
5
0.6
0.
6
0.7
0.
6
0.6
0.
7
Est
onia
..
3.
3
2.1
2.
0
1.6
1.
5
1.5
1.
6
1.7
.
. 6.
6
4.4
4.
0
2.8
1.
9
1.5
1.
4
1.5
Fi
nlan
d3.
0
1.7
0.
4
0.3
0.
3
0.3
0.
3
0.4
0.
4
1.4
1.
8
1.1
0.
7
0.4
0.
4
0.5
0.
6
0.7
Fr
ance
2.1
1.
4
1.0
1.
0
1.1
1.
1
1.3
1.
2
1.2
2.
1
1.9
1.
4
1.3
1.
2
1.1
1.
2
1.2
1.
3
Ger
man
y1.
8
1.1
1.
1
1.0
1.
0
1.3
1.
1
1.1
1.
0
1.8
0.
7
0.5
0.
3
0.4
0.
3
0.4
0.
4
0.4
G
reec
e
..
0.8
-1
.6
-1.1
-1
.0
-0.6
-0
.2
0.1
0.
4
..
0.9
-1
.7
-2.0
-1
.9
-1.7
-1
.6
-1.4
-1
.2
Hun
gary
..
1.
6
0.8
1.
2
1.6
1.
8
1.7
1.
7
1.9
.
. 2.
8
1.2
1.
4
1.9
2.
0
1.1
0.
7
0.9
Ic
elan
d2.
8
3.2
1.
5
1.4
1.
5
1.7
2.
1
2.2
2.
2
2.6
2.
9
-0.5
-0
.5
-0.1
0.
9
2.1
2.
5
2.5
In
dia2
..
7.
5
7.7
7.
6
7.5
7.
4
7.1
6.
9
6.8
..
8.6
9.
2
8.7
7.
9
7.4
6.
4
6.1
6.
0
Indo
nesi
a4.
0
4.8
5.
8
5.7
5.
6
5.5
5.
4
5.3
5.
2
4.1
3.
5
5.1
5.
1
5.0
4.
8
4.7
4.
7
4.6
Ire
land
7.2
3.
1
0.6
0.
0
2.4
25
.7
2.7
2.
3
2.0
4.
6
5.4
2.
8
1.9
3.
8
35.8
5.
1
3.9
3.
0
Isra
el
..
3.6
3.
9
3.7
3.
3
3.2
3.
2
3.3
3.
3
..
2.7
3.
4
3.3
2.
9
2.5
2.
7
3.3
3.
5
Italy
1.4
0.
6
-0.2
-0
.3
-0.2
-0
.2
-0.1
0.
0
0.1
1.
9
1.6
0.
2
-0.4
-0
.7
-0.8
-0
.7
-0.6
-0
.5
Japa
n1.
7
0.5
0.
3
0.3
0.
3
0.3
0.
2
0.2
0.
1
3.3
0.
7
0.0
0.
0
0.1
0.
0
0.0
-0
.1
-0.1
K
orea
6.6
4.
0
3.7
3.
5
3.3
3.
3
3.2
3.
1
3.0
10
.0
5.0
4.
2
3.7
3.
7
3.5
3.
4
3.3
3.
2
Lith
uani
a
..
3.8
2.
1
2.4
2.
4
2.3
2.
3
2.1
2.
0
..
6.2
3.
2
3.2
3.
1
3.1
3.
0
3.0
3.
1
Latv
ia
..
3.7
2.
1
2.2
2.
1
2.1
2.
1
2.2
2.
5
..
8.7
4.
3
3.9
3.
2
3.1
2.
7
2.5
2.
8
Luxe
mbo
urg
..
3.
3
3.2
3.
0
3.1
2.
9
2.8
3.
0
3.0
.
. 3.
5
3.6
3.
2
3.0
2.
4
2.2
2.
6
2.7
M
exic
o
..
2.3
2.
7
2.8
2.
8
2.8
2.
7
2.7
2.
7
4.2
3.
8
3.5
3.
3
3.1
3.
0
2.8
2.
7
2.5
N
ethe
rland
s3.
1
1.5
1.
0
0.9
0.
9
1.0
1.
1
1.1
1.
1
3.6
2.
3
1.6
1.
1
1.1
1.
2
1.4
1.
3
1.4
N
ew Z
eala
nd3.
3
2.7
2.
0
2.2
2.
4
2.6
2.
6
2.6
2.
5
2.4
3.
7
2.6
2.
5
2.8
2.
9
2.8
2.
9
3.0
N
orw
ay3.
1
2.8
2.
0
2.0
2.
1
2.1
2.
1
1.9
1.
9
1.7
2.
0
1.4
1.
5
1.4
1.
2
1.2
1.
3
1.5
P
olan
d
..
3.7
3.
2
3.0
3.
0
3.1
3.
0
2.9
2.
9
..
3.7
3.
9
3.3
3.
4
3.8
3.
5
3.1
3.
1
Por
tuga
l2.
8
0.9
-0
.5
-0.5
-0
.2
-0.1
-0
.1
-0.1
-0
.1
5.4
3.
8
0.7
0.
1
0.3
0.
4
0.3
0.
3
0.3
R
ussi
a
..
4.5
1.
9
1.5
1.
0
0.6
0.
1
-0.1
-0
.2
..
5.2
5.
7
5.3
4.
5
3.4
2.
5
2.2
2.
0
Slo
vak
Rep
ublic
..
3.
8
3.3
3.
0
2.8
2.
9
2.9
3.
1
2.8
.
. 2.
8
2.1
1.
5
1.3
1.
9
2.2
2.
3
2.4
S
love
nia
..
2.
3
0.6
0.
6
1.1
1.
1
1.1
1.
2
1.3
.
. 3.
2
0.3
0.
2
0.3
0.
2
0.0
0.
0
0.2
S
outh
Afri
ca
..
3.4
2.
6
2.5
2.
5
2.5
2.
3
2.1
2.
0
0.8
2.
5
2.7
2.
7
2.8
2.
6
2.2
1.
9
2.0
S
pain
2.9
2.
4
0.7
0.
6
0.4
0.
5
0.6
0.
8
0.9
4.
2
4.3
1.
9
1.4
1.
4
1.6
1.
8
2.0
2.
2
Sw
eden
2.5
2.
2
1.6
1.
6
1.9
2.
1
2.3
2.
3
1.8
2.
1
2.1
1.
8
1.6
1.
7
2.0
2.
2
2.2
2.
2
Sw
itzer
land
1.6
2.
1
1.9
1.
8
1.8
1.
7
1.7
1.
6
1.6
2.
7
2.0
1.
7
1.5
1.
4
1.4
1.
4
1.4
1.
4
Uni
ted
Kin
gdom
2.6
1.
7
1.3
1.
3
1.7
1.
8
1.7
1.
5
1.5
3.
6
3.0
2.
2
2.1
2.
4
2.4
2.
2
2.0
1.
7
Uni
ted
Sta
tes
3.2
2.
1
1.7
1.
6
1.6
1.
6
1.5
1.
5
1.5
3.
1
2.1
1.
4
1.3
1.
4
1.4
1.
3
1.2
1.
4
Eur
o ar
ea2.
2
1.4
0.
7
0.7
0.
7
1.3
0.
9
0.9
0.
9
2.3
1.
8
1.0
0.
6
0.6
1.
1
0.8
0.
8
0.9
To
tal O
EC
D2.
8
1.9
1.
6
1.5
1.
5
1.7
1.
5
1.5
1.
5
3.4
2.
1
1.4
1.
3
1.3
1.
4
1.2
1.
1
1.2
Not
e: F
or m
etho
dolo
gica
l det
ails
see
Sou
rces
& M
etho
ds o
f the
OE
CD
Eco
nom
ic O
utlo
ok (h
ttp://
ww
w.o
ecd.
org/
eco/
sour
ces-
and-
met
hods
.htm
).
1.
Tota
l eco
nom
y le
ss h
ousi
ng.
2.Fi
scal
yea
r.
Sou
rce:
OE
CD
Eco
nom
ic O
utlo
ok 1
00 d
atab
ase.
OECD ECONOMIC OUTLOOK, VOLUME 2016 ISSUE 2 © OECD 2016 – PRELIMINARY VERSION292
Page 35
STATISTICAL ANNEX
An
nex
Tabl
e25
.S
tru
ctu
ralu
nem
plo
ymen
tan
du
nit
labo
ur
cost
s
1 2
htt
p://
dx.d
oi.o
rg/1
0.17
87/8
8893
3438
255
Stru
ctur
al u
nem
ploy
men
t rat
eU
nit l
abou
r cos
tsA
vera
ge
1992
-01
Ave
rage
20
02-1
120
1220
1320
1420
1520
1620
1720
18A
vera
ge
19
92-0
1A
vera
ge
2002
-11
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
Per
cen
tP
erce
ntag
e ch
ange
s
Aus
tralia
7.5
5.
4
5.3
5.
5
5.7
5.
8
5.9
5.
9
5.9
1.
8
3.9
1.
9
0.8
0.
4
-0.1
0.
6
1.6
1.
6
Aus
tria
4.0
4.
3
4.4
4.
5
4.5
4.
5
4.5
4.
5
4.5
0.
6
1.6
3.
4
2.7
1.
9
2.2
1.
3
1.7
1.
3
Bel
gium
8.2
8.
0
7.9
8.
0
8.0
8.
0
8.1
8.
1
8.1
1.
6
1.8
3.
3
2.0
-0
.3
-0.6
-0
.2
-0.4
0.
5
Can
ada
8.8
6.
8
6.5
6.
5
6.5
6.
5
6.5
6.
5
6.5
0.
9
2.5
2.
8
1.9
1.
3
1.5
0.
7
1.4
1.
9
Cze
ch R
epub
lic
..
6.7
6.
4
6.3
6.
1
5.9
5.
9
5.9
5.
9
9.0
1.
6
3.2
1.
2
0.8
0.
1
3.0
2.
2
2.3
D
enm
ark
6.2
5.
6
6.2
6.
2
6.3
6.
3
6.3
6.
3
6.2
1.
6
2.4
0.
9
0.3
1.
0
1.7
2.
9
2.0
2.
4
Est
onia
..
9.
6
8.7
8.
3
8.3
8.
3
8.3
8.
3
8.3
.
. 5.
7
3.5
4.
0
2.5
7.
0
4.7
2.
2
2.5
Fi
nlan
d11
.1
8.2
7.
8
7.6
7.
5
7.4
7.
4
7.4
7.
4
0.2
2.
1
5.1
1.
6
1.0
0.
8
0.6
0.
3
0.1
Fran
ce9.
4
8.7
9.
4
9.6
9.
6
9.6
9.
3
9.2
9.
0
1.1
1.
8
2.0
0.
8
0.7
0.
1
0.6
0.
6
0.8
G
erm
any
7.5
8.
2
5.7
5.
4
5.2
4.
9
4.8
4.
7
4.7
0.
7
0.6
3.
1
2.2
2.
2
2.1
1.
7
1.8
2.
1
Gre
ece
..
12
.0
16.1
16
.4
16.9
17
.3
17.5
17
.5
17.3
.
. 3.
5
-2.7
-7
.3
-2.3
1.
8
1.6
1.
3
1.8
H
unga
ry
..
8.2
9.
7
9.4
9.
1
8.9
8.
7
8.5
8.
3
..
3.7
3.
8
1.6
2.
4
1.1
5.
5
4.1
4.
5
Icel
and
3.5
3.
9
4.2
4.
2
4.2
4.
2
4.2
4.
2
4.2
4.
2
4.7
5.
2
4.0
5.
0
4.7
8.
5
4.5
4.
8
Irela
nd10
.6
8.6
10
.7
10.8
10
.8
10.7
10
.5
10.3
10
.1
2.0
1.
7
1.2
1.
8
-4.6
-1
6.4
1.
6
1.9
2.
2
Isra
el
..
9.8
6.
8
6.4
6.
2
5.9
5.
7
5.5
5.
4
..
0.8
3.
2
0.6
0.
6
2.5
1.
8
2.3
2.
5
Italy
9.3
8.
1
8.4
8.
8
9.0
9.
1
9.2
9.
2
9.1
1.
8
2.7
1.
6
0.8
0.
1
1.0
1.
0
0.7
0.
1
Japa
n3.
2
4.1
3.
8
3.7
3.
7
3.6
3.
6
3.6
3.
6
-0.2
-1
.4
-1.4
-0
.8
1.6
1.
0
1.2
0.
3
0.7
K
orea
3.5
3.
5
3.3
3.
3
3.4
3.
4
3.4
3.
4
3.4
3.
3
2.7
2.
7
2.1
1.
7
2.1
1.
2
1.5
1.
8
Latv
ia
..
12.6
11
.5
10.7
10
.3
10.1
10
.0
9.9
9.
8
..
7.1
5.
0
4.6
5.
0
4.4
4.
7
2.2
1.
6
Luxe
mbo
urg
2.3
4.
4
6.0
6.
2
6.3
6.
4
6.4
6.
4
6.3
2.
4
3.2
4.
3
-0.1
0.
5
0.0
-0
.2
1.6
1.
0
Mex
ico
3.4
4.
0
4.8
4.
8
4.8
4.
7
4.7
4.
7
4.7
16
.6
4.3
3.
9
2.7
3.
5
2.3
4.
3
4.0
3.
7
Net
herla
nds
6.0
5.
0
5.3
5.
3
5.4
5.
4
5.4
5.
4
5.4
1.
7
1.3
2.
6
0.7
-0
.4
-0.8
1.
2
1.5
1.
4
New
Zea
land
7.2
5.
1
6.2
6.
1
6.0
5.
7
5.4
5.
2
5.0
1.
2
3.4
-0
.1
2.5
2.
5
0.9
0.
4
1.0
1.
7
Nor
way
4.2
3.
3
3.3
3.
3
3.3
3.
3
3.3
3.
3
3.3
2.
8
4.7
4.
0
4.7
2.
6
1.4
1.
4
1.3
1.
2
Pol
and
..
11
.4
8.5
8.
2
8.0
7.
8
7.7
7.
5
7.4
..
2.0
2.
8
0.7
1.
1
-1.1
2.
7
2.5
2.
6
Por
tuga
l6.
1
8.7
11
.6
11.9
11
.9
11.7
11
.5
11.3
11
.0
3.9
1.
7
-3.9
2.
5
-0.6
0.
8
1.9
0.
2
0.0
S
lova
k R
epub
lic
..
12.6
12
.3
11.9
11
.4
11.0
10
.5
9.8
9.
5
..
1.7
1.
4
0.6
1.
5
1.8
1.
4
1.4
1.
7
Slo
veni
a
..
6.1
7.
2
7.8
7.
8
7.8
7.
8
7.7
7.
6
..
3.1
0.
4
-1.2
-1
.3
0.5
0.
9
0.5
1.
9
Spa
in14
.1
14.4
16
.1
16.0
16
.0
15.9
15
.7
15.4
15
.0
3.2
2.
8
-3.2
-1
.0
-0.1
0.
6
0.5
1.
6
1.4
S
wed
en7.
3
7.0
7.
4
7.4
7.
5
7.5
7.
5
7.5
7.
5
1.4
1.
8
3.9
1.
8
1.1
1.
3
1.2
1.
2
2.0
S
witz
erla
nd2.
9
3.8
4.
0
4.0
4.
0
4.0
4.
0
4.0
4.
0
0.6
0.
7
1.4
0.
3
-0.3
1.
0
-0.3
0.
8
0.7
U
nite
d K
ingd
om7.
5
5.8
6.
1
6.2
5.
9
5.6
5.
4
5.4
5.
4
2.6
2.
4
1.0
1.
4
-0.7
1.
1
0.7
2.
1
2.6
Uni
ted
Sta
tes
5.5
5.
2
5.1
5.
0
5.0
4.
9
4.9
4.
9
4.9
2.
1
1.6
1.
9
1.0
2.
2
2.1
2.
2
2.9
1.
9
Eur
o ar
ea9.
0
9.1
9.
2
9.2
9.
1
9.0
8.
9
8.8
8.
7
1.8
1.
8
1.4
0.
9
0.7
0.
8
1.1
1.
2
1.2
To
tal O
EC
D6.
4
6.5
6.
4
6.4
6.
3
6.3
6.
2
6.2
6.
1
3.4
1.
8
1.7
1.
1
1.6
1.
4
1.8
2.
0
1.9
Not
e: F
or m
ore
info
rmat
ion
abou
t sou
rces
and
def
initi
ons,
see
Sou
rces
& M
etho
ds o
f the
OE
CD
Eco
nom
ic O
utlo
ok (h
ttp://
ww
w.o
ecd.
org/
eco/
sour
ces-
and-
met
hods
.htm
).
S
ourc
e: O
EC
D E
cono
mic
Out
look
100
dat
abas
e.
OECD ECONOMIC OUTLOOK, VOLUME 2016 ISSUE 2 © OECD 2016 – PRELIMINARY VERSION 293
Page 36
STATISTICAL ANNEX
An
nex
Tabl
e26
.H
ouse
hol
dsa
vin
gra
tes
1 2
htt
p://
dx.d
oi.o
rg/1
0.17
87/8
8893
3438
261
Per
cen
t of d
ispo
sabl
e ho
useh
old
inco
me
Net
sav
ing
Aus
tralia
1.5
1.
3
3.7
0.
7
0.4
1.
3
2.3
1.
2
3.4
6.
6
9.9
9.
7
11.0
10
.5
10.4
9.
5
8.4
8.
0
7.8
7.
4
Aus
tria
11.7
10
.5
8.8
8.
9
9.2
9.
2
10.7
11
.3
12.1
11
.9
11.3
9.
3
7.9
8.
7
7.0
7.
0
7.2
8.
7
8.1
7.
3
Bel
gium
11.3
10
.4
11.9
11
.0
10.6
8.
9
8.5
9.
2
9.4
10
.0
11.3
8.
1
6.6
5.
7
4.9
4.
6
4.2
4.
0
4.0
4.
4
Can
ada
4.2
4.
6
4.5
2.
9
1.9
2.
3
1.3
2.
4
1.9
3.
2
4.4
4.
0
4.1
4.
7
5.1
4.
0
4.4
4.
0
4.0
4.
0
Cze
ch R
epub
lic4.
9
6.0
6.
2
6.3
5.
7
4.9
6.
1
7.8
7.
0
6.3
8.
5
7.6
6.
0
6.0
5.
6
6.6
6.
6
7.2
6.
8
6.6
D
enm
ark
-7.0
-5
.6
0.3
1.
5
2.4
-1
.7
-4.3
-1
.5
-3.0
-4
.1
0.7
1.
8
0.8
0.
1
2.3
-1
.8
4.4
5.
0
4.8
4.
5
Est
onia
-0.7
0.
3
-1.8
-9
.5
-9.3
-1
0.8
-1
0.2
-1
0.7
-6
.7
2.0
7.
3
4.1
5.
2
2.0
4.
0
3.4
6.
5
8.0
7.
6
7.6
Fi
nlan
d3.
5
3.0
2.
7
2.7
2.
3
3.0
1.
0
-0.4
-0
.4
-0.2
3.
4
3.2
1.
3
0.7
1.
3
-0.3
-1
.0
-2.1
-1
.5
-1.4
Ger
man
y9.
5
9.0
9.
6
9.6
10
.1
10.1
10
.1
10.1
10
.2
10.5
10
.0
10.0
9.
6
9.3
9.
0
9.4
9.
7
9.7
9.
6
9.4
H
unga
ry7.
1
5.3
6.
0
3.1
1.
7
4.5
5.
7
6.3
2.
2
1.5
3.
6
3.6
4.
1
2.6
3.
9
4.9
4.
4
5.5
6.
6
6.9
Ire
land
8.7
-3
.8
1.1
-0
.7
-0.5
0.
3
0.7
-2
.0
-2.1
3.
9
9.4
6.
4
3.6
3.
5
1.0
-0
.4
3.5
3.
9
3.4
2.
4
Italy
8.8
7.
4
8.9
9.
6
9.1
9.
6
9.1
8.
5
8.1
7.
8
7.1
4.
2
3.7
2.
0
3.6
3.
7
3.0
3.
3
3.7
3.
5
Japa
n8.
1
6.8
3.
7
3.1
2.
5
2.1
1.
4
1.1
0.
9
0.4
2.
4
2.0
2.
7
1.2
-0
.1
-0.8
1.
4
2.7
2.
4
1.8
K
orea
15.8
9.
2
5.5
1.
1
4.8
8.
2
6.7
5.
5
3.5
3.
8
4.8
4.
7
3.9
3.
9
5.6
7.
2
8.8
8.
8
8.8
8.
8
Latv
ia-1
5.1
-9
.8
-9.8
-9
.1
-7.0
-7
.6
-6.5
-1
1.4
-1
0.6
3.
6
5.9
-4
.4
-15.
0
-15.
6
-16.
1
-14.
7
-12.
7
-11.
2
-10.
2
-9.7
Lu
xem
bour
g
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
9.5
12
.1
13.0
13
.6
13.7
13
.5
15.8
16
.6
16.9
18
.1
18.1
Net
herla
nds
7.3
6.
2
8.1
7.
9
7.4
6.
8
5.7
3.
8
3.9
3.
7
7.1
4.
9
5.8
7.
2
7.3
6.
3
6.0
7.
2
7.2
7.
2
New
Zea
land
3.0
-2
.5
-1.4
-6
.8
-4.3
-3
.7
-5.9
-4
.1
-0.4
-2
.1
1.3
2.
2
2.4
2.
0
1.8
-0
.7
-1.1
-0
.2
0.4
0.
6
Nor
way
4.7
4.
3
3.1
8.
2
8.8
6.
9
9.7
-0
.5
0.9
3.
6
5.1
4.
0
5.8
7.
1
7.6
8.
2
10.4
7.
9
7.7
7.
6
Pol
and
10.6
10
.5
12.4
9.
0
7.9
4.
0
3.0
2.
7
2.2
0.
8
3.2
2.
4
-1.1
-1
.1
-0.1
-0
.7
-1.2
1.
0
2.6
3.
5
Slo
vak
Rep
ublic
6.0
5.
8
3.7
3.
4
1.1
0.
3
1.1
0.
1
1.9
0.
8
2.3
2.
4
0.8
0.
7
0.2
1.
4
3.1
3.
9
3.8
3.
7
Spa
in5.
2
5.8
5.
5
5.2
6.
7
5.0
3.
2
1.4
-1
.0
1.6
7.
3
3.7
4.
6
2.3
3.
8
3.2
2.
3
1.9
2.
4
2.5
S
wed
en2.
2
4.3
8.
3
8.1
7.
0
5.9
5.
2
6.9
9.
3
13.2
12
.3
11.1
12
.6
15.3
15
.3
15.9
16
.4
17.8
17
.3
16.8
S
witz
erla
nd14
.6
15.3
15
.5
15.3
14
.8
13.7
14
.0
15.8
17
.4
16.7
17
.1
17.0
17
.8
18.5
19
.1
20.1
19
.0
18.3
18
.5
18.6
Uni
ted
Sta
tes
4.4
4.
2
4.3
5.
0
4.8
4.
5
2.6
3.
3
2.9
4.
9
6.1
5.
6
6.0
7.
6
5.0
5.
6
5.8
5.
7
6.2
5.
7
Gro
ss s
avin
g
Fran
ce14
.7
14.5
15
.0
15.9
15
.3
15.5
14
.2
14.3
14
.8
14.7
15
.9
15.5
15
.2
14.7
14
.0
14.1
14
.1
14.1
14
.1
14.1
P
ortu
gal
11.4
10
.5
11.0
10
.9
10.0
10
.0
9.2
8.
0
7.0
6.
8
10.4
9.
2
7.5
7.
7
7.8
5.
2
4.4
4.
6
4.4
4.
2
Uni
ted
Kin
gdom
7.6
9.
0
9.9
9.
1
8.3
7.
2
6.5
6.
2
6.8
5.
4
9.3
11
.0
8.9
8.
3
6.7
6.
8
6.1
4.
7
3.7
3.
4
Not
e:
Sou
rce:
OE
CD
Eco
nom
ic O
utlo
ok 1
00 d
atab
ase.
2001
2008
2002
2003
2004
The
adop
tion
ofne
wna
tiona
lacc
ount
syst
ems
has
been
proc
eedi
ngat
anun
even
pace
amon
gco
untri
es,b
oth
with
resp
ectt
ova
riabl
esan
dth
etim
epe
riod
cove
red.
As
aco
nseq
uenc
e,th
ere
are
brea
ksin
man
yna
tiona
lser
ies.
See
tabl
e�N
atio
nalA
ccou
nts
Rep
ortin
gS
yste
ms,
base
year
san
dla
test
data
upda
tes�
atth
ebe
ginn
ing
ofth
eS
tatis
tical
Ann
ex.M
ostc
ount
ries
repo
rtho
useh
old
savi
ngon
ane
tbas
is(i.
e.gr
oss
savi
ngm
inus
cons
umpt
ion
offix
edca
pita
lby
hous
ehol
ds a
nd u
ninc
orpo
rate
d bu
sine
sses
). In
mos
t cou
ntrie
s "h
ouse
hold
s" re
fer t
o th
e ho
useh
old
sect
or p
lus
non-
prof
it in
stitu
tions
ser
vici
ng h
ouse
hold
s (in
som
e ca
ses
refe
rred
to a
s pe
rson
al s
avin
g).
1999
2016
2015
2017
2012
2005
2013
2000
2018
2010
2006
2011
2007
2009
2014
OECD ECONOMIC OUTLOOK, VOLUME 2016 ISSUE 2 © OECD 2016 – PRELIMINARY VERSION294
Page 37
STATISTICAL ANNEX
An
nex
Tabl
e27
.G
ross
nat
ion
alsa
vin
g
1 2
htt
p://
dx.d
oi.o
rg/1
0.17
87/8
8893
3438
277
Per
cen
t of n
omin
al G
DP
Aus
tralia
21.5
21
.7
21.7
20
.6
21.5
21
.3
21.5
21
.4
21.0
21
.8
21.5
21
.7
24.3
23
.0
23.6
24
.8
24.5
24
.2
23.7
22
.1
Aus
tria
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
Bel
gium
25.5
26
.9
26.8
27
.5
27.7
26
.7
26.7
26
.5
27.0
27
.0
27.6
28
.5
27.1
22
.6
26.3
24
.1
24.6
23
.2
23.8
..
Can
ada
19.4
20
.1
19.6
21
.0
23.6
22
.5
21.7
22
.0
23.5
24
.4
24.5
24
.2
24.2
18
.4
19.1
20
.7
20.8
21
.2
21.7
20
.0
Chi
le23
.6
23.1
21
.9
21.1
20
.9
21.1
21
.3
20.8
22
.9
23.6
25
.3
24.8
22
.4
22.3
24
.0
22.5
22
.0
20.7
20
.9
20.3
C
zech
Rep
ublic
30.2
26
.9
28.9
27
.1
27.8
27
.6
25.5
24
.7
25.4
26
.5
26.3
27
.4
26.2
22
.6
22.0
22
.3
23.9
23
.6
24.6
26
.1
Den
mar
k22
.5
23.6
23
.0
23.8
24
.6
25.6
25
.0
25.0
25
.4
26.4
27
.7
26.8
26
.7
22.1
24
.0
25.0
25
.2
26.2
27
.1
26.0
E
ston
ia21
.4
20.9
22
.4
21.2
23
.8
23.6
22
.2
22.9
21
.8
23.6
23
.9
23.8
22
.3
23.1
23
.2
26.5
27
.2
27.3
26
.9
25.4
Fi
nlan
d22
.7
26.0
27
.1
28.7
30
.7
31.3
30
.2
27.3
28
.8
28.0
28
.4
29.6
27
.8
23.2
23
.1
22.0
20
.6
19.5
19
.6
19.9
Fr
ance
20.8
22
.1
23.2
24
.0
23.8
23
.5
22.4
21
.9
22.3
22
.0
22.5
23
.0
22.7
19
.7
20.2
21
.0
19.7
19
.4
19.3
20
.4
Ger
man
y22
.1
22.2
22
.6
22.1
22
.2
22.0
21
.8
21.1
23
.7
23.5
25
.5
27.6
26
.5
24.0
25
.4
27.3
26
.4
26.3
27
.2
27.7
G
reec
e
..
..
..
17.6
16
.8
16.4
15
.9
16.4
16
.6
12.6
13
.9
11.6
8.
7
5.8
5.
7
5.0
8.
6
9.2
9.
0
9.2
H
unga
ry21
.8
22.6
22
.5
19.8
20
.4
20.7
19
.0
16.5
17
.4
16.7
18
.3
17.0
17
.9
19.5
21
.0
21.3
21
.1
24.5
24
.2
..
Ire
land
..
..
..
24
.4
24.9
23
.4
22.5
24
.6
25.4
25
.7
26.2
22
.8
17.8
14
.3
16.1
16
.1
17.6
22
.0
24.6
31
.8
Isra
el20
.9
21.8
22
.2
21.9
21
.2
20.9
19
.6
20.0
21
.4
23.9
25
.1
24.2
21
.2
22.0
21
.7
22.9
22
.8
23.0
23
.4
..
Ita
ly22
.3
22.1
21
.4
21.1
20
.5
20.9
21
.0
20.0
20
.6
19.9
20
.2
20.7
18
.8
17.0
16
.9
17.1
18
.1
18.4
18
.2
18.0
Ja
pan
29.1
29
.3
28.6
27
.3
27.4
25
.6
24.7
24
.9
25.6
25
.8
26.4
27
.5
25.9
22
.2
23.2
22
.3
22.0
21
.9
22.5
..
Kor
ea36
.2
36.2
37
.7
35.5
34
.1
32.1
31
.6
33.1
35
.2
33.4
32
.6
33.0
32
.8
32.7
34
.8
34.7
34
.4
34.5
34
.5
35.4
La
tvia
..
..
..
12
.9
19.1
19
.8
21.0
21
.7
20.1
22
.7
17.8
20
.4
22.4
29
.9
21.4
22
.0
22.5
21
.8
21.1
21
.0
Mex
ico
17.1
19
.3
23.1
22
.8
23.7
22
.5
20.8
21
.8
22.1
21
.8
22.8
23
.7
24.9
23
.5
21.2
22
.9
23.8
23
.4
23.0
25
.0
Net
herla
nds
28.6
28
.7
27.4
29
.1
29.5
27
.7
26.5
27
.4
28.7
28
.2
30.5
30
.8
27.6
27
.2
28.1
29
.4
29.3
28
.5
27.0
27
.7
New
Zea
land
18.2
19
.0
18.0
18
.5
20.0
22
.1
21.1
21
.7
20.4
17
.8
17.3
18
.5
15.6
18
.4
17.5
17
.5
17.5
20
.2
20.3
..
Nor
way
..
..
..
..
..
..
32.8
31
.6
34.0
38
.8
40.3
39
.5
41.7
35
.4
36.3
38
.2
39.0
38
.2
39.2
36
.9
Pol
and
19.8
19
.9
20.9
20
.0
19.3
18
.1
16.2
17
.0
14.3
16
.5
17.6
18
.3
17.7
16
.8
16.5
17
.7
17.7
18
.5
19.0
20
.6
Por
tuga
l19
.8
20.2
20
.6
20.2
17
.8
17.9
17
.2
16.2
15
.4
13.4
12
.5
13.0
11
.0
10.7
10
.8
13.1
13
.7
15.4
15
.0
15.2
S
lova
k R
epub
lic26
.6
27.0
25
.8
25.3
25
.0
24.3
23
.2
19.4
20
.7
21.2
20
.6
22.9
22
.1
17.7
19
.3
19.5
21
.3
22.5
22
.3
23.3
S
love
nia
..
..
..
24
.4
24.6
25
.3
25.5
25
.1
25.6
26
.3
28.3
28
.7
27.4
22
.6
21.7
21
.6
20.8
23
.3
26.0
25
.4
Spa
in21
.4
22.2
22
.3
22.5
22
.5
22.4
23
.1
23.9
23
.1
22.5
22
.3
21.7
20
.4
20.3
19
.7
18.6
19
.8
20.7
20
.8
..
S
wed
en23
.9
24.4
25
.3
26.3
27
.4
27.8
27
.1
28.2
28
.3
29.1
31
.4
33.6
33
.1
27.6
29
.6
29.9
29
.1
28.0
27
.8
29.3
S
witz
erla
nd31
.3
33.2
34
.0
34.6
36
.7
34.0
31
.4
35.5
35
.4
38.4
39
.4
34.7
28
.0
34.3
39
.3
35.0
35
.3
35.0
32
.9
34.7
U
nite
d K
ingd
om18
.5
18.1
18
.6
16.0
16
.7
16.4
16
.3
16.2
15
.7
16.4
15
.8
16.1
13
.8
11.8
13
.2
14.1
12
.4
12.3
12
.7
12.3
U
nite
d S
tate
s19
.5
20.7
21
.3
20.7
20
.6
19.5
18
.1
17.3
17
.5
17.9
19
.1
17.3
15
.4
14.3
15
.1
15.7
17
.7
18.3
19
.2
19.1
Not
e: B
ased
on
SN
A93
, SN
A08
, ES
A95
or E
SA
10.
S
ourc
e: N
atio
nal a
ccou
nts
of O
EC
D c
ount
ries
data
base
.
2001
2002
2003
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2015
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
OECD ECONOMIC OUTLOOK, VOLUME 2016 ISSUE 2 © OECD 2016 – PRELIMINARY VERSION 295
Page 38
STATISTICAL ANNEX
Annex Table 28. Household wealth and indebtedness
1 2 http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933438289
Per cent of nominal disposable income
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
CanadaNet wealth 634.1 669.6 695.2 701.5 638.7 682.6 706.5 711.7 743.0 767.0 799.1 818.4 Net financial wealth 273.9 297.1 304.8 299.5 243.8 273.7 291.8 284.9 303.7 319.6 343.2 353.9 Non-financial assets 360.2 372.5 390.4 402.0 394.9 408.9 414.7 426.8 439.3 447.4 455.9 464.4 Financial assets 398.3 429.5 442.0 444.7 394.1 432.3 452.3 447.2 466.8 482.6 508.5 521.5 of which: Equities 50.1 63.9 67.2 79.6 54.9 76.3 87.1 78.0 82.9 87.7 88.6 83.9 Liabilities 124.4 132.3 137.2 145.2 150.3 158.6 160.6 162.3 163.1 163.1 165.2 167.6 of which: Mortgages 75.2 79.4 82.4 88.1 91.5 96.2 99.0 101.3 103.0 103.5 105.7 108.3
FranceNet wealth 670.6 742.7 790.0 797.5 724.0 734.2 772.8 779.7 785.8 788.8 786.7 .. Net financial wealth 202.8 212.6 228.1 226.0 192.8 208.5 216.8 213.2 227.5 236.7 245.7 254.0 Non-financial assets 467.9 530.1 561.9 571.4 531.2 525.7 556.0 566.5 558.3 552.1 541.0 .. Financial assets 283.7 300.0 320.6 321.6 290.4 311.5 323.0 318.9 329.4 339.4 350.3 360.9 of which: Equities 84.5 91.4 105.6 104.3 73.8 81.0 84.2 78.4 87.1 91.1 95.4 101.4 Liabilities 80.9 87.4 92.5 95.6 97.6 103.0 106.3 105.7 101.9 102.7 104.5 106.8 of which: Long-term loans 58.3 63.4 67.7 71.6 74.9 78.7 81.2 83.9 85.3 86.9 88.0 89.5
GermanyNet wealth 572.7 586.0 586.2 611.1 596.9 621.3 626.2 624.6 636.9 651.7 665.0 .. Net financial wealth 166.3 179.3 176.3 189.7 173.4 186.2 192.8 188.8 197.2 205.4 213.3 219.2 Non-financial assets 406.5 406.7 409.9 421.4 423.5 435.1 433.4 435.8 439.7 446.3 451.8 .. Financial assets 276.7 287.4 282.1 292.4 272.9 286.5 291.1 285.4 292.4 299.9 307.0 312.1 of which: Equities 63.8 71.3 67.5 70.7 50.4 53.8 55.3 50.0 53.3 56.6 59.5 63.1 Liabilities 110.4 108.1 105.7 102.7 99.4 100.3 98.3 96.5 95.2 94.5 93.8 92.9 of which: Mortgages 72.2 71.5 71.4 69.5 67.4 68.2 66.9 65.7 65.2 .. .. ..
ItalyNet wealth 813.1 864.5 912.5 893.8 890.5 914.8 919.8 901.8 942.4 935.9 .. .. Net financial wealth 303.4 330.1 342.1 302.5 277.2 276.0 266.2 250.9 277.1 287.3 296.7 .. Non-financial assets 509.7 534.5 570.3 591.4 613.3 638.7 653.6 651.0 665.3 648.6 .. .. Financial assets 368.9 401.3 418.2 382.6 358.8 362.6 356.6 340.8 369.1 378.1 386.5 .. of which: Equities 68.4 93.3 112.6 84.2 65.3 58.2 50.3 44.2 53.3 62.3 63.9 .. Liabilities 65.5 71.3 76.1 80.2 81.6 86.5 90.4 89.9 92.0 90.8 89.7 ..
39.6 43.4 46.8 49.9 50.5 54.1 56.9 57.0 58.3 57.4 56.9 ..
JapanNet wealth 780.2 805.8 812.8 808.7 776.8 779.5 772.3 762.9 778.1 811.6 817.7 .. Net financial wealth 385.5 417.2 419.2 408.7 381.4 396.4 399.4 398.7 419.0 452.4 460.2 .. Non-financial assets 394.7 388.5 393.6 400.0 395.4 383.1 372.9 364.3 359.0 359.1 357.5 .. Financial assets 519.1 551.4 554.1 538.1 510.3 524.9 526.9 523.0 542.3 577.3 587.6 .. of which: Equities 48.9 77.3 77.0 55.6 34.5 34.9 36.0 33.3 39.8 58.0 58.8 .. Liabilities 133.6 134.1 134.9 129.4 128.9 128.5 127.4 124.3 123.2 124.9 127.4 .. of which: Mortgages1
64.4 64.8 66.0 65.3 65.7 66.2 66.6 67.4 67.7 68.3 68.5 ..
United KingdomNet wealth 746.1 766.8 785.7 800.7 702.8 716.8 748.2 775.0 777.2 796.0 875.0 878.6 Net financial wealth 311.6 333.4 324.9 316.2 278.2 293.7 313.1 341.3 344.7 349.3 401.9 393.1 Non-financial assets 434.5 433.4 460.9 484.5 424.5 423.1 435.1 433.7 432.5 446.7 473.1 485.5 Financial assets 465.9 490.4 493.1 489.7 447.9 455.4 469.6 498.7 497.1 500.0 553.9 543.6 of which: Equities 69.9 75.2 75.8 73.6 50.6 65.5 72.0 61.9 55.9 63.3 69.5 68.1 Liabilities 154.3 157.0 168.3 173.5 169.7 161.7 156.5 157.5 152.4 150.7 152.0 150.5 of which: Mortgages 110.1 112.6 120.9 126.8 125.4 121.5 118.3 117.2 114.8 113.8 112.5 111.4
United StatesNet wealth 620.7 658.8 659.9 632.8 507.2 528.4 552.3 538.2 559.7 636.6 644.6 644.8 Net financial wealth 342.3 353.7 365.1 365.6 285.5 314.7 347.2 340.9 359.2 416.9 424.2 419.4 Non-financial assets 278.4 305.2 294.8 267.2 221.7 213.7 205.1 197.2 200.5 219.7 220.4 225.3 Financial assets 464.6 483.1 499.2 502.6 415.4 443.3 470.0 456.1 469.2 528.2 533.0 526.8 of which: Equities 118.3 122.5 139.9 136.7 76.8 102.4 118.1 108.8 121.3 154.1 162.0 152.9 Liabilities 122.3 129.4 134.1 137.0 129.9 128.6 122.8 115.1 110.0 111.3 108.8 107.3 of which: Mortgages 89.1 96.6 100.6 103.0 98.1 97.1 90.1 83.9 78.1 77.5 73.8 71.7
Note:
1. Fiscal year.Source:
of which: Medium and long-term loans
Assets and liabilities are amounts outstanding at the end of the period, in per cent of nominal disposable income. For a more detailed description of the variables, see Sources & Methods of the OECD Economic Outlook (http://www.oecd.org/eco/sources-and-methods.htm).
Canada: Statistics Canada; France: INSEE; Germany: Deutsche Bundesbank, Federal Statistical Office (Destatis); Italy: Banca d'Italia; Japan: Economic Planning Agency; United Kingdom: Office for National Statistics; United States: Federal Reserve.
OECD ECONOMIC OUTLOOK, VOLUME 2016 ISSUE 2 © OECD 2016 – PRELIMINARY VERSION296
Page 39
STATISTICAL ANNEX
An
nex
Tabl
e29
.G
ener
algo
vern
men
tto
talo
utl
ays
1 2
htt
p://
dx.d
oi.o
rg/1
0.17
87/8
8893
3438
298
Per
cen
t of n
omin
al G
DP
Aus
tralia
34.3
34
.6
34.8
34
.2
33.4
34
.0
33.7
33
.6
33.6
34
.2
37.1
36
.6
35.6
36
.0
35.6
35
.7
35.7
36
.4
36.1
35
.7
Aus
tria
52.3
50
.7
51.4
51
.1
51.4
54
.0
51.4
50
.5
49.5
50
.3
54.5
53
.1
51.1
51
.5
51.3
52
.7
51.6
51
.1
50.5
50
.1
Bel
gium
50.1
49
.0
49.2
49
.5
50.7
48
.9
51.4
48
.4
48.2
50
.3
54.1
53
.3
54.4
55
.8
55.7
55
.1
53.9
53
.2
52.6
52
.1
Can
ada
41.9
40
.7
41.2
40
.5
40.4
39
.3
38.6
38
.8
38.6
38
.9
43.5
43
.2
41.7
41
.0
40.3
39
.0
40.4
41
.1
41.1
41
.0
Cze
ch R
epub
lic41
.0
40.4
42
.5
44.3
48
.5
42.1
41
.8
40.8
40
.0
40.2
43
.6
43.0
43
.0
44.5
42
.6
42.2
42
.0
40.4
40
.6
40.2
D
enm
ark
54.5
52
.7
52.8
53
.2
53.6
53
.0
51.2
49
.8
49.6
50
.4
56.5
56
.7
56.4
58
.0
55.8
55
.3
54.8
55
.4
55.1
54
.5
Est
onia
40.3
36
.4
35.0
36
.1
35.2
34
.3
34.0
33
.6
34.1
39
.8
46.0
40
.5
37.4
39
.3
38.5
38
.5
40.3
40
.0
40.1
39
.7
Finl
and
51.0
48
.0
47.3
48
.5
49.4
49
.3
49.3
48
.3
46.8
48
.3
54.8
54
.8
54.4
56
.2
57.5
58
.1
57.7
57
.5
57.1
56
.7
Fran
ce52
.1
51.1
51
.2
52.3
52
.8
52.6
52
.9
52.5
52
.2
53.0
56
.8
56.5
55
.9
56.8
57
.0
57.3
57
.0
56.5
56
.2
56.0
G
erm
any
47.8
44
.7
46.8
47
.2
47.7
46
.5
46.3
44
.7
42.8
43
.6
47.6
47
.4
44.8
44
.3
44.6
44
.3
44.0
44
.3
44.5
44
.3
Gre
ece
46.2
46
.3
45.9
45
.7
46.6
47
.6
45.5
45
.1
47.1
50
.9
54.1
52
.4
54.3
55
.4
62.4
50
.6
55.5
52
.3
52.2
51
.6
Hun
gary
48.7
47
.2
47.2
50
.9
49.1
48
.6
49.5
51
.6
50.1
48
.7
50.6
49
.5
49.7
48
.6
49.3
49
.0
50.0
49
.9
49.8
49
.8
Icel
and
41.6
41
.2
41.8
43
.3
44.7
43
.0
41.6
41
.1
41.0
55
.3
48.4
49
.3
45.7
45
.4
43.9
45
.3
42.9
41
.4
40.5
40
.0
Irela
nd33
.9
30.9
32
.5
33.1
33
.0
33.2
33
.3
33.8
35
.8
41.8
47
.1
65.3
46
.0
41.8
39
.8
37.8
29
.5
28.0
27
.0
26.3
Is
rael
50.2
48
.0
50.2
51
.2
50.6
47
.0
45.9
44
.6
42.6
42
.2
42.2
41
.1
40.5
41
.4
41.0
40
.7
39.7
39
.3
39.7
39
.8
Italy
47.4
45
.4
47.5
46
.8
47.2
46
.9
47.1
47
.6
46.8
47
.8
51.2
49
.9
49.4
50
.8
50.8
50
.9
50.4
49
.5
49.0
48
.8
Japa
n38
.2
38.7
38
.0
38.2
37
.8
36.6
36
.4
36.0
35
.8
36.9
41
.9
40.7
41
.8
41.8
42
.4
42.0
41
.3
41.0
40
.9
39.8
K
orea
25.7
24
.8
26.5
26
.2
32.6
29
.7
29.6
30
.2
29.8
32
.1
34.9
31
.1
32.4
32
.7
31.8
32
.0
32.4
31
.9
31.6
31
.5
Latv
ia40
.8
37.3
34
.8
35.2
33
.5
34.8
34
.3
36.1
34
.0
37.3
43
.7
44.8
39
.1
37.1
37
.0
37.5
37
.1
37.1
37
.4
36.9
Lu
xem
bour
g39
.2
37.6
38
.7
41.9
44
.1
44.3
44
.0
40.1
38
.2
40.2
46
.1
44.4
42
.7
44.3
43
.5
42.4
42
.2
42.4
41
.5
40.9
N
ethe
rland
s43
.5
41.8
43
.1
43.9
44
.7
43.7
42
.3
43.0
42
.4
43.6
48
.2
48.2
47
.0
47.1
46
.3
46.2
45
.1
44.7
43
.9
43.9
N
ew Z
eala
nd39
.4
37.5
37
.2
36.5
37
.0
36.6
37
.7
39.0
38
.7
40.7
41
.8
47.8
44
.8
43.6
42
.8
42.0
42
.1
41.0
40
.0
39.2
N
orw
ay47
.1
42.0
43
.8
46.7
47
.9
45.0
42
.1
40.8
41
.4
40.2
46
.1
45.0
43
.8
42.9
44
.0
45.9
48
.8
51.0
52
.1
52.6
P
olan
d43
.9
42.1
44
.8
45.3
45
.7
43.5
44
.3
44.6
43
.1
44.2
44
.9
45.7
43
.8
42.7
42
.4
42.1
41
.5
41.7
42
.4
42.5
P
ortu
gal
42.6
42
.6
44.1
43
.7
45.3
46
.1
46.7
45
.2
44.5
45
.3
50.2
51
.8
50.0
48
.5
49.9
51
.8
48.4
46
.2
45.9
45
.7
Slo
vak
Rep
ublic
47.9
52
.0
44.4
45
.1
39.9
37
.8
39.8
38
.8
36.3
36
.9
44.1
42
.1
40.8
40
.6
41.4
42
.0
45.6
43
.6
43.0
42
.1
Slo
veni
a45
.8
46.1
47
.0
45.8
45
.8
45.3
44
.9
44.2
42
.2
43.9
48
.2
49.3
50
.0
48.6
60
.3
50.0
47
.8
45.5
44
.4
42.9
S
pain
39.9
39
.1
38.5
38
.6
38.3
38
.7
38.3
38
.3
38.9
41
.1
45.8
45
.6
45.8
48
.1
45.6
44
.9
43.8
42
.8
41.8
40
.7
Sw
eden
56.7
53
.6
53.0
54
.2
54.3
52
.9
52.8
51
.4
49.7
50
.4
53.1
51
.3
50.7
51
.7
52.4
51
.5
50.3
50
.3
49.9
49
.3
Sw
itzer
land
33.9
34
.2
33.8
36
.3
35.6
35
.0
34.0
32
.2
30.9
31
.2
33.1
32
.9
32.9
33
.3
34.1
33
.8
33.9
34
.3
34.6
34
.7
Uni
ted
Kin
gdom
36.0
35
.9
37.2
38
.2
39.4
40
.6
41.2
41
.4
41.4
45
.2
48.5
48
.2
46.6
46
.5
44.9
43
.7
43.1
41
.3
40.9
40
.5
Uni
ted
Sta
tes1
34.3
33
.9
35.2
36
.3
36.8
36
.5
36.6
36
.4
37.2
39
.7
43.2
43
.2
42.0
40
.2
38.9
38
.2
37.9
38
.0
37.8
37
.3
Eur
o ar
ea47
.6
45.7
46
.7
47.0
47
.4
46.9
46
.7
46.1
45
.3
46.7
50
.7
50.6
49
.2
49.8
49
.7
49.4
48
.6
48.1
47
.7
47.4
To
tal O
EC
D39
.4
38.6
39
.6
40.2
39
.9
39.3
39
.2
39.0
39
.0
40.9
44
.4
44.0
43
.1
42.6
42
.0
41.4
41
.1
40.8
40
.5
40.1
Not
e: D
ata
refe
r to
the
gene
ral g
over
nmen
t sec
tor,
whi
ch is
a c
onso
lidat
ion
of a
ccou
nts
for t
he c
entra
l, st
ate
and
loca
l gov
ernm
ents
plu
s so
cial
sec
urity
.
