STATISTICS OF JEWS - AJC Archives · 1940," prepared by Mr. Moses Moskowitz, a member of the staff...

STATISTICS OF JEWS

STATISTICS OF JEWS

The present article on Statistics of Jews follows, in themain, the arrangement of data developed in previous issuesof the YEAR BOOK.

As will be seen from the list of tables, the article con-sists of five sections, to wit:

A. The Jewish Population of the United StatesB. The Jewish Population of the WorldC. Jewish Immigration to the United StatesD. Jewish Immigration to Other CountriesE. Jewish Immigration to Palestine

Section A has been written by Dr. H. S. Linfield, Directorof the Statistical Bureau of the Synagogue Council ofAmerica. This section is the result of a study of the Jewishpopulation of the United States in 1937, which Dr. Linfieldrecently completed.1

The figures for European countries are those of thelatest official censuses, taken in all cases before the out-break of the present war. These tables do not reflectterritorial changes which have occurred since. The effectof these changes, however, based on latest available esti-mates of reliable authorities, was discussed in the pre-ceding volume in a special note entitled "Changes in theDistribution of the Jewish Population of Europe 1933-1940," prepared by Mr. Moses Moskowitz, a member ofthe staff of the Research Institute on Peace and Post-WarProblems of the American Jewish Committee. In the presentvolume, Mr. Moskowitz has contributed a brief supple-mentary note describing the changes which took placefrom July 1, 1940, to June 22, 1941, the date of the Naziinvasion of Soviet Russia, insofar as reliable informationon these changes is available.

1 For condensed report of this study see H S. Linfield'a "Jewish Communities of theUnited States," AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK, Vol. 42, pp. 215-266.

652 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

LIST OF TABLES

A. The Jewish Population of the United Slates

TABLE PAGE

I: NUMBER OF JEWS OF UNITED STATES. PRINCIPAL COM-MUNITIES AND CONGREGATIONS, BY STATES, 1937. . 656

II: NUMBER OF URBAN PLACES, INCORPORATED AND UNIN-CORPORATED, AND RURAL AREAS, HAVING JEWISHRESIDENTS, BY SIZE OF PLACE, 1937 657

III: NUMBER OF JEWS OF UNITED STATES IN URBAN PLACESAND IN RURAL TERRITORY CLASSIFIED BY SIZE,1937 657

IV: NUMBER OF PRINCIPAL JEWISH COMMUNITIES AND SUB-ORDINATE JEWISH COMMUNITIES, AND NUMBER OFJEWS, CLASSIFIED BY SIZE OF THE JEWISH POPULA-TION, 1937 658

V: NUMBER OF JEWS OF CITY OF NEW YORK AND PERMA-NENT CONGREGATIONS, BY BOROUGHS, 1937 . . . . 658

VI: NUMBER OF JEWS OF UNITED STATES, PRINCIPALCOMMUNITIES, AND CONGREGATIONS, 1850-1937 . . 659

VII: LIST OF CITIES OF UNITED STATES HAVING 1,000 JEWSOR MORE, 1937 660

B. The Jewish Population of the World

VIII: JEWS OF AMERICA, BY GEOGRAPHICAL DIVISIONS ANDCOUNTRIES 667

IX: JEWS OF EUROPE, BY GEOGRAPHICAL DIVISIONS ANDCOUNTRIES 668

X: JEWS OF AFRICA, BY GEOGRAPHICAL DIVISIONS ANDCOUNTRIES 669

XI: JEWS OF ASIA, BY GEOGRAPHICAL DIVISIONS ANDCOUNTRIES 670

XII: JEWS OF AUSTRALASIA, BY COUNTRIES 670XIII: LIST OF COUNTRIES AND THEIR JEWISH POPULATIONS . .671XIV: LIST OF IMPORTANT CITIES AND THEIR JEWISH POPU-

LATIONS 672

C. Jewish Immigration to the United Stales

XV: JEWISH IMMIGRANTS ADMITTED, DEPARTED, DEBARRED,AND DEPORTED, 1940 678

XVI: JEWISH IMMIGRANTS ADMITTED, BY SEX, AGE, CONJU-GAL CONDITION, ETC., 1940 679

XVII: DESTINATION OF JEWISH IMMIGRANTS, BY STATE,1940 680

STATISTICS OF JEWS 653

TABLE PAGE

XVIII: PRINCIPAL COUNTRIES OF LAST RESIDENCE OF JEWISHIMMIGRANTS, 1940 681

XIX: PRINCIPAL COUNTRIES OF LAST RESIDENCE OF JEWISHIMMIGRANTS,, 1941 682

XX: SUMMARY OF JEWISH IMMIGRATION TO THE UNITEDSTATES, 1881-1940 683

XXI: SUMMARY OF JEWISH IMMIGRATION TO THE UNITEDSTATES, 1908-1940 684

XXII: JEWISH IMMIGRANTS DEBARRED AND DEPORTED, 1899-1940 685

D. Jewish Immigration to Other American Countries and Africa

XXIII: JEWISH IMMIGRATION TO CANADA, 1940 689XXIV: SUMMARY OF JEWISH IMMIGRATION TO CANADA, 1901-

1940 690XXV: SUMMARY OF JEWISH IMMIGRATION TO CUBA, 1929-1937 690

XXVI: SUMMARY OF JEWISH IMMIGRATION TO BRAZIL, 1925-1939 691

XXVII: SUMMARY OF JEWISH IMMIGRATION TO URUGUAY, 1927-1938 691

XXVIII: SUMMARY OF JEWISH IMMIGRATION TO ARGENTINA, 1913-1939 692

XXIX: IMMIGRATION TO UNION OF SOUTH AFRICA, 1930-1938. . 692

E. Jewish Immigration to Palestine

XXX: JEWISH IMMIGRATION TO PALESTINE, BY MONTHS, 1940. 696XXXI: JEWISH IMMIGRATION TO PALESTINE, BY CATEGORIES,

1940 697XXXII: PRINCIPAL COUNTRIES OF ORIGIN OF JEWISH IMMI-

GRANTS TO PALESTINE, 1939-1940 697XXXIII: SUMMARY OF JEWISH IMMIGRATION TO PALESTINE, 1917-

1940 698


A. THE JEWISH POPULATION OFTHE UNITED STATES

By H. S. LINFIELD, PH.D.

Director, Statistical Bureau of Synagogue Council

According to the estimates prepared in 1937, a total of4,770,000 Jews reside in the United States. Of these atotal of 4,640,000 reside in 1,000 communities in each ofwhich there is one permanent congregation or more. Inaddition to these residents of independent or principalcommunities, a total of 130,000 Jews reside in cities, vil-lages, or rural areas without permanent congregations.These subordinate communities are dependent for con-gregational services upon neighboring principal commun-ities. The latter have a total of 3,730 congregations. Thisnumber represents an increase of over 19% during theten-year period 1927-1937, compared with an increase ofless than 13% in the number of Jews in the country, bothin the principal and in the subordinate communities.