1. T
hese
dat
a in
clud
e ou
tlays
net
of o
pera
ting
surp
luse
s of
pub
lic e
nter
pris
es.
Sou
rce:
OE
CD
Eco
nom
ic O
utlo
ok 1
00 d
atab
ase.
2004
2003
2005
2006
2018
2016
2012
2013
2014
2007
2008
2009
2015
2017
2010
2011
1999
2000
2001
2002
OECD ECONOMIC OUTLOOK, VOLUME 2016 ISSUE 2 © OECD 2016 – PRELIMINARY VERSION 297
Page 40
STATISTICAL ANNEX
An
nex
Tabl
e30
.G
ener
algo
vern
men
tto
talt
axan
dn
on-t
axre
ceip
ts
1 2
htt
p://
dx.d
oi.o
rg/1
0.17
87/8
8893
3438
301
Per
cen
t of n
omin
al G
DP
Aus
tralia
36.9
36
.1
34.9
35
.8
36.1
35
.8
35.9
36
.1
35.5
33
.9
33.1
32
.0
32.1
32
.9
33.6
33
.4
33.9
33
.8
34.0
34
.1
Aus
tria
49.7
48
.6
50.8
49
.7
49.6
49
.2
48.8
48
.0
48.1
48
.8
49.1
48
.6
48.5
49
.2
49.9
50
.0
50.6
49
.6
49.5
49
.5
Bel
gium
49.5
49
.0
49.4
49
.6
49.0
48
.8
48.9
48
.7
48.3
49
.2
48.8
49
.3
50.3
51
.6
52.7
52
.0
51.3
50
.3
50.3
49
.9
Can
ada
43.6
43
.3
41.8
40
.3
40.3
40
.0
40.2
40
.6
40.4
39
.1
39.6
38
.4
38.4
38
.5
38.5
38
.5
39.1
38
.9
38.8
38
.8
Cze
ch R
epub
lic37
.6
36.9
37
.2
38.0
42
.1
39.4
38
.7
38.5
39
.3
38.1
38
.1
38.6
40
.3
40.5
41
.4
40.3
41
.3
40.2
40
.4
40.3
D
enm
ark
55.4
54
.6
54.0
53
.2
53.5
55
.1
56.2
54
.8
54.6
53
.6
53.7
54
.0
54.4
54
.5
54.8
56
.7
53.5
54
.7
53.8
53
.3
Est
onia
37.0
36
.3
35.2
36
.5
37.0
36
.7
35.1
36
.5
36.9
37
.1
43.8
40
.7
38.6
39
.1
38.4
39
.1
40.5
40
.4
39.6
39
.6
Finl
and
52.6
54
.9
52.3
52
.6
51.8
51
.5
51.9
52
.3
51.9
52
.4
52.2
52
.1
53.3
54
.0
54.9
54
.9
54.9
54
.8
54.6
54
.5
Fran
ce50
.5
49.8
49
.7
49.2
48
.9
49.1
49
.8
50.1
49
.7
49.8
49
.6
49.7
50
.8
52.0
52
.9
53.3
53
.5
53.2
53
.2
53.1
G
erm
any
46.1
45
.6
43.7
43
.3
43.6
42
.7
42.8
43
.0
42.9
43
.5
44.4
43
.1
43.8
44
.2
44.5
44
.6
44.7
44
.7
44.9
45
.0
Gre
ece
40.4
42
.3
40.5
39
.7
38.7
38
.8
39.3
39
.2
40.4
40
.7
38.9
41
.2
44.0
46
.6
49.2
47
.0
48.0
50
.3
52.0
52
.1
Hun
gary
43.5
44
.1
43.2
42
.1
42.0
42
.3
41.7
42
.3
45.0
45
.1
46.0
45
.0
44.2
46
.2
46.8
46
.9
48.5
48
.2
47.8
47
.7
Icel
and
42.4
42
.5
40.8
40
.5
41.6
42
.7
46.1
47
.0
45.9
42
.3
38.7
39
.6
40.1
41
.7
42.1
45
.2
42.1
58
.0
41.0
40
.5
Irela
nd36
.4
35.8
33
.5
32.7
33
.4
34.5
34
.9
36.6
36
.1
34.8
33
.3
33.2
33
.4
33.9
34
.2
34.1
27
.6
27.1
26
.5
26.3
Is
rael
44.8
44
.8
44.6
44
.4
43.0
41
.9
41.9
42
.9
41.9
39
.5
36.6
37
.7
37.7
36
.7
37.0
37
.5
37.6
36
.8
36.8
36
.7
Italy
45.6
44
.1
44.1
43
.7
43.8
43
.3
43.0
44
.0
45.3
45
.2
45.9
45
.7
45.7
47
.8
48.1
47
.9
47.8
47
.1
46.6
46
.4
Japa
n31
.0
31.2
32
.0
30.5
30
.1
30.6
31
.6
34.7
33
.7
35.1
33
.1
32.4
33
.0
33.1
34
.0
35.8
35
.9
35.8
35
.7
35.5
K
orea
27.4
29
.2
29.5
29
.7
30.7
30
.0
31.1
32
.6
34.0
34
.4
33.6
32
.0
33.3
33
.7
33.1
33
.3
33.8
33
.8
34.1
34
.1
Latv
ia37
.1
34.5
32
.8
32.9
31
.9
33.8
33
.9
35.5
33
.3
33.2
34
.6
36.3
35
.7
36.3
36
.1
35.9
35
.8
36.1
36
.3
36.1
Lu
xem
bour
g42
.6
43.5
44
.6
44.4
44
.2
43.0
44
.1
42.1
42
.4
43.6
45
.4
43.8
43
.2
44.7
44
.4
43.8
43
.7
44.2
42
.5
41.7
N
ethe
rland
s43
.8
43.6
42
.8
41.8
41
.7
41.9
42
.1
43.2
42
.6
43.8
42
.7
43.2
42
.7
43.2
43
.9
43.9
43
.2
43.3
43
.8
43.9
N
ew Z
eala
nd39
.2
39.2
38
.6
39.8
40
.5
40.5
42
.3
44.2
43
.0
41.2
39
.0
40.7
40
.7
41.4
42
.0
41.8
41
.7
40.8
40
.1
40.1
N
orw
ay53
.0
57.1
57
.0
55.8
55
.1
55.9
56
.9
58.8
58
.6
58.9
56
.4
56.0
57
.3
56.8
54
.8
54.6
55
.2
54.0
55
.0
55.4
P
olan
d41
.6
39.1
40
.0
40.4
39
.6
38.4
40
.3
41.0
41
.3
40.6
37
.7
38.4
39
.0
39.0
38
.4
38.7
38
.9
39.3
39
.4
39.5
P
ortu
gal
39.5
39
.4
39.3
40
.4
40.9
39
.9
40.5
40
.9
41.5
41
.6
40.4
40
.6
42.6
42
.9
45.1
44
.6
44.0
43
.7
43.8
43
.8
Slo
vak
Rep
ublic
40.6
40
.0
38.0
37
.1
37.2
35
.5
36.9
35
.2
34.4
34
.5
36.3
34
.7
36.5
36
.3
38.7
39
.3
42.9
41
.4
41.5
41
.5
Slo
veni
a42
.8
42.5
43
.1
43.4
43
.2
43.4
43
.6
43.0
42
.1
42.5
42
.3
43.6
43
.3
44.5
45
.3
45.0
45
.1
43.1
42
.8
41.9
S
pain
38.6
38
.1
37.9
38
.2
37.9
38
.6
39.5
40
.5
40.9
36
.7
34.8
36
.2
36.2
37
.6
38.6
38
.9
38.6
38
.2
38.2
37
.8
Sw
eden
57.4
56
.9
54.5
52
.7
53.0
53
.2
54.6
53
.5
53.0
52
.4
52.4
51
.2
50.5
50
.7
51.0
49
.9
50.5
50
.5
49.9
49
.4
Sw
itzer
land
32.9
33
.7
33.0
33
.6
33.2
32
.8
32.8
32
.5
31.9
33
.2
33.9
33
.3
33.6
33
.5
33.6
33
.5
35.0
35
.8
35.9
35
.7
Uni
ted
Kin
gdom
36.7
37
.0
37.6
36
.2
36.2
37
.1
37.8
38
.6
38.6
40
.3
37.9
38
.6
39.0
38
.2
39.2
38
.1
38.8
38
.0
37.8
37
.7
Uni
ted
Sta
tes1
34.2
34
.7
33.8
31
.5
30.9
31
.0
32.4
33
.3
33.5
32
.5
30.4
31
.0
31.3
31
.2
33.3
33
.2
33.5
33
.1
32.9
31
.9
Eur
o ar
ea46
.1
45.4
44
.7
44.2
44
.2
43.9
44
.1
44.6
44
.7
44.5
44
.5
44.4
45
.0
46.1
46
.8
46.8
46
.5
46.3
46
.2
46.1
To
tal O
EC
D38
.2
38.2
37
.8
36.5
35
.6
35.6
36
.4
37.4
37
.4
37.4
36
.1
36.1
36
.5
36.8
37
.9
37.9
38
.0
37.7
37
.6
37.1
Not
e: D
ata
refe
r to
the
gene
ral g
over
nmen
t sec
tor,
whi
ch is
a c
onso
lidat
ion
of a
ccou
nts
for c
entra
l, st
ate
and
loca
l gov
ernm
ents
plu
s so
cial
sec
urity
.
1. E
xclu
des
the
oper
atin
g su
rplu
ses
of p
ublic
ent
erpr
ises
.
S
ourc
e: O
EC
D E
cono
mic
Out
look
100
dat
abas
e.
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2017
2018
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
OECD ECONOMIC OUTLOOK, VOLUME 2016 ISSUE 2 © OECD 2016 – PRELIMINARY VERSION298
Page 41
STATISTICAL ANNEX
An
nex
Tabl
e31
.G
ener
algo
vern
men
tfi
nan
cial
bala
nce
s
1 2
htt
p://
dx.d
oi.o
rg/1
0.17
87/8
8893
3438
313
Sur
plus
(+) o
r def
icit
(-) a
s a
per c
ent o
f nom
inal
GD
P
Aus
tralia
2.6
1.
5
0.0
1.
6
2.7
1.
8
2.2
2.
6
2.0
-0
.3
-4.0
-4
.6
-3.5
-3
.0
-2.0
-2
.3
-1.8
-2
.6
-2.0
-1
.5
Aus
tria
-2.6
-2
.1
-0.7
-1
.4
-1.8
-4
.9
-2.6
-2
.6
-1.4
-1
.5
-5.4
-4
.5
-2.6
-2
.2
-1.4
-2
.7
-1.0
-1
.5
-1.0
-0
.6
Bel
gium
-0.6
-0
.1
0.2
0.
0
-1.8
-0
.2
-2.6
0.
2
0.1
-1
.1
-5.4
-4
.0
-4.1
-4
.2
-3.0
-3
.1
-2.5
-3
.0
-2.2
-2
.2
Bra
zil
-5.2
-3
.3
-3.3
-4
.4
-5.2
-2
.9
-3.5
-3
.6
-2.7
-2
.0
-3.2
-2
.4
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-2
.3
-3.0
-6
.0
-10.
4
-10.
2
-8.9
-7
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Can
ada
1.7
2.
6
0.5
-0
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0.
8
1.6
1.
8
1.8
0.
2
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-4
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-2
.5
-1.9
-0
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-1.3
-2
.2
-2.3
-2
.2
Chi
na-2
.3
-2.8
-2
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.0
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-0
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1.
6
1.1
-1
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-0.7
-0
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0.1
-0
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-0.6
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.3
-1.8
-2
.3
-2.7
C
zech
Rep
ublic
-3.4
-3
.5
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-6
.3
-6.4
-2
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-3.1
-2
.3
-0.7
-2
.1
-5.5
-4
.4
-2.7
-3
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-1
.9
-0.6
-0
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-0.2
0.
1
Den
mar
k0.
9
1.9
1.
1
0.0
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2.1
5.
0
5.0
5.
0
3.2
-2
.8
-2.7
-2
.1
-3.5
-1
.0
1.4
-1
.3
-0.7
-1
.3
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E
ston
ia-3
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0.
2
0.4
1.
8
2.4
1.
1
2.9
2.
7
-2.7
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0.2
1.
2
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-0
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0.7
0.
1
0.4
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Fi
nlan
d1.
7
6.9
5.
0
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2.
4
2.2
2.
6
3.9
5.
1
4.2
-2
.5
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-1
.0
-2.2
-2
.6
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-2
.8
-2.7
-2
.5
-2.2
Fr
ance
-1.6
-1
.3
-1.4
-3
.1
-3.9
-3
.5
-3.2
-2
.3
-2.5
-3
.2
-7.2
-6
.8
-5.1
-4
.8
-4.0
-4
.0
-3.5
-3
.3
-3.0
-2
.9
Ger
man
y-1
.7
0.9
-3
.1
-3.9
-4
.2
-3.8
-3
.4
-1.7
0.
2
-0.2
-3
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-1
.0
0.0
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0.3
0.
7
0.5
0.
5
0.7
G
reec
e-5
.8
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-5
.5
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-7
.8
-8.8
-6
.2
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-6
.7
-10.
2
-15.
1
-11.
2
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3
-8.8
-1
3.2
-3
.6
-7.5
-2
.0
-0.2
0.
5
Hun
gary
-5.1
-3
.0
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-8
.8
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-6
.3
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-9
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-3
.6
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-4
.5
-5.5
-2
.3
-2.6
-2
.1
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-1
.6
-2.0
-2
.0
Icel
and
0.8
1.
2
-1.0
-2
.8
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-0
.3
4.5
5.
9
4.9
-1
3.0
-9
.7
-9.8
-5
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-0.1
-0
.8
16.6
0.
5
0.5
In
dia1
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-9
.5
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0
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-8
.5
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-6
.7
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-4
.1
-8.6
-9
.6
-7.1
-7
.8
-6.9
-6
.7
-6.5
-7
.2
-7.0
-6
.6
-6.4
In
done
sia
-0.2
-1
.1
-2.2
-1
.2
-1.6
-0
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-0
.8
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-0
.1
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-0
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-2
.1
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-2
.5
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-2
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-2.9
-2
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Irela
nd2.
4
4.9
1.
0
-0.3
0.
4
1.3
1.
6
2.8
0.
3
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-1
3.8
-3
2.1
-1
2.6
-8
.0
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-0
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0.
0
Isra
el-5
.3
-3.2
-5
.6
-6.8
-7
.6
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.0
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-0
.7
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-5
.6
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.7
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.0
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-2
.1
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.9
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Ita
ly-1
.8
-1.3
-3
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-3
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-3.6
-4
.2
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-1
.5
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Ja
pan
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-8
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Kor
ea1.
6
4.4
3.
0
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1.
6
2.3
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2
2.3
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1.0
1.
0
1.0
1.
3
1.3
1.
4
1.9
2.
5
2.6
La
tvia
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-0
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-8
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Lith
uani
a-2
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xem
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5
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0
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2
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1
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2
3.4
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5
0.3
1.
0
1.5
1.
6
1.7
1.
0
0.9
N
ethe
rland
s0.
3
1.9
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2
0.2
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0.
0
0.0
N
ew Z
eala
nd-0
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1.7
1.
4
3.3
3.
5
3.9
4.
6
5.2
4.
4
0.5
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1
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orw
ay5.
9
15.1
13
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7.
2
10.9
14
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18.0
17
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18.7
10
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11.0
13
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13.8
10
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8.8
6.
4
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9
2.8
P
olan
d-2
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1.2
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R
ussi
a
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1.
4
4.9
4.
9
6.8
4.
6
5.9
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3.
1
2.0
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S
lova
k R
epub
lic-7
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0
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Slo
veni
a-3
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5.0
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Sou
th A
frica
-3.7
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Spa
in-1
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0.0
1.
2
2.2
2.
0
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1.0
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0.5
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S
wed
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8
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4
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1.
8
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3.
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2
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S
witz
erla
nd-0
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0.
9
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0.
8
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8
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1
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U
nite
d K
ingd
om0.
7
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0.
4
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0.6
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-7.7
-8
.3
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.8
Uni
ted
Sta
tes
0.0
0.
8
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-4
.8
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.5
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.1
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-7
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8
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2
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8
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E
uro
area
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-0
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.0
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-1
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.8
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-1
.3
Tota
l OE
CD
-1.2
-0
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-1.8
-3
.6
-4.3
-3
.7
-2.8
-1
.6
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-3
.5
-8.4
-7
.9
-6.6
-5
.8
-4.1
-3
.5
-3.0
-3
.1
-3.0
-2
.9
Gen
eral
gov
ernm
ent f
inan
cial
bal
ance
s ex
clud
ing
soci
al s
ecur
ityU
nite
d S
tate
s-1
.2
-0.6
-2
.9
-6.3
-7
.5
-6.8
-5
.5
-4.4
-5
.1
-8.5
-1
4.1
-1
3.0
-1
1.2
-9
.4
-5.9
-5
.2
-4.5
-5
.0
-5.2
-5
.6
Japa
n-8
.5
-8.6
-6
.6
-8.0
-7
.6
-6.1
-5
.3
-1.5
-2
.2
-1.7
-8
.3
-7.2
-7
.7
-7.8
-7
.8
-5.5
-4
.8
-4.5
-4
.5
..
N
ote:
1. F
isca
l yea
r.
Sou
rce:
OE
CD
Eco
nom
ic O
utlo
ok 1
00 d
atab
ase.
Fina
ncia
lbal
ance
sin
clud
eon
e-of
ffac
tors
,suc
has
thos
ere
sulti
ngfro
mth
esa
leof
mob
ilete
leph
one
licen
ses.
As
data
are
ona
natio
nala
ccou
nts
basi
s,th
ego
vern
men
tfin
anci
alba
lanc
esm
aydi
ffer
from
the
num
bers
repo
rted
toth
eE
uro p
ean
Com
mis
sion
und
er th
e E
xces
sive
Def
icit
Pro
cedu
re fo
r som
e E
U c
ount
ries.
For
mor
e de
tails
, see
Sou
rces
& M
etho
ds o
f the
OE
CD
Eco
nom
ic O
utlo
ok (h
ttp://
ww
w.o
ecd.
org/
eco/
sour
ces-
and-
met
hods
.htm
).
2011
2012
2013
2014
2006
2005
2000
2003
2018
2010
2008
2015
2002
2007
1999
2017
2001
2016
2009
2004
OECD ECONOMIC OUTLOOK, VOLUME 2016 ISSUE 2 © OECD 2016 – PRELIMINARY VERSION 299
Page 42
STATISTICAL ANNEX
An
nex
Tabl
e32
.G
ener
algo
vern
men
tcy
clic
ally
-ad
just
edba
lan
ces
1 2
htt
p://
dx.d
oi.o
rg/1
0.17
87/8
8893
3438
323
Sur
plus
(+) o
r def
icit
(-) a
s a
per c
ent o
f pot
entia
l GD
P
Aus
tralia
2.5
1.
3
0.1
1.
2
2.5
1.
3
1.7
2.
3
1.1
-0
.8
-4.1
-4
.4
-2.9
-2
.7
-1.2
-1
.4
-0.8
-1
.7
-1.2
-1
.1
Aus
tria
-3.3
-3
.4
-1.3
-1
.6
-1.1
-4
.3
-2.2
-3
.2
-3.0
-2
.8
-3.6
-3
.0
-2.2
-1
.5
0.0
-1
.2
0.6
-0
.1
0.1
0.
3
Bel
gium
-1.2
-1
.5
-0.2
-0
.1
-1.1
-0
.6
-3.2
-0
.8
-2.1
-2
.7
-4.5
-4
.1
-4.6
-4
.0
-2.0
-2
.5
-2.2
-2
.6
-1.9
-2
.0
Can
ada
1.5
2.
1
0.3
-1
.4
-0.8
-0
.1
0.4
0.
6
0.8
-0
.2
-1.5
-3
.1
-2.3
-1
.4
-0.9
0.
1
-0.4
-1
.1
-1.7
-2
.1
Cze
ch R
epub
lic-2
.8
-3.1
-4
.7
-4.6
-4
.6
-1.6
-3
.1
-3.7
-3
.0
-4.4
-4
.9
-4.2
-2
.8
-3.0
0.
4
-0.7
-0
.4
0.0
-0
.2
-0.1
D
enm
ark
0.3
0.
6
0.4
-0
.1
0.3
1.
8
4.2
3.
0
3.2
2.
1
-1.0
-1
.5
-1.2
-2
.3
0.1
2.
3
-0.7
0.
0
-0.8
-1
.0
Est
onia
..
1.
9
1.6
1.
6
2.3
2.
4
-0.7
-1
.4
-3.1
-5
.1
3.7
5.
0
3.2
0.
9
1.2
1.
6
1.0
1.
5
0.3
0.
1
Finl
and
1.8
5.
9
4.5
4.
4
3.1
2.
2
2.4
2.
8
2.4
1.
9
0.3
-1
.2
-0.9
-0
.9
-0.7
-0
.6
-0.2
-0
.5
-0.6
-0
.7
Fran
ce-1
.8
-2.4
-2
.3
-3.4
-3
.7
-3.9
-3
.6
-3.3
-4
.0
-3.8
-5
.4
-5.6
-4
.5
-3.8
-2
.7
-2.4
-2
.0
-1.8
-1
.6
-1.8
G
erm
any
-1.3
0.
5
-3.6
-3
.9
-3.4
-2
.9
-2.6
-2
.1
-1.0
-1
.0
-0.8
-3
.3
-1.2
-0
.1
-0.1
0.
2
0.5
-0
.1
-0.3
-0
.5
Gre
ece
-5.0
-3
.3
-4.9
-5
.7
-8.6
-1
0.6
-7
.4
-8.9
-1
0.8
-1
4.4
-1
7.6
-1
1.2
-6
.3
-1.7
-4
.4
3.1
-0
.4
4.4
5.
7
5.7
H
unga
ry-4
.0
-2.1
-3
.1
-8.5
-7
.1
-7.3
-9
.7
-12.
3
-7.2
-5
.6
-2.7
-3
.0
-4.6
-0
.3
-1.0
-1
.6
-1.8
-1
.9
-2.6
-2
.8
Icel
and
0.7
0.
4
-1.9
-2
.2
-2.2
-2
.1
1.3
2.
7
-1.0
-1
9.0
-8
.9
-5.7
-2
.0
0.0
0.
1
1.7
-0
.5
15.7
-1
.8
-2.0
Ire
land
0.8
2.
6
-1.0
-2
.1
-0.6
-0
.4
-0.7
-0
.4
-3.2
-7
.3
-10.
8
-28.
8
-9.9
-4
.7
-3.0
-3
.7
-2.1
-1
.5
-1.4
-1
.1
Isra
el-5
.0
-5.5
-5
.9
-5.3
-4
.8
-3.3
-2
.6
-1.2
-1
.3
-3.1
-5
.1
-3.8
-3
.5
-4.8
-4
.4
-3.6
-2
.1
-2.6
-3
.1
-3.2
Ita
ly-1
.4
-2.2
-4
.5
-3.6
-3
.5
-3.8
-4
.5
-4.6
-2
.9
-3.3
-2
.9
-2.7
-2
.6
-0.3
0.
7
0.1
0.
1
-0.2
-0
.7
-1.1
Ja
pan
-5.1
-5
.9
-4.2
-5
.7
-6.1
-5
.2
-4.3
-1
.2
-2.7
-1
.9
-6.3
-7
.6
-7.7
-8
.2
-8.5
-6
.1
-5.4
-5
.4
-5.9
-5
.2
Kor
ea2.
7
4.5
3.
3
3.2
-1
.8
0.2
1.
6
2.0
3.
5
1.9
-0
.7
0.7
0.
7
1.2
1.
7
1.7
2.
0
2.7
3.
4
3.5
La
tvia
-2.6
-1
.4
-0.6
-1
.0
-1.1
-1
.2
-2.0
-4
.4
-6.5
-7
.8
-6.0
-3
.9
-1.2
0.
7
0.4
-0
.2
-0.1
0.
5
0.2
0.
1
Luxe
mbo
urg
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
1.
2
1.2
2.
3
2.6
0.
9
2.5
3.
9
3.9
3.
6
3.4
3.
2
1.9
1.
3
Net
herla
nds
-0.8
0.
3
-1.7
-2
.2
-2.3
-1
.0
0.2
-0
.3
-1.4
-1
.5
-4.4
-4
.2
-3.8
-2
.3
-0.3
-0
.4
-0.5
-0
.5
0.3
-0
.1
New
Zea
land
-0.2
1.
5
1.8
3.
0
2.6
2.
7
3.7
4.
4
3.1
0.
7
-2.0
-6
.3
-3.3
-1
.8
-0.1
0.
2
-0.2
-0
.5
-0.6
0.
1
Nor
way
1-0
.3
1.2
1.
0
-0.6
-1
.7
-0.8
-0
.4
0.6
1.
6
1.0
-0
.2
0.3
0.
8
0.3
-0
.3
-0.7
0.
3
-0.6
-1
.1
-1.3
P
olan
d-2
.1
-2.8
-3
.2
-2.3
-3
.6
-3.4
-2
.2
-2.7
-2
.3
-4.0
-7
.2
-7.3
-5
.5
-3.6
-3
.3
-2.8
-2
.3
-2.0
-2
.7
-2.7
P
ortu
gal
-4.7
-5
.4
-6.7
-4
.5
-4.3
-6
.3
-6.0
-4
.4
-3.9
-4
.3
-8.4
-1
0.6
-5
.8
-2.2
-0
.7
-3.5
-1
.9
-0.8
-1
.1
-1.6
S
love
nia
-2.5
-3
.3
-3.2
-1
.9
-2.0
-1
.8
-1.6
-2
.7
-3.3
-4
.9
-5.0
-5
.0
-6.0
-2
.1
-11.
6
-3.1
-1
.3
-1.4
-1
.1
-0.8
S
pain
-0.8
-1
.8
-1.8
-1
.6
-1.6
-1
.4
-0.6
-0
.3
-1.1
-6
.7
-9.6
-7
.1
-6.0
-4
.3
0.4
0.
8
-0.1
-1
.2
-1.2
-1
.3
Sw
eden
1.2
2.
5
1.5
-0
.9
-0.7
0.
0
1.2
0.
0
0.5
1.
2
3.0
1.
1
0.4
0.
6
0.4
-0
.3
0.3
-0
.3
-0.8
-0
.9
Sw
itzer
land
-0.7
-1
.0
-1.2
-2
.3
-1.3
-1
.5
-0.8
-0
.1
-0.2
1.
0
1.4
0.
6
1.0
0.
8
0.1
0.
2
2.0
2.
4
2.2
1.
7
Uni
ted
Kin
gdom
0.8
0.
9
0.3
-2
.0
-3.7
-4
.0
-4.5
-4
.2
-4.6
-5
.4
-7.7
-7
.3
-5.7
-6
.4
-4.2
-4
.9
-3.9
-3
.0
-2.6
-2
.0
Uni
ted
Sta
tes
-0.8
-0
.4
-1.6
-4
.6
-6.0
-6
.2
-5.5
-4
.6
-5.0
-7
.3
-10.
5
-10.
3
-8.8
-7
.4
-4.0
-3
.9
-3.7
-4
.3
-4.7
-6
.0
Eur
o ar
ea-1
.5
-1.1
-2
.9
-3.1
-3
.0
-3.0
-2
.8
-2.5
-2
.4
-3.3
-4
.4
-4.9
-3
.4
-1.9
-0
.8
-0.6
-0
.5
-0.7
-0
.7
-0.9
To
tal O
EC
D-1
.2
-1.0
-1
.9
-3.5
-4
.3
-4.2
-3
.7
-2.9
-3
.1
-4.3
-6
.7
-6.9
-5
.7
-4.8
-2
.9
-2.6
-2
.3
-2.6
-2
.8
-3.3
1.
As
a pe
rcen
tage
of m
ainl
and
pote
ntia
l GD
P. T
he fi
nanc
ial b
alan
ces
show
n ar
e ad
just
ed to
exc
lude
net
reve
nues
from
pet
role
um a
ctiv
ities
. S
ourc
e: O
EC
D E
cono
mic
Out
look
100
dat
abas
e.
Not
e: F
or m
ore
deta
ils o
n th
e m
etho
dolo
gy u
sed
for e
stim
atin
g th
e cy
clic
al c
ompo
nent
of g
over
nmen
t bal
ance
s, s
ee S
ourc
es &
Met
hods
of t
he O
EC
D E
cono
mic
Out
look
(http
://w
ww
.oec
d.or
g/ec
o/so
urce
s-an
d-m
etho
ds.h
tm).
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2017
2018
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
OECD ECONOMIC OUTLOOK, VOLUME 2016 ISSUE 2 © OECD 2016 – PRELIMINARY VERSION300
Page 43
STATISTICAL ANNEX
An
nex
Tabl
e33
.G
ener
algo
vern
men
tu
nd
erly
ing
bala
nce
s 1 2
htt
p://
dx.d
oi.o
rg/1
0.17
87/8
8893
3438
335
Sur
plus
(+) o
r def
icit
(-) a
s a
per c
ent o
f pot
entia
l GD
P
Aus
tralia
2.3
1.
2
0.2
1.
3
2.3
1.
1
1.5
2.
1
0.9
-1
.1
-4.1
-4
.1
-2.9
-2
.7
-1.5
-1
.5
-1.5
-1
.8
-1.2
-1
.1
Aus
tria
-3.3
-3
.7
-0.9
-1
.5
-1.2
-0
.8
-2.5
-3
.4
-3.1
-3
.0
-3.1
-3
.0
-2.3
-1
.3
-0.6
0.
1
1.2
0.
1
0.3
0.
5
Bel
gium
-1.2
-1
.3
-0.3
-0
.3
-0.7
-1
.0
-1.0
-1
.1
-1.9
-2
.5
-4.0
-3
.7
-3.7
-2
.9
-2.0
-2
.2
-1.8
-2
.5
-1.9
-2
.0
Can
ada
1.5
2.
0
0.1
-1
.5
-0.8
0.
0
0.4
0.
7
0.8
-0
.2
-1.3
-2
.9
-2.1
-1
.2
-0.7
0.
2
-0.3
-1
.1
-1.7
-2
.1
Cze
ch R
epub
lic-3
.4
-4.8
-3
.9
-3.3
-6
.4
-2.2
-2
.8
-4.1
-3
.4
-4.4
-5
.6
-4.7
-3
.2
0.2
0.
2
-0.6
-0
.2
0.0
-0
.2
-0.1
D
enm
ark
0.4
0.
6
0.0
-0
.1
0.3
1.
7
4.1
2.
9
3.1
2.
5
-1.0
-1
.5
-1.1
-1
.1
0.2
1.
2
-1.2
-0
.6
-0.6
-0
.7
Est
onia
..
1.
7
1.6
1.
6
2.2
2.
2
-0.7
-1
.9
-3.0
-3
.8
1.0
1.
7
1.2
1.
8
1.0
1.
9
1.6
1.
8
0.7
0.
2
Finl
and
2.1
5.
8
4.6
4.
4
3.1
2.
2
2.4
2.
7
2.4
1.
9
0.4
-1
.2
-0.8
-0
.9
-0.8
-0
.5
0.0
-0
.4
-0.6
-0
.7
Fran
ce-1
.6
-2.5
-2
.2
-3.4
-3
.8
-4.0
-3
.7
-3.3
-4
.1
-3.7
-5
.2
-5.6
-4
.6
-3.8
-2
.8
-2.5
-2
.2
-1.7
-1
.5
-1.8
G
erm
any
-1.2
-1
.5
-3.0
-3
.4
-2.9
-2
.6
-2.3
-2
.0
-1.0
-0
.7
-0.7
-2
.3
-1.2
-0
.2
-0.2
0.
1
0.2
-0
.2
-0.3
-0
.5
Gre
ece
-6.5
-4
.8
-6.0
-5
.8
-9.3
-1
0.9
-9
.1
-11.
5
-12.
8
-15.
0
-17.
5
-11.
9
-7.0
-0
.3
2.8
1.
7
2.9
4.
1
4.7
4.
7
Hun
gary
-4.7
-2
.1
-3.0
-7
.0
-7.2
-7
.9
-10.
0
-12.
1
-6.5
-5
.0
-2.5
-3
.0
-3.3
-0
.2
-0.9
-2
.0
-2.2
-2
.6
-2.6
-2
.8
Icel
and
0.5
0.
4
-1.8
-2
.3
-2.1
-2
.1
1.2
2.
4
-1.4
-5
.8
-8.8
-2
.6
-1.3
0.
4
-0.1
2.
9
0.8
-0
.4
-1.8
-2
.0
Irela
nd2.
0
2.4
-0
.9
-2.3
-0
.7
-0.3
-0
.7
-0.7
-3
.6
-6.8
-8
.0
-8.2
-6
.2
-4.6
-3
.7
-4.0
-1
.4
-1.5
-1
.4
-1.1
Is
rael
-4.8
-5
.4
-5.7
-5
.0
-4.8
-3
.2
-2.4
-1
.1
-1.2
-3
.0
-4.7
-3
.9
-3.8
-4
.9
-4.4
-3
.7
-2.3
-2
.7
-3.1
-3
.2
Italy
-1.4
-3
.4
-4.1
-3
.3
-4.4
-4
.2
-4.4
-3
.4
-2.5
-3
.1
-3.0
-2
.7
-3.0
-0
.1
0.5
0.
2
0.4
-0
.1
-0.6
-1
.1
Japa
n-5
.4
-5.6
-4
.7
-5.8
-5
.7
-5.9
-4
.2
-2.7
-2
.7
-2.7
-6
.3
-7.8
-7
.5
-8.1
-8
.3
-6.6
-6
.2
-5.6
-5
.9
-5.2
K
orea
2.7
4.
3
3.1
2.
9
2.6
1.
0
2.0
2.
5
2.9
1.
3
-0.2
0.
4
1.0
1.
4
1.4
1.
7
2.1
2.
6
3.4
3.
5
Latv
ia-1
.8
-1.1
0.
1
-0.4
-1
.8
-1.3
-2
.5
-3.9
-6
.3
-8.2
-5
.9
-2.7
-1
.0
0.2
0.
2
-0.1
-0
.1
0.5
0.
2
0.1
Lu
xem
bour
g
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
1.6
1.
1
2.1
2.
7
1.0
2.
4
3.9
4.
0
3.4
3.
4
3.2
1.
9
1.3
N
ethe
rland
s-0
.7
-0.2
-1
.2
-2.0
-2
.1
-1.0
0.
0
-0.7
-1
.6
-1.5
-3
.8
-3.8
-4
.0
-2.4
-0
.9
-0.7
-1
.0
-0.5
-0
.5
-0.2
N
ew Z
eala
nd-0
.1
1.6
1.
8
3.0
2.
6
2.7
3.
6
4.5
3.
0
0.9
-1
.9
-2.3
-1
.7
-0.9
0.
4
0.3
-0
.3
-0.5
-0
.6
0.1
N
orw
ay1
-0.3
1.
7
0.9
-0
.6
-1.7
-0
.9
-0.4
0.
6
1.5
1.
1
-0.1
0.
3
0.8
0.
2
-0.4
-0
.7
0.3
-0
.6
-1.1
-1
.3
Pol
and
-2.4
-3
.0
-3.3
-2
.4
-3.2
-3
.5
-2.2
-2
.7
-2.4
-3
.8
-6.8
-7
.8
-6.5
-4
.1
-3.5
-3
.0
-2.6
-2
.5
-2.7
-2
.7
Por
tuga
l-4
.4
-5.4
-6
.7
-5.3
-4
.7
-5.9
-6
.0
-4.2
-3
.9
-4.7
-8
.2
-8.3
-5
.7
-3.7
-1
.5
-0.7
-1
.1
-0.8
-1
.1
-1.6
S
love
nia
-2.3
-3
.3
-3.3
-2
.1
-1.7
-1
.9
-1.8
-3
.1
-3.4
-4
.9
-5.4
-5
.6
-5.4
-2
.7
-2.4
-3
.3
-1.3
-1
.4
-1.1
-0
.8
Spa
in-1
.0
-1.8
-1
.7
-1.5
-1
.7
-0.9
-0
.4
-0.1
-0
.6
-5.9
-8
.7
-6.5
-5
.2
-1.0
0.
7
0.6
-0
.1
-1.2
-1
.2
-1.3
S
wed
en1.
3
2.4
1.
5
-0.9
-0
.7
0.0
1.
3
0.0
0.
6
1.2
3.
0
1.1
0.
5
0.4
0.
3
-0.3
0.
2
-0.3
-0
.8
-0.9
S
witz
erla
nd-1
.2
0.2
-0
.9
-0.9
-1
.5
-1.4
-1
.0
-0.5
-0
.4
1.1
1.
1
0.4
0.
8
0.4
0.
4
0.0
1.
7
2.4
2.
3
1.7
U
nite
d K
ingd
om2
0.7
0.
7
0.1
-2
.2
-3.8
-4
.5
-4.0
-4
.7
-5.3
-5
.6
-7.2
-7
.6
-6.3
-6
.7
-6.1
-6
.3
-5.2
-4
.3
-3.9
-3
.2
Uni
ted
Sta
tes
-0.8
-0
.4
-1.7
-4
.6
-5.9
-6
.2
-5.4
-4
.7
-5.0
-6
.9
-9.7
-9
.9
-8.6
-7
.4
-4.1
-4
.0
-4.0
-4
.4
-4.7
-6
.0
Eur
o ar
ea-1
.4
-2.0
-2
.6
-2.8
-3
.1
-2.9
-2
.6
-2.4
-2
.4
-3.1
-4
.1
-4.2
-3
.3
-1.5
-0
.7
-0.6
-0
.5
-0.7
-0
.7
-0.9
To
tal O
EC
D-1
.3
-1.2
-2
.0
-3.4
-4
.1
-4.2
-3
.5
-3.0
-3
.1
-4.2
-6
.3
-6.6
-5
.6
-4.6
-3
.1
-2.8
-2
.6
-2.7
-2
.9
-3.3
1.A
s a
perc
enta
ge o
f mai
nlan
d po
tent
ial G
DP
. The
fina
ncia
l bal
ance
s sh
own
are
adju
sted
to e
xclu
de n
et re
venu
es fr
om p
etro
leum
act
iviti
es.
2. Sou
rce:
OE
CD
Eco
nom
ic O
utlo
ok 1
00 d
atab
ase.
2017
2005
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
Rev
enue
s du
e to
qua
ntita
tive
easi
ng th
at h
ave
accu
mul
ated
in a
spe
cial
fund
for s
ever
al y
ears
, and
that
will
be tr
ansf
erre
d to
the
UK
Tre
asur
y in
wel
l-ide
ntifi
ed in
stal
men
ts o
ver t
he p
roje
ctio
n pe
riod,
are
trea
ted
as fi
scal
one
-offs
and
ex
clud
ed fr
om u
nder
lyin
g fis
cal m
easu
res.
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
Not
e: T
he u
nder
lyin
g ba
lanc
es a
re a
djus
ted
for t
he c
ycle
and
for o
ne-o
ffs. F
or m
ore
deta
ils, s
ee S
ourc
es &
Met
hods
of t
he O
EC
D E
cono
mic
Out
look
(http
://w
ww
.oec
d.or
g/ec
o/so
urce
s-an
d-m
etho
ds.h
tm).
2018
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
OECD ECONOMIC OUTLOOK, VOLUME 2016 ISSUE 2 © OECD 2016 – PRELIMINARY VERSION 301
Page 44
STATISTICAL ANNEX
An
nex
Tabl
e34
.G
ener
algo
vern
men
tu
nd
erly
ing
pri
mar
yba
lan
ces
1 2
htt
p://
dx.d
oi.o
rg/1
0.17
87/8
8893
3438
342
Sur
plus
(+) o
r def
icit
(-) a
s a
per c
ent o
f pot
entia
l GD
P
Aus
tralia
3.1
2.
0
0.6
1.
7
2.6
1.
4
1.8
2.
1
0.9
-1
.3
-3.9
-3
.7
-2.4
-2
.3
-0.9
-0
.8
-0.9
-1
.3
-0.7
-0
.5
Aus
tria
-0.5
-0
.9
1.8
1.
1
1.2
1.
5
-0.1
-1
.1
-0.9
-0
.8
-0.9
-0
.9
-0.2
0.
8
1.5
2.
0
3.0
1.
7
1.7
1.
7
Bel
gium
5.3
5.
0
5.7
5.
1
4.1
3.
5
3.0
2.
7
1.8
1.
1
-0.7
-0
.5
-0.5
0.
3
0.9
0.
7
0.8
-0
.1
0.3
0.
1
Can
ada
5.6
5.
1
3.0
1.
1
1.0
1.
5
1.5
1.
3
1.4
0.
1
-0.2
-2
.1
-1.5
-0
.5
-0.1
0.
7
0.4
-0
.2
-0.8
-1
.1
Cze
ch R
epub
lic-2
.9
-4.7
-3
.6
-3.0
-6
.0
-1.6
-2
.1
-3.4
-2
.7
-3.7
-4
.6
-3.6
-2
.1
1.3
1.
3
0.5
0.
7
0.8
0.
5
0.5
D
enm
ark
3.3
3.
2
2.1
1.
8
2.0
3.
0
5.2
3.
7
3.7
2.
7
-0.6
-1
.0
-0.5
-0
.6
0.6
1.
6
-0.4
0.
2
0.0
-0
.2
Est
onia
..
1.
8
1.6
1.
6
2.0
2.
0
-0.9
-2
.2
-3.4
-4
.3
0.8
1.
5
1.1
1.
7
0.9
1.
9
1.5
1.
7
0.6
0.
1
Finl
and
3.5
6.
7
5.1
4.
4
3.0
2.
2
2.4
2.
5
2.0
1.
3
0.1
-1
.1
-0.8
-0
.7
-0.7
-0
.3
0.2
-0
.3
-0.6
-0
.7
Fran
ce1.
0
0.1
0.
4
-0.7
-1
.4
-1.5
-1
.3
-0.9
-1
.5
-1.0
-3
.1
-3.3
-2
.2
-1.4
-0
.6
-0.5
-0
.4
-0.1
-0
.1
-0.3
G
erm
any
1.4
1.
2
-0.4
-0
.8
-0.4
-0
.2
0.1
0.
4
1.4
1.
6
1.5
-0
.2
0.8
1.
6
1.3
1.
5
1.4
0.
8
0.4
0.
0
Gre
ece
0.6
1.
6
-0.1
-0
.5
-4.4
-6
.1
-4.4
-6
.9
-8.1
-1
0.0
-1
2.5
-6
.4
-0.7
3.
6
5.9
4.
9
5.8
6.
9
7.5
7.
5
Hun
gary
1.2
2.
5
0.9
-3
.4
-3.5
-3
.9
-6.1
-8
.3
-2.6
-1
.3
1.4
0.
6
0.3
3.
9
3.2
1.
8
1.3
0.
8
0.7
0.
5
Icel
and
2.8
2.
3
-0.2
-1
.1
-0.7
-0
.7
2.4
2.
8
-1.2
-5
.9
-5.7
0.
0
1.2
3.
5
3.2
6.
4
4.6
3.
5
1.7
1.
1
Irela
nd4.
2
4.1
0.
2
-1.1
0.
4
0.7
0.
2
0.0
-2
.9
-6.1
-6
.7
-6.0
-3
.8
-1.7
-0
.4
-0.7
0.
9
0.6
0.
7
1.0
Is
rael
1.7
1.
3
0.5
0.
6
1.5
2.
8
3.5
3.
8
3.3
1.
0
-1.0
-0
.2
-0.2
-1
.3
-1.2
-0
.6
0.7
0.
2
-0.3
-0
.4
Italy
4.7
2.
6
1.8
2.
0
0.4
0.
3
0.0
0.
9
2.1
1.
7
1.0
1.
3
1.4
4.
7
4.8
4.
4
4.1
3.
6
3.0
2.
4
Japa
n-4
.2
-4.4
-3
.9
-5.1
-5
.1
-5.4
-4
.1
-2.8
-2
.7
-2.4
-5
.9
-7.2
-6
.7
-7.2
-7
.6
-6.0
-5
.6
-5.2
-5
.6
-5.2
K
orea
1.9
3.
3
2.2
2.
2
2.5
0.
9
1.4
1.
7
1.9
1.
2
-1.0
-0
.2
0.5
1.
1
1.0
1.
6
2.0
2.
3
2.9
2.
9
Latv
ia-1
.4
-0.6
0.
5
0.1
-1
.2
-0.7
-2
.0
-3.6
-6
.0
-8.0
-5
.0
-1.5
0.
3
1.5
1.
3
0.9
1.
0
1.5
1.
1
0.9
Lu
xem
bour
g
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
0.9
0.
0
0.8
2.
2
0.8
2.
2
3.7
3.
9
3.2
3.
2
3.1
1.
8
1.2
N
ethe
rland
s2.
5
2.3
1.
0
-0.1
-0
.3
0.6
1.
6
0.7
-0
.2
-0.2
-2
.6
-2.6
-2
.7
-1.3
0.
1
0.4
-0
.1
0.2
0.
1
0.2
N
ew Z
eala
nd1.
5
3.0
3.
3
4.1
3.
6
3.5
4.
3
4.8
3.
1
1.2
-1
.2
-1.5
-0
.7
0.2
1.
2
1.1
0.
6
0.2
0.
1
0.7
N
orw
ay1
-1.9
-0
.1
-1.1
-2
.8
-3.8
-3
.1
-2.5
-1
.7
-1.6
-2
.2
-2.7
-1
.9
-1.5
-1
.8
-2.5
-3
.2
-2.5
-3
.6
-4.0
-4
.1
Pol
and
0.2
-0
.3
-0.6
-0
.4
-0.9
-1
.2
-0.1
-0
.6
-0.5
-2
.2
-4.7
-5
.7
-4.3
-1
.9
-1.3
-1
.3
-1.1
-1
.0
-1.3
-1
.2
Por
tuga
l-1
.7
-2.8
-4
.1
-2.7
-2
.3
-3.6
-3
.7
-1.8
-1
.3
-1.9
-5
.5
-5.6
-2
.0
0.3
2.
4
3.5
2.
9
3.2
2.
8
2.3
S
love
nia
-0.5
-1
.5
-1.5
-0
.4
-0.2
-0
.5
-0.5
-1
.9
-2.3
-4
.2
-4.6
-4
.5
-4.0
-1
.3
-0.5
-0
.7
1.2
1.
0
1.1
1.
2
Spa
in2.
0
1.1
0.
9
0.8
0.
4
1.0
1.
2
1.3
0.
5
-4.8
-7
.4
-5.0
-3
.4
1.2
3.
3
3.3
2.
4
1.1
0.
8
0.4
S
wed
en3.
7
4.4
3.
1
1.1
0.
6
0.9
2.
3
0.8
1.
4
1.7
3.
3
1.4
0.
8
0.5
0.
3
-0.2
0.
1
-0.5
-1
.0
-1.1
S
witz
erla
nd-0
.1
1.2
0.
0
0.1
-0
.5
-0.5
-0
.1
0.3
0.
2
1.6
1.
6
0.8
1.
2
0.8
0.
7
0.3
2.
0
2.6
2.
4
1.8
U
nite
d K
ingd
om2
3.0
2.
8
2.0
-0
.5
-2.2
-2
.8
-2.2
-2
.9
-3.4
-3
.9
-5.8
-5
.2
-3.5
-4
.2
-3.6
-3
.9
-3.2
-2
.4
-2.1
-1
.5
Uni
ted
Sta
tes
2.4
2.
4
1.0
-2
.0
-3.2
-3
.5
-2.7
-2
.1
-2.3
-4
.4
-7.0
-7
.1
-5.6
-4
.4
-1.9
-1
.3
-1.3
-1
.5
-1.8
-3
.0
Eur
o ar
ea2.
1
1.4
0.
7
0.2
-0
.2
-0.2
0.
0
0.2
0.
2
-0.5
-1
.8
-1.8
-0
.8
1.0
1.
6
1.6
1.
6
1.2
0.
9
0.6
To
tal O
EC
D1.
6
1.4
0.
4
-1.2
-1
.9
-2.1
-1
.5
-1.1
-1
.2
-2.3
-4
.4
-4.5
-3
.4
-2.4
-1
.2
-0.8
-0
.7
-0.9
-1
.1
-1.5
1.A
s a
perc
enta
ge o
f mai
nlan
d po
tent
ial G
DP
. The
fina
ncia
l bal
ance
s sh
own
are
adju
sted
to e
xclu
de n
et re
venu
es fr
om p
etro
leum
act
iviti
es.
2.
Sou
rce:
OE
CD
Eco
nom
ic O
utlo
ok 1
00 d
atab
ase.
2018
2010
2016
2012
2003
2004
2014
2009
Not
e: A
djus
ted
for t
he c
ycle
and
for o
ne-o
ffs, a
nd e
xclu
des
net i
nter
est p
aym
ents
. For
mor
e de
tails
, see
Sou
rces
& M
etho
ds o
f the
OE
CD
Eco
nom
ic O
utlo
ok (h
ttp://
ww
w.o
ecd.
org/
eco/
sour
ces-
and-
met
hods
.htm
).
Rev
enue
s du
e to
qua
ntita
tive
easi
ng th
at h
ave
accu
mul
ated
in a
spe
cial
fund
for s
ever
al y
ears
, and
that
will
be tr
ansf
erre
d to
the
UK
Tre
asur
y in
wel
l-ide
ntifi
ed in
stal
men
ts o
ver t
he p
roje
ctio
n pe
riod,
are
trea
ted
as fi
scal
one
-offs
and
ex
clud
ed fr
om u
nder
lyin
g fis
cal m
easu
res.
2000
2011
2008
2013
1999
2015
2002
2017
2007
2005
2001
2006
OECD ECONOMIC OUTLOOK, VOLUME 2016 ISSUE 2 © OECD 2016 – PRELIMINARY VERSION302
Page 45
STATISTICAL ANNEX
An
nex
Tabl
e35
.G
ener
algo
vern
men
tn
etd
ebt
inte
rest
pay
men
ts
1 2
htt
p://
dx.d
oi.o
rg/1
0.17
87/8
8893
3438
356
Per
cen
t of n
omin
al G
DP
Aus
tralia
0.8
0.
7
0.4
0.
4
0.3
0.
3
0.2
0.
0
0.0
-0
.2
0.1
0.
4
0.5
0.
5
0.6
0.
7
0.6
0.
6
0.6
0.
6
Aus
tria
2.8
2.
7
2.7
2.
6
2.4
2.
3
2.4
2.
3
2.2
2.
2
2.2
2.
2
2.1
2.
2
2.1
2.
0
1.9
1.
7
1.4
1.
2
Bel
gium
6.4
6.
2
6.0
5.
3
4.9
4.
4
4.0
3.
7
3.6
3.
5
3.4
3.
3
3.2
3.
2
2.9
2.
9
2.7
2.
4
2.2
2.
1
Can
ada
4.1
3.
0
2.9
2.
5
1.8
1.
5
1.0
0.
6
0.5
0.
3
1.1
0.
8
0.6
0.
7
0.7
0.
5
0.7
0.
9
0.9
1.
0
Cze
ch R
epub
lic0.
5
0.1
0.
3
0.3
0.
4
0.6
0.
7
0.7
0.
7
0.7
1.
0
1.1
1.
1
1.2
1.
1
1.1
0.
9
0.8
0.
7
0.7
D
enm
ark
2.9
2.
5
2.0
2.
0
1.6
1.
4
1.1
0.
8
0.5
0.
2
0.4
0.
6
0.6
0.
5
0.4
0.
5
0.8
0.
7
0.6
0.
4
Est
onia
0.1
0.
1
0.0
0.
0
-0.3
-0
.2
-0.2
-0
.2
-0.4
-0
.5
-0.3
-0
.2
-0.2
-0
.1
-0.1
-0
.1
-0.1
-0
.1
-0.1
-0
.1
Finl
and
1.4
0.
9
0.5
0.
0
0.0
0.
0
0.0
-0
.2
-0.3
-0
.5
-0.4
0.
1
0.0
0.
2
0.1
0.
2
0.2
0.
1
0.1
0.
0
Fran
ce2.
6
2.6
2.
6
2.6
2.
5
2.5
2.
4
2.4
2.
5
2.6
2.
2
2.3
2.
5
2.4
2.
2
2.1
1.
9
1.7
1.
5
1.5
G
erm
any
2.7
2.
7
2.6
2.
5
2.5
2.
5
2.4
2.
3
2.4
2.
3
2.3
2.
1
2.0
1.
7
1.5
1.
3
1.2
0.
9
0.7
0.
5
Gre
ece
7.2
6.
5
6.0
5.
4
4.8
4.
7
4.6
4.
3
4.3
4.
6
4.8
5.
5
6.8
4.
5
3.6
3.
7
3.4
3.
2
3.1
3.
0
Hun
gary
6.1
4.
8
4.0
3.
6
3.7
3.
9
3.8
3.
6
3.8
3.
6
4.0
3.
8
3.7
4.
2
4.3
3.
8
3.4
3.
4
3.3
3.
2
Icel
and
2.2
1.
9
1.6
1.
2
1.5
1.
3
1.2
0.
4
0.3
-0
.1
3.1
2.
8
2.7
3.
3
3.5
3.
6
3.8
3.
8
3.3
3.
0
Irela
nd2.
1
1.6
1.
1
1.1
1.
1
1.0
0.
9
0.7
0.
6
0.7
1.
4
2.3
2.
5
3.2
3.
4
3.3
2.
3
2.1
2.
1
2.0
Is
rael
6.5
6.
4
6.2
5.
8
6.6
6.
2
6.1
4.
9
4.4
3.
9
3.7
3.
6
3.5
3.
6
3.2
3.
1
2.9
2.
8
2.8
2.
8
Italy
6.1
5.
9
5.8
5.
2
4.8
4.
5
4.3
4.
2
4.5
4.
7
4.2
4.
1
4.5
5.
0
4.7
4.
4
4.0
3.
9
3.7
3.
6
Japa
n1.
3
1.2
0.
9
0.7
0.
6
0.4
0.
1
-0.1
0.
0
0.3
0.
5
0.7
0.
8
0.9
0.
7
0.6
0.
6
0.4
0.
3
0.0
K
orea
-0.8
-1
.0
-0.9
-0
.7
-0.1
-0
.1
-0.6
-0
.8
-0.9
-0
.1
-0.8
-0
.5
-0.5
-0
.2
-0.4
-0
.1
-0.1
-0
.4
-0.5
-0
.6
Luxe
mbo
urg
-0.8
-1
.2
-1.3
-1
.1
-0.9
-0
.8
-0.7
-0
.8
-1.0
-1
.2
-0.5
-0
.2
-0.2
-0
.2
-0.1
-0
.2
-0.2
-0
.1
-0.1
-0
.1
Net
herla
nds
3.2
2.
5
2.2
2.
0
1.8
1.
7
1.6
1.
4
1.3
1.
3
1.2
1.
1
1.2
1.
1
1.1
1.
1
0.9
0.
8
0.6
0.
4
New
Zea
land
1.6
1.
5
1.5
1.
1
1.0
0.
8
0.7
0.
4
0.1
0.
3
0.6
0.
8
1.0
1.
2
0.8
0.
9
0.8
0.
7
0.6
0.
6
Nor
way
-1.6
-1
.8
-2.0
-2
.3
-2.2
-2
.2
-2.1
-2
.2
-2.9
-3
.2
-2.6
-2
.3
-2.3
-2
.0
-2.1
-2
.5
-2.8
-3
.1
-3.0
-2
.8
Pol
and
2.6
2.
6
2.8
2.
2
2.4
2.
4
2.3
2.
2
1.9
1.
6
2.1
2.
1
2.2
2.
3
2.2
1.
7
1.6
1.
5
1.5
1.
5
Por
tuga
l2.
6
2.5
2.
5
2.5
2.
4
2.3
2.
3
2.5
2.
6
2.7
2.
7
2.7
3.
8
4.3
4.
2
4.4
4.
2
4.1
4.
0
4.0
S
lova
k R
epub
lic2.
8
3.0
3.
0
2.9
1.
6
1.4
1.
1
0.9
0.
9
0.9
1.
1
1.1
1.
3
1.6
1.
7
1.6
1.
5
1.3
1.
1
0.9
S
love
nia
1.9
1.
8
1.8
1.
7
1.4
1.
4
1.3
1.
2
1.0
0.
7
0.9
1.
1
1.4
1.
4
2.0
2.
7
2.6
2.
4
2.2
2.
0
Spa
in3.
1
2.9
2.
5
2.3
2.
0
1.8
1.
5
1.3
1.
1
1.0
1.
3
1.5
2.
0
2.5
2.
9
3.0
2.
7
2.4
2.
1
1.8
S
wed
en2.
4
2.1
1.
7
2.0
1.
3
0.9
1.
0
0.8
0.
7
0.5
0.
3
0.3
0.
3
0.1
0.
1
0.0
-0
.1
-0.1
-0
.2
-0.2
S
witz
erla
nd1.
1
1.0
0.
9
1.0
1.
0
1.0
1.
0
0.8
0.
6
0.5
0.
5
0.5
0.
4
0.4
0.
3
0.3
0.
3
0.2
0.
2
0.1
U
nite
d K
ingd
om2.
3
2.2
1.
9
1.6
1.
6
1.6
1.
8
1.7
1.
8
1.7
1.
5
2.6
2.
9
2.6
2.
5
2.4
2.
0
1.9
1.
8
1.7
U
nite
d S
tate
s3.
2
2.8
2.
7
2.6
2.
7
2.6
2.
6
2.6
2.
6
2.6
2.
8
2.9
3.
1
3.1
2.
3
2.7
2.
8
2.9
2.
9
3.0
E
uro
area
3.5
3.
4
3.2
3.
0
2.9
2.
7
2.6
2.
5
2.5
2.
6
2.4
2.
4
2.6
2.
6
2.5
2.
3
2.1
1.
9
1.7
1.
5
Tota
l OE
CD
2.8
2.
6
2.4
2.
3
2.2
2.
0
1.9
1.
8
1.8
1.
9
2.0
2.
1
2.2
2.
2
1.9
2.
0
1.9
1.
8
1.8
1.
7
Sou
rce:
OE
CD
Eco
nom
ic O
utlo
ok 1
00 d
atab
ase.
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2017
2018
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
OECD ECONOMIC OUTLOOK, VOLUME 2016 ISSUE 2 © OECD 2016 – PRELIMINARY VERSION 303
Page 46
STATISTICAL ANNEX
An
nex
Tabl
e36
.G
ener
algo
vern
men
tgr
oss
fin
anci
alli
abil
itie
s
1 2
htt
p://
dx.d
oi.o
rg/1
0.17
87/8
8893
3438
368
Per
cen
t of n
omin
al G
DP
Aus
tralia
27.2
25
.1
24.2
22
.9
20.4
20
.8
20.7
19
.7
19.5
20
.5
26.4
29
.4
34.0
37
.4
38.3
42
.3
44.5
45
.4
45.1
44
.6
Aus
tria
70.7
70
.5
71.6
75
.0
73.7
73
.0
80.4
77
.7
74.6
80
.1
92.4
96
.1
96.6
10
2.8
99
.0
106.
8
106.
2
106.
0
105.
1
103.
8
Bel
gium
1 12
6.5
12
0.3
11
9.0
11
8.1
11
4.6
11
0.2
10
7.8
99
.9
93.7
10
1.0
10
9.4
10
7.6
11
0.0
12
0.1
11
8.3
12
9.5
12
6.7
12
7.0
12
6.3
12
5.5
C
anad
a92
.5
84.7
85
.4
83.6
80
.1
76.2
75
.8
74.6
70
.6
71.5
83
.9
86.3
89
.1
92.9
90
.3
93.2
98
.5
100.
4
101.
3
102.
0
Cze
ch R
epub
lic23
.4
24.0
28
.0
30.2
32
.7
32.4
32
.2
32.0
30
.7
34.6
41
.4
46.3
48
.8
58.3
58
.1
56.8
54
.0
52.3
52
.1
51.6
D
enm
ark
67.1
60
.5
58.3
58
.1
56.1
52
.3
45.1
40
.5
34.6
41
.9
49.3
53
.4
60.1
60
.6
56.7
59
.0
53.1
53
.7
54.9
55
.9
Est
onia
10.8
6.
8
6.7
7.
6
8.4
8.
6
8.2
8.
0
7.3
8.
4
12.6
12
.0
9.6
13
.2
13.7
14
.1
12.9
12
.4
13.1
13
.3
Finl
and
53.0
50
.9
48.2
48
.0
49.5
49
.6
46.4
43
.9
40.1
38
.8
49.5
55
.9
57.1
63
.8
64.5
71
.5
74.2
78
.0
81.2
84
.2
Fran
ce73
.5
71.9
70
.9
74.6
78
.5
80.2
81
.7
76.9
75
.6
81.6
93
.2
96.9
10
0.7
11
0.4
11
0.9
12
0.3
12
0.9
12
2.7
12
4.1
12
5.0
G
erm
any
60.6
59
.4
58.5
60
.9
64.3
67
.7
70.1
68
.1
64.0
67
.9
75.4
84
.7
84.0
86
.5
81.5
81
.9
77.9
74
.7
71.7
68
.7
Gre
ece
96.6
11
3.2
11
6.8
11
6.1
11
2.0
11
3.9
11
3.9
11
6.3
11
4.2
11
8.8
13
5.3
12
7.4
11
0.2
16
6.5
18
2.8
18
2.8
18
3.9
18
5.7
18
2.7
17
7.6
H
unga
ry66
.9
61.4
59
.6
60.2
61
.1
64.6
67
.5
71.2
72
.1
75.6
84
.7
86.5
95
.4
98.2
96
.5
98.7
97
.0
97.5
96
.4
95.2
Ic
elan
d43
.2
40.4
44
.8
40.9
39
.9
34.8
26
.6
32.1
30
.2
70.5
85
.4
90.8
97
.5
95.3
87
.2
83.1
73
.8
64.4
63
.6
56.0
Ire
land
49.8
38
.4
35.6
34
.3
33.1
31
.6
31.9
28
.1
28.1
48
.3
68.7
85
.2
112.
6
131.
8
134.
3
124.
1
92.7
91
.0
88.9
86
.1
Isra
el89
.6
79.6
83
.7
90.3
93
.0
91.3
88
.2
80.1
73
.0
71.9
74
.6
70.7
68
.8
68.3
67
.0
66.0
64
.1
62.7
62
.2
61.9
Ita
ly12
3.9
11
8.8
11
8.2
11
7.0
11
4.3
11
6.3
11
8.9
11
6.3
11
1.7
11
4.5
12
7.4
12
6.2
11
9.6
13
8.3
14
5.5
15
8.3
15
9.6
15
9.3
15
9.5
15
9.3
Ja
pan2
127.
9
136.
1
144.
4
153.
5
158.
3
166.
3
169.
6
166.
8
162.
4
171.
1
188.
7
193.
2
209.
4
215.
4
221.
5
227.
7
229.
9
233.
7
237.
5
239.
7
Kor
ea
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
29.4
31
.6
33.5
36
.1
38.5
40
.5
43.7
44
.2
44.2
43
.3
42.7
La
tvia
14.6
14
.5
16.0
15
.9
16.9
17
.7
14.6
14
.6
12.9
23
.0
41.7
53
.3
48.0
46
.3
44.0
47
.1
42.2
46
.2
44.1
43
.3
Luxe
mbo
urg
15.5
14
.1
14.5
13
.0
14.4
15
.4
14.0
13
.1
12.8
20
.3
20.1
27
.0
26.7
30
.3
30.2
32
.0
31.4
30
.7
32.7
34
.7
Net
herla
nds
67.7
60
.5
56.5
57
.3
58.3
58
.4
57.4
51
.3
48.5
61
.3
64.1
68
.1
72.0
77
.8
76.5
81
.2
77.9
76
.1
74.3
72
.5
New
Zea
land
38.3
36
.2
34.3
32
.4
30.4
27
.7
26.6
26
.2
25.1
28
.1
33.4
37
.0
40.2
41
.2
40.5
40
.9
41.0
39
.9
39.5
38
.4
Nor
way
28.7
32
.2
31.3
38
.7
48.0
49
.9
46.9
57
.8
55.6
54
.2
48.1
48
.4
33.8
35
.0
35.5
33
.2
39.1
41
.7
41.3
41
.3
Pol
and
46.2
44
.8
43.2
54
.3
54.8
53
.4
54.1
54
.3
50.9
53
.6
56.7
60
.6
61.1
60
.7
62.4
66
.0
66.2
67
.5
68.8
69
.9
Por
tuga
l62
.5
62.0
63
.5
66.8
70
.6
76.7
80
.0
79.4
78
.1
82.8
96
.1
104.
1
108.
4
139.
0
142.
9
152.
7
149.
8
151.
0
150.
3
149.
0
Slo
vak
Rep
ublic
52.6
57
.9
56.6
49
.4
47.5
45
.1
38.4
36
.2
34.8
33
.8
42.5
47
.4
50.0
58
.3
61.2
60
.5
59.2
59
.2
59.2
58
.0
Slo
veni
a
..
..
33
.0
34.0
33
.5
34.3
33
.4
33.3
29
.1
28.3
42
.5
46.8
50
.5
60.7
79
.6
97.2
97
.7
99.4
10
0.1
10
0.0
S
pain
67.9
65
.2
60.6
59
.3
54.4
52
.5
50.0
45
.7
41.7
47
.1
61.9
66
.7
77.8
92
.4
105.
6
118.
9
116.
8
118.
4
119.
1
119.
3
Sw
eden
67.5
57
.3
59.0
58
.7
57.8
57
.4
58.2
51
.7
46.6
46
.7
48.4
46
.0
46.2
46
.4
48.6
55
.5
53.8
52
.9
51.6
50
.1
Sw
itzer
land
52.6
52
.7
52.5
60
.1
58.5
59
.7
57.1
50
.7
50.5
48
.7
46.5
44
.9
45.1
45
.9
45.5
45
.7
44.6
43
.1
41.7
40
.6
Uni
ted
Kin
gdom
47.8
48
.8
44.8
47
.4
46.7
49
.5
51.1
50
.8
51.4
63
.4
77.0
89
.3
103.
5
107.
2
102.
9
113.
4
112.
0
112.
5
113.
1
113.
4
Uni
ted
Sta
tes
52.3
48
.1
50.7
57
.4
58.8
67
.0
67.4
65
.0
65.6
79
.3
94.3
10
3.5
10
9.1
11
2.3
11
2.1
11
2.3
11
4.0
11
5.6
11
6.9
11
7.5
E
uro
area
78.6
76
.2
74.7
76
.0
76.8
78
.2
79.2
75
.6
72.0
77
.3
88.0
92
.4
93.6
10
4.1
10
5.3
11
1.9
10
9.5
10
8.9
10
8.1
10
6.9
To
tal O
EC
D69
.3
67.4
68
.7
72.7
73
.6
77.9
78
.6
76.1
74
.4
82.3
94
.2
100.
5
105.
4
111.
2
111.
8
115.
1
115.
5
116.
3
116.
7
116.
5
1. I
nclu
des
the
debt
of t
he B
elgi
um N
atio
nal R
ailw
ays
Com
pany
(SN
CB
) fro
m 2
005
onw
ards
.2.
Inc
lude
s th
e de
bt o
f the
Jap
an R
ailw
ay S
ettle
men
t Cor
pora
tion
and
the
Nat
iona
l For
est S
peci
al A
ccou
nt fr
om 1
998
onw
ards
.
S
ourc
e: O
EC
D E
cono
mic
Out
look
100
dat
abas
e.
Gro
ss d
ebt d
ata
are
not a
lway
s co
mpa
rabl
e ac
ross
cou
ntrie
s du
e to
diff
eren
t def
initi
ons
or tr
eatm
ent o
f deb
t com
pone
nts.
Maa
stric
ht d
ebt f
or E
urop
ean
Uni
on c
ount
ries
is s
how
n in
Ann
ex T
able
38.
Fin
anci
al li
abilit
ies
are
mea
sure
d at
m
arke
t val
ue. F
or m
ore
deta
ils, s
ee S
ourc
es &
Met
hods
of t
he O
EC
D E
cono
mic
Out
look
(http
://w
ww
.oec
d.or
g/ec
o/so
urce
s-an
d-m
etho
ds.h
tm).
N
ote:
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2017
2018
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
OECD ECONOMIC OUTLOOK, VOLUME 2016 ISSUE 2 © OECD 2016 – PRELIMINARY VERSION304
Page 47
STATISTICAL ANNEX
An
nex
Tabl
e37
.G
ener
algo
vern
men
tn
etfi
nan
cial
liab
ilit
ies
1 2
htt
p://
dx.d
oi.o
rg/1
0.17
87/8
8893
3438
373
Per
cen
t of n
omin
al G
DP
Aus
tralia
-21.
8
-21.
5
-19.
3
-21.
1
-24.
7
-26.
9
-27.
6
-30.
1
-31.
4
-30.
5
-27.
7
-23.
2
-16.
5
-13.
7
-15.
4
-13.
1
-14.
4
-11.
4
-8.9
-6
.9
Aus
tria
35.7
34
.8
33.8
37
.5
36.0
37
.9
44.7
42
.3
39.5
43
.9
49.9
51
.5
52.9
57
.9
56.6
59
.1
57.1
56
.9
56.0
54
.7
Bel
gium
1 10
6.6
10
0.9
98
.5
99.4
96
.1
90.9
88
.8
80.4
74
.1
76.6
82
.9
81.6
83
.1
92.2
90
.2
100.
1
97.7
98
.0
97.3
96
.5
Can
ada
53.8
45
.8
44.3
43
.7
39.6
35
.1
30.7
27
.3
23.8
23
.5
29.1
31
.1
34.2
35
.0
31.2
31
.7
31.4
33
.1
34.0
34
.8
Cze
ch R
epub
lic-2
8.2
-2
5.4
-2
3.4
-1
5.1
-7
.0
-10.
1
-11.
5
-11.
7
-14.
5
-5.8
-1
.4
6.3
9.
2
16.6
18
.1
20.1
19
.8
19.3
18
.8
17.9
D
enm
ark
30.6
25
.5
22.0
21
.1
18.4
14
.2
9.5
1.
1
-4.6
-6
.7
-5.9
-3
.3
1.1
6.
6
4.0
4.
8
5.6
6.
2
7.4
8.
4
Est
onia
-39.
3
-30.
2
-29.
1
-28.
6
-29.
5
-31.
9
-32.
1
-30.
8
-28.
5
-25.
9
-28.
8
-36.
0
-33.
4
-31.
4
-31.
4
-30.
8
-42.
1
-41.
3
-38.
9
-36.
8
Finl
and
-48.
4
-30.
1
-30.
4
-30.
2
-36.
8
-44.
7
-56.
0
-66.
5
-69.
7
-50.
0
-59.
6
-61.
8
-48.
8
-49.
4
-53.
0
-53.
8
-54.
0
-50.
2
-47.
1
-44.
1
Fran
ce31
.0
32.4
34
.6
39.5
41
.6
43.1
41
.0
35.5
32
.2
42.7
50
.2
54.6
59
.6
67.4
66
.3
74.6
75
.6
77.4
78
.8
79.7
G
erm
any
32.9
32
.5
34.7
38
.6
41.7
45
.8
48.3
46
.6
41.4
43
.4
48.0
49
.3
50.0
49
.6
45.8
45
.7
42.7
40
.9
39.3
37
.4
Gre
ece
68.0
87
.5
90.7
92
.3
86.3
85
.9
82.6
85
.6
81.0
91
.3
102.
7
92.1
73
.3
105.
2
124.
9
135.
3
148.
0
149.
7
146.
7
141.
6
Hun
gary
34.4
33
.0
32.4
36
.5
37.5
41
.5
44.5
51
.4
52.8
50
.7
58.6
60
.8
62.5
69
.7
70.3
70
.9
66.9
67
.3
66.2
65
.0
Icel
and
9.3
8.
7
3.5
1.
7
3.7
2.
1
-9.9
-1
5.0
-2
0.5
0.
3
13.8
22
.1
26.9
28
.9
27.3
25
.8
24.2
5.
7
4.8
4.
0
Irela
nd25
.7
14.7
11
.3
12.9
10
.8
7.7
6.
0
1.2
-0
.2
12.4
25
.4
48.0
61
.5
78.9
81
.6
80.4
59
.5
57.8
54
.5
51.7
Ita
ly10
2.1
96
.3
96.9
96
.5
93.2
94
.5
95.8
92
.3
88.8
91
.9
102.
7
101.
2
95.8
11
1.8
11
8.3
13
0.5
13
2.6
13
2.3
13
2.5
13
2.3
Ja
pan2
52.4
58
.8
65.5
74
.5
77.6
82
.4
82.2
81
.0
80.5
95
.3
106.
2
113.
1
127.
2
129.
2
124.
2
126.
2
128.
5
132.
2
136.
1
138.
3
Kor
ea3
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
Latv
ia-7
.8
-8.2
-1
0.9
-1
0.9
-7
.7
-5.3
-4
.8
-3.7
-3
.9
-1.1
6.
7
13.7
14
.8
12.1
13
.8
14.4
17
.4
18.0
18
.2
18.0
Lu
xem
bour
g-4
8.0
-4
9.7
-5
6.0
-5
5.2
-5
4.5
-5
1.0
-4
9.7
-5
2.3
-5
5.2
-5
2.0
-5
6.7
-5
1.5
-4
5.6
-4
9.8
-5
1.0
-5
1.0
-5
0.6
-5
1.4
-4
9.3
-4
7.3
N
ethe
rland
s28
.9
28.0
27
.5
31.0
32
.2
32.9
30
.2
27.4
23
.8
23.1
27
.8
32.4
37
.2
39.7
40
.2
43.9
42
.8
43.0
41
.9
40.7
N
ew Z
eala
nd25
.0
23.0
20
.7
17.2
12
.8
8.2
3.
7
-1.2
-5
.3
-4.9
-0
.9
1.6
4.
4
6.6
6.
1
5.3
5.
1
5.0
4.
6
3.5
N
orw
ay-6
1.0
-7
0.8
-8
7.2
-8
1.7
-9
6.3
-1
04.4
-1
22.3
-1
35.3
-1
39.8
-1
24.2
-1
54.4
-1
64.1
-1
60.1
-1
69.1
-2
07.4
-2
49.4
-2
84.7
-2
78.1
-2
70.3
-2
60.1
P
olan
d12
.8
14.7
17
.6
21.0
24
.8
22.0
22
.0
20.9
15
.6
15.9
20
.7
26.4
30
.3
31.4
35
.0
38.0
38
.7
40.1
41
.4
42.5
P
ortu
gal
36.2
37
.8
40.0
44
.4
47.2
53
.9
55.9
54
.7
55.0
59
.6
70.3
71
.0
66.6
89
.3
97.5
10
7.9
10
8.5
10
8.1
10
8.1
10
7.4
S
lova
k R
epub
lic0.
9
13.1
10
.6
0.9
1.
5
4.8
10
.2
14.5
13
.5
15.3
22
.3
28.0
32
.8
31.2
32
.7
35.5
35
.1
36.1
36
.1
34.9
S
love
nia
..
..
-15.
3
-13.
9
-9.3
-9
.8
-8.8
-1
0.2
-1
8.3
-7
.2
-2.1
-0
.6
2.4
8.
7
13.9
20
.6
24.5
26
.2
26.8
26
.8
Spa
in46
.8
43.4
40
.6
39.2
36
.0
33.5
28
.6
22.1
17
.4
22.3
33
.8
39.4
48
.0
59.0
69
.7
82.3
82
.0
83.6
84
.3
84.5
S
wed
en9.
9
2.2
-2
.3
4.0
0.
8
-1.3
-6
.8
-16.
7
-21.
0
-15.
4
-22.
9
-24.
3
-26.
8
-29.
2
-29.
3
-28.
5
-27.
7
-26.
6
-25.
4
-24.
4
Sw
itzer
land
10.9
7.
3
6.9
12
.5
11.9
13
.8
12.9
9.
5
8.5
11
.8
7.5
10
.3
9.3
7.
0
7.6
7.
8
6.7
5.
2
3.7
2.
7
Uni
ted
Kin
gdom
30.3
29
.3
26.5
29
.3
28.4
30
.8
31.4
31
.8
32.4
39
.2
49.1
54
.6
70.2
71
.9
70.2
81
.1
80.7
81
.2
81.8
82
.0
Uni
ted
Sta
tes
32.7
29
.5
31.4
38
.4
40.0
48
.5
48.8
46
.1
46.1
57
.0
70.3
78
.3
86.0
89
.2
88.4
88
.1
89.0
90
.6
91.8
92
.5
Eur
o ar
ea47
.2
46.4
47
.0
49.5
49
.7
50.9
50
.4
46.4
42
.0
46.9
54
.4
56.5
58
.1
65.3
66
.2
72.2
71
.1
71.0
70
.7
69.9
To
tal O
EC
D36
.2
34.9
36
.1
40.6
41
.2
44.8
44
.1
41.2
39
.2
46.3
55
.1
60.0
65
.8
69.7
68
.6
71.0
71
.3
72.3
73
.1
73.3
1. I
nclu
des
the
debt
of t
he B
elgi
um N
atio
nal R
ailw
ays
Com
pany
(SN
CB
) fro
m 2
005
onw
ards
.2.
Inc
lude
s th
e de
bt o
f the
Jap
an R
ailw
ay S
ettle
men
t Cor
pora
tion
and
the
Nat
iona
l For
est S
peci
al A
ccou
nt fr
om 1
998
onw
ards
.
3.
Con
solid
ated
dat
a on
SN
A 2
008
basi
s ar
e no
t ava
ilabl
e.
Sou
rce:
OE
CD
Eco
nom
ic O
utlo
ok 1
00 d
atab
ase.
2003
2009
2010
2007
2015
2008
2004
Net
deb
t mea
sure
s ar
e no
t alw
ays
com
para
ble
acro
ss c
ount
ries
due
to d
iffer
ent d
efin
ition
s or
trea
tmen
t of d
ebt (
and
asse
t) co
mpo
nent
s. F
inan
cial
liab
ilitie
s ar
e m
easu
red
at m
arke
t val
ue. F
or m
ore
deta
ils, s
ee S
ourc
es &
Met
hods
of t
he
OE
CD
Eco
nom
ic O
utlo
ok (h
ttp://
ww
w.o
ecd.
org/
eco/
sour
ces-
and-
met
hods
.htm
). N
ote:
1999
2000
2001
2002
2014
2006
2016
2018
2011
2012
2013
2005
2017
OECD ECONOMIC OUTLOOK, VOLUME 2016 ISSUE 2 © OECD 2016 – PRELIMINARY VERSION 305
Page 48
STATISTICAL ANNEX
An
nex
Tabl
e38
.M
aast
rich
td
efin
itio
nof
gen
eral
gove
rnm
ent
gros
sp
ubl
icd
ebt
1 2
htt
p://
dx.d
oi.o
rg/1
0.17
87/8
8893
3438
380
Per
cen
t of n
omin
al G
DP
Aus
tria
66.5
65
.8
66.4
66
.3
65.5
65
.0
68.3
66
.9
64.7
68
.7
79.7
82
.5
82.2
82
.0
81.4
84
.4
85.6
85
.4
84.5
83
.2
Bel
gium
114.
4
108.
8
107.
6
104.
7
101.
1
96.5
94
.6
91.0
87
.0
92.5
99
.6
99.7
10
2.3
10
4.1
10
5.4
10
6.5
10
5.8
10
6.0
10
5.4
10
4.6
C
zech
Rep
ublic
15.2
17
.0
22.8
25
.9
28.1
28
.5
28.0
27
.9
27.8
28
.7
34.1
38
.2
39.8
44
.5
44.9
42
.2
40.3
38
.6
38.5
38
.0
Den
mar
k58
.5
52.4
48
.5
49.1
46
.1
44.2
37
.4
31.5
27
.3
33.3
40
.2
42.6
46
.1
44.9
44
.0
44.0
39
.6
40.2
41
.3
42.3
E
ston
ia6.
5
5.1
4.
8
5.7
5.
6
5.1
4.
6
4.4
3.
7
4.5
7.
0
6.6
5.
9
9.7
10
.2
10.7
10
.1
9.5
10
.2
10.4
Fi
nlan
d44
.1
42.5
41
.0
40.2
42
.8
42.7
40
.0
38.2
34
.0
32.7
41
.7
47.1
48
.5
53.9
56
.5
60.2
63
.6
67.1
69
.6
71.9
Fran
ce60
.3
58.6
58
.1
60.1
64
.2
65.8
67
.3
64.4
64
.4
68.1
79
.0
81.8
85
.2
89.5
92
.3
95.2
96
.2
97.9
99
.4
100.
2
Ger
man
y60
.1
58.8
57
.5
59.1
62
.8
64.9
67
.0
66.3
63
.5
65.0
72
.5
81.2
78
.4
79.9
77
.3
74.7
71
.2
68.0
65
.0
62.0
G
reec
e99
.0
104.
7
107.
0
104.
7
101.
4
102.
9
107.
3
103.
6
103.
1
109.
5
126.
7
145.
9
172.
0
159.
5
177.
6
179.
8
177.
7
179.
7
176.
6
171.
5
Hun
gary
59.8
55
.1
51.7
55
.0
57.6
58
.5
60.5
64
.6
65.6
71
.6
77.8
80
.5
80.7
78
.2
76.6
75
.7
74.7
75
.1
74.1
72
.8
Irela
nd46
.6
36.1
33
.2
30.6
29
.9
28.2
26
.1
23.6
23
.9
42.4
61
.7
86.3
10
9.7
11
9.6
11
9.6
10
5.4
78
.7
77.1
75
.0
72.2
Ita
ly10
9.8
10
5.0
10
4.8
10
2.0
10
0.4
10
0.3
10
1.9
10
2.4
99
.8
102.
4
112.
6
115.
5
116.
5
123.
3
129.
0
131.
8
132.
4
132.
1
132.
3
132.
0
Latv
ia12
.1
12.1
13
.9
13.1
13
.9
14.3
11
.7
9.9
8.
4
18.7
36
.6
47.4
42
.8
41.3
39
.0
40.7
36
.3
40.3
38
.2
37.5
Lu
xem
bour
g6.
8
6.5
7.
0
6.9
6.
9
7.3
7.
5
7.9
7.
8
15.1
16
.0
19.9
18
.8
21.8
23
.5
22.8
22
.1
21.4
23
.4
25.4
N
ethe
rland
s58
.2
51.3
48
.7
48.2
49
.3
49.6
49
.0
44.5
42
.4
54.5
56
.5
59.0
61
.7
66.4
67
.7
67.9
65
.1
63.3
61
.6
59.7
Pol
and
39.5
36
.6
37.2
41
.8
46.6
45
.0
46.4
46
.9
44.2
46
.3
49.4
53
.3
54.4
53
.7
55.7
50
.2
51.1
52
.5
53.8
54
.9
Por
tuga
l51
.0
50.3
53
.4
56.2
58
.7
62.0
67
.4
69.2
68
.4
71.7
83
.6
96.2
11
1.4
12
6.2
12
9.0
13
0.6
12
9.0
13
0.2
12
9.5
12
8.2
S
lova
k R
epub
lic47
.1
49.6
48
.3
42.9
41
.6
40.6
33
.8
30.7
29
.8
28.1
35
.9
40.7
43
.2
52.2
54
.7
53.6
52
.5
52.5
52
.4
51.2
Slo
veni
a23
.7
25.9
26
.1
27.3
26
.7
26.8
26
.3
26.0
22
.8
21.8
34
.6
38.4
46
.6
53.9
71
.0
80.9
83
.1
84.8
85
.5
85.4
S
pain
60.9
58
.0
54.2
51
.3
47.6
45
.3
42.3
38
.9
35.5
39
.4
52.7
60
.1
69.5
85
.7
95.4
10
0.4
99
.8
101.
3
102.
1
102.
2
Sw
eden
61.5
50
.6
51.7
49
.8
48.9
48
.0
48.3
43
.2
38.3
36
.9
40.4
37
.7
37.0
37
.7
40.4
45
.2
43.9
43
.0
41.7
40
.2
Uni
ted
Kin
gdom
39.6
37
.0
34.3
34
.2
35.8
38
.7
40.0
41
.0
42.2
50
.3
64.2
75
.7
81.3
85
.1
86.2
88
.1
89.1
89
.3
89.6
89
.3
Eur
o ar
ea70
.8
68.1
67
.0
66.9
68
.1
68.6
69
.3
67.4
65
.0
68.8
78
.6
84.3
86
.9
91.6
93
.8
94.5
92
.8
92.2
91
.4
90.2
Not
e:
Sou
rce:
OE
CD
Eco
nom
ic O
utlo
ok 1
00 d
atab
ase.
2010
2005
2001
2009
2002
2007
2011
2012
For t
he p
erio
d be
fore
201
4, g
ross
deb
t fig
ures
are
pro
vide
d by
Eur
osta
t, th
e S
tatis
tical
Offi
ce o
f the
Eur
opea
n C
omm
uniti
es, u
nles
s m
ore
rece
nt d
ata
are
avai
labl
e, w
hile
GD
P fi
gure
s ar
e pr
ovid
ed b
y na
tiona
l aut
horit
ies.
This
exp
lain
s w
hy th
ese
ratio
s ca
n di
ffer s
igni
fican
tly fr
om th
e on
es p
ublis
hed
by E
uros
tat.
For t
he p
roje
ctio
n pe
riod,
deb
t rat
ios
are
in li
ne w
ith th
e O
EC
D p
roje
ctio
ns fo
r gen
eral
gov
ernm
ent g
ross
fina
ncia
l lia
bilit
ies
and
GD
P.
1999
2000
2015
2008
2018
2003
2017
2016
2013
2014
2004
2006
OECD ECONOMIC OUTLOOK, VOLUME 2016 ISSUE 2 © OECD 2016 – PRELIMINARY VERSION306
Page 49
STATISTICAL ANNEX
An
nex
Tabl
e39
.S
hor
t-te
rmin
tere
stra
tes
1 2
htt
p://
dx.d
oi.o
rg/1
0.17
87/8
8893
3438
396
Per
cen
t, pe
r ann
um20
1620
1720
18
Aus
tralia
4.7
4.
9
5.5
5.
6
6.0
6.
7
7.0
3.
4
4.7
4.
8
3.7
2.
8
2.7
2.
3
2.0
1.
8
2.3
1.
8
2.1
2.
6
Bra
zil
19.2
23
.5
16.4
19
.1
15.3
12
.1
12.4
10
.2
9.9
11
.8
8.6
8.
3
11.0
13
.5
14.2
12
.4
10.4
..
..
..
Can
ada
2.6
3.
0
2.3
2.
8
4.2
4.
6
3.2
0.
5
0.8
1.
2
1.2
1.
2
1.2
0.
8
0.8
1.
0
1.8
0.
8
1.3
2.
0
Chi
le3.
9
2.8
1.
8
3.5
4.
8
5.2
7.
4
1.7
1.
8
4.9
5.
0
4.9
3.
7
2.9
3.
6
3.9
4.
0
3.8
4.
0
4.0
C
hina
5.4
5.
3
5.4
5.
6
5.9
6.
8
7.0
5.
3
5.4
6.
4
6.3
6.
0
5.9
4.
9
4.4
4.
2
4.1
4.
4
4.1
4.
1
Col
ombi
a8.
9
7.8
7.
8
7.0
6.
3
8.0
9.
7
6.1
3.
7
4.2
5.
4
4.2
4.
1
4.6
6.
8
7.0
6.
1
..
..
..
C
zech
Rep
ublic
3.5
2.
3
2.4
2.
0
2.3
3.
1
4.0
2.
2
1.3
1.
2
1.0
0.
5
0.4
0.
3
0.3
0.
4
0.7
0.
3
0.5
0.
8
Den
mar
k3.
5
2.4
2.
2
2.2
3.
2
4.4
5.
3
2.5
1.
2
1.4
0.
6
0.3
0.
3
-0.1
-0
.1
-0.2
-0
.2
-0.2
-0
.2
-0.2
E
ston
ia3.
9
2.9
2.
5
2.4
3.
2
4.9
6.
7
5.9
1.
6
Hun
gary
8.9
8.
2
11.3
7.
0
6.9
7.
6
8.9
8.
5
5.4
6.
0
6.9
4.
2
2.2
1.
2
0.8
0.
7
1.4
0.
5
0.8
1.
8
Icel
and
9.0
5.
3
6.3
9.
4
12.4
14
.3
15.8
11
.3
6.8
4.
3
5.5
6.
2
6.1
5.
9
6.3
6.
3
6.6
5.
8
6.3
6.
6
Indi
a17.
8
6.9
6.
0
6.2
7.
1
7.8
7.
4
4.8
6.
0
8.1
7.
9
7.6
7.
9
7.0
6.
4
6.1
6.
0
..
..
..
In
done
sia
15.5
10
.6
6.4
8.
1
11.4
8.
0
8.5
9.
3
7.0
6.
9
5.9
6.
3
8.8
8.
3
7.2
6.
4
6.3
..
..
..
Isra
el7.
2
6.6
4.
3
3.9
5.
5
4.3
3.
6
0.6
1.
6
2.8
2.
3
1.3
0.
5
0.1
0.
1
0.2
0.
6
0.1
0.
3
0.7
Ja
pan
0.1
0.
1
0.1
0.
1
0.3
0.
8
0.9
0.
5
0.2
0.
2
0.2
0.
2
0.1
0.
1
0.0
-0
.1
-0.1
-0
.1
-0.1
-0
.1
Kor
ea4.
8
4.3
3.
8
3.6
4.
5
5.2
5.
5
2.6
2.
7
3.4
3.
3
2.7
2.
5
1.8
1.
5
1.4
1.
4
1.4
1.
4
1.4
La
tvia
4.4
3.
8
4.2
3.
1
4.4
8.
7
8.0
13
.1
2.0
1.
0
0.9
0.
4
Lith
uani
a3.
7
2.8
2.
7
2.4
3.
1
5.1
6.
0
7.1
1.
8
1.7
1.
1
0.5
0.
3
Mex
ico
7.4
6.
5
7.1
9.
3
7.3
7.
4
7.9
5.
5
4.6
4.
4
4.4
3.
8
3.1
3.
1
4.4
5.
8
6.3
5.
7
6.0
6.
5
New
Zea
land
5.7
5.
4
6.1
7.
1
7.5
8.
3
8.0
3.
0
3.0
2.
8
2.7
2.
7
3.4
3.
2
2.3
2.
0
2.2
2.
1
2.0
2.
4
Nor
way
6.9
4.
1
2.0
2.
2
3.1
5.
0
6.2
2.
5
2.5
2.
9
2.2
1.
8
1.7
1.
3
1.1
1.
1
1.1
1.
1
1.1
1.
1
Pol
and
8.8
5.
7
6.2
5.
2
4.2
4.
8
6.3
4.
3
3.9
4.
6
4.9
3.
0
2.5
1.
7
1.7
1.
8
2.4
1.
7
2.0
2.
5
Slo
vak
Rep
ublic
7.8
6.
2
4.7
2.
9
4.3
4.
3
Slo
veni
a8.
0
6.8
4.
7
4.0
3.
6
Sou
th A
frica
11.2
10
.7
7.5
6.
9
7.3
9.
1
10.9
7.
8
6.4
5.
5
5.3
5.
1
5.8
6.
1
7.2
7.
0
6.7
..
..
..
Sw
eden
4.3
3.
2
2.3
1.
9
2.6
3.
9
4.7
0.
9
0.9
2.
5
2.0
1.
2
0.7
-0
.2
-0.5
-0
.5
-0.1
-0
.5
-0.4
0.
1
Sw
itzer
land
1.1
0.
3
0.5
0.
8
1.6
2.
6
2.5
0.
4
0.2
0.
1
0.1
0.
0
0.0
-0
.8
-0.8
-0
.7
-0.7
-0
.7
-0.7
-0
.7
Turk
ey
..
39.7
24
.1
16.8
17
.5
18.6
18
.2
10.1
7.
6
8.8
8.
9
6.9
10
.3
11.0
10
.2
8.9
8.
3
9.2
8.
6
8.1
U
nite
d K
ingd
om4.
0
3.7
4.
6
4.7
4.
8
6.0
5.
5
1.2
0.
7
0.9
0.
8
0.5
0.
5
0.6
0.
5
0.5
0.
5
0.5
0.
5
0.5
U
nite
d S
tate
s1.
8
1.2
1.
6
3.5
5.
2
5.3
3.
2
0.9
0.
5
0.4
0.
4
0.3
0.
3
0.5
0.
9
1.5
2.
3
1.2
1.
7
2.5
E
uro
area
3.4
2.
4
2.1
2.
2
3.1
4.
3
4.6
1.
3
0.8
1.
4
0.6
0.
2
0.2
0.
0
-0.3
-0
.3
-0.3
-0
.3
-0.3
-0
.3
Not
e:
1. F
isca
l yea
r.
Sou
rce:
OE
CD
Eco
nom
ic O
utlo
ok 1
00 d
atab
ase.