The Jews of the United States are widely distributed.There are Jews in every state of the Union, and everystate has one principal community or more. Each city of25,000 population or over, in every state, has Jewishresidents. The same is true of cities of 10,000 to 25,000,in many states, and even of cities of 5,000 to 10,000, insome states. In the urban places of the country, number-ing nearly 2,850, 90 of every 100 places have Jewish resi-dents. In the rural incorporated villages of less than2,500, over 30 in every 100 villages have Jewish residents.Finally, in the unincorporated rural areas, numbering45,000, nearly 8 of every 100 areas have Jewish residents.

The proportion of Jews to the total population variesbetween 16.70% in the state of New York and 0.21% inthe state of North Carolina. Jews constitute nearly 11%of the total population of the cities of 100,000 or over inthe country; 2.77% of the total population of cities of25,000 to 100,000; and between 1.22% and 0.63% of thetotal population of the other classes of urban places. The


percentage of Jews to the total rural population is verysmall, being 0.38% of those in rural incorporated, and0.10% of those in rural unincorporated, places.

Of the utmost significance in our communal work is thefollowing: The New York Jewish community has 2,000,000persons, with nearly 1,350 permanent congregations. Inaddition there are

3 communities of over 100,000 Jews each,7 communities of 50,000 to 100,000,

13 of 20,000 to 50,000,35 of 8,000 to 20,000,76 of 2,000 to 8,000 Jews.

But in the case of nearly 850 of the 1,000 principal Jewishcommunities each is composed of 2,000 Jews or less, i. e.,about 500 families; while nearly 260 principal communitieshave less than 100 Jews each. Of the 9,580 subordinatecommunities, 103 have 100 or more Jews each, some havebetween 50 and 100, others between 10 and 50, while thevast majority of places have 10 Jews or less. This dis-tribution has both its weak and strong points, a knowledgeof which is required for intelligent communal planning.

The tables that follow give the distribution and thedensity of the Jews of the country by states, and the num-ber of principal communities and of congregations in eachone (table I); the wide distribution of Jews in urban places,incorporated and unincorporated, and in rural areas, bysize of place (table II); the density of the Jews in urbanplaces and in rural territory, by size of place (table III);the groups of Jewish communities and the number of Jewsin each one, classified according to the size of the Jewishpopulation (table IV); the distribution of the Jews of theCity of New York, by boroughs (table V); the growth ofthe American Jewish community between 1850 and 1937,covering population, principal communities and con-gregations (table VI); and, finally, a list of cities having1,000 Jews or more (table VII).


TABLE I

NUMBER OF JEWS OF UNITED STATES, PRINCIPAL COMMUNITIESAND CONGREGATIONS, BY STATES, 1937

State

UNITED STATES

California

Dist. of Columbia . . .

IdahoIllinois

Louisiana

Massachusetts

Minnesota

New Hampshire

Ohio

South Carolina

Utah

VirginiaWashingtonWest VirginiaWisconsinWyoming

TotalPopula-

tion1940

131,669,275

2 832,961499,261

1,949,3876,907,3871,123,2961,700,242

266,505663,091

1,897,4143 123 72.3

524 8737,897,2413,427,7962,538,2681,801,0282,845,6272,363,880

847,2261,821,2444,316,7215,256,1062,792,3002,183,7963 784 664

559,4561,315,834

110,247491,524

4,160,165531,818

13,479,1423,571,623

641,9356 907 6122,336,4341,089,6849,900,180

713,3461,899,804

642,9612,915,8416,414,824

550 310359,231

2,677,7731,736,1911,901,9743,137,587

250,742

Jews1937

4,770,647

12,1481,8476,510

157,47121,37593,080

6,58718,35021,27623,781

1,138387,330

28.15514,0898,287

17,89414,9429,000

76,124262,945105,20141,728

4,60386,572

1,72914,579

3793,328

267,9701,179

2,206,3287,3332,744

183,5707,371

11,649434,616

27,8135,9051,963

25,81149,196

3,1662,000

25.06618,4227,213

39,917967

Princi-pal

Com-muni-

ties1937

967

132

1131

638

21

1917

12923174

1014158

5724

81612

351

1299

311020

839

73

132g

1527

3729

198

16222

Congre-gations

1937

3,728

204

121012392

6153027

21894426

817212367

18683351861

4121

13236

41,560

24a

1251011

35027193

1860

41034162245

2

P. C.of

Jews19371

3.70

.44

.38

.342.401.955.542.552.991.220.780.234.960.830.560.460.640.6S1.084.316.072.131.530.222 320.311.100.360.696.500.23

16.700.214.212.690.311.114.434.020.320.300.910.790.590.560.961.090.391.300.40

Distri-bution

ofJews1937

100.00

0 250.040.143.310.451.950.140.380.450.500 028.120.590.300.170.380.310.191.605.512.200.8710.101.810.040.300.010.075.620.02

46.250.150.063.850.150.249.110.580.120.040.541.030.070.040.530.390.150.840.02


TABLE IINUMBER OF URBAN PLACES, INCORPORATED AND UNINCOR-

PORATED, AND RURAL AREAS, HAVING JEWISHRESIDENTS, BY SIZE OF PLACE, 1937

Number

TotalPlaces

PlacesHaving

Jews

P. C. ofPlacesHaving

Jews

Urban Places

Incorporated

100,000 and over25,000 to 100,00010,000 to 25,0005,000 to 10,0002,500 to 5,000

Unincorporated (1930 census)

Rural Incorporated PlacesRural Unincorporated Places. . .

Total Incorporated PlacesTotal Unincorporated Places

3,166

3,137

93'277'584851

1,332

128

13,43345,388

2,847

2,824

93'277'568761

1,124

123

4,1063,593

89.92

89.99

100.00100.0097.2689.4284.38

82.14

30.567.91

16,57145,416

6,9303,616

41.827.96

i In the census of 1930, 6 unincorporated places of 25,000 to 100,000 and 22 unin-corporated places of 10,000 to 25,000, formerly regarded as rural, were classified asurban. Among these, each one of the 6 places of 25,000 to 100,000 and 17 places of the10,000 to 25,000 have Jewish residents.

'See note 1.

TABLE IIINUMBER OF JEWS OF UNITED STATES IN URBAN PLACES AND

IN RURAL TERRITORY, CLASSIFIED BY SIZE, 1937

Urban Places:

25 000 to 100 00010,000 to 25,0005,000 to 10,0002,500 to 5,000

Rural Incorporated PlacesRural Unincorporated Places

TotalPopulation

37,456,122

14,170,9929,688,6096,430,7864,927,255

9,292,57746,856,967

Jews

4,096,220

393,129118,55548,32930,964

34,89648,554

P.C.i

10.94

2.771.220.750.63

0.380.10

1 The percentages in this column have been corrected to correspond to the revisedfigures of the total population in 1937, published by the United States Census Bureauin March 1941 (see note to table 1). The percentages given in the writer's article inthe American Jewish Year Book of last year, page 223, are on the basis of the popula-tion census of 1930, and those percentages correspond to those of 1927 which wereon the basis of the 1920 population census.