Four
th q
uarte
r
Thre
e-m
onth
mon
ey m
arke
t rat
es w
here
ava
ilabl
e, o
r rat
es o
n si
mila
r fin
anci
al in
stru
men
ts. F
or fu
rther
info
rmat
ion,
see
Sou
rces
& M
etho
ds o
f the
OE
CD
Eco
nom
ic O
utlo
ok (h
ttp://
ww
w.o
ecd.
org/
eco/
sour
ces-
and-
met
hods
.htm
). In
divi
dual
eur
o ar
ea c
ount
ries
are
not s
how
n (a
fter 2
006
for S
love
nia,
200
7 fo
r the
Slo
vak
Rep
ublic
, 201
0 fo
r Est
onia
, 201
4 fo
r Lat
via
and
2015
for L
ithua
nia)
sin
ce th
eir s
hort-
term
inte
rest
rate
s ar
e eq
ual t
o th
e eu
ro a
rea
rate
.
2013
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
20
0820
0920
1020
1120
12
OECD ECONOMIC OUTLOOK, VOLUME 2016 ISSUE 2 © OECD 2016 – PRELIMINARY VERSION 307
Page 50
STATISTICAL ANNEX
An
nex
Tabl
e40
.Lo
ng-
term
inte
rest
rate
s
1 2
htt
p://
dx.d
oi.o
rg/1
0.17
87/8
8893
3438
404
Per
cen
t, pe
r ann
um20
1620
1720
18
Aus
tralia
5.8
5.
4
5.6
5.
3
5.6
6.
0
5.8
5.
0
5.4
4.
9
3.4
3.
7
3.7
2.
7
2.2
2.
0
2.3
1.
9
2.1
2.
4
Aus
tria
5.0
4.
1
4.1
3.
4
3.8
4.
3
4.4
3.
9
3.2
3.
3
2.4
2.
0
1.5
0.
7
0.4
0.
1
0.1
0.
3
0.1
0.
1
Bel
gium
5.0
4.
2
4.2
3.
4
3.8
4.
3
4.4
3.
9
3.5
4.
2
3.0
2.
4
1.7
0.
8
0.5
0.
2
0.2
0.
4
0.2
0.
2
Can
ada
5.3
4.
8
4.6
4.
1
4.2
4.
3
3.6
3.
2
3.2
2.
8
1.9
2.
3
2.2
1.
5
1.2
1.
9
2.9
1.
4
2.2
3.
2
Chi
le
..
..
..
6.0
6.
2
6.1
7.
0
5.7
6.
3
6.0
5.
4
5.3
4.
7
4.5
4.
4
4.6
4.
7
4.5
4.
7
4.7
C
olom
bia
..
15
.5
14.6
11
.8
9.2
10
.0
11.9
9.
6
8.5
8.
1
6.9
6.
4
7.0
7.
8
8.0
7.
3
7.0
.
. .
.
..
Cze
ch R
epub
lic4.
9
4.1
4.
8
3.5
3.
8
4.3
4.
6
4.8
3.
9
3.7
2.
8
2.1
1.
6
0.6
0.
4
0.5
0.
8
0.4
0.
7
0.9
D
enm
ark
5.1
4.
3
4.3
3.
4
3.8
4.
3
4.3
3.
6
2.9
2.
7
1.4
1.
7
1.3
0.
7
0.3
0.
3
0.4
0.
2
0.3
0.
4
Finl
and
5.0
4.
1
4.1
3.
4
3.8
4.
3
4.3
3.
7
3.0
3.
0
1.9
1.
9
1.4
0.
7
0.4
0.
2
0.2
0.
4
0.2
0.
2
Fran
ce4.
9
4.1
4.
1
3.4
3.
8
4.3
4.
2
3.6
3.
1
3.3
2.
5
2.2
1.
7
0.8
0.
4
0.2
0.
2
0.4
0.
2
0.2
G
erm
any
4.8
4.
1
4.0
3.
4
3.8
4.
2
4.0
3.
2
2.7
2.
6
1.5
1.
6
1.2
0.
5
0.1
-0
.1
-0.1
0.
1
-0.1
-0
.1
Gre
ece
5.1
4.
3
4.3
3.
6
4.1
4.
5
4.8
5.
2
9.1
15
.7
22.5
10
.1
6.9
9.
6
8.5
6.
7
5.0
8.
0
6.0
4.
3
Hun
gary
7.1
6.
8
8.3
6.
6
7.1
6.
7
8.2
9.
1
7.3
7.
6
7.9
5.
9
4.8
3.
4
3.1
3.
1
3.7
2.
9
3.2
4.
0
Icel
and
8.0
6.
7
7.5
8.
6
8.8
9.
4
11.1
8.
3
6.1
6.
0
6.2
5.
8
6.4
6.
3
5.7
5.
8
6.6
5.
3
6.3
6.
6
Indi
a16.
9
5.4
6.
3
7.2
7.
8
7.9
7.
6
7.3
7.
9
8.4
8.
2
8.5
8.
3
7.8
7.
1
6.6
6.
5
..
..
..
Ire
land
5.0
4.
1
4.1
3.
3
3.8
4.
3
4.6
5.
2
6.0
9.
6
6.0
3.
8
2.3
1.
1
0.7
0.
4
0.4
0.
6
0.4
0.
4
Isra
el9.
2
8.9
7.
6
6.4
6.
3
5.6
5.
9
5.1
4.
7
5.0
4.
4
3.8
2.
9
2.1
1.
9
2.4
3.
6
2.0
2.
9
4.1
Ita
ly5.
0
4.3
4.
3
3.6
4.
0
4.5
4.
7
4.3
4.
0
5.4
5.
5
4.3
2.
9
1.7
1.
5
1.7
1.
7
2.0
1.
7
1.7
Ja
pan
1.3
1.
0
1.5
1.
4
1.7
1.
7
1.5
1.
3
1.2
1.
1
0.8
0.
7
0.6
0.
4
-0.1
0.
0
0.0
0.
0
0.0
0.
0
Kor
ea6.
6
5.0
4.
7
5.0
5.
2
5.4
5.
6
5.2
4.
8
4.2
3.
4
3.3
3.
2
2.3
1.
7
2.0
2.
1
1.8
2.
0
2.2
Latv
ia5.
4
4.9
4.
9
3.9
4.
1
5.3
6.
4
12.4
10
.3
5.9
4.
6
3.3
2.
5
1.0
0.
5
0.2
0.
2
0.4
0.
2
0.2
Lu
xem
bour
g4.
7
3.3
2.
8
2.4
3.
3
4.5
4.
6
4.2
3.
2
2.9
1.
8
1.8
1.
3
0.4
-0
.2
-0.4
-0
.4
-0.2
-0
.4
-0.4
M
exic
o10
.1
9.0
9.
5
9.4
8.
4
7.8
8.
3
7.8
7.
1
6.8
6.
1
5.8
6.
0
5.8
6.
2
7.4
8.
1
7.1
7.
8
8.4
N
ethe
rland
s4.
9
4.1
4.
1
3.4
3.
8
4.3
4.
2
3.7
3.
0
3.0
1.
9
2.0
1.
5
0.7
0.
3
0.1
0.
1
0.3
0.
1
0.1
New
Zea
land
6.5
5.
9
6.1
5.
9
5.8
6.
3
6.1
5.
5
5.6
4.
9
3.7
4.
1
4.3
3.
4
2.7
2.
9
3.2
2.
7
3.0
3.
3
Nor
way
6.4
5.
0
4.4
3.
7
4.1
4.
8
4.5
4.
0
3.5
3.
1
2.1
2.
6
2.5
1.
6
1.3
1.
5
1.6
1.
4
1.5
1.
7
Pol
and
7.4
5.
8
6.9
5.
2
5.2
5.
5
6.1
6.
1
5.8
6.
0
5.0
4.
0
3.5
2.
7
3.0
3.
2
3.7
3.
2
3.3
3.
8
Por
tuga
l5.
0
4.2
4.
1
3.4
3.
9
4.4
4.
5
4.2
5.
4
10.2
10
.5
6.3
3.
8
2.4
3.
1
3.1
3.
1
3.3
3.
1
3.1
Slo
vak
Rep
ublic
6.9
5.
0
5.0
3.
5
4.4
4.
5
4.7
4.
7
3.9
4.
4
4.6
3.
2
2.1
0.
9
0.9
1.
1
1.1
1.
3
1.1
1.
1
Slo
veni
a
..
6.4
4.
7
3.8
3.
9
4.5
4.
6
4.4
3.
8
5.0
5.
8
5.8
3.
3
1.7
1.
2
0.8
0.
8
1.0
0.
8
0.8
S
outh
Afri
ca11
.5
9.6
9.
5
8.1
7.
9
8.0
9.
1
8.7
8.
6
8.5
7.
9
7.7
8.
3
8.2
9.
2
9.0
8.
5
..
..
..
S
pain
5.0
4.
1
4.1
3.
4
3.8
4.
3
4.4
4.
0
4.3
5.
4
5.8
4.
6
2.7
1.
7
1.4
1.
1
1.1
1.
3
1.1
1.
1
Sw
eden
5.3
4.
6
4.4
3.
4
3.7
4.
2
3.9
3.
2
2.9
2.
6
1.6
2.
1
1.7
0.
7
0.5
0.
5
0.8
0.
3
0.6
0.
9
Sw
itzer
land
3.2
2.
7
2.7
2.
1
2.5
2.
9
2.9
2.
2
1.6
1.
5
0.6
0.
9
0.7
-0
.1
-0.4
-0
.5
-0.4
-0
.3
-0.5
-0
.4
Turk
ey
..
..
..
..
16.0
16
.8
19.3
13
.5
9.5
9.
4
8.5
7.
7
9.2
9.
3
9.5
8.
7
8.3
8.
9
8.5
8.
1
Uni
ted
Kin
gdom
4.9
4.
5
4.9
4.
4
4.5
5.
0
4.6
3.
6
3.6
3.
1
1.9
2.
4
2.6
1.
9
1.3
1.
3
1.6
1.
2
1.4
1.
7
Uni
ted
Sta
tes
4.6
4.
0
4.3
4.
3
4.8
4.
6
3.7
3.
3
3.2
2.
8
1.8
2.
4
2.5
2.
1
1.8
2.
4
3.6
2.
0
2.8
3.
8
Eur
o ar
ea4.
9
4.2
4.
1
3.4
3.
8
4.3
4.
3
3.8
3.
6
4.2
3.
7
2.9
2.
0
1.1
0.
8
0.6
0.
6
0.8
0.
6
0.5
1. F
isca
l yea
r.
Sou
rce:
OE
CD
Eco
nom
ic O
utlo
ok 1
00 d
atab
ase.
2017
Four
th q
uarte
r20
18
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
Not
e: 1
0-ye
ar b
ench
mar
k go
vern
men
t bon
d yi
elds
whe
re a
vaila
ble
or y
ield
on
sim
ilar f
inan
cial
inst
rum
ents
(for
Kor
ea a
5-y
ear b
ond
is u
sed)
. The
long
-term
inte
rest
rate
s re
fer t
o yi
elds
in s
econ
dary
bon
d m
arke
ts a
nd a
re n
ot re
pres
enta
tive
of
aver
a ge
gove
rnm
ent f
undi
ng c
osts
. For
mor
e de
tails
, see
Sou
rces
& M
etho
ds o
f the
OE
CD
Eco
nom
ic O
utlo
ok (h
ttp://
ww
w.o
ecd.
org/
eco/
sour
ces-
and-
met
hods
.htm
).
2013
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2014
2015
2016
OECD ECONOMIC OUTLOOK, VOLUME 2016 ISSUE 2 © OECD 2016 – PRELIMINARY VERSION308
Page 51
STATISTICAL ANNEX
An
nex
Tabl
e41
.N
omin
alex
chan
gera
tes
(vis
-à-v
isth
eU
Sd
olla
r)
1 2
htt
p://
dx.d
oi.o
rg/1
0.17
87/8
8893
3438
414
2016
20
17
2018
A
rgen
tina
Arg
entin
ean
peso
s2.
917
3.07
43.
116
3.16
23.
728
3.91
04.
126
4.54
85.
478
8.12
29.
258
14.7
0815
.300
15.3
00A
ustra
liaA
ustra
lian
Dol
lar
1.31
31.
328
1.19
51.
198
1.28
21.
090
0.96
90.
966
1.03
61.
109
1.33
11.
340
1.31
31.
313
Bra
zil
Bra
zilia
n R
eal
2.43
52.
175
1.94
71.
835
2.00
01.
760
1.67
41.
953
2.15
82.
354
3.33
13.
497
3.43
73.
437
Can
ada
Can
adia
n D
olla
r1.
212
1.13
41.
074
1.06
81.
141
1.03
00.
989
0.99
91.
030
1.10
51.
278
1.32
71.
348
1.34
8C
hile
Chi
lean
Pes
o55
9.7
530.
352
2.2
523.
555
8.9
510.
048
3.4
486.
049
5.3
570.
665
4.3
676.
366
8.1
668.
1C
hina
Yua
n R
enm
inbi
8.19
47.
972
7.60
76.
950
6.83
16.
769
6.46
36.
309
6.14
86.
160
6.28
46.
631
6.81
16.
811
Col
ombi
aC
olom
bian
Pes
o2
321.
32
359.
12
077.
71
966.
12
156.
81
899.
81
847.
91
797.
71
869.
72
002.
62
744.
53
062.
23
117.
83
117.
8C
osta
Ric
aC
osta
Ric
an C
olon
477.
9051
1.54
517.
2452
6.53
570.
5652
1.89
502.
3950
3.13
500.
9653
7.22
534.
5954
4.27
554.
3355
4.33
0C
zech
Rep
ublic
Cze
ch K
orun
a23
.95
22.5
920
.29
17.0
819
.05
19.0
817
.67
19.5
419
.56
20.7
624
.59
24.3
424
.80
24.8
02D
enm
ark
Dan
ish
Kro
ne5.
996
5.94
35.
443
5.09
95.
359
5.62
25.
357
5.79
05.
618
5.61
96.
725
6.70
36.
825
6.82
5E
ston
iaE
ston
ian
Kro
on
12.6
12.5
11.4
10.7
11.3
11.8
Hun
gary
Forin
t19
9.5
210.
418
3.6
172.
520
2.1
207.
820
0.9
224.
822
3.6
232.
627
9.2
280.
228
4.3
284.
3Ic
elan
dIc
elan
d K
rona
62.8
869
.90
64.0
788
.00
123.
6612
2.24
116.
0612
5.12
122.
1711
6.69
131.
9012
0.74
112.
1611
2.16
Indi
aIn
dian
Rup
ee44
.145
.341
.343
.548
.345
.746
.653
.458
.661
.064
.267
.167
.167
.1In
done
sia
Rup
iah
9 70
1.3
9 16
4.0
9 13
9.4
9 66
3.9
10 3
76.8
9 07
8.0
8 76
0.8
9 35
5.1
10 4
50.0
11 8
66.3
13 3
86.1
13 2
97.0
13 3
50.0
13 3
50.0
Isra
elN
ew Is
rael
i She
qel
4.49
4.46
4.11
3.58
3.93
3.73
3.57
3.85
3.61
3.58
3.89
3.84
3.84
3.84
Japa
nY
en11
0.1
116.
411
7.8
103.
493
.687
.879
.779
.897
.610
5.8
121.
010
7.8
106.
7 1
06.7
Kor
eaW
on1
024.
2 9
54.7
929
.51
100.
91
274.
91
155.
41
107.
31
125.
91
094.
91
053.
11
131.
31
158.
51
164.
41
164.
4La
tvia
Lats
0.56
00.
555
0.51
20.
480
0.50
80.
535
0.50
80.
543
0.52
9
Li
thua
nia
Lith
uani
an L
itas
2.77
82.
752
2.52
32.
360
2.48
52.
608
2.48
42.
687
2.60
12.
600
M
exic
oM
exic
an P
eso
10.8
910
.90
10.9
311
.15
13.5
012
.63
12.4
313
.15
12.7
713
.31
15.8
718
.65
20.6
620
.66
New
Zea
land
New
Zea
land
Dol
lar
1.42
11.
542
1.36
11.
425
1.60
01.
388
1.26
61.
235
1.22
01.
206
1.43
41.
434
1.40
31.
403
Nor
way
Nor
weg
ian
Kro
ne6.
441
6.41
55.
858
5.64
86.
290
6.04
25.
605
5.81
55.
877
6.30
28.
064
8.37
48.
359
8.35
9P
olan
dZl
oty
3.23
43.
103
2.76
52.
410
3.11
93.
015
2.96
23.
252
3.16
03.
154
3.77
03.
918
3.98
63.
986
Rus
sia
Rus
sian
Rub
le28
.24
27.1
825
.57
24.8
731
.77
30.3
729
.40
31.0
531
.86
38.5
961
.26
67.4
866
.21
66.2
1S
lova
k R
epub
licS
lova
k K
orun
a31
.04
29.6
524
.68
S
love
nia
Tola
r19
2.8
191.
0
S
outh
Afri
caR
and
6.36
46.
770
7.05
68.
263
8.41
77.
305
7.24
98.
202
9.64
810
.846
12.7
6514
.753
14.3
5514
.355
Sw
eden
Sw
edis
h K
rona
7.47
47.
373
6.75
86.
597
7.65
37.
202
6.48
96.
769
6.51
36.
860
8.42
98.
540
9.08
59.
085
Sw
itzer
land
Sw
iss
Fran
c1.
246
1.25
31.
200
1.08
41.
086
1.04
30.
887
0.93
70.
927
0.91
50.
962
0.98
10.
987
0.98
7Tu
rkey
New
Tur
kish
Lira
1.34
11.
430
1.30
01.
299
1.54
71.
499
1.67
21.
792
1.90
52.
189
2.72
32.
998
3.26
23.
262
Uni
ted
Kin
gdom
Pou
nd S
terli
ng0.
550
0.54
30.
500
0.54
60.
641
0.64
70.
624
0.63
10.
640
0.60
70.
654
0.74
00.
794
0.79
4U
nite
d S
tate
sU
S D
olla
r1.
000
1.00
01.
000
1.00
01.
000
1.00
01.
000
1.00
01.
000
1.00
01.
000
1.00
01.
000
1.00
0E
uro
area
Eur
o0.
804
0.79
60.
730
0.68
10.
718
0.75
40.
719
0.77
80.
753
0.75
30.
901
0.90
10.
921
0.92
1
1. O
n th
e te
chni
cal a
ssum
ptio
n th
at e
xcha
nge
rate
s re
mai
n at
thei
r lev
els
of 1
6 N
ovem
ber 2
016.
Sou
rce:
O
EC
D E
cono
mic
Out
look
100
dat
abas
e.
Ass
umpt
ions
1
Ave
rage
of d
aily
rate
s
Mon
etar
y un
it20
05
2006
20
07
2008
20
09
2010
20
11
2012
20
13
2014
20
15
OECD ECONOMIC OUTLOOK, VOLUME 2016 ISSUE 2 © OECD 2016 – PRELIMINARY VERSION 309
Page 52
STATISTICAL ANNEX
An
nex
Tabl
e42
.Ef
fect
ive
exch
ange
rate
s
1 2
htt
p://
dx.d
oi.o
rg/1
0.17
87/8
8893
3438
428
Indi
ces
2010
= 1
00, a
vera
ge o
f dai
ly ra
tes
2016
20
17
2018
A
rgen
tina
425.
5
447.
2
491.
7
176.
4
170.
5
161.
6
152.
5
139.
3
128.
9
121.
6
109.
9
100.
0
91.0
88
.1
75.4
52
.7
54.5
35
.4
34.2
34
.2
Aus
tralia
79.3
73
.7
69.5
72
.5
81.1
87
.6
89.7
88
.5
94.2
92
.5
88.8
10
0.0
10
7.2
10
9.4
10
4.4
99
.4
90.2
90
.8
93.9
93
.9
Aus
tria
95.5
93
.1
93.8
95
.1
99.1
10
0.4
99
.5
99.5
10
0.5
10
1.4
10
2.9
10
0.0
10
0.1
98
.6
100.
4
102.
0
99.9
10
1.4
10
1.2
10
1.2
B
elgi
um92
.0
88.2
89
.5
91.8
97
.2
99.2
98
.5
98.6
10
0.1
10
2.3
10
3.6
10
0.0
10
0.6
98
.3
100.
9
102.
7
99.6
10
1.9
10
1.7
10
1.7
B
razi
l93
.5
97.0
78
.8
71.9
62
.0
62.2
74
.3
82.5
88
.9
92.8
89
.6
100.
0
102.
3
90.7
83
.2
79.7
62
.6
62.5
64
.4
64.4
C
anad
a71
.5
72.6
71
.2
70.3
77
.4
81.8
87
.3
92.9
96
.4
95.5
91
.7
100.
0
101.
9
102.
5
100.
0
94.4
86
.5
85.0
84
.6
84.6
C
hile
95.7
93
.6
84.0
88
.1
83.4
90
.8
96.8
10
1.2
98
.4
96.3
93
.6
100.
0
101.
8
104.
4
104.
7
94.1
90
.7
91.2
93
.7
93.7
C
hina
89.7
91
.7
98.0
98
.3
92.4
88
.1
87.5
89
.6
90.6
97
.0
102.
9
100.
0
99.9
10
5.5
11
1.7
11
5.0
12
6.1
12
0.9
11
8.4
11
8.4
C
olom
bia
113.
8
98.2
92
.6
87.6
72
.4
76.6
84
.9
82.8
90
.5
94.0
90
.2
100.
0
100.
1
106.
1
103.
0
99.3
79
.6
73.6
73
.4
73.4
C
osta
Ric
a19
4.4
18
6.4
18
0.4
16
5.9
14
4.1
12
7.2
11
4.8
10
6.4
10
1.6
97
.3
93.1
10
0.0
10
1.1
10
3.3
10
4.6
99
.6
108.
3
108.
8
108.
3
108.
3
Cze
ch R
epub
lic66
.0
66.6
70
.1
78.7
79
.0
79.7
84
.5
88.7
90
.9
101.
9
98.5
10
0.0
10
3.3
99
.4
97.8
93
.8
93.6
96
.4
96.5
96
.5
Den
mar
k93
.1
89.0
90
.6
92.6
97
.6
99.3
98
.4
98.3
99
.8
101.
9
104.
7
100.
0
99.8
97
.2
99.3
10
1.5
99
.2
101.
8
102.
3
102.
3
Est
onia
90.1
87
.2
88.5
91
.1
96.5
98
.2
97.7
97
.3
98.5
10
0.2
10
4.1
10
0.0
10
0.1
97
.9
100.
1
104.
4
107.
5
110.
6
110.
2
110.
2
Finl
and
90.5
86
.4
88.1
90
.6
96.6
98
.7
97.8
97
.5
99.2
10
1.6
10
5.3
10
0.0
10
0.0
97
.1
99.7
10
3.6
10
4.2
10
7.3
10
7.0
10
7.0
Fr
ance
92.8
89
.0
90.1
92
.3
97.5
99
.3
98.6
98
.7
100.
2
102.
2
103.
4
100.
0
100.
4
98.2
10
0.4
10
1.8
98
.6
100.
5
100.
4
100.
4
Ger
man
y92
.4
88.3
89
.5
91.8
97
.8
99.9
98
.8
98.9
10
0.5
10
2.4
10
4.4
10
0.0
10
0.4
97
.8
100.
5
102.
6
99.3
10
1.7
10
1.5
10
1.5
G
reec
e95
.1
88.8
89
.7
92.1
97
.1
98.9
98
.0
98.1
99
.5
101.
7
103.
6
100.
0
100.
8
98.3
10
0.8
10
4.1
10
3.5
10
6.6
10
6.2
10
6.2
H
unga
ry10
3.3
97
.5
99.7
10
7.3
10
7.6
10
9.9
11
0.5
10
3.5
10
9.7
11
0.9
10
1.7
10
0.0
99
.2
93.7
93
.2
91.5
89
.7
91.2
91
.7
91.7
Ic
elan
d19
5.7
19
6.8
16
6.9
17
2.1
18
1.3
18
3.7
20
3.8
18
2.4
18
4.6
13
4.4
98
.2
100.
0
100.
3
98.2
10
0.3
10
7.4
11
1.9
12
5.4
13
7.1
13
7.1
In
dia
120.
0
120.
9
120.
9
117.
3
113.
2
110.
6
112.
3
107.
8
112.
2
103.
5
96.9
10
0.0
94
.1
84.1
77
.6
76.1
80
.0
78.6
79
.6
79.6
In
done
sia
135.
1
129.
1
112.
5
123.
4
126.
0
115.
6
104.
9
109.
7
105.
2
96.1
91
.8
100.
0
98.4
93
.4
86.3
77
.6
75.0
76
.6
77.3
77
.3
Irela
nd88
.4
83.1
84
.2
86.6
93
.7
96.1
95
.7
95.8
98
.1
102.
6
104.
5
100.
0
100.
9
97.1
10
0.0
10
1.0
95
.1
97.9
98
.0
98.0
Is
rael
97.6
10
6.5
10
8.0
95
.2
91.3
87
.8
86.7
86
.9
89.7
99
.9
95.6
10
0.0
10
1.4
97
.8
104.
9
108.
1
110.
5
114.
8
116.
6
116.
6
Italy
91.4
87
.7
89.1
91
.9
97.4
99
.4
98.5
98
.6
100.
1
102.
0
104.
0
100.
0
100.
5
98.2
10
0.8
10
3.2
10
0.7
10
3.3
10
2.9
10
2.9
Ja
pan
85.0
92
.7
86.1
82
.8
85.3
88
.6
85.9
79
.6
75.3
84
.5
97.0
10
0.0
10
5.7
10
7.2
88
.0
83.1
79
.0
91.6
93
.5
93.5
K
orea
108.
3
117.
4
108.
4
112.
4
111.
8
112.
0
124.
5
133.
1
131.
7
107.
4
93.4
10
0.0
99
.8
99.9
10
5.3
11
3.0
11
5.4
11
5.0
11
5.8
11
5.8
La
tvia
104.
2
112.
1
112.
6
111.
5
106.
3
103.
7
97.9
97
.4
97.7
98
.7
105.
1
100.
0
100.
9
100.
3
102.
4
108.
6
115.
9
120.
8
119.
5
119.
5
Lith
uani
a71
.7
80.5
83
.6
90.1
96
.7
98.4
96
.7
96.1
97
.3
98.9
10
4.5
10
0.0
10
0.7
98
.5
101.
3
106.
1
109.
5
113.
6
112.
6
112.
6
Luxe
mbo
urg
95.1
92
.3
93.1
94
.5
98.3
99
.5
98.9
99
.0
100.
0
101.
4
102.
6
100.
0
100.
2
98.6
10
0.0
10
0.9
98
.4
99.7
99
.6
99.6
M
exic
o14
0.1
14
3.5
14
8.1
14
3.9
12
5.1
11
7.3
12
0.5
11
9.6
11
6.9
11
3.6
94
.9
100.
0
100.
0
95.4
98
.9
96.0
84
.5
72.7
65
.9
65.9
N
ethe
rland
s92
.6
88.5
89
.8
91.9
97
.2
99.0
98
.3
98.3
99
.8
102.
0
103.
8
100.
0
100.
4
98.1
10
0.5
10
2.4
99
.8
102.
2
102.
0
102.
0
New
Zea
land
86.3
78
.1
77.0
83
.8
96.1
10
3.2
10
7.9
99
.4
106.
5
99.9
92
.5
100.
0
103.
3
107.
5
111.
6
116.
7
109.
1
110.
9
114.
3
114.
3
Nor
way
88.7
86
.4
88.8
97
.1
96.1
93
.2
97.0
96
.4
98.2
99
.0
95.8
10
0.0
10
2.7
10
4.0
10
1.9
96
.3
87.4
86
.0
88.6
88
.6
Pol
and
89.5
91
.9
101.
4
98.2
89
.4
87.8
98
.0
101.
0
104.
8
114.
5
95.2
10
0.0
97
.3
94.0
95
.5
98.1
97
.8
96.1
96
.4
96.4
P
ortu
gal
95.3
92
.6
93.6
95
.2
98.5
99
.5
98.9
98
.9
99.8
10
1.3
10
2.3
10
0.0
10
0.3
98
.9
100.
7
101.
9
99.7
10
1.4
10
1.3
10
1.3
R
ussi
a14
2.3
13
6.5
13
8.2
12
6.1
11
5.2
11
4.6
11
5.3
11
8.7
11
7.5
11
4.6
95
.2
100.
0
99.2
98
.7
95.9
81
.8
58.0
53
.4
55.3
55
.3
Slo
vak
Rep
ublic
67.1
67
.9
66.6
68
.0
72.9
76
.4
77.9
80
.3
88.8
96
.2
103.
4
100.
0
100.
2
99.1
10
1.0
10
3.3
10
2.4
10
4.4
10
4.1
10
4.1
S
love
nia
117.
3
108.
2
102.
9
100.
4
101.
1
100.
2
99.2
99
.2
100.
0
101.
1
103.
3
100.
0
100.
5
98.9
10
1.0
10
3.2
10
1.8
10
3.8
10
3.5
10
3.5
S
outh
Afri
ca13
5.4
12
7.7
10
8.8
87
.8
111.
3
122.
4
122.
8
115.
5
103.
9
86.1
88
.6
100.
0
97.0
88
.7
76.1
69
.1
65.4
57
.8
60.2
60
.2
Spa
in92
.8
89.7
90
.9
93.3
97
.6
99.0
98
.4
98.5
99
.7
101.
6
103.
1
100.
0
100.
5
98.5
10
0.9
10
2.6
99
.8
102.
3
102.
3
102.
3
Sw
eden
100.
4
100.
3
92.4
95
.3
101.
6
103.
8
101.
1
101.
5
103.
0
101.
3
93.4
10
0.0
10
6.1
10
7.4
11
0.8
10
7.5
10
2.5
10
3.5
99
.0
99.0
S
witz
erla
nd80
.1
78.6
81
.9
86.6
88
.5
89.0
88
.2
86.8
84
.6
89.5
94
.9
100.
0
113.
0
112.
3
112.
9
115.
9
126.
4
127.
4
129.
8
129.
8
Turk
ey41
2.3
29
9.3
16
8.7
12
6.6
11
2.8
11
0.5
11
6.2
10
8.2
11
0.9
10
6.8
96
.6
100.
0
86.2
84
.4
79.2
70
.8
67.1
62
.5
58.3
58
.3
Uni
ted
Kin
gdom
122.
6
126.
0
124.
9
126.
8
122.
2
127.
9
125.
8
126.
5
128.
5
112.
5
100.
7
100.
0
99.3
10
3.3
10
1.4
10
9.1
11
6.8
10
5.3
99
.3
99.3
U
nite
d S
tate
s11
2.1
11
5.6
12
1.8
12
2.7
11
5.6
11
0.4
10
7.5
10
5.8
10
1.0
97
.8
103.
9
100.
0
95.7
98
.6
99.7
10
2.9
11
6.3
12
1.5
12
5.0
12
5.0
E
uro
area
85.5
78
.1
80.2
84
.4
94.9
98
.6
96.9
96
.9
99.9
10
3.9
10
7.9
10
0.0
10
0.6
96
.3
100.
8
104.
5
99.6
10
4.0
10
3.6
10
3.6
Not
e: F
or d
etai
ls o
n th
e m
etho
d of
cal
cula
tion,
see
Sou
rces
& M
etho
ds o
f the
OE
CD
Eco
nom
ic O
utlo
ok (h
ttp://
ww
w.o
ecd.
org/
eco/
sour
ces-
and-
met
hods
.htm
).
1. I
t is
assu
med
that
exc
hang
e ra
tes
rem
ain
at th
eir l
evel
s of
16
Nov
embe
r 201
6.
Sou
rce:
OE
CD
Eco
nom
ic O
utlo
ok 1
00 d
atab
ase.
Ass
umpt
ions
120
11
2012
20
13
2014
20
15
2001
20
00
1999
20
04
2005
20
09
2010
20
08
2003
20
02
2006
20
07
OECD ECONOMIC OUTLOOK, VOLUME 2016 ISSUE 2 © OECD 2016 – PRELIMINARY VERSION310
Page 53
STATISTICAL ANNEX
An
nex
Tabl
e43
.N
omin
alh
ouse
pri
ces
1 2
htt
p://
dx.d
oi.o
rg/1
0.17
87/8
8893
3438
438
Per
cent
age
chan
ges
from
pre
viou
s pe
riod
Aus
tralia
0.8
4.
0
7.3
7.
3
8.3
11
.2
18.7
18
.0
6.2
1.
8
6.9
10
.5
3.9
4.
0
11.7
-2
.2
-0.3
6.
6
9.1
9.
0
Aus
tria
..
..
..
..
..
0.
8
0.6
0.
3
-1.9
5.
0
4.1
4.
7
1.1
3.
9
9.4
6.
2
7.3
5.
2
3.5
4.
9
Bel
gium
2.2
2.
4
6.3
7.
1
5.4
4.
8
6.4
6.
9
8.7
11
.7
9.8
7.
8
4.4
-0
.5
3.1
4.
0
2.2
1.
2
-0.6
1.
7
Can
ada
0.0
2.
5
-1.3
2.
7
4.3
4.
7
8.1
8.
3
8.2
8.
0
11.7
11
.6
5.5
-2
.8
8.9
5.
0
4.8
2.
6
4.9
5.
2
Chi
le
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
2.3
5.
1
3.7
-0
.5
7.1
-1
.0
3.1
7.
6
5.4
5.
5
8.5
6.
1
..
C
zech
Rep
ublic
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
-3
.8
-1.7
0.
0
-1.4
0.
0
2.4
4.
0
Den
mar
k10
.7
11.5
9.
0
6.7
6.
5
5.8
3.
6
3.2
8.
9
18.6
24
.1
2.7
-5
.2
-12.
0
2.8
-1
.7
-2.7
3.
9
3.8
7.
0
Est
onia
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
49.5
20
.8
-9.6
-3
7.2
5.
7
8.5
7.
3
10.7
13
.7
6.9
Fi
nlan
d5.
9
15.8
8.
8
7.1
3.
9
-1.4
6.
0
6.3
8.
2
8.1
6.
4
5.5
0.
6
-0.3
8.
7
2.7
1.
6
1.6
-0
.6
-0.8
Fr
ance
-1.7
-0
.4
2.0
6.
9
8.7
7.
9
8.6
11
.9
15.1
15
.4
12.0
6.
5
0.9
-7
.1
5.1
6.
0
-0.5
-2
.1
-1.7
-1
.9
Ger
man
y-1
.3
-1.8
-0
.9
0.1
0.
5
-0.1
-0
.7
-1.4
-1
.4
-0.9
0.
1
0.9
0.
6
0.6
2.
8
5.8
6.
2
6.2
5.
1
4.7
G
reec
e
..
..
14
.4
8.9
10
.6
14.4
13
.9
5.4
2.
3
10.9
13
.0
6.2
1.
5
-4.3
-4
.4
-5.5
-1
1.8
-1
0.9
-8
.0
-5.0
H
unga
ry
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
2.
4
-5.2
-2
.4
-3.4
-3
.7
-2.6
4.
2
11.3
Ic
elan
d
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
16
.8
9.4
6.
2
-9.7
-3
.0
4.6
6.
9
5.8
8.
4
8.2
Ire
land
8.6
14
.7
24.1
21
.5
20.7
12
.4
7.0
14
.2
11.2
8.
6
14.9
7.
5
-6.9
-1
9.2
-1
3.5
-1
6.2
-1
3.8
2.
7
16.8
8.
9
Isra
el16
.0
9.2
3.
8
4.2
-4
.8
-3.5
5.
3
-5.7
-0
.7
0.2
0.
5
-1.6
7.
6
13.7
17
.6
10.5
3.
2
9.1
6.
4
5.9
Ita
ly-3
.3
-4.6
2.
1
5.6
8.
3
8.2
9.
6
10.3
9.
9
7.5
6.
4
5.2
1.
7
-3.7
-1
.1
0.8
-2
.8
-5.7
-4
.4
-2.6
Ja
pan
-1.8
-1
.4
-1.7
-3
.1
-3.8
-4
.4
-5.3
-6
.2
-6.1
-4
.9
-3.0
-1
.0
0.7
-5
.8
1.4
0.
1
-0.9
1.
6
1.6
2.
4
Kor
ea0.
7
3.0
-9
.2
-1.3
1.
8
3.9
16
.6
9.0
0.
7
1.0
6.
7
10.0
7.
1
0.9
2.
2
4.9
1.
2
-1.1
1.
6
2.8
La
tvia
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
36
.3
1.1
-3
7.3
-1
1.0
10
.4
3.0
6.
8
6.0
-3
.4
Luxe
mbo
urg
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
3.3
-1
.1
5.4
3.
7
4.2
5.
0
4.4
5.
4
Mex
ico
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
6.7
7.
6
4.6
5.
4
3.9
4.
2
4.8
3.
8
4.4
6.
6
Net
herla
nds
10.8
11
.9
10.9
16
.3
18.2
11
.1
6.4
3.
6
4.3
3.
9
4.3
4.
8
2.2
-4
.5
-1.7
-2
.0
-6.7
-6
.0
0.8
3.
6
New
Zea
land
11.9
6.
2
-1.9
2.
0
-0.7
1.
1
8.6
19
.3
18.2
14
.1
10.6
11
.1
-4.4
-1
.7
2.1
1.
1
4.9
9.
0
6.5
11
.6
Nor
way
9.2
11
.8
11.1
11
.2
15.7
7.
0
4.9
1.
7
10.1
8.
2
13.7
12
.6
-1.1
1.
9
8.3
8.
0
6.7
4.
1
2.7
6.
1
Pol
and
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
0.
1
-3.5
-4
.4
1.0
1.
5
Por
tuga
l1.
6
3.6
4.
5
9.0
7.
7
5.4
0.
6
1.1
0.
6
2.3
2.
1
0.5
-5
.1
-0.9
0.
8
-4.9
-7
.1
-1.9
4.
3
3.1
S
lova
k R
epub
lic
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
16
.7
29.0
17
.9
-12.
8
-4.0
-1
.5
-2.7
0.
9
1.4
5.
4
Slo
veni
a
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
7.
0
-9.5
0.
1
2.7
-6
.9
-5.2
-6
.6
0.8
S
pain
2.5
4.
3
4.9
7.
0
7.5
9.
5
17.0
20
.0
18.3
14
.6
13.6
9.
8
-1.4
-6
.6
-1.8
-7
.6
-14.
8
-9.1
0.
3
3.6
S
wed
en0.
8
6.6
9.
5
9.4
11
.2
7.9
6.
3
6.6
9.
3
9.0
12
.4
12.5
1.
1
3.0
8.
0
2.5
1.
2
5.5
9.
4
13.1
S
witz
erla
nd-5
.3
-3.5
-0
.9
-0.1
0.
9
1.9
4.
6
3.0
2.
4
1.1
2.
5
2.1
2.
6
5.0
4.
7
4.1
3.
7
4.7
1.
3
2.3
Tu
rkey
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
10
.2
11.7
12
.7
14.5
18
.4
Uni
ted
Kin
gdom
3.7
8.
8
11.5
10
.9
14.9
8.
1
16.2
15
.7
11.9
6.
9
7.9
9.
9
-4.5
-8
.9
5.7
-1
.4
0.4
2.
6
8.0
6.
0
Uni
ted
Sta
tes
3.0
2.
9
4.8
6.
1
6.7
6.
9
7.1
7.
7
9.5
10
.5
5.9
0.
1
-8.0
-5
.8
-3.0
-4
.1
3.1
7.
3
5.4
5.
6
Eur
o ar
ea-0
.3
0.3
2.
9
5.5
6.
5
5.8
6.
6
7.2
7.
5
7.4
7.
0
5.3
0.
8
-3.9
1.
3
1.6
-1
.6
-1.2
0.
8
1.6
To
tal O
EC
D1.
2
2.0
3.
2
4.7
5.
5
5.0
6.
4
6.4
6.
6
6.7
5.
7
3.6
-2
.2
-4.1
0.
9
-0.2
1.
3
3.4
3.
9
4.6
Sou
rce:
OE
CD
, Ana
lytic
al h
ouse
pric
e da
taba
se.
1996
20
09
2010
20
11
1997
19
99
1998
20
04
2000
20
01
2002
20
03
2005
20
06
2007
20
08
2014
20
13
2015
20
12
OECD ECONOMIC OUTLOOK, VOLUME 2016 ISSUE 2 © OECD 2016 – PRELIMINARY VERSION 311
Page 54
STATISTICAL ANNEX
An
nex
Tabl
e44
.R
ealh
ouse
pri
ces
1 2
htt
p://
dx.d
oi.o
rg/1
0.17
87/8
8893
3438
445
Per
cent
age
chan
ges
from
pre
viou
s pe
riod
Aus
tralia
-1.2
2.
5
6.0
6.
2
4.7
7.
5
15.5
15
.4
4.7
-0
.3
3.2
7.
1
0.7
1.
4
9.2
-4
.6
-2.8
4.
1
6.8
7.
4
Aus
tria
..
..
..
..
..
-1
.5
-0.4
-1
.2
-3.7
2.
4
2.0
2.
1
-1.1
3.
4
7.5
3.
0
4.8
2.
9
1.4
3.
5
Bel
gium
1.5
0.
9
5.1
6.
4
2.1
2.
7
4.9
5.
2
6.1
8.
7
6.5
4.
8
1.2
-0
.1
1.4
1.
0
0.2
0.
3
-1.3
1.
3
Can
ada
-1.5
1.
1
-2.6
1.
1
2.0
2.
6
6.0
6.
5
6.6
6.
2
10.2
9.
8
3.9
-3
.0
7.4
2.
8
3.5
1.
2
3.0
4.
0
Chi
le
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
-0.4
4.
4
-0.4
-3
.6
3.2
-7
.8
1.6
4.
4
1.6
2.
7
5.5
0.
8
..
C
zech
Rep
ublic
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
-4
.7
-2.2
-1
.4
-3.6
-0
.8
1.8
3.
9
Den
mar
k8.
8
9.5
7.
4
4.8
3.
6
3.4
1.
7
1.9
7.
7
16.6
21
.4
0.9
-7
.8
-13.
1
0.3
-4
.0
-5.0
3.
1
2.9
6.
4
Est
onia
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
41.2
12
.2
-16.
5
-37.
1
1.7
2.
8
3.3
7.
7
13.2
6.
8
Finl
and
4.9
13
.5
7.0
5.
5
0.8
-4
.0
4.3
5.
3
7.8
7.
0
5.0
3.
5
-2.7
-2
.1
7.1
-0
.5
-1.2
-0
.8
-2.0
-1
.2
Fran
ce-3
.3
-1.2
1.
7
7.4
6.
3
5.8
7.
7
10.0
12
.7
13.3
9.
7
4.3
-1
.8
-5.8
4.
0
4.1
-1
.9
-2.8
-1
.9
-1.7
G
erm
any
-2.3
-3
.0
-1.4
-0
.3
-0.3
-1
.8
-1.9
-3
.1
-2.3
-2
.4
-1.0
-0
.7
-1.0
1.
0
0.8
3.
7
4.7
5.
1
4.1
4.
1
Gre
ece
..
..
9.0
5.
9
7.1
11
.2
11.6
2.
8
-1.0
7.
7
9.4
2.
4
-2.7
-5
.2
-7.7
-7
.6
-12.
1
-9.1
-5
.3
-3.8
H
unga
ry
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
-3
.1
-8.9
-5
.9
-6.9
-9
.3
-4.3
3.
2
11.6
Ic
elan
d
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
9.
0
4.4
-7
.4
-21.
4
-4.9
1.
2
1.1
2.
5
5.3
7.
5
Irela
nd5.
5
13.0
19
.2
18.1
15
.1
7.6
1.
6
9.9
8.
8
7.5
12
.0
4.2
-8
.7
-13.
4
-11.
6
-17.
1
-15.
0
1.2
15
.2
8.3
Is
rael
8.1
2.
7
-1.7
-1
.3
-6.5
-4
.1
0.9
-6
.0
-1.2
-1
.4
-1.8
-2
.9
2.1
11
.5
14.0
7.
1
1.4
7.
6
5.7
6.
3
Italy
-7.0
-6
.7
0.2
3.
6
4.7
5.
4
6.5
7.
2
7.3
5.
3
3.7
2.
8
-1.4
-3
.3
-2.5
-2
.1
-5.4
-6
.8
-4.6
-2
.6
Japa
n-1
.8
-2.6
-1
.6
-2.4
-3
.1
-3.4
-4
.0
-5.2
-5
.4
-4.3
-2
.7
-0.3
0.
4
-3.4
3.
2
0.9
0.
0
1.9
-0
.4
2.2
K
orea
-5.7
-3
.1
-14.
5
-3.8
-2
.5
-0.5
13
.1
5.6
-2
.4
-1.1
5.
1
7.9
2.
4
-1.6
-0
.3
1.2
-1
.0
-2.0
0.
5
1.9
La
tvia
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
22
.0
-10.
7
-35.
0
-8.7
4.
1
-0.4
6.
6
4.2
-2
.7
Luxe
mbo
urg
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
1.1
-1
.8
4.0
0.
7
2.2
3.
4
4.1
6.
1
Mex
ico
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
3.1
2.
5
-1.7
0.
0
-0.5
0.
7
0.9
1.
1
0.2
2.
4
Net
herla
nds
8.4
9.
4
8.8
14
.5
14.5
7.
4
3.2
1.
6
2.7
2.
3
1.6
2.
5
0.0
-3
.5
-2.7
-4
.0
-8.0
-8
.2
0.1
3.
6
New
Zea
land
9.9
4.
8
-3.2
1.
2
-2.7
-1
.1
6.5
18
.7
16.7
12
.0
7.4
9.
4
-7.8
-4
.3
0.9
-1
.8
4.0
8.
3
5.6
10
.8
Nor
way
7.9
9.
2
8.4
9.
0
12.5
4.
8
3.5
-1
.1
8.8
7.
0
11.6
11
.2
-4.4
-0
.6
6.0
6.
8
5.6
2.
0
0.5
3.
7
Pol
and
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
-4
.6
-6.6
-4
.8
1.1
2.
9
Por
tuga
l-1
.2
0.6
2.
0
6.3
3.
9
1.6
-2
.8
-2.4
-1
.6
-1.5
-1
.4
-2.8
-7
.7
1.0
-1
.0
-6.5
-8
.8
-2.7
3.
9
2.3
S
lova
k R
epub
lic
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
11
.3
25.7
12
.9
-12.
8
-4.9
-5
.2
-5.9
-0
.4
1.5
5.
5
Slo
veni
a
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
1.
3
-10.
2
-1.3
0.
9
-8.2
-6
.0
-6.6
1.
5
Spa
in-0
.3
1.4
3.
2
4.8
3.
3
5.8
13
.8
16.3
14
.2
10.9
9.
6
6.3
-4
.8
-5.8
-3
.6
-9.8
-1
6.8
-1
0.1
0.
2
3.8
S
wed
en-0
.1
5.1
9.
0
7.8
10
.1
5.6
4.
8
4.9
8.
5
7.8
11
.1
10.9
-2
.0
0.7
6.
4
0.8
0.
7
4.7
8.
2
12.0
S
witz
erla
nd-6
.2
-4.4
-1
.1
-0.5
-0
.5
1.3
5.
0
2.2
1.
6
0.0
1.
2
0.7
0.
7
5.6
4.
2
4.1
4.
9
5.3
1.
5
3.1
Tu
rkey
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
1.
2
3.2
6.
2
7.0
10
.8
Uni
ted
Kin
gdom
0.3
6.
9
9.8
10
.1
14.2
7.
7
15.5
14
.2
10.1
4.
8
5.0
7.
7
-8.0
-9
.8
3.6
-4
.8
-1.5
0.
2
6.2
5.
7
Uni
ted
Sta
tes
0.8
1.
1
4.0
4.
6
4.1
4.
9
5.6
5.
6
6.9
7.
4
3.2
-2
.3
-10.
8
-5.7
-4
.6
-6.4
1.
2
5.9
3.
8
5.2
E
uro
area
-2.3
-1
.4
1.7
4.
5
3.9
3.
3
4.5
4.
8
5.3
5.
2
4.6
2.
8
-1.9
-3
.2
-0.2
-0
.7
-3.4
-2
.2
0.3
1.
4
Tota
l OE
CD
-0.7
0.
2
2.1
3.
6
3.5
3.
2
5.1
4.
6
4.7
4.
6
3.5
1.
4
-5.0
-4
.1
-0.6
-2
.5
-0.6
2.
0
2.4
3.
9
Sou
rce:
OE
CD
, Ana
lytic
al h
ouse
pric
e da
taba
se.
2001
20
06
2008
20
02
2010
20
04
1996
19
97
1998
19
99
2000
20
14
2003
20
07
2005
20
11
2013
20
15
2012
20
09
OECD ECONOMIC OUTLOOK, VOLUME 2016 ISSUE 2 © OECD 2016 – PRELIMINARY VERSION312
Page 55
STATISTICAL ANNEX
An
nex
Tabl
e45
.H
ouse
pri
ce-t
o-re
nt
rati
o
1 2
htt
p://
dx.d
oi.o
rg/1
0.17
87/8
8893
3438
458
Long
-term
ave
rage
= 1
00
Aus
tralia
77.5
78
.3
81.6
85
.2
89.5
96
.5
111.
9
129.
6
134.
4
133.
9
138.
6
145.
2
140.
2
136.
5
146.
2
136.
8
130.
9
135.
1
143.
7
154.
2
Aus
tria
..
..
..
..
101.
4
98.7
97
.5
96.1
92
.1
93.9
95
.4
96.1
94
.6
94.2
10
0.2
10
3.1
10
6.0
10
8.1
10
7.6
10
8.1
B
elgi
um81
.6
82.2
86
.4
91.2
94
.8
97.5
10
1.1
10
5.8
11
2.8
12
3.5
13
1.7
13
9.3
14
2.6
13
9.0
14
1.7
14
5.7
14
6.7
14
6.5
14
2.7
14
3.7
C
anad
a79
.6
80.7
78
.8
80.1
82
.6
85.1
90
.2
96.3
10
3.1
11
0.4
12
2.2
13
4.2
13
9.1
13
3.3
14
3.4
14
8.8
15
3.8
15
5.3
16
0.6
16
7.0
D
enm
ark
80.1
87
.0
93.0
96
.7
100.
2
103.
2
104.
3
104.
7
111.
0
128.
6
156.
4
157.
3
145.
2
124.
0
124.
0
118.
4
112.
3
114.
2
116.
5
122.
3
Finl
and
79.3
89
.7
95.5
10
1.0
99
.1
94.2
10
0.4
10
7.3
11
5.0
12
0.9
12
3.2
12
2.6
11
8.2
12
2.2
13
2.9
13
2.2
12
9.6
12
7.9
12
3.3
11
8.8
Fr
ance
72.0
70
.7
70.7
74
.3
80.8
86
.9
92.1
10
0.2
11
2.2
12
5.0
13
5.4
13
9.9
13
8.1
12
5.7
13
0.0
13
6.2
13
3.4
12
8.5
12
4.9
12
1.8
G
erm
any
95.7
91
.8
89.8
89
.1
88.5
87
.5
85.7
83
.6
81.9
80
.3
79.5
79
.4
78.9
78
.5
79.8
83
.4
87.5
91
.8
95.0
98
.3
Gre
ece
..
77
.1
82.9
86
.4
91.9
10
1.1
10
9.7
10
9.9
10
6.8
11
3.6
12
2.9
12
4.9
12
2.0
11
2.7
10
5.2
98
.5
88.8
84
.9
84.6
84
.1
Irela
nd71
.8
77.5
93
.0
136.
2
146.
9
136.
4
149.
5
181.
3
196.
1
195.
9
183.
6
150.
1
124.
3
151.
2
127.
6
93.6
83
.1
86.0
10
1.2
10
9.4
Is
rael
109.
1
106.
4
99.9
96
.0
93.2
86
.9
82.1
80
.2
81.2
82
.6
82.3
85
.0
92.9
94
.5
106.
8
113.
4
113.
0
120.
5
125.
8
131.
0
Italy
88.5
79
.1
76.8
78
.5
82.9
87
.7
94.0
10
0.8
10
7.8
11
3.4
11
7.8
12
1.1
12
0.2
11
2.1
10
8.7
10
7.8
10
2.6
95
.4
91.6
89
.0
Japa
n11
1.4
10
8.8
10
7.1
10
4.1
10
0.3
96
.0
91.2
85
.8
80.8
77
.1
74.9
74
.2
74.8
70
.7
72.1
72
.4
72.1
73
.6
75.0
77
.0
Kor
ea85
.3
85.0
76
.8
79.1
80
.8
80.7
89
.0
93.8
92
.9
94.1
10
0.0
10
8.0
11
3.1
11
2.4
11
2.7
11
3.8
11
0.5
10
6.5
10
5.7
10
5.9
N
ethe
rland
s82
.0
88.3
94
.5
106.
6
122.
6
132.
7
137.
4
138.
1
139.
7
141.
5
144.
1
148.
1
148.
9
139.
0
133.
6
128.
8
117.
4
106.
4
102.
6
102.
9
New
Zea
land
76.7
79
.0
75.8
78
.2
77.5
86
.5
92.1
10
6.6
12
2.2
13
6.1
14
7.2
15
9.0
14
7.6
14
2.9
14
3.8
14
2.7
14
6.2
15
6.1
16
2.8
17
7.4
N
orw
ay70
.3
76.7
83
.3
90.1
10
0.3
10
3.4
10
3.9
10
1.6
10
9.7
11
6.4
12
9.4
14
3.0
13
7.4
13
5.2
14
2.4
15
0.4
15
7.5
15
8.9
15
9.0
16
4.1
P
ortu
gal
95.0
94
.8
96.6
10
3.8
10
9.2
11
2.1
10
9.2
10
7.8
10
5.7
10
5.6
10
5.1
10
2.9
94
.8
91.4
90
.3
85.0
77
.5
75.1
74
.9
76.4
S
pain
84.7
83
.2
83.2
85
.9
89.0
93
.5
104.
8
120.
6
137.
1
150.
7
164.
0
172.
6
163.
3
147.
9
143.
7
131.
3
111.
3
101.
3
102.
4
106.
5
Sw
eden
58.4
60
.3
65.6
71
.7
79.4
84
.2
87.7
91
.1
96.6
10
2.8
11
4.6
12
6.9
12
5.2
12
4.9
13
2.7
13
3.0
13
1.1
13
5.2
14
5.5
16
2.1
S
witz
erla
nd85
.7
82.3
81
.5
80.8
80
.4
79.7
82
.6
84.8
85
.8
85.6
86
.1
85.9
86
.1
88.3
91
.4
93.9
96
.8
100.
8
100.
9
102.
4
Uni
ted
Kin
gdom
64.6
68
.0
73.6
79
.2
88.2
92
.3
104.
4
119.
1
130.
3
134.
6
140.
8
150.
0
138.
8
124.
1
129.
4
124.
4
120.
9
120.
9
127.
6
131.
4
Uni
ted
Sta
tes
90.2
90
.0
91.3
94
.2
97.4
10
0.4
10
3.6
10
8.9
11
6.1
12
5.0
12
8.0
12
3.6
11
0.8
10
3.3
10
0.6
95
.2
96.1
10
0.8
10
3.3
10
5.9
E
uro
area
87.0
84
.1
84.1
87
.0
90.9
94
.2
98.0
10
2.7
10
7.8
11
2.8
11
7.2
11
9.6
11
7.5
11
1.5
11
1.3
11
1.3
10
8.0
10
5.4
10
5.2
10
5.9
To
tal O
EC
D88
.8
88.0
88
.6
91.0
94
.0
96.2
99
.7
104.
0
108.
5
113.
4
116.
8
117.
6
112.
3
106.
1
106.
1
104.
2
103.
6
105.
1
107.
1
109.
9
Sou
rce:
OE
CD
, Ana
lytic
al h
ouse
pric
e da
taba
se.
2001
20
06
2008
20
02
2010
20
04
1996
19
97
1998
19
99
2000
20
14
2003
20
07
2005
20
11
2013
20
15
2012
20
09
OECD ECONOMIC OUTLOOK, VOLUME 2016 ISSUE 2 © OECD 2016 – PRELIMINARY VERSION 313
Page 56
STATISTICAL ANNEX
An
nex
Tabl
e46
.H
ouse
pri
ce-t
o-in
com
era
tio
1 2
htt
p://
dx.d
oi.o
rg/1
0.17
87/8
8893
3438
469
Long
-term
ave
rage
= 1
00
Aus
tralia
83.5
84
.1
88.7
90
.5
93.1
95
.8
110.
8
124.
8
123.
9
119.
8
122.
2
123.
3
120.
2
118.
8
128.
0
118.
2
115.
0
119.
7
127.
6
137.
0
Aus
tria
..
..
..
..
98.8
98
.3
97.5
94
.8
90.0
89
.2
89.1
89
.3
88.0
91
.5
99.8
10
3.3
10
7.3
11
3.3
11
5.9
12
0.8
B
elgi
um84
.4
84.7
87
.5
91.5
91
.9
92.2
97
.8
103.
4
110.
6
119.
9
125.
8
130.
2
129.
9
128.
3
132.
8
136.
7
138.
3
139.
6
138.
1
139.
8
Can
ada
93.3
93
.1
88.8
87
.3
86.0
87
.2
91.4
96
.6
100.
5
104.
8
110.
8
118.
3
119.
5
115.
6
121.
7
123.
6
126.
1
125.
0
128.
4
131.
8
Den
mar
k81
.9
90.4
94
.7
102.
2
105.
9
106.
0
105.
0
104.
7
110.
3
125.
9
150.
1
153.
4
143.
8
122.
6
119.
2
113.
7
108.
7
111.
0
113.
2
117.
5
Finl
and
85.1
92
.3
95.8
96
.1
95.7
90
.3
91.6
92
.9
96.2
10
2.0
10
4.8
10
5.3
10
0.7
98
.0
102.
4
101.
4
100.
9
100.
3
99.8
98
.3
Fran
ce76
.9
74.9
73
.9
77.5
80
.1
82.7
86
.9
95.7
10
6.4
12
0.6
13
0.3
13
2.9
13
1.2
12
2.0
12
5.8
13
1.5
13
0.7
12
8.0
12
5.3
12
1.6
G
erm
any
102.
4
99.1
96
.8
94.5
93
.5
89.4
88
.4
85.1
82
.3
80.0
78
.3
77.6
76
.1
77.1
77
.2
79.3
82
.4
86.5
89
.3
91.5
G
reec
e
..
76.0
81
.0
86.6
93
.4
101.
2
107.
9
103.
5
98.8
10
7.6
11
1.8
11
1.7
10
7.8
10
1.5
10
6.2
11
0.2
10
7.0
10
2.8
97
.2
93.0
Ire
land
72.8
77
.0
85.8
99
.9
119.
9
119.
4
121.
1
131.
9
139.
4
141.
7
156.
7
159.
1
140.
0
121.
9
111.
5
95.5
82
.8
85.8
98
.3
97.0
Ita
ly84
.3
78.8
80
.0
82.2
85
.5
88.4
93
.5
99.8
10
5.4
11
1.2
11
4.7
11
7.0
11
8.0
11
7.6
11
7.4
11
5.9
11
6.8
11
0.3
10
5.3
10
2.0
Ja
pan
107.
5
104.
5
102.
5
100.
4
98.3
96
.7
92.1
87
.4
82.0
77
.8
75.2
74
.3
75.4
71
.7
72.7
72
.6
72.0
72
.9
73.6
74
.5
Kor
ea83
.8
80.5
72
.0
68.2
66
.3
65.4
71
.5
73.4
69
.1
66.6
68
.2
71.8
73
.1
71.4
69
.1
69.1
67
.7
64.0
62
.4
61.2
N
ethe
rland
s85
.1
89.3
94
.8
105.
6
119.
1
121.
1
126.
2
130.
7
135.
2
139.
5
141.
7
142.
8
144.
8
139.
6
137.
5
131.
7
122.
5
114.
3
115.
4
115.
8
New
Zea
land
92.7
94
.8
90.5
85
.8
87.4
83
.4
90.0
99
.6
111.
9
123.
2
128.
1
132.
6
126.
5
118.
8
117.
0
112.
1
114.
1
122.
3
132.
5
147.
8
Nor
way
76.9
81
.2
83.7
89
.3
97.4
10
3.1
99
.1
94.2
99
.8
99.4
11
9.5
12
6.7
11
8.7
11
5.8
12
1.5
12
6.3
12
9.5
12
8.7
12
7.3
12
6.9
P
ortu
gal
114.
8
112.
8
108.
7
110.
9
113.
3
114.
0
110.
2
109.
7
105.
3
103.
2
101.
9
97.9
89
.6
89.3
87
.5
86.6
83
.0
81.1
84
.4
84.4
S
pain
83.5
83
.9
84.3
86
.1
84.8
87
.2
97.9
11
1.6
12
6.7
13
9.9
15
3.1
16
5.3
15
7.1
14
4.8
14
5.2
13
3.1
11
7.4
10
6.9
10
6.0
10
7.7
S
wed
en72
.7
77.3
82
.7
86.4
90
.5
90.1
91
.8
95.8
10
3.2
10
9.4
11
7.3
12
4.2
11
9.5
11
8.7
12
5.6
12
2.5
11
9.7
12
4.2
13
2.1
14
5.8
S
witz
erla
nd89
.3
83.9
80
.8
78.3
76
.1
75.5
80
.1
82.8
83
.6
82.8
81
.5
79.7
80
.5
84.3
87
.8
90.8
92
.6
95.5
96
.8
101.
3
Uni
ted
Kin
gdom
65.3
67
.4
72.5
77
.6
83.9
86
.9
98.9
11
1.5
12
2.3
12
6.7
13
2.4
14
0.3
12
9.5
11
4.3
11
8.1
11
5.8
11
2.5
11
4.0
12
0.5
12
4.0
U
nite
d S
tate
s93
.4
92.2
91
.6
93.8
94
.1
97.0
10
0.3
10
4.0
10
8.3
11
5.6
11
5.8
11
1.8
99
.2
94.7
90
.2
83.0
82
.0
88.8
89
.7
91.8
E
uro
area
89.3
87
.2
87.4
89
.5
91.5
92
.1
95.7
99
.7
103.
8
108.
9
112.
7
114.
7
112.
6
109.
1
110.
1
110.
2
108.
9
107.
4
107.
3
107.
1
Tota
l OE
CD
91.3
90
.1
89.8
91
.4
92.3
93
.8
97.2
10
0.5
10
3.3
10
7.3
10
9.0
10
9.0
10
3.2
98
.8
97.9
94
.6
93.3
95
.8
96.8
98
.4
Sou
rce:
OE
CD
, Ana
lytic
al h
ouse
pric
e da
taba
se.
2001
20
06
2008
20
02
2010
20
04
1996
19
97
1998
19
99
2000
20
14
2003
20
07
2005
20
11
2013
20
15
2012
20
09
OECD ECONOMIC OUTLOOK, VOLUME 2016 ISSUE 2 © OECD 2016 – PRELIMINARY VERSION314
Page 57
STATISTICAL ANNEX
An
nex
Tabl
e47
.Ex
por
tvo
lum
esof
good
san
dse
rvic
es 1 2
htt
p://
dx.d
oi.o
rg/1
0.17
87/8
8893
3438
475
Nat
iona
l acc
ount
s ba
sis,
per
cent
age
chan
ges
from
pre
viou
s pe
riod
Arg
entin
a-1
.3
2.7
2.
7
3.1
6.
0
8.1
12
.9
5.6
8.
2
0.7
-9
.3
13.9
4.
1
-4.1
-3
.5
-7.0
-0
.6
4.7
3.
1
4.8
A
ustra
lia4.
5
11.3
2.
7
0.6
-1
.7
3.9
3.
0
3.2
3.
2
3.5
2.
5
5.4
-0
.2
6.3
5.
9
6.7
5.
8
7.1
7.
0
7.1
A
ustri
a6.
2
13.4
5.
8
4.0
0.
4
8.7
6.
3
7.9
7.
3
2.1
-1
4.9
13
.7
6.0
1.
7
0.5
2.
4
3.5
1.
8
3.1
3.
6
Bel
gium
5.0
12
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0.4
3.
7
1.6
6.
2
5.0
5.
3
5.7
1.
7
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10
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6.7
1.
8
0.8
5.
1
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4.
2
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6
Bra
zil
5.6
13
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8.9
6.
5
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13
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7
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3
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8
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ada
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5
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9
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8
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8
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9
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hile
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5
Chi
na11
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6
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7
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7
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5
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zech
Rep
ublic
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9
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mar
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12.6
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7
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8
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ston
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5
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3
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8
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3.
9
3.8
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3
Finl
and
11.3
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7
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7
6.9
10
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1
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1
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8
3.8
Fr
ance
4.8
13
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7
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7
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9
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1
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1
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9
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G
erm
any
5.0
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3
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3
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3
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4
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4
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Hun
gary
11.8
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7
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4
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5
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2
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7
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1
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7
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4
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7
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2
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3.6
In
dia1
18.0
18
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4.3
21
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9.6
27
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20
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15.6
6.
7
7.8
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7
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4.
5
4.6
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2
Indo
nesi
a-3
1.8
26
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13
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4
8.5
9.
5
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15
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1.
0
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5
Irela
nd15
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20.9
14
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6.6
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5
6.1
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9
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4.
6
5.7
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9
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14.4
34
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8
2.9
Is
rael
14.7
23
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1
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8.
2
17.6
5.
1
5.3
10
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15
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3.6
1.
5
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3.
3
3.1
4.
0
Italy
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12
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5.
5
4.3
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5
5.5
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0
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6.
1
2.0
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0
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0
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0
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pan
1.8
12
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7.
9
9.5
14
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9
8.7
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4
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2
24.8
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2
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8
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K
orea
13.1
17
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13
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20
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7.8
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5
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1
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6
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0
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0
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23
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13
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8
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3.
9
2.6
2.
3
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Lith
uani
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8.8
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20
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8
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6
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7
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xem
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12.6
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8
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5
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5
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3
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5
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9
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6
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3
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ew Z
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3
7.7
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3
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1.8
4.
9
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1.
9
3.3
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6
1.8
1.
0
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6.
8
3.8
3.
5
2.8
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orw
ay2.
8
3.2
4.
3
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1.0
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5
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4
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7
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2.
4
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14
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15.6
10
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7.
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4.6
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gal
3.6
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4
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1
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2
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0
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7
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9.5
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2
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12
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11.8
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5
7.3
6.
3
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7.0
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3
1.4
4.
6
0.6
3.
6
0.6
3.
0
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S
lova
k R
epub
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7.5
10
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7.0
18
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12
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14
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6.8
15
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12.0
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3
6.7
3.
7
7.0
5.
3
6.1
7.
0
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veni
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0
12.6
7.
2
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2
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11
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6.6
10
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0.
6
3.1
5.
7
5.6
6.
3
4.3
4.
2
Sou
th A
frica
1.3
8.
3
2.4
1.
0
0.1
2.
8
8.6
7.
5
7.8
1.
5
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0
7.7
3.
5
0.8
3.
6
3.3
4.
1
2.5
3.
5
4.7
S
pain
8.0
10
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3.7
1.
4
3.4
4.
3
1.8
4.
9
8.3
-0
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0
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7.
4
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4.
3
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4.
9
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4.
5
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8
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9
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4
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6.
6
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11
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1.
6
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5.
5
5.2
2.
7
3.4
3.
2
Sw
itzer
land
3.1
12
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0.0
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9.
0
6.8
6.
6
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3.
7
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0
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5.
1
1.2
15
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2.
2
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4.
1
3.6
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rkey
-10.
7
16.0
3.
9
6.9
6.
9
11.2
7.
9
6.6
7.
3
2.7
-5
.0
3.4
7.
9
16.3
-0
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-0
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4.
0
4.8
U
nite
d K
ingd
om2.
8
9.6
2.
1
2.4
2.
7
5.1
8.
1
12.5
-1
.5
1.1
-8
.8
5.8
5.
8
0.6
1.
1
1.5
4.
5
2.7
3.
2
4.0
U
nite
d S
tate
s2.
6
8.6
-5
.8
-1.7
1.
8
9.8
6.
2
9.0
9.
3
5.7
-8
.8
11.9
6.
9
3.4
3.
5
4.3
0.
1
0.9
3.
5
3.0
To
tal O
EC
D4.
9
11.9
0.
5
2.0
2.
2
8.7
5.
8
8.6
6.
9
1.9
-1
1.1
11
.4
6.3
2.
8
2.8
4.
3
4.2
2.
3
3.4
3.
6
Not
e: R
egio
nal a
ggre
gate
s ar
e ca
lcul
ated
incl
usiv
e of
intra
-regi
onal
trad
e as
the
sum
of v
olum
es e
xpre
ssed
in 2
010
US
D.
1. F
isca
l yea
r.
Sou
rce:
OE
CD
Eco
nom
ic O
utlo
ok 1
00 d
atab
ase.
2018
2011
2012
2013
2014
2017
2016
2004
2005
2006
2015
2007
2008
2009
2010
2003
1999
2000
2001
2002
OECD ECONOMIC OUTLOOK, VOLUME 2016 ISSUE 2 © OECD 2016 – PRELIMINARY VERSION 315
Page 58
STATISTICAL ANNEX
An
nex
Tabl
e48
.Im
por
tvo
lum
esof
good
san
dse
rvic
es 1 2
htt
p://
dx.d
oi.o
rg/1
0.17
87/8
8893
3438
487
Nat
iona
l acc
ount
s ba
sis,
per
cent
age
chan
ges
from
pre
viou
s pe
riod
Arg
entin
a-1
1.3
-0
.2
-13.
9
-50.
1
37.6
40
.1
15.8
11
.0
19.6
13
.6
-18.
4
35.2
22
.0
-4.7
3.
9
-11.
5
5.6
4.
9
3.1
5.
8
Aus
tralia
8.4
7.
6
-4.6
11
.1
10.9
15
.4
8.8
8.
5
13.1
10
.5
-8.8
15
.3
10.7
6.
3
-1.8
-1
.7
1.5
-0
.2
1.9
3.
8
Aus
tria
4.1
10
.2
5.2
0.
2
3.3
8.
0
5.4
5.
9
5.6
1.
0
-12.
1
11.9
6.
3
1.1
0.
7
1.3
3.
4
3.6
3.
8
3.9
B
elgi
um3.
3
13.5
-1
.0
0.9
1.
5
6.2
6.
5
4.6
5.
7
3.5
-9
.0
9.6
7.
3
1.4
0.
3
5.9
4.
3
3.4
3.
4
3.6
B
razi
l-1
5.2
11
.8
2.7
-1
3.5
-0
.7
9.7
8.
8
17.7
18
.6
16.4
-7
.3
33.9
10
.5
0.3
6.
9
-1.0
-1
4.1
-1
0.3
1.
1
2.5
C
anad
a8.
1
8.5
-4
.9
1.8
4.
2
8.5
7.
3
5.3
5.
8
0.9
-1
2.4
13
.8
5.6
3.
6
1.5
1.
8
0.3
-1
.0
2.2
3.
1
Chi
le-9
.9
9.9
4.
5
2.0
9.
6
18.3
17
.3
11.4
14
.3
11.2
-1
6.2
25
.5
16.0
4.
8
2.1
-5
.7
-2.8
-1
.7
2.1
2.
2
Chi
na23
.1
24.0
9.
2
25.0
32
.5
23.3
12
.8
16.9
13
.7
5.6
4.
0
18.1
16
.0
7.1
11
.0
9.3
3.
9
5.4
2.
2
3.0
C
olom
bia
-24.
2
6.7
8.
7
0.3
8.
2
10.3
11
.9
20.0
14
.0
10.5
-9
.1
10.8
21
.5
9.1
6.
0
7.8
3.
9
-3.0
0.
2
2.8
C
osta
Ric
a-3
.0
-3.7
-0
.3
6.0
4.
7
4.8
7.
1
8.1
9.
9
6.7
-1
8.8
18
.8
11.0
8.
0
1.6
3.
1
5.5
9.
0
6.7
5.
7
Cze
ch R
epub
lic4.
7
14.5
11
.2
4.8
8.
6
26.2
13
.1
11.7
12
.9
3.1
-1
1.0
15
.0
6.7
2.
6
0.2
10
.0
8.3
3.
9
5.1
5.
4
Den
mar
k2.
5
13.7
2.
4
6.4
-1
.0
7.1
11
.3
14.0
5.
8
4.8
-1
1.9
0.
5
7.5
2.
7
1.5
3.
6
1.3
1.
5
2.9
3.
3
Est
onia
-6.1
-5
.3
12.5
13
.4
13.9
15
.7
17.0
20
.9
13.2
-6
.0
-30.
6
20.7
27
.4
9.7
3.
3
2.2
-1
.4
6.6
3.
5
4.1
Fi
nlan
d4.
3
14.9
1.
4
4.3
4.
1
8.1
11
.2
6.7
7.
4
7.9
-1
6.9
6.
5
6.0
1.
6
0.5
-0
.2
1.9
2.
2
3.0
3.
1
Fran
ce6.
6
16.0
2.
3
1.9
1.
0
5.7
6.
4
6.0
5.
8
1.0
-9
.3
8.4
6.
6
0.8
2.
2
4.8
6.
4
2.9
3.
6
3.4
G
erm
any
8.6
11
.3
1.2
-2
.5
5.7
7.
1
6.0
11
.5
6.5
1.
8
-9.6
12
.6
7.1
0.
4
3.2
4.
0
5.0
2.
9
3.0
3.
5
Gre
ece
14.5
22
.6
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4.
0
2.5
13
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14.3
1.
0
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2
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-8
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7.8
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6
3.5
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unga
ry13
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23.1
5.
8
8.7
9.
5
17.3
7.
8
15.5
13
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6.0
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4.7
10
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4.5
10
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2
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6.
1
Icel
and
3.4
7.
8
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0
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10
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28
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3
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4
4.4
6.
8
4.6
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1
9.8
13
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13.8
4.
4
2.6
In
dia1
7.0
4.
5
2.8
12
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13.8
22
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32.6
21
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10.2
22
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15
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21.1
6.
0
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0.
8
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-2
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5.4
6.
3
Indo
nesi
a-4
0.7
25
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4.2
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1.6
26
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17.8
8.
6
9.1
10
.0
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16
.6
15.0
8.
0
1.9
2.
2
-5.8
-4
.0
2.8
4.
1
Irela
nd12
.6
23.6
11
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5.3
-2
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2.2
13
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9.3
8.
9
-2.6
-1
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0.8
3.
0
5.6
0.
5
15.3
21
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3.6
3.
4
3.7
Is
rael
15.5
11
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11
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3.4
3.
4
11.1
2.
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9
15.3
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Ita
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1
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1.
7
0.9
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3
4.1
3.
8
8.2
4.
7
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2.8
12
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1.2
-8
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3.
2
5.8
2.
2
3.0
2.
9
Japa
n3.
3
10.7
0.
9
0.3
3.
9
7.9
4.
2
4.5
2.
3
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-1
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11
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5.
3
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7.
2
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1.6
1.
0
Kor
ea24
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21.8
-3
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15.0
10
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12.3
7.
8
12.4
11
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3.2
-6
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17.3
14
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2.4
1.
7
1.5
3.
2
2.8
2.
7
2.7
La
tvia
-5.2
2.
7
15.6
2.
7
11.9
21
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16.9
21
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17.3
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0.7
-3
1.7
12
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22.0
5.
4
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5
2.1
5.
6
4.9
5.
4
Lith
uani
a-1
4.5
6.
6
19.7
20
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9.6
15
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14
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12
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0
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14
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6.6
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3.7
Lu
xem
bour
g14
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10.6
6.
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3
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8
12.6
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6.
9
5.6
4.
6
5.3
13
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4.
4
4.7
4.
3
Mex
ico
14.2
20
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2.
5
2.5
8.
8
8.5
10
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5.9
3.
7
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1
20.5
8.
1
4.7
3.
4
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5.
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9
4.1
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rland
s9.
8
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2.
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5.
4
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5.
6
2.2
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9.1
3.
5
2.7
1.
1
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5.
8
3.8
3.
7
4.1
N
ew Z
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nd12
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8.
6
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6.
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9.
3
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4.4
10
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6.9
2.
7
6.4
7.
9
3.6
3.
5
5.1
3.
8
Nor
way
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2.
0
1.7
1.
0
1.2
9.
0
7.9
9.
1
10.0
3.
2
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0
8.3
4.
0
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4.
9
2.4
1.
6
1.2
1.
5
2.8
P
olan
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2
13.6
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2.6
9.
6
8.1
6.
3
18.1
15
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9.5
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2.4
14
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10
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6.3
5.
9
Por
tuga
l9.
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5.5
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1
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-0
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7.6
2.
2
7.5
5.
4
2.5
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7.8
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4.
7
7.8
8.
2
3.6
3.
6
3.6
R
ussi
a-1
7.0
32
.4
18.7
14
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17.3
23
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16.6
21
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26.2
14
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-30.
4
25.8
20
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9.7
3.
6
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5.7
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2.6
2.
7
Slo
vak
Rep
ublic
-3.6
6.
6
18.9
5.
8
8.0
21
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15.3
19
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9.4
3.
6
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8
14.7
9.
6
2.5
5.
6
4.4
8.
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4.1
5.
9
6.5
S
love
nia
8.4
6.
6
3.6
5.
6
6.5
14
.0
7.3
12
.4
16.8
3.
8
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8
6.8
5.
0
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2.
1
4.2
4.
6
6.1
4.
3
4.4
S
outh
Afri
ca-8
.4
5.3
0.
2
5.3
8.
1
15.5
10
.9
18.3
9.
4
2.8
-1
7.7
10
.8
11.9
4.
2
5.0
-0
.5
5.3
-2
.4
4.3
4.
4
Spa
in13
.9
9.5
3.
5
3.6
5.
9
10.1
7.
0
8.2
8.
6
-5.6
-1
8.3
6.
9
-0.8
-6
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6.
5
5.6
5.
9
5.0
4.
7
Sw
eden
4.7
12
.0
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-1
.3
4.0
5.
7
6.9
8.
7
7.9
3.
5
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0
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7.
4
1.1
-0
.2
6.5
5.
0
4.5
3.
5
3.5
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witz
erla
nd3.
3
8.2
0.
9
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0.
4
3.5
10
.0
3.4
5.
8
4.8
-3
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7.9
9.
4
-2.5
13
.5
-7.9
4.
3
4.0
4.
5
4.2
Tu
rkey
-3.7
21
.8
-24.
8
20.9
23
.5
20.8
12
.2
6.9
10
.7
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-1
4.3
20
.7
10.7
-0
.4
9.0
-0
.3
0.2
5.
7
4.7
5.
5
Uni
ted
Kin
gdom
7.4
9.
6
4.7
5.
5
2.7
6.
6
6.6
10
.1
-1.2
-1
.9
-9.2
8.
2
0.8
2.
9
3.4
2.
5
5.4
2.
4
1.5
1.
5
Uni
ted
Sta
tes
10.1
13
.0
-2.8
3.
7
4.5
11
.4
6.3
6.
3
2.5
-2
.6
-13.
7
12.7
5.
5
2.2
1.
1
4.4
4.
6
0.9
4.
4
5.4
To
tal O
EC
D7.
8
12.3
0.
1
2.5
4.
1
8.7
6.
7
8.0
5.
5
0.5
-1
1.9
11
.4
5.8
1.
3
2.1
4.
1
4.5
2.
4
3.5
3.
8
Not
e: R
egio
nal a
ggre
gate
s ar
e ca
lcul
ated
incl
usiv
e of
intra
-regi
onal
trad
e as
the
sum
of v
olum
es e
xpre
ssed
in 2
010
US
D.
1. F
isca
l yea
r.
Sou
rce:
OE
CD
Eco
nom
ic O
utlo
ok 1
00 d
atab
ase.
2018
2011
2012
2013
2014
2017
2016
2004
2005
2006
2015
2007
2008
2009
2010
2003
1999
2000
2001
2002
OECD ECONOMIC OUTLOOK, VOLUME 2016 ISSUE 2 © OECD 2016 – PRELIMINARY VERSION316
Page 59
STATISTICAL ANNEX
An
nex
Tabl
e49
.Ex
por
tp
rice
sof
good
san
dse
rvic
es
1 2
htt
p://
dx.d
oi.o
rg/1
0.17
87/8
8893
3438
497
Nat
iona
l acc
ount
s ba
sis,
per
cent
age
chan
ges
from
pre
viou
s pe
riod,
nat
iona
l cur
renc
y te
rms
Arg
entin
a-9
.4
9.1
-3
.0
176.
6
3.7
9.
2
3.7
15
.3
14.0
23
.8
6.2
13
.2
22.7
11
.1
18.4
44
.9
-1.8
46
.3
6.2
5.
0
Aus
tralia
-4.7
12
.4
5.9
-2
.2
-5.4
4.
1
11.9
12
.6
1.0
22
.2
-12.
2
8.2
11
.1
-9.6
-0
.2
-3.9
-8
.6
-8.4
1.
0
1.6
A
ustri
a0.
1
1.7
0.
5
0.1
0.
0
1.1
2.
0
2.4
1.
9
2.4
-2
.6
2.7
4.
0
1.3
0.
0
-0.2
-0
.6
-0.3
1.
4
1.1
B
elgi
um0.
0
5.8
1.
4
-1.1
-1
.3
2.1
3.
7
2.6
2.
2
3.9
-5
.4
4.6
3.
9
1.3
-0
.3
-1.0
-2
.1
-1.9
0.
6
0.7
B
razi
l39
.8
3.8
22
.3
22.2
10
.7
9.4
-8
.0
-0.1
-1
.0
16.3
-6
.0
3.4
14
.4
12.7
7.
0
3.6
14
.1
3.4
0.
1
1.8
C
anad
a1.
1
6.3
1.
3
-1.8
-1
.6
2.1
2.
8
0.2
0.
8
10.6
-9
.7
1.7
6.
9
-0.8
1.
2
3.5
-3
.2
-2.4
1.
7
1.6
C
hile
7.9
10
.9
6.5
5.
8
11.0
13
.2
12.0
23
.5
5.9
-4
.1
-3.6
15
.2
3.6
-4
.2
-3.1
10
.1
-2.4
1.
5
2.1
3.
0
Chi
na-5
.5
-0.7
1.
4
-3.3
5.
1
9.0
2.
0
-0.3
0.
6
-0.9
-7
.8
1.7
4.
9
-0.5
-3
.3
0.6
0.
2
-3.2
1.
9
2.0
C
olom
bia
24.7
23
.7
1.8
7.
1
15.7
4.
1
5.0
8.
8
-1.5
14
.7
-2.5
6.
0
19.7
-1
.5
-2.2
-1
.8
-1.9
-1
.1
6.1
4.
2
Cos
ta R
ica
5.6
10
.5
5.4
7.
3
13.2
11
.7
13.6
12
.2
4.0
9.
1
6.1
-2
.4
0.4
1.
7
0.5
8.
0
-0.4
-0
.3
1.4
2.
0
Cze
ch R
epub
lic1.
0
3.8
0.
3
-4.7
0.
1
2.7
-2
.2
-1.3
0.
3
-4.2
0.
5
-1.2
0.
7
3.1
1.
7
4.1
-1
.5
-3.9
1.
4
1.3
D
enm
ark
-0.5
8.
2
1.6
-1
.2
-1.1
2.
0
5.5
2.
8
1.2
5.
0
-8.4
9.
5
1.3
2.
9
0.6
-1
.7
2.0
-4
.7
0.5
1.
5
Est
onia
-0.2
8.
3
5.9
3.
1
0.0
1.
2
4.4
5.
6
6.3
6.
6
-2.2
3.
1
5.4
2.
2
1.2
-0
.3
-1.4
-0
.4
1.6
2.
1
Finl
and
-5.0
3.
5
-1.3
-2
.5
-1.4
-0
.4
1.2
2.
3
1.0
-0
.2
-5.9
3.
8
4.5
1.
1
-1.1
-0
.3
-0.9
-2
.6
1.3
1.
2
Fran
ce-1
.6
2.6
-0
.3
-1.5
-1
.7
0.5
1.
8
2.1
1.
9
3.2
-3
.8
2.3
2.
9
1.4
-0
.2
-0.9
-0
.4
-1.2
1.
1
1.4
G
erm
any
-0.7
2.
7
0.7
-0
.6
-1.3
-0
.2
1.1
1.
1
0.3
1.
0
-2.6
2.
3
2.6
1.
8
-0.6
-0
.2
1.1
-1
.1
0.8
1.
2
Gre
ece
1.8
6.
1
4.0
1.
9
2.0
2.
0
2.0
3.
3
2.9
3.
8
-1.9
5.
9
5.5
2.
7
-1.6
-2
.0
-4.9
-5
.0
0.5
1.
7
Hun
gary
4.8
10
.0
3.0
-4
.1
0.1
-1
.0
-0.5
6.
4
-3.9
0.
8
2.9
1.
8
3.4
3.
1
0.0
1.
0
-0.3
-0
.4
1.4
2.
3
Icel
and
0.4
4.
1
21.8
-1
.2
-6.4
1.
7
-4.4
21
.4
-0.9
36
.1
14.3
8.
8
7.0
1.
6
-3.1
-1
.2
1.9
-8
.4
-2.7
1.
1
Indi
a1-2
.9
3.4
0.
3
1.0
6.
9
7.1
-0
.6
5.8
6.
3
13.7
2.
7
9.9
8.
9
6.5
8.
6
-1.4
-0
.2
2.0
2.
2
3.3
In
done
sia
13.1
9.
9
12.1
-6
.2
-2.7
6.
2
9.6
0.
2
3.4
15
.8
-5.8
1.
9
7.7
1.
1
3.5
8.
3
-0.6
-2
.3
1.4
1.
9
Irela
nd2.
4
5.3
-0
.4
-0.6
-2
.6
0.3
2.
1
1.7
0.
1
3.1
-4
.1
3.0
-0
.3
3.4
-1
.2
0.5
7.
4
-2.6
2.
9
3.6
Is
rael
9.7
-1
.8
0.9
11
.9
-1.9
0.
9
4.5
1.
9
-3.8
-5
.2
2.6
-2
.3
0.6
8.
1
-4.9
-0
.9
4.8
0.
4
2.8
1.
6
Italy
0.4
4.
3
2.4
1.
4
-0.1
1.
1
1.9
2.
2
2.4
2.
9
-2.0
2.
3
4.0
1.
9
-0.3
-0
.2
-0.4
-0
.8
1.3
1.
8
Japa
n-8
.6
-4.1
2.
4
-1.4
-3
.7
-1.4
2.
0
3.3
2.
2
-3.9
-1
1.1
-1
.6
-2.2
-2
.0
9.5
2.
8
0.6
-8
.6
-1.0
1.
2
Kor
ea-1
9.2
-2
.0
3.7
-7
.7
-0.9
4.
9
-6.4
-5
.4
1.1
25
.6
-0.4
1.
3
3.2
-0
.6
-4.8
-4
.9
-5.0
-4
.3
0.6
2.
2
Latv
ia-0
.6
0.5
3.
1
3.0
8.
0
10.0
10
.1
8.3
11
.7
8.3
-4
.4
5.8
8.
8
4.1
1.
3
-1.5
-0
.5
-1.9
1.
4
2.0
Li
thua
nia
-0.3
9.
6
-2.2
-4
.2
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7
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4
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7
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7
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ew Z
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6
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0
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7
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2
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11
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8
3.8
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1
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gal
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5
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1
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7
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4
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7
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3
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7
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2
Rus
sia
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3
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4
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11.2
3.
9
28.1
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16
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24.8
7.
2
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12
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6.
7
4.4
3.
2
Slo
vak
Rep
ublic
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17
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4.9
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0
1.5
1.
8
1.6
2.
1
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1.
4
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3.
0
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1.
2
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0.8
1.
5
Slo
veni
a2.
2
10.5
8.
0
4.5
2.
8
3.0
2.
8
2.7
2.
5
1.4
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2.2
4.
2
1.0
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7
0.9
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outh
Afri
ca6.
9
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16
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-8
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2.6
6.
2
15.6
13
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26.4
0.
0
4.3
13
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4.2
9.
1
5.3
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7.5
4.
0
4.6
S
pain
0.1
6.
7
1.7
0.
4
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1.
8
4.0
4.
1
2.4
2.
6
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3.
0
4.5
2.
0
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2.
6
Sw
eden
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2.
3
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2.6
3.
1
2.0
4.
0
1.3
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2.
0
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1.5
1.
9
Sw
itzer
land
0.1
3.
3
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-2
.0
0.4
0.
7
1.8
4.
9
3.9
2.
5
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2.
3
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2.
2
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0.
0
1.0
0.
9
Turk
ey52
.0
42.0
89
.4
25.4
10
.7
13.3
-0
.2
13.7
2.
1
17.5
2.
9
1.5
23
.8
2.9
8.
1
12.9
13
.0
4.2
1.
9
1.0
U
nite
d K
ingd
om0.
6
1.6
1.
0
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1.
9
-0.6
3.
1
1.5
-0
.8
9.4
3.
8
5.4
5.
7
-0.2
2.
6
-2.6
-4
.8
3.0
9.
5
6.3
U
nite
d S
tate
s1.
4
1.8
-0
.6
-0.6
2.
0
3.5
4.
3
3.4
3.
2
4.7
-5
.5
4.3
6.
4
0.9
0.
1
0.1
-4
.8
-1.8
1.
9
1.9
To
tal O
EC
D0.
6
4.4
2.
5
-0.4
0.
4
2.3
2.
4
3.1
1.
8
5.0
-3
.0
2.9
4.
5
1.2
0.
1
0.0
-1
.0
-1.4
1.
9
2.1
Not
e: R
egio
nal a
ggre
gate
s ar
e ca
lcul
ated
incl
usiv
e of
intra
-regi
onal
trad
e. T
hey
are
calc
ulat
ed a
s th
e ge
omet
ric a
vera
ges
of p
rices
wei
ghte
d by
201
0 G
DP
vol
umes
exp
ress
ed in
US
D.
1. F
isca
l yea
r.
Sou
rce:
OE
CD
Eco
nom
ic O
utlo
ok 1
00 d
atab
ase.
2018
2011
2012
2013
2014
2017
2016
2004
2005
2006
2015
2007
2008
2009
2010
2003
1999
2000
2001
2002
OECD ECONOMIC OUTLOOK, VOLUME 2016 ISSUE 2 © OECD 2016 – PRELIMINARY VERSION 317
Page 60
STATISTICAL ANNEX
An
nex
Tabl
e50
.Im
por
tp
rice
sof
good
san
dse
rvic
es
1 2
htt
p://
dx.d
oi.o
rg/1
0.17
87/8
8893
3438
503
Nat
iona
l acc
ount
s ba
sis,
per
cent
age
chan
ges
from
pre
viou
s pe
riod,
nat
iona
l cur
renc
y te
rms
Arg
entin
a-4
.5
1.1
-3
.0
203.
2
-3.8
6.
1
6.6
11
.3
10.0
13
.2
5.2
9.
0
12.3
8.
4
25.8
47
.0
2.5
42
.8
8.6
10
.0
Aus
tralia
-4.3
7.
6
5.8
-4
.1
-8.5
-5
.0
0.6
4.
2
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7.
4
-2.4
-7
.5
-1.3
0.
9
3.6
4.
0
3.3
-3
.5
0.7
2.
0
Aus
tria
0.6
2.
7
0.3
-0
.6
-0.8
1.
7
2.8
3.
6
2.3
3.
8
-4.7
4.
6
5.8
1.
8
-0.1
-0
.7
-1.8
-1
.3
1.2
0.
9
Bel
gium
0.9
7.
6
1.3
-1
.8
-1.0
3.
0
4.4
3.
3
2.0
6.
6
-8.3
6.
3
5.1
1.
5
-0.5
-1
.4
-3.1
-2
.2
0.5
0.
8
Bra
zil
55.3
7.
6
24.9
20
.3
12.5
5.
3
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-7
.1
-2.4
12
.6
-5.2
-8
.8
5.9
17
.1
10.5
7.
7
24.3
5.
3
-0.1
1.
8
Can
ada
-0.3
2.
0
2.5
0.
5
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-2
.2
-0.7
-0
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6.
0
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.4
3.4
0.
7
1.3
4.
9
4.1
0.
3
0.6
1.
6
Chi
le4.
2
8.2
9.
7
3.9
3.
4
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1.
4
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4.
0
15.5
-8
.2
-1.9
3.
8
0.4
-0
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12.1
2.
2
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1.
7
2.3
C
hina
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7.
6
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-3
.0
5.2
9.
5
2.3
0.
4
1.7
4.
6
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1
12.5
8.
9
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-4
.2
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1.2
-4
.1
1.5
1.
0
Col
ombi
a23
.6
19.6
10
.1
6.2
12
.7
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-2
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2.8
-5
.1
3.2
4.
2
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5.
1
-1.2
1.
4
4.9
15
.5
4.4
4.
8
2.1
C
osta
Ric
a11
.5
14.7
5.
2
9.2
14
.3
14.0
16
.8
14.1
7.
2
13.3
-1
.0
-6.6
2.
7
-0.5
-0
.2
7.5
-6
.4
-3.6
3.
5
3.4
C
zech
Rep
ublic
1.8
7.
0
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-8
.0
0.0
1.
6
0.0
0.
7
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-3
.0
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0.
7
2.3
3.
7
0.5
2.
5
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-4
.7
1.9
0.
8
Den
mar
k-0
.2
7.5
1.
7
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-1
.9
1.1
3.
6
3.5
1.
7
3.1
-8
.6
6.9
3.
3
2.4
-0
.5
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1.
8
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0.
3
0.9
E
ston
ia0.
3
5.4
1.
4
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-1
.6
1.0
1.
8
3.2
4.
0
6.2
-2
.6
5.7
4.
6
2.5
-0
.3
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-1
.8
-1.4
1.
5
2.0
Fi
nlan
d-2
.0
7.4
-2
.9
-2.7
0.
0
1.8
4.
7
5.6
1.
1
1.7
-7
.1
6.0
6.
1
2.1
-1
.7
-1.6
-3
.8
-2.3
1.
5
1.6
Fr
ance
-1.9
5.
3
-0.5
-3
.1
-1.6
1.
4
3.2
3.
6
0.7
3.
8
-6.2
3.
7
5.4
1.
7
-1.4
-2
.0
-3.0
-2
.5
1.3
1.
4
Ger
man
y-1
.5
7.3
0.
6
-2.6
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.5
-0.4
3.
0
2.8
0.
1
2.8
-6
.9
4.8
5.
5
2.0
-1
.6
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-1
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0.
8
0.9
G
reec
e1.
1
8.3
2.
9
0.9
-0
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2.1
3.
3
3.4
2.
0
5.5
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5.3
6.
1
4.2
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.8
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-8
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0.
4
0.8
H
unga
ry5.
4
12.3
2.
4
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0.
4
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1.
3
7.8
-4
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2.0
1.
6
1.7
4.
9
4.1
-0
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0.3
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.0
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1.
5
2.3
Ic
elan
d1.
1
6.9
21
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-2
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3.2
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17.7
2.
8
45.7
23
.9
4.1
10
.0
4.8
-1
.2
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-9.5
-1
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1.1
In
dia1
9.9
7.
2
1.7
8.
7
1.0
17
.1
-1.9
5.
3
6.2
8.
0
4.1
7.
9
9.6
8.
1
11.8
0.