TABLE IV

NUMBER OF PRINCIPAL JEWISH COMMUNITIES AND SUBORDINATEJEWISH COMMUNITIES AND NUMBER OF JEWS, CLASSIFIED

BY SIZE OF THE JEWISH POPULATION, 1937

Principal Communities ,

500,000 or over500,000-100,000100,000-50,00050,000-20,0002O.O0O-8 0008,000-2 0002,000-500500-100Less than 100 Jews

Subordinate Communities

100 Jews or moreLess than 100 Jews

Principal CommunitiesSubordinate Communities

Number

10,546

967

137

133576

200374258

9,579

1039,476

4,770,647

4,641,184129,463

Distribution

100.00

0.100.310.721.353.627.861

20.68]38.6826.68i

100.00

1.0898.92

100.00

97.292.71

TABLE V

NUMBER OF JEWS OF CITY OF NEW YORK AND PER-MANENT CONGREGATIONS, BY BOROUGHS, 1937

Borough

City of New York.. .

BronxBrooklynManhattanQueensRichmond

TotalPopula-

tion

7,454,995

1,394,7112,698,2851,889,9241,297,634

174,441

Jews

2,035,000

592,185974,765351,037107,855

9,158

Congre-gations

1,330

21656747961

7

Per Centof Jews1

27.84

43.5736.6418.648.725.39

Distri-butionof Jews

100.00

29.1047.9017.255.300.45

1 The percentages in this column, which differ slightly from those given in thewriter's article of last year's American Jewish Year Book, page 225, have been cor-rected to correspond to the revised figure of the total population of the City of NewYork, namely 7,310,744 in place of 7,245,315 (see note to table 1).


i 1900.>1848.

TABLE VI

NUMBER OF JEWS OF UNITED STATES, PRINCIPALCOMMUNITIES, AND CONGREGATIONS, 1850-1937

1850187718971907191719271937

TotalPopulation

23,191,87643,661,96872,106,12088,787,058

103,690,473118,140,645128,823,308

Jews

'50,000250,000937,800

1,776,8853,388,9514,228,0294,770,647

P. C.

0.220.521.312.003.273.583.70

Increasein tenyears

89.4790.7224.7612.83

Princi-pal Com-munities

44174

'336426580871967

Congre-gations

77277

'8501,7691,9013,1183,728


TABLE VII

LIST OF CITIES OF UNITED STATES HAVING 1,000 JEWSOR MORE, 1937

City

TotalPopula-

tion1940

Jews1937 City

TotalPopula-

tion1940

Akron, OhioAlbany.N. YAllentown, PaAltoona, PaAsbury Park, N. JAtlanta, GaAtlantic City, N. JBaltimore, MdBangor, MeBayonne, N. JBeaumont, TexBelvedere Tnsp., Cal..,.Bethlehem, PaBeverly, MassBinghamton, N. YBirmingham, AlaBloomfield, N. JBoston, MassBraddock, PaBridgeport, ConnBrockton, MassBrookline Town. Mass...Buffalo, N.YBurlington, VtCambridge, MassCamden, N. JCanton, OhioCedarhuret, N\ YCharleston, 8. CCharleston, W. VaChattanooga, TennChelsea, MassChester, PaChicago, IIICincinnati, OhioCleveland, OhioCleveland Heights, OhioColumbus, OhioDallas, TexDayton, OhioDenver, ColoDes Moines, laDetroit, MichDuluth.MinnEast Orange, N..IEaston, PaEast St. Louis, 111Elizabeth, N. JElmira, N. YEl Paso, TexErie, PaEvansville, IndEverett, MassFall River, MassFallsbureh Town, N.Y..

244,791130,57796,90480,21414,617

302,28864,094

859,10029,82279,19859,06137,19258,49025,53778,309

267,58341,623

770,81618,326

147,12162,34349,786

575,90127,686

110,879117,536108,401

5,46371,27567,914

128,16341,25959,285

455,610878,33654,992

306,087294,734210,718322,412159,819

1,623,452101,06568,94533,58975,609

109,91245,10696,810

116,95597,06246,784

115,4285,682

8,4009,4003,0001,8001,840

12,00012,80073,000

1,65012,9001,2803,5401,1401,1152,9005,3001,100

118,0001,350

13,7653,9007,750

21,8001,0004,5808,6004,2001,3502,5401,5003,800

21,2602,200

363,00021,80090,00010,1509,250

10,4005,000

18,4004,000

90,0003,7002,1201,8001,150

11,7001,2802,2501,9001,7651,9205,9001,180

Flint, MichFort Wayne, IndFort Worth, TexFreeport, N. Y.Galveston, TexGary, Ind . ,Gloversville, N. YGrand Rapids,- MichGreat Neck N. YHammond, IndHarrisburg, PaHartford, ConnHaverhill, MassHazleton, PaHempstead. N. YHempstead Town, N.YHighland Park, MichHillside Township, N. JHoboken.N. JHolyoke, MassHouston, TexHuntington Town, N. YIndianapolis, IndIrvington, N. JJacksonville, FlaJersey City, N. JJohnstown, PaKansas City, KanKansas City, MoKearny, N. JKingston, N. YKnoxville, TennLakewood Township, N. JLancaster, PaLawrence, MassLawrence, N. YLewiston, MeLincoln, NebLinden, N. JLittle Rock, Ark.Long Beach, CalLong Beach, N. YLong Branch, N. JLos Angeles, CalLouisville, Ky.Lowell, MassLynbrook, N. YLynn, MassMcKeesport, PaMadison, WbMaiden, MassManchester. N. HMaywood, 111Memphis, TennMeriden, Conn

151,543118,410177,66220,41060,862

111,71923,329

164,2926,167

70,18483,893

166,26746,75238,00920,856

259,31850,81018,55650,11553,750

384,51431,768

386,97255,328

173,065301,17366,668

121,458399,17839,46728,589

111,5808,502

61,34584,3233,649

38,59881,98424,11588,039

164,2719,036

17,408,504,277319,077101,38814,55798,12355,35567,44758,01077,68526,648

292,94239,494

STATISTICS OF JEWS

TABLE VII (Continued)