5
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1.
3
2.3
3.
0
Indo
nesi
a23
.1
11.4
14
.8
-0.8
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7.2
11
.5
-5.1
7.
5
28.9
-7
.7
3.8
5.
6
6.7
7.
6
7.0
-1
.0
-2.8
2.
4
4.6
Ire
land
2.4
4.
8
-1.1
-2
.7
-1.6
5.
5
0.7
2.
7
-0.3
1.
7
-2.3
6.
0
-2.4
2.
7
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2.
1
4.7
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1.2
3.
2
Isra
el7.
4
0.8
1.
8
12.1
0.
5
3.7
6.
7
3.2
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0.0
4.
2
5.1
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1.
6
1.7
Ita
ly0.
8
10.8
1.
2
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2.0
5.
3
5.4
1.
3
5.1
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6.6
6.
8
3.5
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0.
8
1.6
Ja
pan
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0.
2
2.3
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3.
0
10.1
11
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6.5
6.
2
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5
4.5
5.
8
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11
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3.9
-7
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4
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1.
2
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ea-1
7.1
6.
8
6.4
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0.7
8.
0
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1.2
34
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1.
1
8.1
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1
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1.
7
2.0
La
tvia
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6.
4
1.7
5.
7
5.9
7.
3
11.1
9.
0
6.7
10
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5.
7
5.6
7.
1
0.7
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1.7
2.
0
Lith
uani
a-4
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4.1
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7.
5
8.2
4.
9
8.6
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0.7
9.
9
12.7
4.
2
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Luxe
mbo
urg
3.0
12
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6.
1
7.6
6.
3
7.5
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8.
6
4.1
4.
4
2.9
3.
1
4.5
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2.4
2.
6
Mex
ico
4.9
1.
1
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2.
8
11.1
10
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0.2
4.
0
4.0
6.
7
13.4
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6.0
6.
8
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3.
3
12.1
9.
2
6.6
5.
5
Net
herla
nds
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5.
9
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1.
6
3.0
2.
9
1.8
4.
6
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6.
5
6.5
2.
7
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1.
4
New
Zea
land
0.3
15
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2.2
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4
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7
9.9
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6
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8
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9
0.9
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4
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5
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9
4.2
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0.8
3.
3
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1.
6
4.9
4.
2
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3
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P
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9
9.3
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2
5.5
6.
7
4.6
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8.
0
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8.
5
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9
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8.
4
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2.
1
2.9
3.
8
1.4
5.
1
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4.
7
7.1
1.
1
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0.7
1.
1
Rus
sia
135.
6
5.1
3.
9
6.6
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6
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5.
6
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0.
4
10.8
25
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3.
3
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4.
4
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41
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3
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lova
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6
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6.
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9
2.1
1.
7
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6
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3.6
5.
3
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0.
7
1.4
S
love
nia
1.9
14
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6.2
2.
5
2.1
4.
2
5.0
3.
3
1.5
2.
7
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6.
5
5.7
2.
1
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1.0
0.
6
Sou
th A
frica
11.0
17
.9
15.5
21
.6
-11.
7
0.7
4.
4
10.2
10
.0
25.1
-5
.1
-1.6
6.
5
8.6
10
.6
7.1
-3
.6
8.7
4.
4
6.0
S
pain
0.0
10
.8
-0.1
-2
.4
-1.7
2.
2
3.1
3.
9
1.7
5.
1
-7.4
5.
5
8.5
4.
0
-1.8
-0
.8
-0.3
-2
.5
2.5
2.
8
Sw
eden
1.1
4.
1
4.0
0.
1
-2.1
0.
8
4.5
3.
4
0.5
4.
4
0.4
-0
.2
-0.2
-1
.1
-2.8
1.
8
1.0
-3
.6
1.3
1.
5
Sw
itzer
land
-0.4
5.
5
0.0
-5
.0
-1.1
1.
9
3.5
6.
2
4.9
3.
6
-2.7
2.
5
0.0
2.
8
-5.1
-3
.0
-7.4
2.
4
1.0
0.
9
Turk
ey47
.9
56.7
93
.4
22.1
7.
1
10.8
0.
2
19.0
0.
1
21.3
0.
8
4.7
30
.2
5.6
3.
8
11.7
7.
0
-1.2
2.
1
0.8
U
nite
d K
ingd
om-0
.6
2.4
0.
0
-2.5
0.
6
-1.0
3.
8
2.4
-0
.1
13.1
2.
1
4.0
6.
7
-0.5
0.
4
-4.0
-5
.2
3.8
10
.8
8.0
U
nite
d S
tate
s1.
6
4.4
-2
.5
-1.2
3.
4
4.7
6.
0
4.1
3.
4
10.5
-1
0.4
5.
8
7.7
0.
6
-0.9
-0
.2
-7.6
-3
.0
2.1
2.
0
Tota
l OE
CD
0.5
6.
4
2.1
-1
.3
0.3
2.
6
3.4
4.
1
1.7
8.
0
-5.6
3.
6
6.6
1.
9
-0.6
-0
.1
-2.8
-2
.5
2.1
2.
2
Not
e: R
egio
nal a
ggre
gate
s ar
e ca
lcul
ated
incl
usiv
e of
intra
-regi
onal
trad
e. T
hey
are
calc
ulat
ed a
s th
e ge
omet
ric a
vera
ges
of p
rices
wei
ghte
d by
201
0 G
DP
vol
umes
exp
ress
ed in
US
D.
1. F
isca
l yea
r.
Sou
rce:
OE
CD
Eco
nom
ic O
utlo
ok 1
00 d
atab
ase.
2018
2011
2012
2013
2014
2017
2016
2004
2005
2006
2015
2007
2008
2009
2010
2003
1999
2000
2001
2002
OECD ECONOMIC OUTLOOK, VOLUME 2016 ISSUE 2 © OECD 2016 – PRELIMINARY VERSION318
Page 61
STATISTICAL ANNEX
An
nex
Tabl
e51
.In
dic
ator
sof
com
pet
itiv
enes
sba
sed
onre
lati
veco
nsu
mer
pri
ces
1 2
htt
p://
dx.d
oi.o
rg/1
0.17
87/8
8893
3438
513
Indi
ces,
201
0 =
100
Arg
entin
a25
6.0
25
6.7
26
9.1
11
4.1
12
2.3
11
7.1
11
6.8
11
4.7
11
1.9
10
9.2
10
2.6
10
0.0
95
.6
98.5
90
.2
78.1
96
.6
85.2
11
1.5
14
0.8
A
ustra
lia71
.3
67.9
65
.6
69.4
78
.4
84.9
87
.4
87.2
92
.7
90.8
88
.2
100.
0
106.
9
108.
4
103.
7
99.0
89
.8
89.9
92
.7
92.6
A
ustri
a10
1.2
98
.1
98.3
99
.0
102.
3
103.
4
102.
5
101.
7
102.
1
102.
2
103.
0
100.
0
100.
4
98.8
10
0.8
10
2.6
10
0.4
10
1.8
10
2.0
10
2.1
B
elgi
um95
.8
91.7
92
.5
94.1
99
.0
100.
9
100.
6
100.
1
100.
9
103.
5
103.
6
100.
0
100.
9
98.7
10
0.2
10
0.6
96
.7
99.5
98
.8
98.3
B
razi
l63
.9
69.4
58
.8
55.8
53
.7
55.9
69
.3
77.6
83
.6
87.9
87
.9
100.
0
104.
7
94.8
89
.9
88.3
73
.4
76.7
80
.7
82.6
C
anad
a75
.2
76.0
74
.4
73.8
81
.6
85.7
90
.8
95.8
98
.7
96.0
92
.0
100.
0
101.
5
101.
1
97.6
92
.0
84.5
82
.8
82.2
81
.9
Chi
le95
.3
94.3
85
.6
87.9
82
.0
87.6
93
.1
97.5
95
.9
97.3
94
.8
100.
0
101.
1
103.
7
103.
1
94.1
92
.5
93.5
96
.0
96.3
C
hina
92.2
92
.7
97.7
95
.7
89.3
86
.7
85.6
87
.0
90.1
97
.9
102.
0
100.
0
102.
3
108.
1
114.
7
117.
5
128.
0
123.
0
120.
1
120.
2
Col
ombi
a83
.1
76.1
75
.2
73.7
63
.4
69.1
78
.0
77.0
86
.3
91.6
90
.4
100.
0
99.8
10
6.0
10
2.4
98
.7
81.4
78
.8
79.0
79
.4
Cos
ta R
ica
88.3
90
.9
94.8
93
.0
86.2
83
.3
83.1
83
.5
84.6
88
.0
90.1
10
0.0
10
2.4
10
6.6
11
1.3
10
8.4
11
7.2
11
5.5
11
3.7
11
3.1
C
zech
Rep
ublic
66.8
67
.4
71.6
79
.8
78.2
79
.1
83.4
87
.6
89.9
10
2.9
99
.0
100.
0
102.
0
98.8
96
.6
91.5
90
.5
92.6
92
.3
92.1
D
enm
ark
95.6
91
.6
92.8
95
.0
100.
1
100.
9
99.7
99
.4
99.9
10
1.4
10
4.4
10
0.0
99
.4
96.7
97
.7
98.9
95
.9
97.3
96
.8
96.4
E
ston
ia86
.2
82.8
84
.4
86.5
89
.7
91.2
91
.5
92.3
95
.8
101.
7
103.
3
100.
0
101.
2
100.
1
102.
9
104.
8
104.
5
105.
6
104.
8
105.
0
Finl
and
106.
1
100.
9
101.
7
103.
1
107.
8
107.
5
104.
2
102.
6
103.
6
105.
1
106.
7
100.
0
99.6
96
.9
98.6
10
1.4
99
.3
100.
5
99.0
97
.3
Fran
ce10
1.3
96
.0
95.8
97
.6
103.
0
104.
7
103.
3
102.
7
103.
1
103.
8
104.
0
100.
0
99.3
96
.3
97.4
97
.8
93.6
94
.4
93.0
91
.8
Ger
man
y10
5.8
99
.2
99.1
10
0.3
10
5.2
10
6.7
10
4.5
10
3.5
10
4.8
10
4.8
10
5.7
10
0.0
99
.0
95.7
97
.8
99.0
94
.6
95.9
95
.1
94.4
G
reec
e90
.9
84.7
85
.3
88.0
93
.5
95.7
95
.9
96.6
98
.0
99.8
10
1.4
10
0.0
10
0.7
96
.8
95.9
95
.5
90.8
91
.0
90.0
88
.9
Hun
gary
73.1
73
.4
79.1
87
.3
89.5
95
.3
96.9
92
.1
102.
5
105.
2
99.2
10
0.0
99
.8
96.8
96
.0
92.5
89
.2
89.8
90
.0
90.3
Ic
elan
d12
9.2
13
3.5
11
7.6
12
5.4
13
2.1
13
5.6
15
3.3
14
3.1
14
8.7
11
6.4
95
.0
100.
0
101.
0
101.
5
105.
4
113.
1
117.
9
132.
2
145.
7
147.
9
Indi
a86
.0
88.0
88
.7
88.5
87
.0
86.0
88
.1
87.2
93
.5
88.9
90
.2
100.
0
99.1
94
.3
93.3
95
.5
103.
1
103.
9
107.
3
109.
6
Indo
nesi
a71
.6
69.7
66
.7
81.0
86
.9
82.9
81
.6
94.7
94
.2
90.4
89
.5
100.
0
99.8
96
.1
92.0
85
.7
86.4
89
.2
91.4
92
.7
Irela
nd84
.5
81.8
84
.7
89.4
98
.1
100.
7
100.
3
102.
0
107.
0
112.
0
107.
8
100.
0
100.
2
95.7
97
.2
96.8
90
.0
91.4
90
.9
90.9
Is
rael
107.
4
114.
5
113.
6
102.
9
96.8
90
.2
87.7
87
.2
87.7
97
.7
95.5
10
0.0
10
1.1
96
.2
102.
3
103.
7
103.
5
104.
9
105.
3
103.
9
Italy
97.4
93
.1
94.0
96
.5
102.
4
104.
3
102.
8
102.
3
102.
8
103.
6
104.
9
100.
0
99.8
97
.9
99.5
10
0.1
96
.0
96.7
94
.9
93.8
Ja
pan
118.
2
125.
1
112.
3
104.
9
105.
5
106.
8
100.
4
90.7
83
.1
89.7
10
0.5
10
0.0
10
1.2
99
.9
80.2
76
.0
71.3
80
.7
81.2
79
.9
Kor
ea99
.7
108.
2
101.
8
106.
8
108.
1
109.
7
122.
6
130.
9
129.
0
104.
9
93.1
10
0.0
10
0.0
99
.7
103.
7
109.
9
110.
7
109.
0
109.
1
108.
3
Latv
ia94
.7
99.1
95
.5
92.3
87
.8
88.3
86
.0
88.3
93
.9
103.
0
109.
6
100.
0
100.
6
99.0
98
.0
101.
5
103.
7
105.
3
103.
1
101.
9
Lith
uani
a86
.0
91.6
90
.1
92.5
94
.5
93.9
91
.1
90.5
93
.1
98.8
10
6.0
10
0.0
10
0.7
98
.5
99.6
10
1.8
10
0.4
10
2.6
10
1.4
10
1.4
Lu
xem
bour
g94
.2
92.1
92
.9
94.3
98
.0
99.4
99
.1
99.7
10
0.6
10
1.6
10
2.3
10
0.0
10
0.5
99
.0
100.
4
100.
8
98.1
98
.5
98.3
98
.0
Mex
ico
105.
8
115.
1
123.
1
123.
4
109.
7
105.
0
108.
9
108.
8
107.
6
105.
5
92.8
10
0.0
10
0.1
97
.3
102.
7
101.
8
91.4
79
.4
73.0
73
.9
Net
herla
nds
97.5
92
.9
95.5
98
.6
104.
2
105.
1
103.
5
102.
1
102.
5
103.
0
104.
8
100.
0
99.4
96
.9
99.8
10
1.0
97
.6
98.8
97
.9
97.4
N
ew Z
eala
nd83
.9
75.9
74
.9
82.3
94
.2
101.
2
106.
6
99.0
10
5.9
98
.9
92.6
10
0.0
10
3.8
10
6.6
10
9.4
11
3.1
10
4.3
10
4.6
10
6.4
10
5.1
N
orw
ay90
.0
88.4
91
.2
98.8
98
.2
94.0
97
.3
96.8
96
.8
97.5
95
.5
100.
0
100.
7
100.
3
98.6
93
.8
86.2
87
.0
90.4
90
.3
Pol
and
85.2
93
.0
104.
1
99.6
88
.9
88.0
97
.8
99.4
10
2.6
11
1.7
94
.8
100.
0
98.2
95
.7
96.0
97
.0
94.3
90
.6
90.1
89
.7
Por
tuga
l95
.3
92.9
95
.2
97.9
10
2.1
10
3.2
10
2.3
10
2.8
10
3.5
10
3.6
10
2.9
10
0.0
10
0.8
99
.5
99.6
99
.3
96.7
98
.0
97.5
96
.8
Rus
sia
48.5
54
.4
64.6
66
.3
67.2
72
.5
80.4
88
.7
93.0
99
.3
91.1
10
0.0
10
4.0
10
5.9
10
7.5
97
.1
78.9
76
.7
82.2
84
.8
Slo
vak
Rep
ublic
54.8
59
.6
60.0
61
.2
69.5
76
.1
77.7
81
.6
90.0
97
.5
104.
7
100.
0
100.
9
100.
4
101.
8
102.
5
99.8
10
0.0
98
.7
98.1
S
love
nia
96.6
94
.0
93.8
95
.7
99.3
99
.4
98.4
98
.4
99.9
10
2.2
10
3.7
10
0.0
99
.0
97.2
98
.8
99.5
96
.1
96.6
95
.6
94.7
S
outh
Afri
ca99
.9
97.1
85
.5
74.1
97
.0
103.
8
104.
0
98.5
91
.6
80.0
87
.3
100.
0
98.1
92
.3
81.8
77
.0
74.8
69
.1
74.2
76
.4
Spa
in88
.8
86.5
88
.3
91.0
95
.8
98.0
98
.5
99.8
10
1.3
10
3.4
10
3.4
10
0.0
10
0.5
98
.2
99.9
99
.8
95.2
95
.8
95.4
94
.2
Sw
eden
113.
0
110.
6
101.
3
104.
1
110.
8
111.
3
106.
4
105.
6
106.
8
104.
3
94.4
10
0.0
10
5.8
10
5.3
10
6.4
10
1.3
95
.3
95.7
91
.4
91.3
S
witz
erla
nd95
.7
92.8
94
.8
98.5
99
.0
98.0
95
.9
93.1
88
.8
92.3
96
.3
100.
0
109.
7
105.
6
103.
7
104.
8
111.
7
110.
7
110.
7
108.
6
Turk
ey74
.7
82.9
67
.4
73.7
78
.2
80.9
89
.6
88.7
96
.0
97.0
91
.3
100.
0
88.4
91
.7
90.3
86
.1
85.7
84
.4
81.0
84
.6
Uni
ted
Kin
gdom
129.
6
130.
4
127.
0
127.
4
121.
6
126.
2
123.
8
124.
4
125.
9
109.
6
99.4
10
0.0
10
0.6
10
4.9
10
3.6
11
1.3
11
7.7
10
5.2
99
.7
100.
4
Uni
ted
Sta
tes
113.
3
117.
4
124.
0
124.
0
116.
7
111.
7
109.
9
109.
1
104.
2
100.
3
104.
8
100.
0
95.3
97
.7
97.8
10
0.1
11
1.2
11
5.3
11
8.1
11
7.7
E
uro
area
98.4
88
.5
89.8
93
.6
104.
5
107.
8
105.
0
103.
9
105.
8
107.
7
109.
6
100.
0
99.2
94
.3
97.3
98
.7
91.8
93
.8
92.1
90
.6
Not
e:
Sou
rce:
OE
CD
Eco
nom
ic O
utlo
ok 1
00 d
atab
ase.
Com
petit
iven
ess-
wei
ghte
dre
lativ
eco
nsum
erpr
ices
indo
llart
erm
s.C
ompe
titiv
enes
sw
eigh
tsta
kein
toac
coun
tthe
stru
ctur
eof
com
petit
ion
inbo
thex
port
and
impo
rtm
arke
tsof
the
good
sse
ctor
of53
coun
tries
.An
incr
ease
inth
ein
dex
indi
cate
sa
real
effe
ctiv
eap
prec
iatio
nan
da
corre
spon
ding
dete
riora
tion
ofth
eco
mpe
titiv
epo
sitio
n.Fo
rdet
ails
onth
em
etho
dof
calc
ulat
ion,
see
Sou
rces
&M
etho
dsof
the
OE
CD
Eco
nom
icO
utlo
ok(h
ttp://
ww
w.o
ecd.
org/
eco/
sour
ces-
and-
met
hods
.htm
).
2012
2013
2014
2015
2002
2001
2008
2009
2000
1999
2003
2004
2017
2007
2018
2006
2016
2005
2010
2011
OECD ECONOMIC OUTLOOK, VOLUME 2016 ISSUE 2 © OECD 2016 – PRELIMINARY VERSION 319
Page 62
STATISTICAL ANNEX
An
nex
Tabl
e52
.In
dic
ator
sof
com
pet
itiv
enes
sba
sed
onre
lati
veu
nit
labo
ur
cost
s
1 2
htt
p://
dx.d
oi.o
rg/1
0.17
87/8
8893
3438
522
Indi
ces,
201
0 =
100
Arg
entin
a16
7.5
16
2.1
16
8.5
58
.0
64.6
74
.0
79.4
84
.4
88.7
94
.4
90.0
10
0.0
10
3.7
12
0.3
11
6.1
93
.9
112.
3
84.2
94
.3
109.
0
Aus
tralia
66.5
62
.6
58.8
61
.5
70.3
77
.6
81.0
82
.2
90.6
89
.6
84.5
10
0.0
11
0.1
11
2.1
10
6.4
10
0.1
89
.4
89.1
92
.0
92.0
A
ustri
a10
5.4
10
0.0
98
.6
97.7
10
1.2
10
1.5
10
0.1
10
0.2
10
0.5
10
1.0
10
2.5
10
0.0
99
.3
98.4
10
1.1
10
3.0
10
1.5
10
2.5
10
1.9
10
1.1
B
elgi
um97
.6
92.1
94
.4
96.3
10
1.1
10
1.1
10
0.1
10
0.7
10
1.6
10
4.0
10
4.4
10
0.0
10
1.4
99
.7
102.
5
102.
4
97.2
97
.4
94.8
93
.4
Bra
zil
71.7
73
.7
61.8
58
.1
53.8
56
.3
70.0
77
.0
82.0
88
.2
90.4
10
0.0
10
8.9
10
1.3
95
.7
95.0
77
.1
80.0
85
.1
88.1
C
anad
a68
.8
69.8
67
.9
67.0
74
.4
79.3
84
.8
91.3
95
.6
94.6
91
.6
100.
0
101.
6
102.
7
100.
7
94.3
86
.2
83.4
82
.3
82.2
C
hile
84.4
81
.9
74.4
79
.1
74.2
78
.2
82.3
85
.9
85.5
89
.5
91.1
10
0.0
10
3.5
10
7.6
10
9.8
10
1.1
98
.7
101.
0
104.
5
105.
2
Chi
na67
.2
71.0
79
.3
82.7
79
.2
78.4
78
.8
80.8
83
.7
92.5
98
.5
100.
0
102.
5
110.
3
118.
6
123.
4
137.
0
132.
7
131.
3
132.
6
Col
ombi
a80
.2
72.4
71
.5
71.4
60
.5
65.7
74
.4
74.2
82
.9
87.3
87
.6
100.
0
99.0
10
7.5
10
5.8
10
2.5
82
.3
76.3
76
.0
76.2
C
osta
Ric
a25
5.0
23
5.4
22
0.0
19
9.2
17
0.2
14
7.4
13
0.0
11
7.3
10
8.6
99
.6
93.3
10
0.0
98
.3
97.7
97
.4
90.8
96
.7
95.1
92
.2
90.2
C
zech
Rep
ublic
66.8
66
.3
70.9
81
.8
81.9
84
.4
88.7
92
.2
94.9
10
5.6
99
.4
100.
0
101.
7
98.2
95
.8
90.9
89
.3
92.9
93
.1
93.2
D
enm
ark
90.7
84
.7
87.0
89
.6
94.9
95
.7
95.6
95
.8
99.5
10
2.3
10
5.6
10
0.0
97
.6
93.1
93
.5
94.9
92
.9
96.4
96
.9
97.2
E
ston
ia78
.7
73.6
73
.7
75.1
80
.3
82.2
83
.1
86.4
96
.1
107.
2
108.
2
100.
0
96.4
94
.0
96.8
10
0.5
10
7.8
11
2.8
11
1.7
11
1.3
Fi
nlan
d10
6.9
98
.6
99.1
99
.8
104.
1
104.
4
103.
2
100.
9
98.6
10
0.5
10
7.2
10
0.0
98
.7
97.3
98
.8
101.
1
100.
2
101.
1
98.5
95
.9
Fran
ce97
.3
92.1
92
.4
95.0
10
0.4
10
1.7
10
1.2
10
1.1
10
1.7
10
2.0
10
2.5
10
0.0
99
.1
96.4
97
.7
98.4
94
.1
94.8
93
.5
92.4
G
erm
any
120.
2
112.
0
108.
4
108.
4
113.
8
113.
9
108.
8
103.
9
101.
5
101.
1
105.
7
100.
0
98.6
96
.4
99.5
10
2.3
99
.7
102.
0
101.
4
101.
4
Gre
ece
79.6
74
.0
74.4
81
.7
87.3
90
.1
92.3
91
.8
94.4
97
.3
101.
6
100.
0
96.9
89
.3
82.8
81
.6
80.9
82
.5
81.2
80
.6
Hun
gary
73.5
76
.5
85.2
95
.3
101.
7
106.
5
109.
3
103.
2
113.
0
113.
4
102.
8
100.
0
98.6
93
.9
93.0
91
.8
89.4
93
.9
96.2
98
.4
Icel
and
147.
4
153.
2
134.
8
146.
1
155.
9
158.
2
181.
8
177.
7
182.
7
130.
4
90.3
10
0.0
10
5.5
10
5.7
10
9.8
12
1.3
13
0.2
15
5.1
17
3.5
17
8.0
In
dia
..
..
..
.
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
.
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
In
done
sia
75.5
75
.3
85.1
10
0.6
10
5.3
10
0.9
97
.8
112.
3
107.
2
98.5
92
.5
100.
0
95.2
88
.9
81.4
72
.3
69.2
70
.0
69.8
69
.1
Irela
nd88
.4
83.5
86
.4
88.8
99
.2
102.
0
105.
2
107.
1
112.
8
121.
9
114.
4
100.
0
99.5
94
.8
97.8
93
.0
72.2
74
.2
74.2
74
.4
Isra
el11
5.2
12
3.4
12
6.6
10
9.9
10
0.4
92
.7
90.9
91
.5
92.6
10
2.0
94
.7
100.
0
100.
8
97.6
10
3.4
10
5.3
10
8.3
11
2.1
11
3.8
11
4.2
Ita
ly89
.8
84.0
85
.4
89.3
96
.3
98.8
99
.2
99.7
10
0.6
10
2.0
10
4.9
10
0.0
98
.9
95.5
96
.9
97.4
94
.4
95.8
93
.9
91.8
Ja
pan
138.
7
144.
3
126.
1
114.
7
111.
6
109.
8
102.
9
92.0
82
.5
90.0
10
2.2
10
0.0
10
3.5
10
0.5
80
.6
76.1
71
.9
82.9
83
.3
82.4
K
orea
101.
5
108.
0
100.
7
105.
6
110.
0
112.
6
127.
2
134.
6
132.
6
106.
0
93.1
10
0.0
99
.2
99.4
10
5.3
11
2.7
11
5.5
11
4.2
11
4.5
11
4.4
La
tvia
95.1
96
.0
89.5
83
.3
81.0
81
.3
86.4
94
.9
115.
7
131.
7
117.
0
100.
0
94.3
94
.3
96.6
10
3.6
11
1.1
11
6.5
11
3.3
11
0.7
Li
thua
nia
95.7
91
.5
85.3
87
.3
90.5
94
.7
96.9
10
3.3
10
5.7
11
2.6
11
1.7
10
0.0
98
.1
93.8
95
.2
99.5
10
4.3
10
8.9
10
8.0
10
7.7
Lu
xem
bour
g81
.5
79.7
83
.5
85.8
88
.9
90.7
92
.1
93.8
93
.2
98.3
10
3.6
10
0.0
10
1.3
10
1.2
10
0.8
10
1.0
97
.5
97.2
97
.3
96.6
M
exic
o90
.1
101.
9
113.
2
117.
8
106.
9
102.
3
107.
3
107.
7
106.
5
107.
0
94.3
10
0.0
10
0.5
97
.4
102.
4
100.
8
89.1
78
.2
72.1
73
.3
Net
herla
nds
96.4
93
.4
94.7
99
.2
105.
4
105.
6
102.
2
100.
1
101.
3
102.
6
105.
8
100.
0
99.0
96
.5
97.6
97
.4
92.8
94
.4
93.7
93
.1
New
Zea
land
76.6
68
.5
68.6
74
.9
87.1
95
.6
103.
2
96.3
10
5.0
10
0.2
91
.9
100.
0
102.
1
103.
8
109.
1
115.
1
107.
1
107.
7
110.
2
110.
1
Nor
way
72.0
70
.0
72.4
80
.1
79.2
76
.8
81.4
84
.9
90.7
95
.9
93.4
10
0.0
10
6.2
10
9.0
10
9.9
10
5.2
95
.7
93.9
96
.1
95.3
P
olan
d98
.6
101.
5
113.
3
103.
2
89.9
86
.0
96.1
97
.9
103.
1
116.
3
93.2
10
0.0
96
.0
92.5
92
.4
94.1
91
.0
89.8
90
.3
90.5
P
ortu
gal
94.4
93
.7
95.2
97
.8
102.
2
102.
9
104.
0
102.
9
102.
3
102.
0
102.
3
100.
0
97.1
90
.8
93.7
93
.1
90.6
92
.6
91.0
89
.3
Rus
sia
27.5
35
.6
43.0
48
.0
49.4
57
.0
63.8
75
.7
87.3
97
.4
88.3
10
0.0
11
2.5
11
8.5
12
5.1
11
4.2
86
.8
85.3
94
.1
100.
1
Slo
vak
Rep
ublic
70.1
74
.4
71.6
72
.6
77.9
80
.3
83.2
85
.5
91.4
96
.9
104.
9
100.
0
99.9
97
.2
97.6
99
.4
98.7
99
.8
98.7
98
.0
Slo
veni
a94
.1
91.7
92
.6
92.6
95
.5
96.8
95
.7
95.3
96
.1
98.4
10
4.0
10
0.0
97
.4
93.4
92
.3
91.3
88
.9
89.6
87
.8
87.6
S
outh
Afri
ca82
.2
79.7
68
.5
58.3
77
.7
88.7
91
.4
88.9
84
.8
74.3
82
.1
100.
0
100.
6
95.5
86
.6
82.1
81
.4
76.2
83
.5
87.9
S
pain
84.2
82
.0
83.3
86
.4
91.8
94
.9
96.3
98
.7
102.
2
105.
7
104.
7
100.
0
97.8
90
.3
89.7
89
.9
86.6
87
.6
87.3
86
.8
Sw
eden
105.
1
107.
0
100.
0
101.
8
107.
5
107.
9
103.
5
101.
4
103.
9
102.
7
95.8
10
0.0
10
6.8
10
9.2
11
2.4
10
8.3
10
3.1
10
3.3
98
.1
98.1
S
witz
erla
nd93
.1
89.2
94
.1
99.6
10
0.0
97
.3
94.6
91
.1
87.4
90
.5
96.7
10
0.0
11
2.6
11
0.6
10
9.5
11
0.4
11
9.8
11
8.3
11
9.1
11
7.5
Tu
rkey
115.
7
124.
2
92.2
92
.9
86.5
85
.6
96.3
90
.6
94.0
98
.6
90.9
10
0.0
86
.6
90.9
93
.9
90.2
90
.0
88.5
86
.8
90.9
U
nite
d K
ingd
om11
8.0
12
2.2
12
1.6
12
1.6
11
6.5
12
4.5
12
2.1
12
5.5
12
8.3
10
9.2
99
.4
100.
0
96.9
99
.2
96.9
10
1.9
10
9.3
97
.5
92.1
92
.7
Uni
ted
Sta
tes
124.
6
129.
4
133.
6
131.
0
121.
8
116.
6
112.
9
112.
0
107.
8
102.
2
104.
3
100.
0
95.2
97
.0
97.3
10
0.7
11
4.4
11
9.8
12
4.3
12
4.0
E
uro
area
102.
3
90.6
90
.0
94.1
10
5.8
10
8.1
10
4.8
10
2.3
10
2.8
10
5.2
11
0.0
10
0.0
97
.6
91.8
94
.7
96.5
90
.4
93.0
91
.0
89.6
Not
e:
Sou
rce:
OE
CD
Eco
nom
ic O
utlo
ok 1
00 d
atab
ase.
Com
petit
iven
ess-
wei
ghte
dre
lativ
eun
itla
bour
cost
sfo
rthe
over
alle
cono
my
indo
llart
erm
s.C
ompe
titiv
enes
sw
eigh
tsta
kein
toac
coun
tthe
stru
ctur
eof
com
petit
ion
inbo
thex
port
and
impo
rtm
arke
tsof
the
good
sse
ctor
of53
coun
tries
.A
nin
crea
sein
the
inde
xin
dica
tes
are
alef
fect
ive
appr
ecia
tion
and
aco
rresp
ondi
ngde
terio
ratio
nof
the
com
petit
ive
posi
tion.
For
deta
ilson
the
met
hod
ofca
lcul
atio
n,se
e S
ourc
es&
Met
hods
ofth
eO
EC
DE
cono
mic
Out
look
(http
://w
ww
.oec
d.or
g/ec
o/so
urce
s-an
d-m
etho
ds.h
tm).
2012
2013
2014
2015
2002
2001
2008
2009
2000
1999
2003
2004
2017
2007
2018
2006
2016
2005
2010
2011
OECD ECONOMIC OUTLOOK, VOLUME 2016 ISSUE 2 © OECD 2016 – PRELIMINARY VERSION320
Page 63
STATISTICAL ANNEX
An
nex
Tabl
e53
.Ex
por
tm
ark
etgr
owth
ingo
ods
and
serv
ices
1 2
htt
p://
dx.d
oi.o
rg/1
0.17
87/8
8893
3438
535
Aus
tralia
5.8
13
.5
0.7
6.
5
9.9
13
.6
9.0
9.
8
7.9
5.
1
-8.7
14
.7
10.1
5.
2
4.4
5.
3
1.6
1.
5
2.5
2.
7
Aus
tria
5.7
11
.9
2.0
1.
4
5.4
9.
5
7.6
10
.6
8.5
3.
0
-11.
4
11.9
7.
0
0.8
3.
2
3.5
3.
5
2.8
3.
3
3.6
B
elgi
um7.
0
12.4
1.
8
1.8
4.
2
8.4
7.
2
9.5
6.
8
2.5
-1
0.7
10
.6
6.1
1.
7
2.4
4.
3
4.5
2.
6
3.3
3.
6
Can
ada
9.0
12
.8
-1.9
3.
8
4.9
11
.3
6.8
7.
1
3.6
-1
.2
-12.
8
12.7
6.
0
2.7
1.
8
4.3
4.
0
1.1
3.
9
4.7
C
hile
5.3
13
.3
0.7
3.
8
8.5
12
.3
8.3
10
.2
8.7
4.
2
-8.8
15
.2
9.8
3.
8
4.5
4.
7
1.7
1.
6
2.5
3.
0
Cze
ch R
epub
lic5.
4
11.6
2.
7
1.3
5.
2
9.2
7.
6
11.2
8.
1
3.0
-1
2.1
11
.8
6.9
1.
2
2.9
3.
7
3.8
3.
2
3.6
3.
8
Den
mar
k5.
5
11.4
1.
2
1.7
4.
7
8.6
7.
6
9.6
7.
4
2.4
-1
1.5
11
.2
6.3
1.
9
2.5
4.
2
3.7
2.
7
3.0
3.
3
Est
onia
1.6
12
.3
3.1
3.
7
5.8
10
.4
10.5
11
.2
10.7
4.
9
-17.
5
11.9
9.
6
3.4
2.
2
1.7
-0
.3
2.3
3.
2
3.4
Fi
nlan
d4.
2
12.3
1.
5
3.1
6.
1
10.3
8.
6
10.8
9.
3
3.7
-1
3.4
12
.9
8.6
3.
1
2.8
2.
9
0.5
2.
2
3.1
3.
4
Fran
ce5.
8
11.5
1.
6
2.3
5.
2
9.3
7.
7
9.7
8.
1
2.5
-1
1.1
10
.8
6.0
1.
4
2.8
3.
8
3.1
2.
2
3.0
3.
3
Ger
man
y5.
1
12.4
1.
9
3.1
4.
8
9.6
7.
9
9.4
8.
0
2.9
-1
1.3
11
.2
6.7
1.
7
2.9
3.
6
3.2
2.
7
3.4
3.
6
Gre
ece
3.4
10
.8
1.3
3.
5
6.0
10
.5
7.9
9.
6
10.2
4.
2
-11.
2
10.5
7.
3
2.2
2.
8
3.0
2.
4
2.2
2.
4
2.6
H
unga
ry5.
1
11.5
2.
8
2.0
5.
5
9.8
7.
7
10.7
8.
7
3.1
-1
2.3
11
.7
7.1
1.
5
2.7
3.
4
3.2
2.
8
3.2
3.
5
Icel
and
6.7
11
.0
2.1
2.
0
3.6
8.
0
7.0
9.
3
6.4
2.
0
-10.
9
9.8
5.
1
2.0
2.
6
3.5
3.
6
2.6
3.
1
3.4
Ire
land
7.1
12
.0
0.4
2.
8
3.9
8.
7
6.8
7.
8
4.5
0.
4
-11.
0
10.8
5.
4
1.5
2.
5
3.7
4.
2
2.3
3.
3
3.6
Is
rael
6.9
13
.0
-1.0
4.
2
6.3
11
.6
8.1
8.
8
6.2
2.
4
-11.
3
13.5
7.
7
3.0
2.
6
3.6
2.
6
1.6
3.
4
4.0
Ita
ly5.
5
12.1
1.
7
2.5
5.
4
9.8
8.
1
9.6
8.
9
3.4
-1
1.3
10
.6
6.9
2.
0
3.2
3.
3
2.5
2.
3
3.1
3.
4
Japa
n6.
8
15.3
-1
.0
7.2
9.
8
14.5
9.
0
10.2
8.
7
4.0
-8
.6
15.3
9.
1
4.1
4.
6
4.3
2.
2
2.1
2.
7
3.2
K
orea
4.4
14
.2
0.8
6.
4
10.5
14
.8
9.5
10
.8
9.6
5.
1
-8.7
14
.8
9.6
4.
9
5.1
5.
0
1.5
1.
9
2.5
3.
0
Latv
ia-1
.6
10.6
6.
3
7.0
7.
6
12.3
12
.3
13.7
12
.2
6.1
-1
9.8
14
.4
12.1
5.
1
3.8
1.
6
-1.7
2.
1
3.1
3.
4
Luxe
mbo
urg
6.0
12
.4
1.6
1.
4
3.6
7.
3
7.1
9.
0
6.5
1.
7
-10.
3
10.3
5.
9
0.7
2.
7
3.6
4.
3
2.7
3.
2
3.4
M
exic
o8.
8
12.5
-2
.3
3.3
4.
8
11.4
6.
7
6.9
3.
7
-1.3
-1
3.2
12
.9
6.1
2.
4
1.5
4.
1
4.0
0.
9
4.0
4.
9
Net
herla
nds
6.0
12
.2
1.5
1.
6
4.3
8.
3
7.2
9.
4
7.0
2.
2
-11.
0
10.8
6.
2
1.2
2.
5
4.1
4.
1
2.6
3.
1
3.4
N
ew Z
eala
nd5.
2
12.0
-0
.6
6.7
8.
7
13.5
8.
9
9.6
9.
5
5.9
-9
.4
13.5
9.
0
5.1
2.
4
3.0
1.
5
0.8
2.
2
3.0
N
orw
ay6.
8
11.9
2.
1
2.9
3.
6
7.7
7.
2
9.5
4.
7
1.1
-1
0.5
10
.0
4.9
2.
1
2.4
4.
0
4.5
2.
6
2.8
3.
0
Pol
and
5.4
12
.1
2.9
2.
0
5.1
9.
6
7.9
10
.7
8.2
2.
6
-12.
5
11.5
6.
9
1.4
2.
6
3.7
3.
3
2.8
3.
3
3.5
P
ortu
gal
7.7
11
.2
2.7
2.
4
4.7
9.
0
7.5
8.
9
8.2
0.
5
-12.
5
9.0
4.
4
0.0
1.
9
4.4
3.
9
2.9
3.
3
3.5
S
lova
k R
epub
lic5.
7
12.8
2.
9
2.1
5.
6
10.6
7.
6
10.7
9.
2
3.0
-1
2.2
12
.0
6.4
0.
6
2.2
4.
9
4.2
3.
8
3.9
4.
1
Slo
veni
a4.
4
11.7
3.
0
2.0
5.
1
9.6
7.
4
10.5
9.
4
3.6
-1
2.3
11
.4
7.1
1.
0
2.3
3.
4
3.0
2.
8
3.2
3.
3
Spa
in5.
4
11.8
1.
6
1.7
3.
6
8.2
6.
8
9.0
7.
4
2.5
-1
0.6
10
.5
5.4
0.
7
2.7
3.
8
3.9
2.
3
3.0
3.
2
Sw
eden
4.2
11
.0
1.5
3.
0
4.1
9.
2
8.5
10
.0
7.6
3.
2
-11.
5
9.9
6.
5
2.4
2.
7
3.3
2.
6
2.0
2.
9
3.3
S
witz
erla
nd6.
3
12.3
1.
1
2.4
5.
4
9.5
7.
3
9.5
7.
2
2.1
-1
1.0
12
.0
6.5
1.
8
2.6
4.
1
3.1
2.
0
3.0
3.
3
Turk
ey3.
2
10.8
4.
0
3.3
5.
6
10.5
9.
2
10.6
11
.8
5.8
-1
0.8
8.
8
6.9
3.
6
2.9
3.
1
0.3
0.
9
2.2
2.
5
Uni
ted
Kin
gdom
6.8
13
.4
2.0
2.
7
3.8
8.
5
8.4
8.
9
7.9
2.
0
-9.7
9.
6
6.2
2.
4
2.4
5.
1
5.8
2.
4
3.3
3.
7
Uni
ted
Sta
tes
5.7
12
.4
-0.4
3.
2
6.0
10
.7
8.6
9.
2
8.4
4.
3
-10.
7
14.2
8.
1
4.0
3.
5
3.6
1.
8
1.2
2.
5
2.9
To
tal O
EC
D6.
0
12.6
0.
9
3.2
5.
6
10.3
8.
0
9.4
7.
7
2.9
-1
0.8
12
.1
7.1
2.
6
3.1
4.
0
3.0
2.
1
3.0
3.
4
Chi
na4.
7
13.2
-0
.8
3.9
6.
1
12.0
8.
0
8.8
7.
5
3.7
-1
2.1
13
.5
7.1
3.
4
2.5
3.
2
1.3
0.
7
2.8
3.
1
Oth
er in
dust
rialis
ed A
sia1
4.1
14
.1
-0.2
5.
7
8.6
13
.8
8.9
9.
6
8.5
4.
6
-9.3
14
.2
8.6
4.
4
4.1
4.
4
1.7
1.
5
2.5
2.
9
Rus
sia
4.9
12
.0
1.2
3.
6
6.1
10
.2
8.1
9.
8
9.0
3.
7
-10.
8
11.2
7.
3
2.3
3.
0
3.8
3.
2
2.8
3.
0
3.2
B
razi
l2.
3
10.7
0.
2
-0.3
9.
5
14.1
9.
9
10.7
10
.7
5.6
-1
0.4
14
.1
10.3
3.
5
4.0
2.
6
2.0
1.
8
2.5
3.
2
Oth
er o
il pr
oduc
ers
5.4
13
.1
0.2
4.
9
7.6
12
.2
9.0
9.
9
8.1
4.
9
-10.
2
13.2
8.
7
4.1
2.
5
4.0
1.
5
1.0
2.
8
3.2
R
est o
f the
wor
ld3.
1
11.8
1.
9
3.5
6.
7
11.6
9.
0
10.5
10
.5
5.3
-1
1.6
12
.3
8.5
3.
5
3.2
2.
6
0.2
1.
0
2.5
3.
0
1. C
hine
se T
aipe
i, H
ong
Kon
g - C
hina
, Ind
ia, I
ndon
esia
, Mal
aysi
a, P
hilip
pine
s, S
inga
pore
, Tha
iland
and
Vie
tnam
.
Sou
rce:
OE
CD
Eco
nom
ic O
utlo
ok 1
00 d
atab
ase.
Per
cent
age
chan
ges
from
pre
viou
s pe
riod
2004
20
10
2005
20
07
2008
20
06
2009
19
99
2000
20
01
2002
20
03
Not
e: R
egio
nal a
ggre
gate
s ar
e ca
lcul
ated
incl
usiv
e of
intra
-regi
onal
trad
e.
2016
20
18
2011
20
12
2013
20
15
2014
20
17
OECD ECONOMIC OUTLOOK, VOLUME 2016 ISSUE 2 © OECD 2016 – PRELIMINARY VERSION 321
Page 64
STATISTICAL ANNEX
An
nex
Tabl
e54
.Ex
por
tp
erfo
rman
cefo
rto
talg
ood
san
dse
rvic
es
1 2
htt
p://
dx.d
oi.o
rg/1
0.17
87/8
8893
3438
547
Aus
tralia
-1.2
-2
.0
1.9
-5
.5
-10.
5
-8.6
-5
.5
-6.1
-4
.4
-1.5
12
.3
-8.1
-9
.3
1.0
1.
5
1.4
4.
1
5.4
4.
4
4.2
A
ustri
a0.
5
1.4
3.
7
2.7
-4
.7
-0.7
-1
.2
-2.4
-1
.1
-0.8
-3
.9
1.6
-0
.9
0.8
-2
.7
-1.1
0.
1
-1.0
-0
.2
0.0
B
elgi
um-1
.8
0.0
-1
.5
1.8
-2
.6
-2.0
-2
.0
-3.9
-1
.0
-0.8
1.
4
-0.2
0.
5
0.1
-1
.6
0.8
-0
.2
1.6
0.
1
0.0
C
anad
a1.
6
-3.3
-1
.1
-2.5
-6
.3
-5.2
-4
.3
-5.8
-2
.3
-3.4
-0
.3
-5.4
-1
.2
0.0
1.
0
0.9
-0
.5
-0.6
-0
.9
0.0
C
hile
1.0
-7
.2
6.2
-1
.7
-1.6
1.
5
-5.1
-4
.6
-1.4
-4
.7
4.7
-1
1.1
-3
.9
-3.5
-1
.2
-3.5
-3
.5
-1.7
-0
.3
-0.5
C
zech
Rep
ublic
-0.2
2.
9
6.5
-0
.4
3.4
18
.9
10.0
2.
9
2.8
1.
2
2.6
2.
9
2.1
3.
0
-2.6
4.
7
3.8
2.
1
1.2
1.
1
Den
mar
k5.
4
1.0
2.
2
2.6
-5
.6
-5.1
0.
1
0.6
-3
.5
1.4
2.
6
-7.4
0.
8
-0.8
-0
.9
-0.6
-1
.8
-1.6
-0
.3
-0.1
E
ston
ia-1
.1
-17.
1
3.1
-0
.9
4.1
6.
3
8.5
-1
.5
1.7
-3
.8
-3.4
10
.9
13.3
1.
4
0.0
1.
4
-0.3
1.
6
0.6
0.
9
Finl
and
6.9
3.
4
-0.2
0.
6
-6.8
-1
.4
-1.6
-0
.6
-0.2
2.
8
-7.7
-6
.0
-6.1
-1
.8
-1.6
-4
.5
-0.7
-0
.4
0.7
0.
3
Fran
ce-0
.9
1.5
1.
3
-0.6
-5
.9
-4.2
-3
.7
-3.5
-4
.8
-2.5
0.
1
-1.9
1.
0
1.3
-0
.9
-0.3
2.
7
-1.2
0.
2
0.0
G
erm
any
-0.1
1.
8
4.1
1.
1
-2.9
0.
7
-0.9
3.
1
1.5
-1
.6
-3.3
2.
7
1.6
1.
7
-0.9
0.
4
1.4
0.
0
-0.7
-0
.8
Gre
ece
20.4
11
.3
-2.6
-1
0.4
-6
.4
6.7
-3
.3
-4.1
-0
.2
-0.6
-7
.9
-5.6
-6
.0
-1.1
-1
.2
4.2
-6
.1
-9.5
1.
5
2.3
H
unga
ry6.
4
12.1
5.
8
3.7
0.
7
7.4
4.
8
7.9
6.
8
3.7
1.
0
-0.4
-0
.5
-3.3
1.
5
6.2
4.
3
5.2
1.
5
0.8
Ic
elan
d-3
.3
-6.4
4.
5
1.4
-2
.5
0.1
0.
1
-12.
8
15.9
1.
3
21.4
-8
.0
-1.6
1.
5
4.0
-0
.3
5.4
3.
6
0.9
0.
2
Irela
nd8.
0
8.0
13
.6
3.6
-5
.5
-2.0
-1
.2
-1.6
4.
2
-4.2
17
.6
-4.6
-2
.3
0.8
0.
5
10.3
29
.1
0.5
-0
.5
-0.7
Is
rael
7.3
9.
3
-10.
2
-5.9
1.
8
5.4
-2
.8
-3.2
4.
0
3.4
0.
2
1.4
1.
7
-4.6
1.
0
-2.0
-6
.5
1.7
-0
.3
0.1
Ita
ly-6
.4
0.6
0.
7
-4.8
-6
.6
-3.9
-3
.5
-1.0
-3
.1
-6.5
-7
.5
0.7
-0
.7
0.0
-2
.2
-0.6
1.
4
-0.5
-0
.1
-0.4
Ja
pan
-4.6
-2
.4
-6.1
0.
7
-0.2
-0
.4
-2.5
-0
.2
0.0
-2
.5
-17.
0
8.3
-8
.7
-4.2
-3
.3
3.9
0.
6
-2.5
0.
3
-0.1
K
orea
8.3
2.
6
-3.0
6.
2
3.1
5.
1
-1.6
1.
1
2.8
2.
3
9.1
-1
.8
5.1
0.
2
-0.8
-2
.8
-0.7
-0
.3
-0.3
-0
.2
Latv
ia-4
.8
3.4
2.
6
-1.9
-3
.4
1.3
10
.0
-5.5
1.
4
-3.5
8.
6
-0.9
-0
.1
4.4
-2
.6
2.3
4.
4
0.2
0.
8
0.6
Lu
xem
bour
g7.
8
0.2
3.
7
0.7
-0
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3.3
-1
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3.7
2.
2
4.2
-2
.0
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-2
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2.0
3.
5
8.2
8.
2
1.8
1.
4
1.1
M
exic
o-2
.1
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-1
.1
-1.2
-3
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-2.0
-1
.0
0.8
-0
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0.0
1.
5
6.8
2.
0
3.4
0.
7
2.7
4.
9
1.7
0.
3
0.0
N
ethe
rland
s2.
4
0.7
-0
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-1.0
-2
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-0.2
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-1.8
-1
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-0.3
2.
3
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2.6
-0
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0.3
0.
9
0.7
0.
2
0.1
N
ew Z
eala
nd3.
0
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3.
8
0.2
-5
.8
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-8
.7
-7.1
-4
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-6.7
12
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-9.0
-5
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-1
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0.1
5.
2
3.0
1.
3
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N
orw
ay-3
.7
-7.8
2.
2
-3.1
-3
.6
-6.2
-6
.3
-9.4
-3
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-1.0
7.
2
-8.5
-5
.4
-0.6
-4
.0
-0.8
-0
.7
-4.2
-3
.6
-1.9
P
olan
d-7
.6
10.6
-0
.5
2.7
8.
6
-4.3
1.
8
4.4
1.
7
4.3
7.
5
1.4
0.
9
3.2
3.
4
2.9
4.
3
6.2
2.
4
1.7
P
ortu
gal
-3.8
-2
.5
-0.5
0.
6
-1.3
-4
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3.
2
-0.8
-0
.8
2.6
0.
4
2.5
3.
4
5.0
-0
.1
2.1
0.
4
0.4
0.
5
Slo
vak
Rep
ublic
4.2
-4
.7
7.6
4.
9
12.2
9.
3
4.9
11
.0
4.9
0.
0
-5.2
3.
3
5.3
8.
6
4.4
-1
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2.7
1.
4
2.1
2.
8
Slo
veni
a-2
.3
0.8
4.
0
5.7
-1
.9
3.2
3.
7
3.3
3.
9
0.6
-4
.9
-1.2
-0
.1
-0.4
0.
7
2.2
2.
4
3.4
1.
1
0.9
S
pain
2.4
-1
.2
2.1
-0
.4
-0.2
-3
.6
-4.7
-3
.7
0.8
-3
.3
-0.5
-0
.9
1.9
0.
4
1.5
0.
4
0.9
3.
4
1.4
1.
3
Sw
eden
2.5
0.
9
-0.6
-1
.7
0.3
0.
5
-1.7
-0
.8
-2.7
-1
.6
-3.2
1.
4
-0.2
-0
.9
-3.4
2.
1
2.5
0.
7
0.5
-0
.1
Sw
itzer
land
-3.0
0.
2
-1.1
-4
.3
-6.0
-0
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-0.5
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3.9
1.
6
1.1
0.
5
-1.3
-0
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12.4
-9
.8
-0.9
1.
7
1.1
0.
2
Turk
ey-1
3.5
4.
7
0.0
3.
5
1.2
0.
6
-1.2
-3
.5
-4.1
-2
.9
6.4
-5
.0
0.9
12
.3
-3.0
4.
2
-1.2
-2
.6
1.8
2.
2
Uni
ted
Kin
gdom
-3.7
-3
.4
0.1
-0
.2
-1.0
-3
.1
-0.3
3.
2
-8.7
-0
.9
1.0
-3
.5
-0.4
-1
.7
-1.3
-3
.4
-1.3
0.
3
-0.1
0.
3
Uni
ted
Sta
tes
-2.9
-3
.4
-5.5
-4
.7
-4.0
-0
.9
-2.1
-0
.2
0.8
1.
4
2.1
-2
.0
-1.1
-0
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0.0
0.
7
-1.7
-0
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0.9
0.
1
Tota
l OE
CD
-1.1
-0
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-0.4
-1
.1
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-1
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-0
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.0
-0.4
-0
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-0.8
0.
3
-0.3
0.
3
1.1
0.
2
0.3
0.
2
Chi
na6.
2
13.3
6.
8
21.8
20
.6
11.0
14
.3
15.0
11
.8
5.8
1.
4
10.1
6.
5
2.7
6.
5
3.5
-3
.2
0.2
-0
.4
-0.7
O
ther
indu
stria
lised
Asi
a1 0.
7
2.9
-2
.9
2.9
1.
5
2.3
2.
6
1.8
-0
.3
0.8
1.
3
1.9
-0
.8
-1.0
0.
8
-0.4
-2
.3
-0.2
0.
1
0.0
R
ussi
a6.
0
-2.3
3.
0
6.5
6.
2
1.5
-1
.5
-2.2
-2
.5
-3.0
6.
8
-3.7
-6
.5
-0.9
1.
5
-3.1
0.
4
-2.2
0.
0
-0.1
B
razi
l3.
3
2.2
8.
7
6.9
1.
6
-0.5
1.
1
-5.3
-4
.5
-5.5
2.
0
-2.2
-4
.6
-3.7
-1
.1
-3.5
4.
0
4.4
0.
8
0.6
O
ther
oil
prod
ucer
s-9
.1
-8.5
0.
1
-6.3
4.
4
-2.2
-0
.8
-5.3
-3
.7
-0.3
3.
7
-7.4
-1
.2
-0.6
-1
.4
-4.1
1.
6
1.6
-1
.7
-1.7
R
est o
f the
wor
ld-0
.8
-2.7
2.
7
0.2
-0
.4
-0.6
-2
.9
-4.1
-2
.5
-1.0
4.
4
-3.1
-1
.7
-0.6
1.
2
-0.8
1.
3
0.6
-1
.3
-1.3
1. C
hine
se T
aipe
i, H
ong
Kon
g - C
hina
, Ind
ia, I
ndon
esia
, Mal
aysi
a, P
hilip
pine
s, S
inga
pore
, Tha
iland
and
Vie
tnam
.
Sou
rce:
OE
CD
Eco
nom
ic O
utlo
ok 1
00 d
atab
ase.
Not
e: R
egio
nal a
ggre
gate
s ar
e ca
lcul
ated
incl
usiv
e of
intra
-regi
onal
trad
e. E
xpor
t per
form
ance
is m
easu
red
as a
ctua
l gro
wth
in e
xpor
ts re
lativ
e to
the
grow
th o
f the
cou
ntry
's e
xpor
t mar
ket.
For m
ore
deta
ils, s
ee S
ourc
es &
Met
hods
of t
he
OE
CD
Eco
nom
ic O
utlo
ok (h
ttp://
ww
w.o
ecd.
org/
eco/
sour
ces-
and-
met
hods
.htm
).
1999
20
02
2003
20
04
2005
20
00
2016
20
01
2012
20
07
2009
20
06
2015
Per
cent
age
chan
ges
from
pre
viou
s pe
riod
2018
20
08
2013
20
10
2011
20
14
2017
OECD ECONOMIC OUTLOOK, VOLUME 2016 ISSUE 2 © OECD 2016 – PRELIMINARY VERSION322
Page 65
STATISTICAL ANNEX
An
nex
Tabl
e55
.Im
por
tp
enet
rati
on
1 2
htt
p://
dx.d
oi.o
rg/1
0.17
87/8
8893
3438
555
Goo
ds a
nd s
ervi
ces
impo
rt vo
lum
e as
a p
erce
ntag
e of
tota
l fin
al e
xpen
ditu
re, c
onst
ant p
rices
Aus
tralia
11.5
11
.9
11.2
11
.8
12.6
13
.7
14.3
15
.0
16.0
17
.0
15.5
17
.1
18.3
18
.6
18.1
17
.4
17.4
16
.9
16.9
17
.0
Aus
tria
27.2
28
.4
29.3
29
.1
29.6
30
.8
31.3
31
.8
32.2
32
.2
30.2
32
.3
32.9
33
.1
33.2
33
.3
33.9
34
.4
35.0
35
.5
Bel
gium
37.5
39
.7
39.3
39
.2
39.3
39
.9
41.0
41
.5
42.0
42
.6
40.9
42
.5
43.8
44
.1
44.2
45
.2
45.9
46
.4
46.9
47
.5
Bra
zil
10.4
11
.1
11.2
9.
6
9.4
9.
7
10.1
11
.3
12.5
13
.6
12.8
15
.4
16.2
15
.9
16.5
16
.3
14.8
13
.9
14.1
14
.2
Can
ada
22.1
22
.6
21.4
21
.3
21.7
22
.5
23.2
23
.7
24.3
24
.3
22.5
24
.3
24.9
25
.3
25.1
25
.0
24.8
24
.2
24.2
24
.4
Chi
le19
.5
20.2
20
.2
20.1
20
.9
22.5
24
.3
25.2
26
.9
28.4
25
.1
28.6
30
.6
30.5
30
.1
28.3
27
.2
26.4
26
.5
26.4
C
hina
13.6
15
.3
15.4
17
.2
20.0
21
.9
22.1
22
.8
22.7
22
.0
21.2
22
.3
23.3
23
.2
23.7
24
.0
23.5
23
.3
22.6
22
.0
Col
ombi
a13
.2
13.5
14
.3
14.0
14
.5
15.0
15
.8
17.4
18
.4
19.4
17
.6
18.6
20
.7
21.6
21
.7
22.3
22
.5
21.6
21
.1
21.1
C
osta
Ric
a26
.3
24.8
24
.1
24.6
24
.7
24.7
25
.3
25.5
25
.8
26.2
22
.5
24.7
25
.9
26.5
26
.4
26.4
26
.7
27.6
28
.2
28.5
C
zech
Rep
ublic
24.7
26
.5
27.9
28
.4
29.4
33
.3
34.6
35
.5
37.0
37
.1
35.5
38
.3
39.3
40
.1
40.3
41
.9
42.7
43
.1
43.7
44
.4
Den
mar
k23
.2
24.8
25
.1
26.1
25
.9
26.7
28
.3
30.2
31
.2
32.3
30
.6
30.3
31
.6
32.1
32
.2
32.6
32
.5
32.7
33
.0
33.3
E
ston
ia34
.5
32.1
33
.4
34.8
35
.8
37.6
39
.3
41.6
42
.6
42.2
36
.9
40.6
44
.7
45.9
46
.5
46.2
45
.5
46.8
47
.0
47.3
Fi
nlan
d21
.6
23.3
23
.2
23.7
24
.2
24.9
26
.4
26.9
27
.3
28.7
26
.7
27.0
27
.7
28.3
28
.6
28.7
28
.9
29.1
29
.5
29.9
Fr
ance
17.6
19
.2
19.3
19
.4
19.4
19
.9
20.6
21
.2
21.7
21
.9
20.7
21
.8
22.5
22
.6
22.9
23
.6
24.5
24
.8
25.3
25
.6
Ger
man
y20
.5
21.7
21
.6
21.2
22
.2
23.3
24
.2
25.5
26
.1
26.3
25
.4
27.0
27
.6
27.6
28
.1
28.6
29
.3
29.5
29
.8
30.2
G
reec
e22
.1
25.1
24
.0
22.7
23
.0
22.8
23
.1
24.4
26
.3
26.5
23
.0
23.4
23
.6
23.2
23
.1
24.3
23
.1
22.8
23
.1
23.4
H
unga
ry29
.9
33.6
34
.0
34.9
36
.0
38.5
39
.3
41.8
44
.9
46.1
43
.8
46.1
46
.8
46.3
46
.9
48.6
49
.3
50.9
51
.8
52.8
Ic
elan
d26
.4
27.0
24
.3
23.8
25
.1
26.1
29
.9
30.8
28
.4
23.7
20
.4
21.7
22
.4
23.0
22
.2
23.5
25
.0
26.7
26
.7
26.8
In
dia1
12.6
12
.6
12.4
13
.2
13.8
15
.3
18.0
19
.6
19.6
22
.4
20.7
21
.5
23.7
23
.8
21.2
20
.2
18.6
17
.2
16.9
16
.7
Indo
nesi
a13
.0
15.2
15
.3
14.2
13
.8
16.2
17
.7
18.1
18
.5
19.1
17
.0
18.3
19
.5
19.8
19
.3
18.8
17
.3
16.0
15
.7
15.5
Ire
land
40.0
43
.1
43.9
43
.7
42.0
40
.8
42.7
43
.7
44.9
45
.6
45.7
45
.4
45.8
47
.5
47.3
49
.0
48.0
48
.0
48.1
48
.5
Isra
el25
.5
26.2
25
.1
24.9
24
.6
25.9
25
.8
25.4
26
.2
26.1
23
.2
24.7
25
.8
25.7
24
.9
25.0
24
.5
25.5
26
.4
26.7
Ita
ly17
.8
18.8
18
.9
19.0
19
.1
19.5
20
.0
20.9
21
.5
21.0
19
.7
21.3
21
.4
20.4
20
.4
20.8
21
.7
21.9
22
.3
22.6
Ja
pan
9.6
10
.4
10.4
10
.4
10.6
11
.1
11.4
11
.7
11.7
11
.9
10.8
11
.3
12.0
12
.3
12.5
13
.3
13.2
13
.0
13.1
13
.1
Kor
ea23
.0
25.1
23
.5
24.8
26
.3
27.7
28
.5
29.9
31
.1
31.1
29
.6
31.6
33
.8
33.8
33
.5
33.1
33
.3
33.3
33
.3
33.2
La
tvia
32.0
31
.2
33.0
32
.0
32.7
35
.2
36.4
38
.2
39.8
37
.7
32.1
35
.5
38.8
39
.2
38.5
38
.1
38.0
38
.8
39.3
39
.7
Lith
uani
a28
.5
29.0
31
.3
33.8
33
.7
35.5
38
.0
39.4
39
.2
41.4
36
.6
40.2
42
.0
42.6
43
.8
43.8
44
.9
45.1
45
.2
45.4
Lu
xem
bour
g53
.5
54.0
55
.1
54.3
55
.2
56.8
57
.4
59.0
58
.7
60.9
59
.0
59.3
60
.2
61.2
61
.4
62.7
64
.7
64.8
64
.9
65.0
M
exic
o17
.4
19.5
19
.7
19.9
20
.2
20.6
21
.4
22.1
22
.7
23.1
20
.8
23.2
23
.7
23.6
24
.1
24.7
24
.8
25.0
25
.3
25.6
N
ethe
rland
s32
.9
34.5
34
.4
34.5
34
.9
35.9
36
.6
37.6
38
.0
38.1
37
.1
38.9
39
.3
40.2
40
.5
41.2
42
.0
42.4
42
.9
43.4
N
ew Z
eala
nd19
.9
19.2
19
.2
19.9
20
.5
22.4
23
.0
22.1
22
.9
23.6
20
.8
22.3
23
.1
23.1
23
.9
24.8
24
.9
24.9
25
.2
25.4
N
orw
ay18
.1
18.0
17
.9
17.9
17
.9
18.6
19
.4
20.4
21
.4
21.9
20
.4
21.6
22
.1
22.1
22
.8
22.9
22
.9
23.0
23
.2
23.4
P
olan
d23
.2
24.7
23
.9
24.1
25
.1
25.7
26
.2
28.3
29
.9
30.9
27
.6
29.6
29
.8
29.4
29
.4
30.7
31
.3
32.6
33
.3
33.9
P
ortu
gal
25.4
25
.7
25.6
25
.4
25.5
26
.6
26.9
28
.0
28.6
29
.1
27.6
28
.7
27.9
27
.4
28.5
29
.9
31.3
31
.8
32.3
32
.9
Rus
sia
6.9
7.
9
8.7
9.
4
10.2
11
.3
12.2
13
.4
15.1
16
.2
12.7
14
.8
16.7
17
.5
17.8
16
.6
13.3
12
.6
12.8
13
.0
Slo
vak
Rep
ublic
32.6
33
.8
36.8
37
.1
37.7
41
.1
42.9
45
.3
45.0
44
.4
40.7
42
.8
44.4
44
.6
45.5
45
.9
46.9
47
.2
47.7
48
.4
Slo
veni
a32
.1
32.6
32
.8
33.1
33
.9
35.9
36
.6
38.1
40
.1
40.3
37
.3
38.6
39
.6
39.3
40
.1
40.3
40
.8
41.7
42
.2
42.7
S
outh
Afri
ca17
.7
17.8
17
.5
17.7
18
.4
20.0
20
.8
22.7
23
.4
23.3
20
.3
21.5
22
.9
23.2
23
.7
23.3
24
.0
23.5
24
.1
24.6
S
pain
19.9
20
.5
20.5
20
.6
21.0
22
.1
22.6
23
.3
24.1
22
.8
20.1
21
.2
21.2
20
.6
20.8
21
.6
22.0
22
.4
22.9
23
.3
Sw
eden
24.2
25
.4
24.8
24
.2
24.5
24
.8
25.5
26
.2
27.0
27
.8
25.9
27
.1
27.9
28
.1
27.9
28
.6
28.8
29
.1
29.2
29
.5
Sw
itzer
land
31.5
32
.3
32.2
31
.7
31.8
31
.9
33.4
33
.2
33.6
34
.2
33.8
34
.9
36.5
35
.7
38.1
35
.7
36.5
37
.1
37.7
38
.3
Turk
ey16
.9
18.8
15
.6
17.2
19
.6
21.2
21
.9
21.9
22
.9
22.0
20
.1
22.0
22
.4
21.9
22
.7
22.0
21
.3
21.8
22
.0
22.3
U
nite
d K
ingd
om20
.4
21.3
21
.7
22.2
22
.1
22.8
23
.4
24.7
24
.0
23.8
22
.8
23.9
23
.8
24.1
24
.3
24.2
24
.8
24.9
25
.0
25.1
U
nite
d S
tate
s11
.3
12.1
11
.7
11.9
12
.1
12.9
13
.2
13.6
13
.7
13.4
12
.1
13.1
13
.6
13.6
13
.5
13.7
14
.0
13.9
14
.1
14.4
To
tal O
EC
D17
.1
18.2
18
.0
18.1
18
.4
19.2
19
.8
20.6
21
.1
21.1
19
.6
20.9
21
.6
21.6
21
.7
22.1
22
.5
22.6
22
.9
23.2
Not
e: T
he O
EC
D a
ggre
gate
is c
alcu
late
d in
clus
ive
of in
tra-re
gion
al tr
ade
as th
e su
m o
f im
port
volu
mes
exp
ress
ed in
201
0 U
SD
div
ided
by
the
sum
of t
otal
fina
l exp
endi
ture
exp
ress
ed in
201
0 U
SD
.1.
Fis
cal y
ear.
S
ourc
e: O
EC
D E
cono
mic
Out
look
100
dat
abas
e.
2004
20
10
2005
20
07
2008
20
06
2009
20
16
2018
20
11
2012
20
13
2015
20
14
2017
19
99
2000
20
01
2002
20
03
OECD ECONOMIC OUTLOOK, VOLUME 2016 ISSUE 2 © OECD 2016 – PRELIMINARY VERSION 323
Page 66
STATISTICAL ANNEX
An
nex
Tabl
e56
.S
har
esin
wor
ldex
por
tsan
dim
por
ts
1 2
htt
p://
dx.d
oi.o
rg/1
0.17
87/8
8893
3438
563
Per
cent
age,
val
ue o
f goo
ds a
nd s
ervi
ces,
nat
iona
l acc
ount
s ba
sis
A. E
xpor
tsC
anad
a4.
0
4.2
4.
1
3.8
3.
6
3.4
3.
4
3.2
2.
9
2.7
2.
5
2.5
2.
5
2.5
2.
4
2.4
2.
3
2.3
2.
3
2.3
Fr
ance
5.5
5.
0
5.1
5.
1
5.2
4.
9
4.6
4.
3
4.3
4.
1
4.2
3.
7
3.6
3.
4
3.5
3.
5
3.5
3.
6
3.5
3.
5
Ger
man
y8.
4
7.7
8.
3
8.6
8.
9
8.9
8.
5
8.5
8.
7
8.4
8.
3
7.7
7.
6
7.3
7.
4
7.6
7.
5
7.8
7.
7
7.6
Ita
ly4.
1
3.8
4.
0
3.9
4.
0
3.9
3.
6
3.5
3.
5
3.3
3.
1
2.9
2.
8
2.7
2.
7
2.7
2.
6
2.7
2.
7
2.7
Ja
pan
6.4
6.
6
5.8
5.
7
5.6
5.
5
5.2
4.
8
4.5
4.
4
4.1
4.
5
4.1
3.
9
3.5
3.
5
3.5
3.
7
3.7
3.
7
Uni
ted
Kin
gdom
5.6
5.
2
5.3
5.
3
5.2
5.
0
4.9
4.
9
4.5
4.
0
4.0
3.
7
3.6
3.
5
3.5
3.
6
3.7
3.
6
3.6
3.
8
Uni
ted
Sta
tes
14.2
14
.1
13.6
12
.6
11.3
10
.6
10.3
10
.1
9.8
9.
5
10.2
10
.0
9.5
9.
8
9.9
10
.1
10.9
11
.0
11.2
11
.2
Tota
l of s
mal
ler c
ount
ries
27.5
26
.9
27.5
27
.8
28.3
28
.4
27.8
27
.5
27.9
27
.9
28.3
27
.3
27.0
26
.4
26.7
26
.8
26.9
27
.4
27.2
27
.4
Tota
l OE
CD
75.8
73
.4
73.6
72
.9
72.0
70
.6
68.2
66
.8
66.2
64
.3
64.6
62
.3
60.6
59
.5
59.6
60
.1
61.0
62
.1
61.9
62
.1
Chi
na2.
8
3.2
3.
6
4.2
4.
9
5.4
6.
1
6.8
7.
4
7.7
8.
0
8.6
9.
1
9.7
10
.2
10.8
11
.6
11.1
10
.8
10.8
O
ther
indu
stria
lised
Asi
a111
.8
12.5
11
.9
12.0
11
.6
11.6
11
.8
11.8
11
.6
11.4
12
.1
13.0
12
.8
13.0
13
.0
13.0
13
.5
13.7
13
.8
13.8
B
razi
l0.
8
0.9
0.
9
0.9
0.
9
1.0
1.
1
1.1
1.
1
1.2
1.
2
1.3
1.
4
1.3
1.
2
1.2
1.
1
1.2
1.
2
1.2
R
ussi
a1.
2
1.5
1.
5
1.5
1.
6
1.8
2.
1
2.3
2.
3
2.7
2.
2
2.4
2.
6
2.6
2.
6
2.4
1.
9
1.9
2.
0
2.0
O
ther
oil
prod
ucer
s3.
4
4.4
4.
2
4.2
4.
5
5.0
6.
2
6.6
6.
6
7.6
6.
6
7.0
8.
0
8.3
7.
9
7.2
5.
6
4.9
4.
9
4.8
R
est o
f the
wor
ld4.
2
4.1
4.
3
4.3
4.
4
4.5
4.
6
4.7
4.
8
5.2
5.
4
5.4
5.
5
5.5
5.
5
5.3
5.
3
5.3
5.
3
5.3
To
tal n
on-O
EC
D24
.2
26.6
26
.4
27.1
28
.0
29.4
31
.8
33.2
33
.8
35.7
35
.4
37.7
39
.4
40.5
40
.4
39.9
39
.0
37.9
38
.1
37.9
B. I
mpo
rts
Can
ada
3.7
3.
7
3.5
3.
4
3.2
3.
0
3.1
3.
0
2.8
2.
6
2.7
2.
7
2.6
2.
7
2.6
2.
5
2.6
2.
5
2.5
2.
4
Fran
ce5.
1
4.8
4.
9
4.9
5.
0
4.8
4.
7
4.5
4.
6
4.4
4.
5
4.0
4.
0
3.8
3.
8
3.8
3.
7
3.8
3.
8
3.8
G
erm
any
8.3
7.
7
7.8
7.
5
8.0
7.
7
7.4
7.
5
7.5
7.
3
7.3
6.
9
6.9
6.
5
6.6
6.
6
6.5
6.
6
6.5
6.
4
Italy
3.8
3.
7
3.8
3.
8
3.9
3.
8
3.7
3.
7
3.7
3.
5
3.3
3.
2
3.0
2.
6
2.5
2.
5
2.4
2.
4
2.4
2.
4
Japa
n5.
5
5.7
5.
4
5.0
4.
8
4.7
4.
7
4.5
4.
2
4.4
4.
1
4.2
4.
4
4.5
4.
2
4.2
3.
8
3.7
3.
6
3.5
U
nite
d K
ingd
om6.
0
5.6
5.
8
6.0
5.
8
5.7
5.
5
5.5
5.
0
4.5
4.
4
4.1
3.
9
3.9
3.
9
3.9
4.
1
4.0
4.
0
4.1
U
nite
d S
tate
s18
.0
18.9
18
.4
18.1
16
.9
16.3
16
.2
15.6
14
.3
13.4
13
.0
13.0
12
.4
12.6
12
.4
12.6
13
.6
13.7
14
.1
14.3
To
tal o
f sm
alle
r cou
ntrie
s26
.7
26.0
26
.1
26.5
27
.2
27.3
27
.2
27.1
27
.9
27.9
27
.3
26.4
26
.4
25.5
25
.5
25.5
25
.2
25.6
25
.5
25.7
To
tal O
EC
D77
.2
76.0
75
.7
75.2
74
.7
73.4
72
.4
71.4
70
.0
68.0
66
.5
64.7
63
.7
62.1
61
.5
61.7
61
.9
62.4
62
.4
62.7
C
hina
2.4
2.
9
3.2
3.
7
4.5
5.
0
5.2
5.
4
5.7
6.
0
6.7
7.
6
8.4
8.
9
9.5
9.
9
10.0
9.
8
9.6
9.
5
Oth
er in
dust
rialis
ed A
sia1
10.9
11
.7
11.0
11
.1
10.7
11
.0
11.2
11
.2
11.0
11
.3
11.7
12
.8
12.8
13
.2
13.1
12
.9
13.1
13
.0
13.2
13
.2
Bra
zil
1.0
1.
0
1.1
0.
9
0.8
0.
8
0.8
0.
9
1.0
1.
2
1.2
1.
4
1.5
1.
5
1.5
1.
5
1.3
1.
2
1.1
1.
1
Rus
sia
0.7
0.
8
1.0
1.
1
1.1
1.
2
1.3
1.
4
1.7
1.
9
1.6
1.
7
1.9
2.
0
2.1
1.
9
1.4
1.
5
1.6
1.
5
Oth
er o
il pr
oduc
ers
2.8
2.
8
3.1
3.
2
3.3
3.
4
3.8
4.
1
4.6
5.
1
5.7
5.
3
5.1
5.
5
5.5
5.
6
5.7
5.
5
5.4
5.
3
Res
t of t
he w
orld
5.1
4.
8
5.0
4.
8
4.9
5.
1
5.3
5.
5
6.0
6.
6
6.5
6.
5
6.6
6.
8
6.8
6.
6
6.7
6.
6
6.7
6.
6
Tota
l non
-OE
CD
22.8
24
.0
24.3
24
.8
25.3
26
.6
27.6
28
.6
30.0
32
.0
33.5
35
.3
36.3
37
.9
38.5
38
.3
38.1
37
.6
37.6
37
.3
Not
e: R
egio
nal a
ggre
gate
s ar
e ca
lcul
ated
incl
usiv
e of
intra
-regi
onal
trad
e.1.
Chi
nese
Tai
pei,
Hon
g K
ong
- Chi
na, I
ndia
, Ind
ones
ia, M
alay
sia,
Phi
lippi
nes,
Sin
gapo
re, T
haila
nd a
nd V
ietn
am.
S
ourc
e: O
EC
D E
cono
mic
Out
look
100
dat
abas
e.
1999
20
06
2007
20
02
2003
20
05
2000
20
01
2004
20
08
2009
20
18
2010
20
17
2014
20
11
2015
20
12
2013
20
16
OECD ECONOMIC OUTLOOK, VOLUME 2016 ISSUE 2 © OECD 2016 – PRELIMINARY VERSION324
Page 67
STATISTICAL ANNEX
An
nex
Tabl
e57
.G
eogr
aph
ical
stru
ctu
reof
wor
ldtr
ade
grow
th
1 2
htt
p://
dx.d
oi.o
rg/1
0.17
87/8
8893
3438
576
Ave
rage
of e
xpor
t and
impo
rt vo
lum
es
A. T
rade
gro
wth
To
tal O
EC
D6.
3
12.1
0.
3
2.3
3.
2
8.7
6.
3
8.3
6.
2
1.2
-1
1.5
11
.4
6.0
2.
1
2.4
4.
2
4.3
2.
3
3.4
3.
7
of w
hich
:O
EC
D A
mer
ica1
7.5
11
.0
-3.6
1.
6
2.8
9.
9
6.1
6.
7
4.9
0.
5
-12.
1
12.8
6.
3
3.1
2.
2
4.3
2.
8
0.9
3.
7
4.3
OE
CD
Eur
ope
5.7
12
.5
2.6
1.
8
2.5
7.
4
6.4
9.
1
6.3
1.
0
-11.
1
9.9
5.
6
1.3
2.
5
4.0
5.
6
3.2
3.
4
3.6
O
EC
D A
sia
and
Pac
ific2
6.5
12
.7
-2.2
6.
2
7.3
11
.8
5.8
8.
1
7.7
3.
0
-12.
3
15.3
7.
0
3.5
2.
5
4.8
2.
1
0.9
2.
8
2.9
Tota
l non
-OE
CD
0.7
12
.9
1.6
7.
0
12.5
15
.9
11.6
11
.7
11.3
7.
5
-8.4
14
.4
9.5
4.
9
5.0
3.
4
-0.3
1.
1
2.0
2.
4
of w
hich
:C
hina
16.9
26
.1
7.6
25
.7
30.2
23
.9
18.1
21
.2
17.2
7.
9
-4.3
21
.7
15.0
6.
6
10.0
8.
0
0.8
3.
1
2.2
2.
7
Oth
er in
dust
rialis
ed A
sia3
1.9
17
.9
-3.8
7.
7
10.0
17
.1
11.4
10
.8
7.7
7.
2
-9.5
17
.4
7.8
4.
2
3.7
3.
2
-0.5
0.
6
2.7
2.
9
Bra
zil
-5.7
12
.5
5.9
-2
.9
6.2
12
.1
10.2
9.
7
11.0
7.
1
-8.0
22
.2
7.9
0.
0
5.0
-1
.0
-4.9
-1
.9
2.4
3.
2
Rus
sia
3.0
14
.8
8.1
11
.6
14.0
15
.4
9.8
12
.3
13.9
6.
6
-16.
4
14.2
8.
7
5.2
4.
1
-3.3
-9
.8
-1.7
2.
8
3.0
Oth
er o
il pr
oduc
ers
-4.6
4.
0
3.5
1.
0
11.2
11
.6
11.2
7.
6
11.1
8.
2
-6.4
3.
7
6.9
5.
9
2.2
1.
7
-0.1
-0
.3
0.6
1.
3
Res
t of t
he w
orld
-0.8
7.
0
4.2
2.
3
7.2
12
.4
7.4
8.
8
11.8
7.
4
-10.
2
9.4
9.
3
3.7
3.
8
1.8
2.
3
1.5
1.
2
1.4
Wor
ld4.
8
12.3
0.
6
3.5
5.
8
10.8
7.
9
9.4
7.
8
3.3
-1
0.4
12
.5
7.3
3.
1
3.4
3.
9
2.6
1.
9
2.9
3.
2
Tota
l OE
CD
4.6
8.
9
0.2
1.
6
2.3
6.
1
4.3
5.
7
4.2
0.
8
-7.5
7.
3
3.8
1.
3
1.5
2.
6
2.7
1.
5
2.2
2.
3
of w
hich
:O
EC
D A
mer
ica1
1.5
2.
2
-0.7
0.
3
0.5
1.
8
1.1
1.
2
0.9
0.
1
-2.0
2.
1
1.0
0.
5
0.4
0.
7
0.5
0.
1
0.6
0.
7
OE
CD
Eur
ope
2.5
5.
5
1.2
0.
8
1.1
3.
2
2.7
3.
7
2.6
0.
4
-4.3
3.
8
2.1
0.
5
0.9
1.
5
2.0
1.
2
1.3
1.
4
OE
CD
Asi
a an
d P
acifi
c20.
6
1.1
-0
.2
0.5
0.
6
1.1
0.
5
0.7
0.
7
0.3
-1
.1
1.3
0.
6
0.3
0.
2
0.4
0.
2
0.1
0.
2
0.3
Tota
l non
-OE
CD
0.2
3.
4
0.4
1.
9
3.5
4.
7
3.6
3.
7
3.7
2.
5
-3.0
5.
2
3.5
1.
8
1.9
1.
3
-0.1
0.
4
0.7
0.
9
of w
hich
:C
hina
0.4
0.
7
0.2
0.
8
1.1
1.
1
0.9
1.
2
1.1
0.
5
-0.3
1.
6
1.2
0.
6
0.9
0.
8
0.1
0.
3
0.2
0.
3
Oth
er in
dust
rialis
ed A
sia3
0.2
1.
8
-0.4
0.
8
1.0
1.
8
1.3
1.
3
0.9
0.
9
-1.2
2.
2
1.0
0.
5
0.5
0.
4
-0.1
0.
1
0.3
0.
4
Bra
zil
-0.1
0.
1
0.1
0.
0
0.1
0.
1
0.1
0.
1
0.1
0.
1
-0.1
0.
3
0.1
0.
0
0.1
0.
0
-0.1
0.
0
0.0
0.
0
Rus
sia
0.0
0.
2
0.1
0.
2
0.2
0.
3
0.2
0.
2
0.3
0.
1
-0.4
0.
3
0.2
0.
1
0.1
-0
.1
-0.2
0.
0
0.0
0.
1
Oth
er o
il pr
oduc
ers
-0.3
0.
2
0.2
0.
1
0.6
0.
7
0.7
0.
5
0.7
0.
5
-0.4
0.
2
0.4
0.
4
0.1
0.
1
0.0
0.
0
0.0
0.
1
Res
t of t
he w
orld
0.0
0.
4
0.2
0.
1
0.4
0.
7
0.4
0.
5
0.7
0.
4
-0.6
0.
6
0.6
0.
2
0.2
0.
1
0.1
0.
1
0.1
0.
1
Wor
ld4.
8
12.3
0.
6
3.5
5.
8
10.8
7.
9
9.4
7.
8
3.3
-1
0.4
12
.5
7.3
3.
1
3.4
3.
9
2.6
1.
9
2.9
3.
2
Not
e: R
egio
nal a
ggre
gate
s ar
e ca
lcul
ated
incl
usiv
e of
intra
-regi
onal
trad
e as
the
sum
of v
olum
es e
xpre
ssed
in 2
010
US
D.
1. C
anad
a, C
hile
, Mex
ico
and
the
Uni
ted
Sta
tes.
2. A
ustra
lia, J
apan
, Kor
ea a
nd N
ew Z
eala
nd.
3. C
hine
se T
aipe
i, H
ong
Kon
g - C
hina
, Ind
ia, I
ndon
esia
, Mal
aysi
a, P
hilip
pine
s, S
inga
pore
, Tha
iland
and
Vie
tnam
.
Sou
rce:
OE
CD
Eco
nom
ic O
utlo
ok 1
00 d
atab
ase.
2004
20
00
Per
cent
age
chan
ges
from
pre
viou
s pe
riod
2017
20
13
2014
20
15
B. C
ontr
ibut
ion
to w
orld
trad
e
gro
wth
Per
cent
age
poin
ts
2008
20
09
2010
20
11
2012
20
16
2018
20
05
2006
20
07
2002
20
01
1999
20
03
OECD ECONOMIC OUTLOOK, VOLUME 2016 ISSUE 2 © OECD 2016 – PRELIMINARY VERSION 325
Page 68
STATISTICAL ANNEX
An
nex
Tabl
e58
.Tr
ade
bala
nce
sfo
rgo
ods
and
serv
ices 1
2 h
ttp:
//dx
.doi
.org
/10.
1787
/888
9334
3858
1
US
D b
illion
, nat
iona
l acc
ount
s ba
sis
Arg
entin
a-4
.5
-1.5
3.
8
15.2
14
.6
11.6
11
.8
13.1
12
.6
13.6
17
.0
12.3
9.
0
11.3
-0
.3
2.1
-5
.2
-3.6
-5
.4
-10.
7
Aus
tralia
-10.
1
-4.3
2.
1
-4.7
-1
4.3
-1
9.2
-1
4.8
-1
2.3
-2
2.7
-1
4.2
-9
.9
6.6
12
.9
-22.
9
-10.
2
-9.0
-2
7.4
-2
2.1
-1
0.4
-3
.7
Aus
tria
1.0
2.
6
3.3
7.
7
7.0
8.
6
9.5
11
.9
16.3
17
.9
12.2
13
.2
11.1
10
.8
11.1
14
.7
15.4
14
.0
13.5
14
.2
Bel
gium
10.0
5.
8
8.1
14
.4
16.8
17
.7
13.9
15
.0
18.0
3.
0
11.2
8.
7
2.7
3.
1
6.0
4.
9
7.6
12
.5
13.2
13
.5
Bra
zil
-11.
1
-14.
7
-12.
7
2.8
12
.6
22.8
30
.4
30.0
18
.8
-3.6
-7
.4
-22.
9
-20.
2
-33.
3
-57.
2
-65.
9
-25.
2
13.4
19
.8
24.0
C
anad
a24
.1
41.6
41
.8
32.8
34
.1
44.9
45
.6
35.2
30
.5
28.3
-2
0.3
-3
0.9
-2
1.6
-3
5.9
-2
8.9
-1
6.8
-3
6.0
-4
0.4
-3
2.5
-2
5.9
C
hile
1.7
1.
4
1.2
1.
6
3.1
9.
3
10.5
22
.1
22.9
4.
5
13.4
14
.0
7.8
-0
.6
-2.2
2.
3
-0.5
2.
0
2.4
3.
3
Chi
na30
.6
28.8
28
.1
37.4
35
.8
51.2
12
4.6
20
8.9
30
8.0
34
8.8
22
0.1
22
3.0
18
1.9
23
1.8
23
5.4
26
2.7
38
4.6
28
9.2
30
5.1
32
7.0
C
olom
bia
-1.5
-0
.9
-3.1
-3
.3
-3.2
-2
.7
-2.8
-4
.7
-6.7
-6
.0
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-5
.3
-4.1
-6
.6
-9.7
-2
0.2
-2
7.7
-2
4.8
-2
3.9
-2
2.7
C
osta
Ric
a-0
.3
-0.1
0.
0
-0.3
-0
.3
-0.1
-0
.4
-0.7
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-2.7
-0
.1
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-1
.6
-1.8
-1
.5
-1.4
-0
.8
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-1
.0
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C
zech
Rep
ublic
-0.3
-1
.1
-0.8
-1
.1
-1.2
1.
0
3.2
4.
3
4.7
5.
2
8.2
6.
4
8.7
10
.0
12.1
13
.3
11.4
14
.8
14.3
15
.3
Den
mar
k10
.7
10.9
11
.8
12.3
14
.9
14.2
14
.6
11.5
9.
3
12.5
14
.6
22.4
22
.0
19.7
22
.7
24.5
22
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19.9
20
.1
22.0
E
ston
ia-0
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-0.2
-0
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-0
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.0
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1.
0
1.2
1.
3
0.4
0.
5
0.9
0.
9
0.7
0.
8
0.9
Fi
nlan
d12
.1
11.5
11
.9
12.5
11
.1
12.2
7.
9
9.0
12
.3
10.5
5.
1
3.1
-2
.3
-3.7
-2
.4
-2.6
-1
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-1.8
-1
.3
-1.2
Fr
ance
33.3
15
.0
17.8
24
.9
20.1
13
.4
-8.3
-1
9.5
-3
4.9
-5
1.7
-3
8.5
-4
8.6
-7
3.0
-5
7.9
-5
3.8
-5
7.2
-3
3.5
-3
7.0
-4
2.8
-4
5.9
G
erm
any
14.7
5.
8
35.2
92
.7
92.9
13
9.6
14
3.7
16
0.3
23
1.6
22
4.3
16
9.7
17
4.6
18
0.6
21
7.0
22
6.5
25
4.6
25
3.3
27
7.3
27
6.8
28
2.4
G
reec
e-1
3.1
-1
5.0
-1
4.2
-1
5.6
-2
2.3
-2
0.2
-2
1.1
-2
9.5
-3
9.7
-4
4.7
-3
2.2
-2
5.9
-2
0.1
-1
1.1
-6
.7
-5.9
-0
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-2
.5
-1.4
H
unga
ry-1
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-0
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.5
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1.
0
0.5
5.
4
7.0
8.
6
8.6
9.
4
9.6
10
.8
13.7
13
.1
11.9
Ic
elan
d-0
.4
-0.6
-0
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0.1
-0
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.0
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.0
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1.
2
1.4
1.
2
0.9
1.
2
1.1
1.
3
0.9
0.
8
1.0
In
dia1
-8.8
-4
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2.6
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3.0
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0.0
-5
0.0
-6
2.0
-7
4.2
-7
4.7
-1
18.9
-1
23.2
-5
6.4
-6
0.8
-5
2.6
-2
0.2
-2
5.7
-3
1.7
In
done
sia
13.5
17
.2
12.7
11
.5
16.7
10
.8
10.3
18
.3
15.6
2.
6
14.5
14
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22.3
-3
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-7.8
-7
.0
2.1
5.
6
3.0
0.
9
Irela
nd13
.1
13.1
17
.2
22.3
25
.1
28.3
22
.8
18.4
22
.7
24.0
32
.2
37.0
44
.2
38.2
44
.7
45.8
89
.9
86.1
92
.1
97.3
Is
rael
-2.9
0.
0
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-3
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0.
3
0.1
0.
6
-1.2
-0
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6.0
5.
1
1.6
0.
5
6.6
5.
6
9.0
8.
2
5.4
4.
9
Italy
22.0
9.
5
14.5
9.
7
7.4
9.
9
-1.9
-1
6.6
-8
.3
-18.
4
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3
-42.
3
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3
20.4
49
.1
61.3
55
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67.8
71
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76.1
Ja
pan
70.6
68
.6
26.6
53
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71.7
91
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64.6
54
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73.6
8.
3
18.8
68
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8
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-145
.0
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3
19.0
29
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45.4
K
orea
27.7
11
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8.3
9.
0
13.8
29
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21.9
8.
0
12.7
-2
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41.4
34
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17.9
34
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64.9
74
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96.1
10
4.4
98
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105.
0
Latv
ia-0
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0.0
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Li
thua
nia
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0.
4
0.6
0.
9
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0.
2
0.0
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Luxe
mbo
urg
5.3
5.
5
4.8
5.
6
6.7
8.
2
9.1
12
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16.1
16
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15.1
16
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18.3
16
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18.9
20
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18.7
19
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20.5
22
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Mex
ico
-1.6
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0.4
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0.1
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3.2
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2.4
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2.0
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6.5
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4.2
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3.0
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2.5
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4.6
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3.5
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1.5
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4.0
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3.7
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6.7
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6.7
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9.1
N
ethe
rland
s23
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26.8
28
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31.9
39
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51.3
58
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63.5
74
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81.0
63
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70.2
76
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79.8
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95.3
80
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83
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82.5
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ew Z
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1
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2
1.8
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7
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8
3.4
3.
5
0.8
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8
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1.
0
1.1
0.
9
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N
orw
ay11
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28.7
29
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25.8
29
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34.9
49
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58.5
54
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80.0
44
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48.3
64
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65.9
55
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44.6
21
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1.5
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P
olan
d-9
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9
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3
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3
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5
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2
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1
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4
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5
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7
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2
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4
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6
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9
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0
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5
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3
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5
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6
3.1
R
ussi
a33
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52.3
39
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37.7
49
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73.2
10
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12
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11
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15
6.6
93
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1
165.
4
146.
3
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1
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1
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4
73.7
87
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1
Slo
vak
Rep
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3.
4
4.2
3.
6
2.1
3.
1
3.4
4.
2
Slo
veni
a-1
.0
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0.2
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0.0
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0.
9
0.7
0.
9
2.0
2.
7
3.7
3.
9
4.5
4.
5
4.8
S
outh
Afri
ca3.
5
3.9
4.
9
4.4
4.
1
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1.
3
4.7
3.
5
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-8
.8
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0.6
-0
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S
pain
-12.
2
-17.
9
-14.
7
-14.
5
-20.
3
-41.
3
-57.
7
-74.
9
-88.
9
-84.
9
-17.
6
-18.
6
-3.8
19
.6
44.3
33
.1
29.2
34
.5
32.5
33
.6
Sw
eden
16.4
15
.2
14.9
16
.8
21.2
29
.0
28.0
31
.9
34.1
32
.3
24.8
26
.8
26.5
26
.8
26.2
25
.0
23.7
21
.2
21.2
22
.5
Sw
itzer
land
13.9
16
.6
15.6
20
.6
23.7
35
.1
29.7
36
.8
54.3
59
.1
41.8
62
.6
58.8
69
.7
83.2
83
.5
78.7
70
.8
72.4
73
.4
Turk
ey0.
8
-8.1
7.
5
3.7
-3
.1
-10.
4
-16.
9
-26.
1
-33.
8
-33.
7
-7.1
-4
0.9
-6
7.7
-4
0.8
-5
3.9
-3
3.8
-2
0.9
-2
3.5
-2
4.7
-2
7.1
U
nite
d K
ingd
om-2
6.2
-3
0.9
-3
7.6
-4
9.6
-4
9.8
-6
4.8
-6
6.4
-6
6.6
-7
9.9
-8
7.0
-5
3.3
-6
5.9
-4
3.2
-5
9.2
-6
1.8
-5
9.6
-5
9.1
-5
9.2
-5
8.1
-5
6.8
U
nite
d S
tate
s-2
56.6
-3
75.8
-3
68.7
-4
26.5
-5
03.7
-6
19.2
-7
21.2
-7
71.0
-7
18.5
-7
23.1
-3
95.5
-5
12.7
-5
80.0
-5
65.6
-4
92.0
-5
08.8
-5
22.0
-4
84.2
-5
42.3
-6
40.5
E
uro
area
93.8
47
.7
96.7
17
7.4
16
9.2
20
7.1
15
2.9
12
4.7
19
1.7
14
2.3
18
9.4
17
0.4
18
8.3
33
6.1
43
9.0
47
3.0
52
3.7
56
4.2
56
8.1
58
6.2
To
tal O
EC
D-3
7.9
-1
93.7
-1
68.8
-1
48.4
-2
10.0
-2
41.7
-4
20.4
-5
11.9
-4
01.2
-5
41.0
-9
1.0
-1
94.5
-3
66.5
-2
82.1
-6
6.5
-2
0.5
84
.1
202.