661

City

TotalPopula-

tion1940

172,17228,012

587,472492,370

78,72078,084

3,73767,362

167,402110,34168,68533,180

160,60530,456

494,53758,408

7,454,995429,76031,88337,06778,029

144,33239,71439,89423,652

302,163204,424223,844

35,71781,86461,394

139,65675,79721,711

105,08741,242

1,931,33468,414

671,65949,68437,46923,07373,643

305,39450,74540,478

253,50475,810

110,56834,405

193,042324,975

42,77518,613

105,958

Jews1937

7,5001,200

29,60020,700

1,0502,4001,3509,3004,2004,5203,3004,900

24,7002,0708,7006 400

2,035,00073,0002,2201,9501,2008,5001,8501,9252,0007,4152,100

11,5001,2001,870

10,90024,000

1,1001,2501,5704,860

293,0001,000

52,0001,8303,4002,2003,650

10,7001,8752,250

23,8001,8703,0009,6357,500

23,4001,9001,6001,225

City

TotalPopula-

tion1940

Miami, FlaMiami Beach, FlaMilwaukee, WisMinneapolis, MinnMobile, AlaMontgomery, AlaMonticello, N. YMount Vernon, N. YNashville. TennNew Bedford, MassNew Britain, ConnNew Brunswick, N. JNew Haven, ConnNew London, Conn.New Orleans, LaNew Rochelle, N. YNew York, N. YNewark,N.JNewburgh, N. YNewport News, VaNiagara Falls, k . YNorfolk, VaNorth Bergen Township, N. J.Norwalk, ConnNorwich, ConnOakland, CalOklahoma City, OklaOmaha. NebOrange. N . J

P&ssaic, N. JPateraon, N. JPawtueket, E. I

S ::::::::::::::Perth Amboy, N. JPhiladelphia, PaPhoenix.ArizPittsburgh, PaPittsEeld, MassPlainfield, N. JPort Chester, N. YPortland, MePortland, OrePortsmouth, VaPoughkeepsie, N. Y.Providence, R . IQuincy, MassReading PaRevere, MassRichmond, VaRochester, N. YRock Island, IURockville Center, N. YSacramento, Cal

St. Joseph MoSt. Louis, MoSt. Paul, MinnSalem, MassSalt Lake City, UtahSan Antonio, TexSan Diego, CalSan Francisco, CalSanta Monica, CalSavannah, GaSchenectady, N. YScranton, PaSeattle, WashSheboygan, WisShreveport, LaSioux City, laSomerville, MassSouth Bend, IndSouth Orange. N. JSpokane, WashSpringfield, 111Springfield, MassSpring Valley, N. YStamford, ConnSteubenville, OhioStockton, CalSyracuse, N. YTampa, FlaTerre Haute, IndToledo, OhioTrenton, N. JTroy.N. YTulsa, OklaUnion, N . JUniontown, PaUniversity City, MoUtica.N.YWaco, TexWashington, D. CWaterbury, ConnWaukegan.IUWest Hartford Town, Conn,West New York, N. JWheeling, W. VaWhite Plains, N. YWichita, KanWilkes-Barre, PaWilmington, DelWinthrop, MassWoodbine,N.JWoonsocket, R. IWorcester, MassYonkers.N. YYoungatown, Ohio

75,711816,048287,73641,213

149.934253,854203,341634,53653,50095,99687,549

140,404368,30240,63898,16782,364

102,177101,26813,742

122,00175,503

149,5544,308

47,93837,65154,714

205,967108,391

124,69770,304

142,15756,17321,81933,023

100,51855,982

663,09199,31434,24133,776

40,327114,96686,236

112,50416,7682,111

49,303193,691142,598167,720


B. JEWISH POPULATION OF THE WORLD

The statistics of Jewish population of the various coun-tries of the world given in the preceding volume were com-piled at a time when it was still possible to secure more orless reliable figures for most of the countries. The spreadof Nazi-German domination and the interruption of com-munications resulting from the present war have made itimpossible to secure information on the basis of whichfigures given last year can be revised. For this reason, thetables (VIII-XIV) giving the figures for the Jewish popu-lation of the Americas, Europe, Africa, Asia, and Austral-asia, and of important cities throughout the world, arereprinted in this volume virtually without change. Officialnew figures are available for only two countries, viz., theDominican Republic and Slovakia. The Jewish populationof the Dominican Republic, according to a census con-ducted during 1940, totalled 756; the Jewish population ofSlovakia, numbered 88,951, out of a general total of2,653,564.

The figures of Jewish population published in the pre-ceding volume show that the Jewish population of theworld was approximately fifteen and three-quarter millions;of this total, about nine million were living in Europe, aboutsix hundred thousand in Africa, eight hundred thousandin Asia, twenty-seven thousand in Australasia, and aboutfive million two hundred eighty thousand in America.

Distribution of the Jewish Population onthe European Continent

By MOSES MOSKOWITZ

In an article by the writer in the preceding volume,1 anattempt was made, on the basis of the most reliable infor-mation then available, to analyze the changes in the dis-tribution of the Jewish population of Europe up to July 1,

1 Changes in the Distribution of the Jewish Population in Europe 1933-1940, theAMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK, vol. 42, pp. 593-600.


1940, resulting from Nazi persecution of Jews and fromNazi territorial annexations and conquests. The followingpages present a revised summary of the changes in dis-tribution on the basis of later information; it includesevents up to the Nazi invasion of Russia.

On the date of the invasion, June 22, 1941, half theJewish population on the continent of Europe, estimatedat well over 9,000,000, resided in Russia and Russian-occupied areas, while the other half lived in Germany andin countries and territories occupied or dominated by her.Figures for Russia published in October, 19402 showed atotal Jewish population of 4,600,000 divided as follows:

Old Russia 3,000,000Polish Areas 1,000,000Lithuania (excluding Vilna) 200,000Latvia 100,000Bessarabia 200,000Northern Bukowina 100,000

These figures are given in round numbers and we must,therefore, assume them to be rough approximations. Amore likely figure would be 4,700,000, which would accountfor the Jews in Vilna and Estonia as well as for the addi-tional 20,000 Jews in Old Russia as enumerated in thecensus of January, 1939.3

German figures made public on February 5, 19414 placedthe number of Jews in the Old Reich at 200,000, in Austria,at 50,000 and in the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia,at 70,000. A Slovak census taken in February, 1941s gavea total of 88,951 Jews or persons classified as such. Norecent figures are available concerning the number of Jewsin the other occupied territories, who, on July 31, 1940,numbered 2,750,000.6 The conquest of Greece and Yugo-slavia during the Balkan campaign in April, 1941, placed

2 See Der Neue Gebiets-und Bevol kerungsstand der Sowjetunion, Wirtschaft undStatistik, Berlin, vol. 20, No. 19, October, 1940, pp. 4S0-452.

' Cf. AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK, op. cit. pp. 598-599, Table B, p. 600.1 New York Times, February 6, 1941.'Ibid., March 21, 1941.•Polish territories — 2,200,000, France — 278,000, The Netherlands — 186,817,

Belgium — 82,000, Denmark, Norway and Luxembourg—10,193. See AMERICANJEWISH YEAR BOOK, op. cit. Table B, p. 600.


an additional 141,000 Jews under the Nazi yoke.7 Allowingfor a maximum of 100,000 who succeeded in emigratingfrom Europe, this would bring the total number of Jewsunder the direct rule of Nazi Germany to about 3,200,000.'