0
166.
5
121.
4
1. F
isca
l yea
r.
Sou
rce:
OE
CD
Eco
nom
ic O
utlo
ok 1
00 d
atab
ase.
2004
20
09
2011
20
05
2013
20
07
1999
20
00
2001
20
02
2003
20
17
2006
20
10
2008
20
14
2016
20
18
2015
20
12
OECD ECONOMIC OUTLOOK, VOLUME 2016 ISSUE 2 © OECD 2016 – PRELIMINARY VERSION326
Page 69
STATISTICAL ANNEX
An
nex
Tabl
e59
.B
alan
ceof
pri
mar
yin
com
e
1 2
htt
p://
dx.d
oi.o
rg/1
0.17
87/8
8893
3438
598
US
D b
illion
Arg
entin
a-7
.5
-7.5
-7
.7
-7.6
-8
.0
-9.4
-7
.5
-6.3
-6
.1
-7.7
-9
.1
-13.
9
-13.
9
-12.
9
-12.
3
-10.
8
-11.
3
-10.
3
-9.9
-9
.9
Aus
tralia
-11.
9
-11.
1
-10.
3
-11.
6
-15.
1
-22.
0
-28.
0
-32.
5
-41.
1
-37.
8
-38.
0
-49.
3
-54.
8
-40.
8
-38.
6
-32.
6
-29.
1
-20.
6
-22.
0
-22.
0
Aus
tria
-1.7
-1
.2
-2.0
-0
.2
0.4
0.
6
0.2
0.
8
-0.4
3.
6
-0.2
3.
3
1.4
0.
5
1.3
0.
8
-2.0
1.
5
1.1
1.
1
Bel
gium
6.4
6.
0
4.2
4.
1
6.1
5.
0
4.5
4.
8
6.3
10
.4
-2.6
8.
9
5.7
11
.4
7.3
2.
8
-1.0
-1
.6
1.1
1.
1
Bra
zil
-18.
5
-17.
5
-19.
3
-17.
7
-18.
1
-20.
1
-25.
6
-27.
0
-29.
0
-41.
8
-35.
0
-67.
1
-70.
5
-54.
3
-32.
5
-52.
2
-42.
4
-38.
1
-41.
8
-48.
0
Can
ada
-23.
5
-23.
4
-26.
5
-20.
7
-23.
5
-21.
1
-22.
3
-15.
6
-17.
4
-23.
4
-17.
3
-23.
4
-24.
4
-25.
6
-25.
3
-21.
4
-10.
5
-10.
3
-10.
3
-10.
5
Chi
le-2
.3
-3.0
-2
.6
-2.9
-4
.5
-7.8
-1
0.4
-1
8.4
-1
8.9
-1
3.6
-1
1.4
-1
4.7
-1
3.9
-1
1.0
-1
0.2
-7
.5
-6.1
-7
.0
-7.2
-7
.2
Chi
na-1
4.5
-1
4.7
-1
9.2
-1
4.9
-1
0.2
-5
.1
-16.
1
-5.1
8.
0
28.6
-8
.5
-25.
9
-70.
3
-19.
9
-78.
4
13.3
-4
5.4
-2
0.2
-2
1.0
-2
1.0
C
olom
bia
-1.3
-2
.2
-2.4
-2
.6
-3.2
-4
.1
-5.3
-5
.7
-7.8
-9
.6
-8.4
-1
1.2
-1
5.5
-1
5.0
-1
4.2
-1
2.6
-5
.8
-4.5
-4
.4
-4.4
C
osta
Ric
a0.
5
0.7
0.
7
0.7
0.
8
0.9
1.
1
1.4
1.
7
2.2
2.
7
3.1
3.
8
4.0
4.
6
4.5
4.
6
5.2
5.
0
5.0
C
zech
Rep
ublic
-1.4
-1
.4
-2.2
-3
.5
-4.3
-6
.1
-5.4
-7
.3
-12.
6
-8.8
-1
1.3
-1
3.1
-1
2.8
-1
2.2
-1
2.7
-1
2.6
-9
.9
-10.
3
-11.
3
-11.
7
Den
mar
k-2
.5
-3.5
-3
.5
-2.6
-2
.4
-2.0
2.
1
3.4
1.
6
4.0
3.
2
5.3
7.
3
7.4
10
.9
12.7
10
.1
10.9
11
.7
11.4
E
ston
ia-0
.1
-0.2
-0
.3
-0.3
-0
.5
-0.6
-0
.5
-0.8
-1
.5
-1.3
-0
.6
-1.0
-1
.2
-0.9
-0
.6
-0.7
-0
.5
-0.5
-0
.6
-0.7
Fi
nlan
d-2
.0
-1.7
-1
.0
-0.6
-2
.6
0.8
0.
2
0.8
-0
.8
-1.9
1.
6
2.3
0.
3
0.1
0.
3
1.6
1.
3
2.0
2.
2
2.2
Fr
ance
31.4
24
.3
24.9
14
.2
23.7
28
.4
39.0
48
.5
55.0
64
.4
61.3
70
.6
80.4
60
.2
65.2
63
.2
57.7
44
.4
52.1
52
.1
Ger
man
y-1
9.1
-1
3.3
-1
5.5
-2
4.5
-2
2.2
19
.9
24.7
50
.7
50.6
37
.4
77.2
65
.2
97.4
84
.2
84.6
83
.3
73.2
73
.3
72.9
75
.1
Gre
ece
-0.9
-1
.1
-2.0
0.
5
-1.4
-2
.1
-3.3
-5
.3
-9.0
-1
1.1
-9
.4
-7.7
-9
.1
1.0
-0
.6
1.9
1.
1
2.6
2.
7
2.7
H
unga
ry-2
.9
-2.6
-2
.8
-3.6
-4
.1
-5.0
-5
.4
-5.7
-9
.0
-9.8
-6
.0
-6.1
-6
.8
-5.4
-3
.6
-5.9
-5
.6
-4.0
-3
.5
-3.2
Ic
elan
d-0
.2
-0.3
-0
.3
0.0
-0
.2
-0.6
-0
.7
-1.1
-1
.0
-3.7
-2
.4
-2.1
-1
.8
-1.3
-0
.2
-0.3
-0
.1
-0.1
-0
.2
-0.1
In
dia1
-3.6
-5
.1
-4.2
-3
.5
-4.4
-5
.0
-5.7
-7
.4
-5.2
-7
.0
-8.1
-1
7.8
-1
6.0
-2
1.5
-2
3.0
-2
4.1
-2
4.4
-2
7.8
-3
2.8
-3
5.9
In
done
sia
..
..
..
.
. .
. -1
0.8
-1
2.8
-1
3.7
-1
5.3
-1
5.0
-1
5.0
-2
0.7
-2
6.5
-2
6.6
-2
7.1
-2
9.7
-2
8.2
-3
0.5
-3
0.3
-3
0.3
Ire
land
-14.
4
-14.
2
-17.
1
-23.
1
-25.
7
-29.
1
-32.
3
-32.
0
-40.
6
-39.
4
-40.
6
-36.
1
-46.
1
-41.
3
-35.
9
-38.
1
-57.
6
-51.
8
-59.
2
-63.
0
Isra
el-5
.1
-8.3
-5
.5
-4.6
-4
.7
-4.1
-1
.4
-0.7
-0
.2
-4.3
-5
.1
-5.2
-3
.5
-6.9
-5
.8
-3.5
-4
.3
-4.7
-4
.6
-4.6
Ita
ly-1
.6
-4.3
-3
.0
-5.4
-7
.5
-3.1
3.
1
8.1
1.
1
-21.
6
-3.5
-5
.2
-7.4
-3
.9
-4.0
-0
.5
-1.0
4.
5
0.0
0.
0
Japa
n57
.1
71.7
67
.1
62.2
75
.0
96.2
10
9.1
12
3.4
13
9.1
13
8.9
13
5.2
15
6.4
18
4.9
17
5.2
18
1.4
18
4.2
17
0.5
16
4.9
16
3.7
16
4.5
K
orea
-5.4
-4
.0
-3.5
-2
.2
-2.5
-1
.3
-7.3
-4
.0
-3.4
-1
.2
-2.4
0.
5
6.6
12
.1
9.1
4.
2
5.9
3.
4
5.9
5.
7
Latv
ia
..
0.0
0.
0
0.0
0.
0
-0.3
-0
.2
-0.6
-1
.2
-0.9
1.
6
0.2
0.
0
-0.2
-0
.1
0.0
-0
.1
-0.2
-0
.3
-0.3
Li
thua
nia
..
..
..
.
. .
. -0
.5
-0.4
-0
.7
-1.6
-1
.7
0.7
-0
.7
-1.6
-1
.4
-1.1
-0
.7
-1.7
-1
.7
-1.6
-1
.4
Luxe
mbo
urg
-0.8
-1
.6
-1.9
-3
.7
-5.3
-3
.7
-4.7
-7
.9
-11.
1
-13.
7
-11.
3
-11.
4
-12.
8
-13.
0
-15.
3
-19.
0
-17.
7
-17.
6
-17.
7
-18.
7
Mex
ico
-12.
0
-13.
8
-13.
0
-12.
2
-12.
2
-10.
0
-16.
5
-19.
4
-22.
9
-20.
3
-15.
2
-13.
3
-21.
0
-25.
8
-40.
7
-33.
9
-33.
3
-36.
8
-32.
1
-30.
4
Net
herla
nds
0.5
-1
1.4
-6
.9
-5.7
-6
.9
9.3
1.
5
17.3
0.
6
-17.
3
-4.3
2.
9
15.8
20
.0
10.4
0.
5
-2.6
-1
1.0
-1
3.3
-1
3.3
N
ew Z
eala
nd-3
.2
-3.2
-2
.8
-3.1
-3
.9
-5.4
-6
.9
-7.5
-9
.4
-10.
1
-5.7
-6
.8
-7.9
-7
.3
-7.4
-8
.2
-6.6
-5
.8
-6.5
-6
.5
Nor
way
-1.3
-2
.3
0.2
0.
6
1.4
0.
5
3.3
0.
3
-1.1
-2
.7
2.4
4.
5
4.7
4.
2
5.5
21
.5
19.6
19
.6
19.6
19
.6
Pol
and
-0.9
-0
.5
-0.4
-0
.8
-2.2
-8
.1
-5.1
-7
.2
-13.
1
-10.
2
-12.
7
-15.
6
-17.
1
-15.
6
-15.
9
-18.
6
-16.
6
-17.
5
-16.
5
-16.
1
Por
tuga
l-0
.7
-2.0
-2
.7
-1.8
-1
.6
-1.9
-2
.8
-6.1
-7
.3
-8.7
-9
.3
-7.6
-6
.5
-5.5
-2
.8
-4.1
-4
.5
-4.1
-3
.3
-3.3
R
ussi
a-8
.0
-6.8
-3
.9
-6.5
-1
3.4
-1
3.5
-1
8.2
-2
8.0
-2
8.2
-4
6.0
-3
9.6
-4
7.0
-6
1.0
-6
8.3
-7
9.5
-6
8.7
-3
7.3
-3
2.5
-2
8.7
-3
0.2
S
lova
k R
epub
lic-0
.2
-0.3
-0
.2
-0.4
-1
.5
-1.9
-1
.7
-2.2
-3
.0
-2.8
-0
.8
-2.5
-3
.3
-1.6
-0
.9
-2.2
-2
.0
-2.9
-2
.6
-2.6
S
love
nia
0.1
0.
0
0.1
-0
.1
-0.2
-0
.4
-0.3
-0
.5
-1.1
-1
.5
-0.7
-0
.5
-0.4
-0
.3
-0.3
-0
.2
-1.1
-0
.5
-0.4
-0
.4
Sou
th A
frica
-3.2
-3
.2
-3.8
-2
.8
-4.6
-4
.3
-4.9
-5
.2
-9.8
-9
.1
-6.7
-8
.0
-10.
7
-10.
8
-9.6
-9
.4
-7.9
-9
.6
-10.
0
-10.
1
Spa
in-6
.0
-3.9
-8
.2
-7.4
-6
.9
-9.3
-1
6.6
-2
1.4
-3
6.5
-4
4.7
-2
6.7
-2
0.1
-2
5.5
-9
.1
-7.0
-4
.5
-0.7
-2
.3
-6.0
-5
.8
Sw
eden
-1.9
-1
.1
-1.1
-0
.8
5.7
1.
9
5.4
11
.7
16.2
19
.1
11.3
14
.4
12.8
13
.6
12.9
12
.4
11.2
10
.0
8.6
8.
6
Sw
itzer
land
18.2
19
.5
12.2
9.
7
25.0
26
.4
35.2
33
.4
4.0
-3
5.0
10
.7
35.2
8.
0
14.2
16
.2
6.3
15
.9
8.6
9.
1
10.1
Tu
rkey
-3.5
-4
.0
-5.0
-4
.6
-5.6
-5
.6
-5.8
-6
.7
-7.1
-8
.4
-8.3
-7
.2
-7.9
-6
.6
-8.6
-8
.1
-9.5
-8
.5
-8.8
-8
.8
Uni
ted
Kin
gdom
-1.0
10
.8
16.2
28
.6
33.9
43
.2
59.6
30
.1
32.8
12
.1
9.5
31
.2
31.6
-3
.5
-16.
4
-38.
9
-56.
2
-52.
6
-38.
4
-35.
2
Uni
ted
Sta
tes
11.9
19
.2
29.7
25
.2
42.8
64
.1
67.6
43
.3
100.
6
146.
1
123.
6
177.
7
221.
0
215.
8
219.
0
224.
0
182.
4
162.
9
171.
8
171.
8
Eur
o ar
ea-9
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8
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6
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5
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2
11.7
10
.9
54.1
1.
1
-49.
1
31.8
61
.4
88.8
10
1.6
10
1.6
84
.7
42.6
35
.9
28.7
26
.2
Tota
l OE
CD
-0.8
14
.0
14.5
-1
.3
46.2
14
4.7
17
8.1
17
3.7
13
8.1
82
.0
191.
8
329.
7
393.
5
382.
1
371.
1
358.
3
270.
3
237.
9
257.
8
261.
5
1. F
isca
l yea
r.
Sou
rce:
OE
CD
Eco
nom
ic O
utlo
ok 1
00 d
atab
ase.
2004
20
09
2011
20
05
2013
20
07
1999
20
00
2001
20
02
2003
20
17
2006
20
10
2008
20
14
2016
20
18
2015
20
12
OECD ECONOMIC OUTLOOK, VOLUME 2016 ISSUE 2 © OECD 2016 – PRELIMINARY VERSION 327
Page 70
STATISTICAL ANNEX
An
nex
Tabl
e60
.B
alan
ceof
seco
nd
ary
inco
me
1 2
htt
p://
dx.d
oi.o
rg/1
0.17
87/8
8893
3438
600
US
D b
illion
Arg
entin
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5
0.4
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4
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5
0.6
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5
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4
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0.
0
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ustra
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2
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3
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2
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ustri
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elgi
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B
razi
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7
1.5
1.
6
2.4
2.
9
3.2
3.
6
4.3
4.
0
4.2
3.
3
2.9
3.
0
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3.
7
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2.
7
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3.
8
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anad
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2
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4
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C
hile
0.6
0.
6
0.4
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6
0.6
1.
1
1.8
3.
4
3.1
2.
9
1.6
4.
4
2.9
2.
1
2.1
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8
1.8
1.
6
1.6
1.
7
Chi
na4.
9
6.3
8.
5
13.0
17
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22.9
23
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28.1
37
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43.2
31
.7
40.7
24
.5
3.4
-8
.7
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-8
.7
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C
olom
bia
1.5
1.
7
2.4
2.
7
3.3
3.
7
4.1
4.
7
5.2
5.
5
4.6
4.
4
4.8
4.
6
4.7
4.
5
5.1
5.
7
5.9
6.
2
Cos
ta R
ica
0.1
0.
1
0.2
0.
2
0.2
0.
2
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0.
3
0.5
0.
4
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4
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4
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0.
4
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4
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4
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ch R
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6
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0.
5
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6
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5
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0.
0
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D
enm
ark
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.5
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-5
.6
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-6
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Est
onia
0.1
0.
1
0.1
0.
1
0.1
0.
1
0.0
0.
0
0.1
0.
1
0.1
0.
1
0.2
0.
1
0.0
0.
0
0.0
0.
0
0.0
0.
0
Finl
and
-0.8
-0
.6
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-0
.8
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-1
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-1
.8
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.5
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.7
-2.7
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.2
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.3
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.3
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.4
Fran
ce-1
8.7
-2
1.2
-2
2.0
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4.1
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1.5
-3
6.8
-3
9.0
-3
9.6
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5.2
-4
9.9
-5
0.9
-4
9.6
-5
2.0
-5
5.3
-5
9.2
-6
2.5
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5.6
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6.7
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4.7
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4.7
G
erm
any
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4
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6
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0
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3
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2
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4
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7
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7
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7
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2
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9
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6
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4
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8
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6
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1
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0
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2
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3
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6
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ece
6.6
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4
3.5
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2
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1
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5
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0
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0.
1
Hun
gary
0.4
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4
0.4
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5
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and
0.0
0.
0
0.0
0.
0
0.0
0.
0
0.0
0.
0
0.0
0.
0
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Indi
a112
.6
13.1
15
.8
16.8
22
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20.7
24
.6
30.0
41
.8
45.0
52
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53.3
63
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64.0
65
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62
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59.1
67
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76.0
In
done
sia
..
..
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.
. .
. 1.
1
4.8
4.
9
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4
4.6
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6
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1
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2
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5.
0
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5.
4
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nd-1
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Is
rael
6.2
6.
6
6.7
6.
9
6.5
6.
2
6.1
7.
4
7.3
8.
1
7.2
8.
2
8.7
8.
0
9.0
9.
7
9.2
9.
1
9.1
9.
2
Italy
-5.7
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.6
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3.8
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7.4
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0.5
-2
4.6
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6.4
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5.7
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6.5
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6.8
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5.1
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3.9
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1.0
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6.2
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6.4
-1
6.3
-1
6.3
Ja
pan
-10.
8
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6
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6
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1
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9
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7
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2
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2
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2
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1
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9
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7
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2
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2
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ea0.
8
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-4
.4
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.2
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.7
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tvia
..
0.
2
0.1
0.
3
0.5
0.
7
0.5
0.
4
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0.
5
0.6
0.
6
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0.
5
0.4
0.
0
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3
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3
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uani
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..
..
..
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0.4
0.
4
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0.
8
0.8
0.
7
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0
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1.
3
1.5
1.
0
1.2
1.
6
1.6
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xem
bour
g-0
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0.
2
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0.
1
0.1
0.
3
0.2
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0.2
0.
1
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0.
4
0.5
1.
0
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0.
6
0.4
M
exic
o6.
3
7.0
9.
3
10.3
15
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18.8
22
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25.9
26
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25.5
21
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21.5
23
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21
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22.9
24
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26.2
25
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27.1
N
ethe
rland
s-6
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0.4
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0
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1
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2
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5
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7
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4
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9
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5
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8
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7
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4
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2
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7
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9
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9
New
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land
0.2
0.
2
0.1
0.
1
0.2
0.
1
0.2
0.
4
0.4
0.
7
0.3
0.
0
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Nor
way
-1.4
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.2
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.8
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Pol
and
0.3
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0.6
1.
3
2.2
0.
7
0.2
0.
7
1.1
1.
4
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-0
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1.1
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-0
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-0.9
-0
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Por
tuga
l2.
5
2.1
2.
2
1.4
1.
1
1.5
0.
7
0.9
1.
5
1.5
0.
2
0.3
0.
8
1.3
2.
0
1.7
1.
7
1.6
1.
7
1.7
R
ussi
a0.
6
0.1
-0
.8
-0.7
-0
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-0.9
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-2.5
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.5
-6.9
-5
.5
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-5
.8
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-9
.1
-8.3
-5
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-2.8
-1
.5
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S
lova
k R
epub
lic-0
.1
-0.1
-0
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-0
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-0
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.6
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-0.7
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.1
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S
love
nia
0.2
0.
1
0.1
0.
1
0.0
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Sou
th A
frica
-0.9
-0
.9
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.7
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.8
Spa
in-2
.4
-4.2
-4
.7
-4.9
-8
.6
-9.6
-1
2.7
-1
8.0
-1
8.3
-2
2.7
-2
0.6
-1
7.7
-1
9.1
-1
4.7
-1
7.1
-1
4.7
-1
2.0
-1
0.0
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.9
-10.
4
Sw
eden
-3.2
-3
.1
-3.1
-3
.6
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.9
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-9
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.9
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3
-11.
6
-11.
1
-11.
2
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-6
.3
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-5
.1
Sw
itzer
land
-3.2
-3
.0
-4.1
-4
.7
-4.0
-4
.3
-8.7
-6
.7
-6.4
-9
.4
-8.6
-8
.7
-8.9
-8
.7
-13.
0
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4
-13.
2
-12.
1
-12.
5
-12.
7
Turk
ey4.
9
4.8
3.
0
2.4
1.
0
1.1
1.
5
1.9
2.
2
2.1
2.
4
1.5
1.
8
1.4
1.
2
1.2
1.
3
2.2
2.
6
2.9
U
nite
d K
ingd
om-1
2.7
-1
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1
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7
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3
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4
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4
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0
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5
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7
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0
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7
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7
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0
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1
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6
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9
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5
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7
Uni
ted
Sta
tes
-48.
8
-57.
4
-63.
5
-64.
3
-70.
2
-88.
0
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8
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3
-113
.9
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.2
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.0
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.5
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.0
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-135
.0
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.5
Eur
o ar
ea-6
4.3
-6
1.1
-6
2.9
-7
1.7
-9
7.6
-1
17.6
-1
32.8
-1
43.5
-1
66.2
-1
85.7
-1
82.7
-1
80.4
-1
81.9
-1
79.3
-1
93.1
-1
88.9
-1
45.9
-1
22.7
-1
28.3
-1
30.7
To
tal O
EC
D-1
27.3
-1
35.0
-1
36.2
-1
48.2
-1
85.5
-2
28.5
-2
59.8
-2
56.6
-3
11.7
-3
47.0
-3
46.1
-3
56.5
-3
72.6
-3
68.2
-3
85.8
-3
94.9
-3
54.2
-3
25.8
-3
17.6
-3
11.3
1. F
isca
l yea
r.
Sou
rce:
OE
CD
Eco
nom
ic O
utlo
ok 1
00 d
atab
ase.
2004
20
09
2011
20
05
2013
20
07
1999
20
00
2001
20
02
2003
20
17
2006
20
10
2008
20
14
2016
20
18
2015
20
12
OECD ECONOMIC OUTLOOK, VOLUME 2016 ISSUE 2 © OECD 2016 – PRELIMINARY VERSION328
Page 71
STATISTICAL ANNEX
An
nex
Tabl
e61
.C
urr
ent
acco
un
tba
lan
ces
1 2
htt
p://
dx.d
oi.o
rg/1
0.17
87/8
8893
3438
616
US
D b
illion
Arg
entin
a-1
1.9
-9
.0
-3.8
8.
7
8.1
3.
1
5.1
7.
6
7.2
6.
6
8.2
-1
.5
-4.5
-1
.4
-12.
1
-8.0
-1
5.9
-1
3.8
-1
7.3
-2
2.7
A
ustra
lia-2
1.8
-1
5.5
-8
.0
-16.
0
-29.
3
-41.
3
-43.
3
-45.
3
-64.
0
-52.
3
-48.
8
-44.
3
-44.
1
-65.
9
-50.
7
-43.
3
-58.
0
-43.
8
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5
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way
8.9
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24
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Rep
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wed
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11
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40
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26
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31
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30
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25
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24.3
24
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32.0
22
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25.7
44
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57.9
55
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62.0
48
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13.6
41
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86.9
53
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78
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63.6
74
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60.9
61
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63.6
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rkey
-0.9
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3.8
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4.2
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1.4
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1.8
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7.8
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0.2
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2.0
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5.3
-7
5.0
-4
8.0
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3.6
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3.6
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2.2
-3
3.2
-3
4.4
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6.6
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nite
d K
ingd
om-3
9.9
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5.2
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-3
5.0
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3.5
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2.0
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0.2
-5
9.9
-7
5.1
-1
01.3
-6
8.6
-6
6.7
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6.3
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7.5
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nite
d S
tate
s-2
95.5
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58.1
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21.3
-6
33.8
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45.4
-8
06.7
-7
18.6
-6
90.8
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84.0
-4
42.0
-4
60.4
-4
46.5
-3
66.4
-3
92.1
-4
63.0
-4
62.6
-4
95.5
-5
91.2
E
uro
area
23.7
-4
4.7
-6
.5
45.3
29
.5
108.
2
43.5
47
.3
41.7
-8
4.1
49
.1
55.2
10
7.6
27
8.7
37
0.0
39
9.2
44
5.6
48
5.2
47
4.2
48
6.9
To
tal O
EC
D-1
80.6
-3
29.1
-3
00.9
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04.1
-3
30.4
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04.7
-4
81.8
-5
68.0
-5
33.3
-7
71.0
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29.1
-1
96.5
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99.1
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-9
.2
11.6
67
.2
137.
8
130.
3
94.6
Not
e: B
alan
ce-o
f-pay
men
ts d
ata
in th
is ta
ble
are
base
d on
the
conc
epts
and
def
initi
on o
f the
Inte
rnat
iona
l Mon
etar
y Fu
nd, F
ifth
and
Six
th B
alan
ce o
f Pay
men
ts M
anua
l.1.
Fis
cal y
ear.
S
ourc
e: O
EC
D E
cono
mic
Out
look
100
dat
abas
e.
2004
20
09
2011
20
05
2013
20
07
1999
20
00
2001
20
02
2003
20
17
2006
20
10
2008
20
14
2016
20
18
2015
20
12
OECD ECONOMIC OUTLOOK, VOLUME 2016 ISSUE 2 © OECD 2016 – PRELIMINARY VERSION 329
Page 72
STATISTICAL ANNEX
An
nex
Tabl
e62
.C
urr
ent
acco
un
tba
lan
ces
asa
per
cen
tage
ofG
DP
1 2
htt
p://
dx.d
oi.o
rg/1
0.17
87/8
8893
3438
620
Arg
entin
a-3
.9
-2.9
-1
.3
8.2
5.
8
1.8
2.
5
3.3
2.
5
1.8
2.
4
-0.4
-0
.9
-0.2
-2
.0
-1.4
-2
.5
-2.5
-2
.7
-2.9
A
ustra
lia-5
.3
-3.8
-2
.1
-3.7
-5
.4
-6.3
-5
.9
-5.8
-6
.7
-4.8
-4
.7
-3.5
-2
.9
-4.2
-3
.4
-3.0
-4
.8
-3.5
-2
.5
-1.9
A
ustri
a-2
.0
-0.9
-1
.0
3.2
2.
0
2.6
2.
6
3.3
3.
8
4.5
2.
6
2.9
1.
6
1.5
2.
0
2.4
1.
8
2.7
2.
2
2.2
B
elgi
um4.
4
3.5
2.
9
4.0
3.
5
3.3
2.
1
1.9
2.
0
-1.0
-1
.1
1.8
-1
.1
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-0
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0.
4
0.8
1.
4
1.4
B
razi
l-4
.3
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0.
7
1.7
1.
5
1.2
0.
1
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.9
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.9
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C
anad
a0.
1
2.5
2.
1
1.7
1.
1
2.3
1.
8
1.4
0.
8
0.1
-2
.9
-3.6
-2
.8
-3.6
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.2
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-3
.2
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-2
.9
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C
hile
0.0
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.3
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-1
.0
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2.
6
1.5
4.
6
4.1
-3
.4
2.0
1.
7
-1.2
-3
.5
-3.6
-1
.2
-2.0
-1
.4
-1.2
-0
.8
Chi
na1.
9
1.7
1.
3
2.4
2.
6
3.5
5.
8
8.4
9.
9
9.1
4.
8
3.9
1.
8
2.5
1.
5
2.7
3.
0
2.4
2.
4
2.4
C
olom
bia
0.7
0.
8
-1.1
-1
.4
-1.0
-0
.7
-1.3
-1
.8
-2.9
-2
.7
-2.0
-3
.0
-2.9
-3
.0
-3.2
-5
.2
-6.4
-4
.8
-4.2
-3
.5
Cos
ta R
ica
-4.5
-4
.6
-3.8
-5
.2
-5.1
-4
.3
-4.9
-4
.5
-6.2
-9
.1
-1.8
-3
.2
-5.3
-5
.2
-4.9
-4
.8
-4.3
-2
.6
-3.0
-3
.5
Cze
ch R
epub
lic-2
.3
-4.4
-4
.9
-5.1
-5
.7
-4.2
-0
.9
-2.1
-4
.3
-1.9
-2
.3
-3.6
-2
.1
-1.6
-0
.5
0.2
0.
9
2.3
1.
4
1.7
D
enm
ark
1.9
1.
6
2.5
2.
8
3.4
2.
3
4.2
3.
3
1.4
2.
9
3.5
6.
6
6.6
6.
3
7.8
8.
9
9.2
8.
8
8.8
8.
9
Est
onia
-4.3
-5
.4
-7.1
-1
1.1
-1
2.9
-1
2.0
-8
.7
-15.
0
-15.
0
-8.7
2.
5
1.8
1.
3
-2.0
-0
.4
0.9
2.
2
0.9
0.
7
0.8
Fi
nlan
d5.
2
7.5
8.
1
8.2
4.
6
5.8
3.
0
3.8
3.
8
2.2
1.
9
1.2
-1
.8
-1.9
-1
.6
-1.1
-0
.4
-0.7
-0
.6
-0.6
Fr
ance
3.4
1.
2
1.5
1.
2
0.9
0.
4
0.0
0.
0
-0.3
-1
.0
-0.8
-0
.8
-1.0
-1
.2
-0.9
-1
.1
-0.2
-1
.0
-0.8
-0
.9
Ger
man
y-1
.5
-1.8
-0
.3
2.0
1.
4
4.4
4.
5
5.7
6.
8
5.5
5.
6
5.4
6.
0
7.1
6.
8
7.4
8.
5
9.2
8.
8
8.7
G
reec
e-4
.4
-8.5
-7
.9
-6.8
-8
.4
-7.7
-8
.9
-11.
5
-15.
2
-15.
1
-12.
3
-11.
4
-10.
0
-3.8
-2
.0
-1.6
0.
1
-1.0
-0
.6
-0.1
H
unga
ry-7
.9
-8.5
-5
.9
-6.3
-8
.0
-8.5
-7
.0
-7.0
-7
.1
-7.1
-0
.8
0.3
0.
7
1.7
3.
8
2.1
3.
4
6.8
6.
7
5.7
Ic
elan
d-7
.2
-10.
3
-4.3
1.
2
-5.0
-9
.9
-15.
9
-23.
2
-13.
7
-22.
7
-9.9
-6
.6
-5.3
-4
.0
6.0
4.
0
5.1
3.
5
2.3
2.
9
Indi
a1-1
.1
-0.6
0.
7
1.3
2.
3
-0.5
-1
.3
-1.0
-1
.3
-2.2
-2
.8
-2.9
-4
.3
-4.8
-1
.7
-1.3
-1
.1
-0.8
-0
.9
-0.9
In
done
sia
3.4
4.
5
3.9
3.
7
3.1
0.
6
0.1
2.
7
2.2
0.
0
1.8
0.
7
0.2
-2
.7
-3.1
-3
.1
-2.1
-1
.8
-1.8
-1
.9
Irela
nd0.
2
-0.4
-0
.6
-1.0
0.
5
-0.1
-3
.5
-5.4
-6
.5
-6.2
-4
.7
-1.2
-1
.6
-2.6
2.
1
1.7
10
.2
9.5
9.
7
9.6
Is
rael
-1.3
-1
.5
-1.5
-0
.9
0.6
1.
5
3.1
4.
3
3.5
1.
0
3.5
3.
6
2.2
0.
5
3.6
3.
9
4.4
4.
0
3.0
2.
7
Italy
1.1
0.
0
0.5
-0
.3
-0.6
-0
.4
-0.9
-1
.6
-1.5
-2
.9
-1.9
-3
.4
-3.0
-0
.4
0.9
1.
9
2.2
3.
0
3.0
3.
2
Japa
n2.
6
2.8
2.
1
2.7
3.
2
3.9
3.
7
4.0
4.
9
3.0
2.
9
4.0
2.
2
1.0
0.
9
0.8
3.
3
3.8
3.
8
4.1
K
orea
4.4
1.
9
0.5
0.
8
1.7
3.
9
1.4
0.
3
1.1
0.
6
3.8
2.
7
1.6
4.
1
6.2
6.
0
7.7
7.
1
6.4
6.
5
Latv
ia
..
-4.7
-7
.5
-6.5
-7
.8
-12.
3
-11.
8
-20.
9
-20.
8
-12.
3
7.8
2.
0
-3.2
-3
.6
-2.7
-2
.0
-0.8
0.
7
-0.2
-1
.0
Lith
uani
a
..
..
..
..
..
-7.6
-7
.2
-10.
5
-15.
0
-13.
3
2.1
-0
.3
-3.9
-1
.2
1.5
3.
6
-2.3
-0
.2
0.0
0.
2
Luxe
mbo
urg
6.8
11
.5
7.1
9.
5
6.6
11
.9
11.1
10
.0
9.8
7.
7
7.3
6.
7
6.1
5.
9
5.6
5.
1
5.2
4.
5
4.7
4.
8
Mex
ico
-2.4
-2
.7
-2.5
-2
.0
-1.2
-0
.9
-1.0
-0
.8
-1.4
-1
.9
-1.0
-0
.5
-1.2
-1
.4
-2.5
-2
.0
-2.9
-3
.5
-3.4
-3
.1
Net
herla
nds
3.6
1.
9
2.4
2.
5
5.2
7.
6
7.1
9.
2
7.0
5.
0
5.5
7.
0
8.7
10
.4
9.9
8.
9
8.7
8.
1
7.7
7.
4
New
Zea
land
-4.9
-3
.2
-0.8
-2
.2
-2.4
-4
.6
-7.1
-7
.1
-6.8
-7
.7
-2.3
-2
.2
-2.8
-3
.9
-3.1
-3
.2
-3.3
-2
.8
-2.9
-2
.7
Nor
way
5.5
14
.7
15.8
12
.3
12.1
12
.4
16.5
16
.3
12.4
15
.8
10.8
11
.0
12.5
12
.6
10.4
12
.1
8.7
4.
6
4.6
4.
7
Pol
and
-7.8
-6
.3
-3.2
-2
.9
-2.6
-5
.5
-2.6
-4
.0
-6.4
-6
.6
-4.0
-5
.4
-5.2
-3
.7
-1.3
-2
.1
-0.6
-0
.6
-0.5
-0
.5
Por
tuga
l-8
.9
-10.
8
-10.
4
-8.5
-7
.2
-8.3
-9
.9
-10.
7
-9.7
-1
2.1
-1
0.4
-1
0.1
-6
.0
-1.8
1.
5
0.1
0.
4
0.1
0.
5
0.7
R
ussi
a10
.9
16.5
10
.1
7.5
7.
3
9.2
10
.4
9.0
5.
3
5.8
3.
7
4.3
4.
8
3.3
1.
5
2.8
5.
2
3.0
4.
2
5.2
S
lova
k R
epub
lic-4
.7
-3.4
-8
.1
-7.7
-5
.8
-7.6
-8
.3
-7.7
-5
.2
-6.2
-3
.4
-4.7
-5
.0
0.9
2.
0
0.1
-1
.3
-1.4
-0
.7
0.3
S
love
nia
-4.0
-3
.2
0.0
0.
9
-0.8
-2
.7
-1.8
-1
.8
-4.1
-5
.3
-0.6
-0
.1
0.2
2.
6
4.8
6.
2
5.2
7.
5
7.7
8.
0
Sou
th A
frica
-0.5
-0
.1
0.3
0.
9
-0.8
-2
.8
-3.1
-4
.5
-5.4
-5
.5
-2.7
-1
.5
-2.2
-5
.1
-5.9
-5
.3
-4.3
-4
.0
-4.2
-4
.3
Spa
in-3
.3
-4.4
-4
.4
-3.7
-3
.9
-5.6
-7
.5
-9.0
-9
.6
-9.3
-4
.3
-3.9
-3
.2
-0.2
1.
5
1.1
1.
4
2.1
1.
7
1.7
S
wed
en3.
9
4.0
4.
7
4.5
5.
9
6.0
6.
1
8.2
8.
2
7.8
6.
0
6.0
5.
6
5.6
5.
3
4.6
5.
2
4.8
4.
8
4.9
S
witz
erla
nd10
.7
11.7
8.
0
8.4
12
.7
14.7
13
.5
14.4
10
.2
2.4
7.
5
14.9
7.
7
10.3
11
.5
9.1
11
.1
9.2
9.
2
9.2
Tu
rkey
-0.6
-3
.8
2.0
-0
.4
-2.5
-3
.6
-4.4
-6
.0
-5.8
-5
.4
-1.9
-6
.1
-9.6
-6
.1
-7.7
-5
.5
-4.4
-4
.6
-4.7
-4
.5
Uni
ted
Kin
gdom
-2.4
-2
.1
-1.9
-2
.0
-1.7
-1
.8
-1.2
-2
.2
-2.4
-3
.5
-3.0
-2
.7
-1.8
-3
.7
-4.4
-4
.7
-5.4
-5
.4
-4.8
-4
.4
Uni
ted
Sta
tes
-3.1
-4
.0
-3.7
-4
.2
-4.5
-5
.2
-5.7
-5
.8
-5.0
-4
.7
-2.7
-3
.0
-3.0
-2
.8
-2.2
-2
.3
-2.6
-2
.5
-2.6
-2
.9
Eur
o ar
ea0.
3
-0.7
-0
.1
0.6
0.
3
1.1
0.
4
0.4
0.
3
-0.6
0.
4
0.4
0.
8
2.2
2.
8
3.0
3.
9
4.1
4.
0
4.0
To
tal O
EC
D-0
.7
-1.2
-1
.1
-1.1
-1
.1
-0.9
-1
.3
-1.5
-1
.2
-1.7
-0
.5
-0.4
-0
.6
-0.4
0.
0
0.0
0.
1
0.3
0.
3
0.2
1. F
isca
l yea
r.
Sou
rce:
OE
CD
Eco
nom
ic O
utlo
ok 1
00 d
atab
ase.
2004
20
09
2011
20
05
2013
20
07
1999
20
00
2001
20
02
2003
20
17
2006
20
10
2008
20
14
2016
20
18
2015
20
12
OECD ECONOMIC OUTLOOK, VOLUME 2016 ISSUE 2 © OECD 2016 – PRELIMINARY VERSION330
Page 73
STATISTICAL ANNEX
An
nex
Tabl
e63
.S
tru
ctu
reof
curr
ent
acco
un
tba
lan
ces
ofm
ajor
wor
ldre
gion
s
1 2
htt
p://
dx.d
oi.o
rg/1
0.17
87/8
8893
3438
639
Goo
ds a
nd s
ervi
ces
trad
e ba
lanc
e1
Tota
l OE
CD
-38
-1
94
-169
-1
48
-210
-2
42
-420
-5
12
-401
-5
41
-91
-1
94
-366
-2
82
-67
-2
0
84
202
16
7
121
C
hina
31
29
28
37
36
51
125
20
9
308
34
9
220
22
3
182
23
2
235
26
3
385
28
9
305
32
7
Oth
er in
dust
rialis
ed A
sia2
72
66
66
83
95
82
86
116
14
0
56
105
84
76
18
61
11
8
153
18
7
183
18
3
Rus
sia
33
52
39
38
50
73
106
12
7
114
15
7
93
125
16
5
146
12
5
135
11
0
74
88
110
B
razi
l-1
1
-15
-1
3
3
13
23
30
30
19
-4
-7
-23
-2
0
-33
-5
7
-66
-2
5
13
20
24
Oth
er o
il pr
oduc
ers
44
129
83
81
11
7
179
31
0
376
35
3
504
15
3
338
65
5
645
58
5
406
-3
-9
9
-88
-9
6
Res
t of t
he w
orld
-57
-5
1
-49
-3
8
-44
-6
4
-85
-1
14
-176
-2
57
-159
-1
76
-212
-2
56
-270
-2
69
-263
-2
50
-261
-2
73
Wor
ld3
74
17
-14
55
56
10
3
152
23
2
357
26
4
315
37
7
480
47
0
611
56
6
441
41
6
414
39
7
Bal
ance
of p
rimar
y in
com
eTo
tal O
EC
D-1
14
15
-1
46
14
5
178
17
4
138
82
19
2
330
39
4
382
37
1
358
27
0
238
25
8
261
C
hina
-14
-1
5
-19
-1
5
-10
-5
-1
6
-5
8
29
-9
-26
-7
0
-20
-7
8
13
-45
-2
0
-21
-2
1
Oth
er in
dust
rialis
ed A
sia2
-6
-9
-5
-9
-6
-21
-3
3
-24
-2
4
-27
-2
9
-45
-4
9
-74
-8
3
-90
-8
0
-76
-8
0
-84
R
ussi
a-8
-7
-4
-7
-1
3
-13
-1
8
-28
-2
8
-46
-4
0
-47
-6
1
-68
-7
9
-69
-3
7
-32
-2
9
-30
B
razi
l-1
8
-17
-1
9
-18
-1
8
-20
-2
6
-27
-2
9
-42
-3
5
-67
-7
0
-54
-3
3
-52
-4
2
-38
-4
2
-48
O
ther
oil
prod
ucer
s4
-4
-7
-1
6
-22
-2
8
-42
-2
1
-29
-5
6
-44
-6
9
-87
-8
9
-82
-7
7
-75
-7
5
-76
-7
6
Res
t of t
he w
orld
-28
-3
3
-33
-3
3
-41
-4
9
-54
-5
9
-74
-8
2
-73
-9
9
-122
-1
24
-124
-1
23
-116
-1
15
-114
-1
14
Wor
ld3
-73
-7
0
-73
-9
9
-65
7
-1
1
9
-38
-1
41
-38
-2
4
-66
-4
7
-109
-3
8
-126
-1
18
-104
-1
12
Bal
ance
of s
econ
dary
inco
me
Tota
l OE
CD
-127
-1
35
-136
-1
48
-185
-2
29
-260
-2
57
-312
-3
47
-346
-3
57
-373
-3
68
-386
-3
95
-354
-3
26
-318
-3
11
Chi
na5
6
8
13
17
23
24
28
37
43
32
41
25
3
-9
1
-9
-4
-2
-2
O
ther
indu
stria
lised
Asi
a213
14
16
18
26
25
36
44
56
70
68
72
84
91
92
95
89
84
91
10
0
Rus
sia
1
0
-1
-1
0
-1
-2
-2
-5
-7
-6
-6
-6
-6
-9
-8
-6
-3
-2
-2
Bra
zil
2
2
2
2
3
3
4
4
4
4
3
3
3
3
4
3
3
4
4
4
Oth
er o
il pr
oduc
ers
-18
-1
9
-20
-2
0
-19
-1
9
-20
-1
1
-20
-2
8
-38
-4
2
-49
-5
6
-68
-7
4
-76
-7
7
-77
-7
7
Res
t of t
he w
orld
40
45
51
57
67
78
90
103
12
1
139
12
7
138
15
0
157
16
7
170
17
1
171
17
1
171
W
orld
3-8
5
-87
-8
0
-78
-9
1
-120
-1
29
-91
-1
20
-126
-1
59
-151
-1
66
-175
-2
09
-208
-1
82
-150
-1
32
-117
Cur
rent
bal
ance
Tota
l OE
CD
-181
-3
29
-301
-3
04
-330
-3
05
-482
-5
68
-533
-7
71
-229
-1
96
-299
-2
00
-9
12
67
138
13
0
95
Chi
na21
20
17
35
43
69
13
2
232
35
3
421
24
3
238
13
6
215
14
8
277
33
1
265
28
3
304
O
ther
indu
stria
lised
Asi
a259
47
60
78
10
4
77
69
122
15
6
84
135
10
0
101
15
56
11
4
153
15
8
138
14
1
Rus
sia
22
46
33
28
33
58
85
95
74
105
50
70
96
71
33
55
68
38
57
78
B
razi
l-2
6
-25
-2
4
-8
4
11
14
13
0
-31
-2
6
-76
-7
7
-74
-7
5
-104
-5
9
-19
-1
8
-20
O
ther
oil
prod
ucer
s30
11
9
60
43
81
145
29
6
384
34
6
458
87
23
8
498
50
6
425
23
1
-139
-2
19
-212
-2
18
Res
t of t
he w
orld
-41
-3
4
-26
-5
-9
-2
5
-40
-6
1
-110
-1
82
-85
-1
06
-147
-1
81
-183
-1
58
-158
-1
45
-158
-1
69
Wor
ld3
-115
-1
56
-179
-1
33
-74
31
75
21
7
286
83
17
4
268
30
8
352
39
6
428
26
3
216
22
1
211
Not
e:
1. N
atio
nal-a
ccou
nts
basi
s fo
r OE
CD
cou
ntrie
s an
d ba
lanc
e-of
-pay
men
ts b
asis
for t
he n
on-O
EC
D re
gion
s.
2.C
hine
se T
aipe
i, H
ong
Kon
g - C
hina
, Ind
ia, I
ndon
esia
, Mal
aysi
a, P
hilip
pine
s, S
inga
pore
, Tha
iland
and
Vie
tnam
.3. S
ourc
e:
OE
CD
Eco
nom
ic O
utlo
ok 1
00 d
atab
ase.
US
D b
illio
n
2014
20
05
2010
20
08
2011
20
13
2007
Ref
lect
s st
atis
tical
err
ors
and
asym
met
ries.
Giv
en th
e ve
ry la
rge
gros
s flo
ws
of w
orld
bal
ance
-of-p
aym
ents
tran
sact
ions
, sta
tistic
al e
rror
s an
d as
ymm
etrie
s ea
sily
giv
e ris
e to
wor
ld to
tals
(bal
ance
s) th
at a
re s
igni
fican
tly d
iffer
ent f
rom
zer
o.
2015
20
16
2017
20
18
His
toric
al d
ata
for t
he O
EC
D a
rea
are
aggr
egat
es o
f rep
orte
d ba
lanc
e-of
-pay
men
ts d
ata
of e
ach
indi
vidu
al c
ount
ry. B
ecau
se o
f var
ious
sta
tistic
al p
robl
ems
as w
ell a
s a
larg
e nu
mbe
r of n
on-r
epor
ters
am
ong
non-
OE
CD
cou
ntrie
s, tr
ade
and
curr
ent a
ccou
nt b
alan
ces
estim
ated
on
the
basi
s of
thes
e co
untri
es' o
wn
bala
nce-
of-p
aym
ents
reco
rds
may
diff
er fr
om c
orre
spon
ding
est
imat
es s
how
n in
this
tabl
e.
2009
20
06
2004
20
02
2003
20
12
2001
20
00
1999
OECD ECONOMIC OUTLOOK, VOLUME 2016 ISSUE 2 © OECD 2016 – PRELIMINARY VERSION 331