The cession to Hungary of Northwestern Transylvaniaby Rumania, under the terms of the second Vienna Arbi-tration of August 30, 1940, increased the Jewish populationin Hungary from 631,287 in March 1939' to about 750,000,"and decreased the number of Jews in the rump RumanianKingdom to about 350,000."

It is extremely difficult to state with any degree ofaccuracy to what extent the figures cited above reflect theactual conditions in Europe. With certain exceptions, mostof these figures are based on data which were valid beforethe Hitler war and do not take into account the number ofJews affected by the shifting of populations and the highdegree of mortality, since September 1, 1939. Thus, forexample, it is an established fact that many Jews formerlyresiding in Russian-occupied Poland have been deportedto Siberia, while many formerly living in conquered WesternEurope have been dumped into the Lublin area, in German-occupied Poland.12 An additional mass have been uprootedfrom their homes from Alsace and Lorraine and from Badenand the Palatinate and shipped to Southern France. Thenumber affected by these shifts is not known. Similarly,little is known of the number of Jews who were killed in theareas of combat or who died of starvation, epidemics andother causes resulting from the war.

It is also difficult to obtain authoritative figures concern-ing the number, origin and destination of Jewish emigrantssince January 1, 1940. This is due partly to the impossi-bility of organized emigration under conditions of war, and

* Technically this may not be correct, since Yugoslavia has been occupied jointly byGermany, Italy and Bulgaria, while Greece was jointly occupied by Germany and Italy.The formal disposition of the conquered Balkan territories has not yet been completed,but it would appear that the Jewish populated areas in Serbia and Greece (Salonika)are in German hands.

« Cf. AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK, op. dt. Table B, p. 600." See Table B, AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK, op. cit. p. 600.w See "Wirtschaft und Statist!*," op. cit. vol. 21, No. 1, January. 1941, p. 17.u Cf. Table B, AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK, op. cit.la A Report on Assistance to Overseas Communities of the Joint Distribution Com-

mittee dated July 17, 1941 places the number of these at 30,000.


partly to the breakdown of the transportation system.Thus, for instance, it is frequently difficult to differentiatebetween points of debarkation and ultimate destination.This observation applies especially to Shanghai, but alsoto points in Central and South America.

The Joint Distribution Committee estimates that be-tween January 1, 1940 and May 31, 1941 a total of 75,000Jews had left Europe. Their principal countries of originwere as follows :13

Germany 20,000Austria 9,000Czechoslovak territories 7,000France 11,000Belgium 1,000Holland 1,500Switzerland 2,200Lithuania 1,900Other countries including

stateless 21,400Total 75,000

to about 100,000.


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8 8

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00 vO IO ^ ^ 2 ~H ^ ^ *** "*** °* ° "> Nif lOO«i»!

: : : :.s : : : :

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jlliilfil 1 i i III IIII iJUlsiii


TABLE VIII

JEWS OF AMERICA, BY GEOGRAPHICAL DIVISIONS AND COUNTRIES

ALL COUNTRIES

North America and West

United States (Continental)Alaska .Canada

Cuba

Haiti

South and Central America

BrazilChile

Guiana (British)

GeneralPopulation1

259,359,758

167,772,827

128,823,00059,278

10,376,78616,552,7224,227,587

101 0211,581,2483,000,0001,173,6451,826,338

22,01229,190

91,586,931

12,958,21744,115,825

4,597,2548,701,816

623,4143 001,715

337,521962,685c

1,172,324467,459c954,848

6 500,0001,459,594

173,0892,093,3313.467.839'

Year

193719301931193019381938193719361938193819301936

1939193919371938193919371938193419381930193819361939193819381936

JewishPopulation

5,282,840

4,957,772

4,770,000600

155,614c20,000

7,800566756c150

2,0001506274

325,068

260,00040.000

3,697c!2,045

500350

1,00025

100850c

1,2001,500

120799

12,000882c

Year

193719381931193519331929194019361935193819381938

1935193319301935193919381938193819381930193019351939193819301926

PerCent

2.04

2.96

3.70

1.50

0.005

0.01

0.36

0.08

0.30

0.010.18

0.010.46

1 The letter " c " following a figure indicates that it is based on a census.* Estimate for 1935, 15,000.8 Not including 23,320 Venezuelans resident abroad.


TABLE IXJEWS OF EUROPE, BY GEOGRAPHICAL DIVISIONS AND COUNTRIES

ALL COUNTRIES

Central Europe

Northwest Russia1

Poland

White Russia1. .Ukraine1

Western and Southern Europe

Great Britain and Northern

Irish Free StateItaly

Turkey (Europe)1"Yugoslavia

Northern Europe

Finland...

Russia (R. S. F. S. R., ex-clusive of Crimea andthe Northwest)1

Sweden

GeneralPopulation

522,313,405

132,076.127

713 8239,807,096

407.51710,817,2861,950,5022.879,070

13,450,53334,775,69819,933,8025 439,400

31,901,400

301,767,522

1 003,1248,386,5536,077,939

376 5293 706 349

41 905 96879,576,758c"

20 339

46,178,884'6,204,6842,968.420

42,527,561296,913241,621

8,639,5957,460,195

25,240,9714,066 4001,185,719

15,703,000

88,469,756

1,126,4133,834,6622,814,194

74,384,2736,310,214

Yr.

19261938192919391935194019261939193919331933

19301938193419381935193619391939

193119281936193619351931193719381939193019271940

193419371930

19261938

JewishPopulation

8,939,608

7,428,125

45 926c356,830c2

10,448c444,567c'

93,479c1

155,125c'326,363c

3,113,900cs

900,000407 059

1,574,428c

1,326,721

20460,00048,398c

75c5 690

240 000240,000'

886c

300,00072,791c

3,686c47,825c

3,14435

156 8179

1 2004,000

17 973c55,592c68,405c

184,762

4 302c1,755l,3S9c

170,6936,653c

Yr.

192619301929"19301935192319261931193919261926

19301934193419311930193619391931

193119281926193119351920193319311934193019271931

193419371830

19261930

PerCent

1.71

5.62

6.43

2.56

4.79

2.43

4.51

0.44

0.02

0.80

0.570.90

0.651.17

1.06

0.444.69

0.21

0.380.050.05

0.23

1 Total population of Soviet Union, according to census of 1939 is 170,467,186;Jewish population, 3,020,141. Separate figures for the component republics are notavailable at this time.

3 Number of Jews in territory which was formerly Czechoslovakia. According to acensus taken in Slovakia in 1940, there were 88,951 Jews out of a total population of2,653,564 (3.35%).

3 Exclusive of the number of Jews in the annexed Czechoslovak territory-I On basis of nationality. Of these, 88,552 are Latvian citizens.6 Exclusive of the number of Jews in the district of Memel of 141,274 inhabitants

on January 1, 1925.a Including former Austria (6,760,233 in 1934) and Sudetenland (3,653,292).» Including former Austria (191,481 in 1934 and 60,000 in 1939), and the number of

Jews in the Sudeten area, formerly part of Czechoslovakia.8 Total population of Northern Ireland, census 1937, is 1,279,745.8 The returns of the 1935 census give 111,917 Jews, exclusive of the possible number

of Jews among the 1,144,393 enumerated as of "no religion" and 185 as of "unknownreligion."

10 Total population, according to 1935 census, is 16,158,018; Jewish population,78,730. Separate figures are not available, a t this time, for Europe and for Asia.

II Since this census was taken, vûwiyMiii'-wirf1j^W/B-^tHbWflWyntPPSi^jtd


TABLE X

JEWS OF AFRICA, BY GEOGRAPHICAL DIVISIONS AND COUNTRIES

ALL COUNTRIES

Northern Par t (Arabic-Speaking Countries)

AlgeriaEgypt 'Libya'Morocco (French)Morocco (Spanish)

Southern Par t (Black Africa).

Congo (Belgian)

Northern RhodesiaPortuguese East AfricaSouthern RhodesiaSouth-West AfricaTanganyika (German

East Africa)Union of South Africa

Gen.Population

77,969,589

33,789,653

7,234,684'15,904,525

888,4016,298,528

795,20260,000

2.608,313"'

44,179,936

7,600,00010,329,284'

3,365,888'1,376,325'4,995,750'1,303,775*

358,532'"

5,260,484"9,589,89s12

Yr.

1936193719381936193619361936

1936193919381935193619361936

19381936

JewishPopulation

598,339

453,438

110,12772,550"30,046

161,312c1

12,918c"7,000!

59,485c!

144,901

51,000«177305c426c100

2,021c200

1090,662

Yr.

1931193419381936193619361936

1936192319311931192319311925

19311936

PerCent

0.77

1.34

3.382.561.62

11.672.48'

0.33

0.95>3

1 Of a total of 717,663 in census of 1931, there were 552,663 in Tripolitania, including21,342 Jews, and 165,000 in Cyreitaica, including 3,000 Jews, practically all in thetown of Bengazi. The total includes 48,749 Europeans; 29,749 in Tripolitania and19,000 in Cyrenaica.

1 Native Jews. Percentage is of total native population.« The number of Jews residing at Alcazar, Arxila, Larache, and Tetuan.* Including 987,252 Europeans.s Including 25,200 Europeans.1 Including 34,971 Europeans and Arabs.7 Including 9,900 Europeans.I Including 45,750 non-natives.' Including 55,408 Europeans.18 Including 30,505 Europeans.II Including 9,165 Europeans.

Including 2,003,857 Europeans.4.52 % of the total white population.Official estimate; 1927 census, 63,550 (0.45%).Falashas.

16 Including 213,205 Europeans.


TABLE XIJEWS OF ASIA, BY GEOGRAPHICAL DIVISIONS AND COUNTRIES

ALL COUNTRIES

Palestine and Neighboring

Palestine

Syria. Lebanon, Latakia,Djebel Druze

Aden and Perim

Asia Minor, Central andNorthern Asia

PersiaRussia (R. S. F. S. R.) in ABiai.Transcaucasian Republic1....Turkmenistan'Turkey (in Asia)'

Eastern and Southern Asia...

British Malaya

India (States and Agencies). .Indo-China (French)Empire of Japan

Gen.Population

1,022,426,997

18,069,330

1,466,536364,000

3,630,0003,560,4569,000,000

48,338

69,732,172

10,000,00015,000,00018,845,6217,110.8001,268,900

12.462,5515,044,300

934,625,495

1,372,568457,835,475

1,028,619352,837,778

23.853,50097,697,555

Yr.

19391934

1935193519381931

1939193519261933193319271933

193919361938193119381935

JewishPopulation

839,809

570.745

424.373200

26,051c90,970c

25,0004,151

222,920

5,00040.00049,571c62,194c

2,041c26,280c37,834c

46,144

703c19,8503

25024.141c

1.000'200

Yr.

•

19391934

19331935

1931

1929193519261926192619271926

192119351935193119241938

PerCent

0.08

3.16

28.940.05

2.56

8.59

0.32

0.050.270.26

0.21

0.005

0.01

1 See footnote' Table X.3 Total population, according to 1935 census, ia 16,158,018; Jewish population,

78,730. Separate figures are not available, at this time, for Europe and for Asia.• Including 8,000 in Harbin, 5,500 in Shanghai, 3,500 in Tientsin, and 1,000 in

Moukden—est. of Shanghai Lodge B'nai B'rith.* The number of Jews residing at Haiphong, Hanoi, Saigon and Tourane.

TABLE XIIJEWS OF AUSTRALASIA, BY COUNTRIES

Countries

ALL COUNTRIES

Hawaii

Philippine Islands

Gen.Population

24,602,887

6,629,839414,991

1.573,810115,984,247

Yr.

1933193819361939

JewishPopulation

27,016

23,553c310

2.653c500

Yr.

1933193419361934

PerCent

0.11

0.36

0.17

• Including Maoris (63,670).


TABLE XIII

A LIST OF COUNTRIES AND THEIR JEWISH POPULATIONS

Name of Country Number of Jews Name of Country Number of Jews

AbyssiniaAden and PeriraAfghanistanAlaskaAlbaniaAlgeriaArabiaArgentinaAustraliaBelgiumBrazilBritish MalayaBulgariaCanadaChileChinaColombiaCongo (Belgian)Costa RicaCubaCuracaoCyprusCzechoslovakiaDanzigDenmarkDominican Republic.EgyptEsthoniaFinlandFranceGermanyGibraltarGreat Britain and

Northern Ireland..GreeceGuatemalaGuiana (British)Haiti '.HawaiiHondurasHong KongHungaryIndiaIndo-China (French).IraqIrish Free StateItalyJamaica

51,0004,1515,000

600204

110,12725,000

260,00023,55360,00040,000

70348,398

155,6143,697

19.8502,045

177500

7,80056675

356,83010,4485,690

75672,5504,3021,755

240,000240.000

886

300,00072,791

3501,000

ISO310

25250

444,56724,141

1,00090,9703,686

47,8252,000

JapanJugoslaviaKenyaLatviaLibyaLithuaniaLuxemburgMaltaMexicoMorocco CFrench)Morocco (Spanish)....Netherlands.New ZealandNicaragua •NorwayPalestinePanamaPanama Canal Zone.. .ParaguayPersiaPeruPhilippine Islands....PolandPorto RicoPortugalPortuguese East AfricaRhodesia (Northern). .Rhodesia (Southern). .RoumaniaSalvadorS. W. AfricaSoviet RussiaSpainSurinam (Dutch

Guiana)SwedenSwitzerlandSyria and LebanonTanganyikaTangier ZoneTransjordanTunisiaTurkeyUnion of South Africa.United States'UruguayVenezuelaVirgin Islands

20068,405

30593,47930,046

155,1253,144

3520,000

161,31212,918

156.8172,653

1001,359

424,37385074

1,20040.000

1,500500

3,113,900150

1,200100426

2,021900,000

120200

3,020,1414.000

7996,653

17,97326,051

107,000

20059,48578,73090,662

4,831,18012,000

88262

1 See footnote 1 on next page.s Continental; not including Jews in Alaska and other possessions.


TABLE XIV

LIST OF IMPORTANT CITIES AND THEIR JEWISH POPULATION*

NOTE: Superior figures next to population figures indicate year of census or estimate; e. g., « indi-cates 1935; M indicates 1936; etc.

Name of City GeneralPopulation

JewishPopu-lation1


JewishPopu-lation1

AdrianopolAlexandriaAlgiersAmsterdamAntwerp

Bagdad* (Iraq)BaselBelgrade (Yugoslavia)Berdichev(U.S.S.R.).BerlinBialystokBirminghamBombayBratislavaBreslauBrussels*BucharestBudapestBuenos Aires

CairoCalcutta*Cape TownCologne (see Koln)...Constantine (Algeria).CopenhagenCracowCzernowitz

DamascusDublinDvinsk

Edinburgh

FlorenceFrankfurt a. MGenevaGlasgow

36,000"682,101"252,321**781,660"273,317^8

5,697c27

27,200*323,550c31

65,558s3

22.00021

499,410's148,063"266.84SW1

53,100s'4,332,242"

76,7921,002,603"1.161.383"

138,000"625,198'"912,774'"648,162"

1,115.877"2,317,755"

1.307,422"1,485.582"

119,173"

106.830'"843,168"219,286"109,698"

193,912"309,272"

45.160"

42,799c'*2,563c"8,936c"

30,812c!1

95,000s9

39,6026,000"8,620"

15,060"20,202c'"20.0002'50,000*'

204,37 lc'°120,000

38,100"1,200"

11.0792"

13,110c"5.640"

45,828c"43,555*»

10,0003,500"

11,116^

420,264"

319,141"546,649"

1,088,417"

1,500"

2.586"26,158c"

2,224c"15,000s9

HaifaHamburgHarbin ,Hull

Istanbul

JaffaJassyJerusalemJohannesburg,

KharkovKievKishinevKolnKovno

LeedsLeipzigLeningradLibau (Latvia)LisbonLiverpoolLodzLondon'LublinLwowLuxemburg. . .

Manchester. . .MarseillesMinskMontrealMoscow

Newcastle

104,800"1,682,220"

330,436"287,013"

741,148"

77,400"104,471"129,800"203.298"

833,432"846,293"112,500"756,605"152,365"

458,320"701,606"

3,191,304"57,098"

594.390"855.688"604.629"

8.282.118"112,285"312,231"

57,740"

989,775914,232"180,900"818,577"

4.137,018"

274,955"

58,000"16,885c"8,000"2,500"

47,173c"

15.000"45,000"79,000"25,826c»

81,139c»140,256c»80.000"14,816c"25,044c"

25,000"11,564c"84,503c"7,368c»1,150"7,000"

191,720c"233,991"38,001c"75,316c"1,395"

37,5002,000"

53.686c*1

57,710c"131,747c"

2,500"

*Not including cities of the United States, which are listed on p. 660.1 It should be borne in mind that the figures for the number of Jews arrived at on the basis of

a religious or nationality census, are minima. This is partly due to the fact that there is some-times a tendency on the part of census enumerators to minimize the number of persons of a minorityreligion or nationality, and partly because some Jews report their nationality as that of the ma-jority population, or decline to answer the question as to religion or nationality. For example, inthe 1921 census of Czechoslovakia as many as 724,507 persons refused to give their religious affilia-tion. The number of Jews for that country given in this article does not include the possible num-ber of Jews among those that refused to give their religious affiliation.

* Figure for "Liwa," i. e.. Administrative district.* Greater London, Administrative County has 184,063 Jews. * Including suburbs.


TABLE XIV (Cont.)


JewishPopu-lation


JewishPopu-lation

OdessaOran (Algeria)Oslo

Panama CityParisPrague

Rabat (Morocco) . . . .RigaRome

SalonicaSarajewo (Jugoslavia)Shanghai*SmyrnaSofiaStockholmStrasbourg

604,223»»194,746"253,124"»

74,409302,829.746"

848,081"°

153,243c"20,490c»

749c"»

471c'°175,000"35.463c"°

83,379"385.063"'

1,148,948"

236,524"78.173»i

3,489,998"170,546"'287.976"497,367"181.465"

3,676c"43.558c»ll,280"i

55,250c!"9.320"5.500"'

16.215c"25,863c*

3,432c"»7,000"i

Tallinn (Esthonia).Tel-AvivTorontoTriesteTripoli ( L i b y a ) . . . .Tunis'Turin (Italy)

Vienna

WarsawWellington (N. Z.) .WilnoWinnipeg

Zagreb (Jugoslavia)Zurich

127,000='130.300"1

631,207"!242,681"108.240""219,578"623,454"

1,918,462»>

1,171,898"!149,971""207,750"!218,785"!

185.581"!337,164"'

1,929c"130,300"45,205c"i

4,627"15,590"'27,345"'

3,758"!

178,034c"

333,354c'1896c=»

54,596c"!17,153c"i

9,500"6,700"

* Including suburbs.' Exclusive of Europeans.


C. IMMIGRATION OF JEWS TO THEUNITED STATES

1. During the Year Ended June 30,1940

Admissions and Departures. — During the year endedJune 30, 1940, a total of 36,945 Jewish immigrants wereadmitted to the United States, IS percent less than in thepreceding year (43,450). During the same period, 150Jews emigrated from the country. The net increasethrough immigration was thus 36,795.

Deportations and Debarments. — During the fiscal year,ended June 30, 1940, a total of 78 Jews previously ad-mitted were deported, and 342 applying for admissionwere debarred. The former number represents 0.21% ofthe net increase of Jewish immigrants over emigrants,while the number of debarred constitutes 0.93% of thoseadmitted. These percentages continue to be very low.With the exception of the preceding year, when it waseven slightly lower, the percentage of the deported is thelowest since 1923; and the percentage of the debarred isthe lowest on record in any year. There was also a slightdrop, compared with the preceding years, in the percent-ages of both debarment and deportation for the immigra-tion as a whole, though the ratios are still very muchhigher than for the Jewish immigration. Thus, the per-centage of all deportations to the total net increase forthe year was 14.11% (14.56% for the preceding year), andthe percentage of the total debarred was 7.49% of thetotal admitted (7.83% for the preceding year).

Countries of Origin.— Since 1931, there has been adecrease of Jewish immigration from a group of adjacentcountries in Eastern Europe in which live almost half ofthe total number of Jews in the world.1 For a number ofyears before 1931, these countries contributed close to

1 Poland, Lithuania, Latvia, Austria, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Rumania, Russia.

STATISTICS OF JEWS 67S

two-thirds of the total Jewish immigration to the UnitedStates. In that year, the Jewish immigration from thesecountries dropped from 64.95% to 56.24% of the totalJewish immigration; the percentage remained approxim-ately stationary in 1932 (57.31%), and in 1933 (57.29%).In the latter year, Jewish immigration from Germany,which had theretofore been negligible, began to becomenumerically significant, although only 3.04% for the yearending June 30, 1933. In the following year, however, theimmigration from Germany was 43.20% of the total,whereas the immigration from the former major sourcesof Jewish immigration dropped to 27.94% of the totalJewish influx. In 1935, the number coming from Germany(34.80% of the total) almost equalled the number fromthe Eastern European countries. In 1936, the immigrationfrom Germany rose to 52.53%, while the admissions fromEastern Europe fell to 21.32%, of the total Jewish immig-ration; and from 1937 on, the difference has been becomingsteadily more and more pronounced.

The number of Jews coming from Germany during1940 was more than half of the total Jewish immigration(53.81%); only 9.17% came from Eastern Europe, and37.02% from the remaining countries. Of the latter groupof 13,677 immigrants, 4,099 came from Great Britain,1,607 from France, 1,432 from The Netherlands, 1,382from Belgium, 967 from Canada, 757 from Palestine, 733from Italy, 598, from Switzerland, 516 from Cuba, and therest from other countries. It is not possible to state howmany of the immigrants from these countries were origi-nally permanently residing in Germany.

Destination of Immigrants.— Jewish immigrants to theUnited States during the fiscal year were destined to allthe forty-eight states and the District of Columbia, thestates ranking highest being New York, Illinois, California,New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Ohio, Massachusetts, andMichigan, in the order given; these states were the des-tination of fully nine-tenths (90.05%) of the total Jewishimmigration.

Sex.— Of the total number of Jewish immigrants admit-ted during the fiscal year, 50.03% were males and 49.97%


were females; while for the immigration as a whole, thepercentage of males was lower than that of females (47.29%males and 52.71% females).

Age.— Compared with that of the total immigration,the age distribution of the Jewish immigrants shows alower percentage of the group between 16 and 44 yearsof age, and a higher percentage of the older group; thepercentage of Jewish children is also slightly higher. Thus,of the number of Jewish immigrants, 14.78% were childrenunder 16 years of age, 55.36% were persons between 16and 44, and 29.86% were 45 years or over; while of thetotal immigration, the corresponding percentages were13.57% for those under 16, 63.64% for the 16-44 group,and 22.79% for the older group.

Conjugal Condition.— The largest proportion of immi-grants arriving in the country was in the group of marriedpersons — 55.17% among the Jewish immigrants and53.15% among the total. The next largest group was thatof single persons: 38.58% for the Jewish immigrants, and41.10% for the total. Of the remaining immigrants, 4.98%were widowed and 1.27% were divorced, among the Jews;and 4.63% widowed and 1.12% divorced, among the total.

Family Character of Jewish Immigration.— The differ-ence, even if slight, in age grouping of the Jewish immigra-tion from the total indicates that the Jewish immigrationis more largely of a family character. This is also evidentfrom the fact that a higher proportion of the Jewish immi-grants (84.83%) came to join relatives as compared withthe total immigration (79.88%); and only 4.18% of theJewish immigrants had neither relatives nor friends here,as compared with 9.29% for the total immigration.

Financial Condition.— The Jewish immigrants (52.21%of the total) brought in more than half (53.14%) of theaggregate amount of money shown to be in the possessionof all the immigrants. The number of immigrants showingthe possession of money was 73.35% for the total and69.42% for the Jews.


2. During the Six Months, July—December 1940

For the fiscal year which ended June 30, 1941, completeofficial figures for only the first six months were availableat the time this article was written. These figures showthat the number of Jews admitted during this period(10,547) was 40.65% of the total immigration and thatJewish immigrants exceeded Jewish emigrants by 10,498.•Of the general immigration the excess of admissions overdepartures was 17,261. The proportion of Jews debarredduring the six months was practically the same as for thepreceding fiscal year (6.44% during the six months, and6.45% during the preceding year); but the proportion ofJews deported was a little higher (1.46% during July —December, compared with 1.12% during the precedingfiscal year).

3. From 1881 to 1940

Of the earlier waves of Jewish immigration to the UnitedStates, which were made up chiefly of immigrants fromSpain, Portugal, and Holland, and from Germany, no reli-able statistics are available. Such statistics were recordedonly beginning in 1881, but these are not complete for theentire period since then. For the seventeen years from1881 to 1898, we have statistics only for the number ofJews admitted at the ports of New York, Philadelphia,and Baltimore. For the next eight years (1899-1907) wehave figures for the number of Jews admitted at all ports.It is only since 1908 that statistics of departures as well asof arrivals have been recorded.

Notwithstanding these deficiencies and gaps, we are ina position to arrive at an approximate figure for the totalJewish immigration since 1881. From 1908, when the num-ber of departures began to be recorded, up to 1914, afterwhich the World War and restrictive legislation interruptedthe free flow of immigration, the percentage of Jews depart-ing to those admitted was 7.14%. We may assume thatthe same percentage held good during the period 1899-1907 for which we have complete figures for Jewish admis-sions. If this assumption is correct, the number of Jewsadmitted during those years totalled 829,244. For the


period from 1881-1898 we have figures only for Jews admit-ted at the ports of New York, Philadelphia, and Baltimore.We may perhaps assume that the number of departuresduring those years equalled the number of admissions atother ports; in other words, that the total number of Jewsadmitted at all ports equalled the number admitted at thethree ports mentioned, namely, 533,478. Adding the netincreases for these two periods, thus arrived at, to the net.increase from 1908 to 1940, for which official statistics areavailable, we find that the total net increase of the Jewishpopulation of the United States as a result of immigrationwas 2,460,495 for the sixty years from 1881 to 1940.

Table XX, which is a summary of the immigrationand emigration, to and from the United States, since 1881,shows the fluctuations in the annual averages of the num-ber of Jews who arrived, caused in turn by the World War,the post-war condition of European Jews, the operation ofthe several quota restriction laws and the executive orderof 1931 for the strict application of the "likely to becomea public charge" provision of the immigration law, and theexpulsive force of persecution in Germany.

TABLE XV

JEWISH IMMIGRANTS ADMITTED, DEPARTED, DEBARRED,AND DEPORTED, JULY 1, 1939—JUNE 30, 1940, AND

JULY—DECEMBER, 1940

July 1, 1939—June 30, 1940

Total Jews P. C.

July—December, 1940

Total Jews P. C.

Admission1

Departure3

IncreaseDebarredDeported

70,75621,46149,295

5,3006,954

36,945150s

36,795342

78

52.210.70

74.646.451.12

25,9438,682

17,2611,7402,468

10.54749

10,49811236

40.650.56

60.826.441.46

1 In addition, 138,032 non-immigrants, including 6,695 Jews (4.85%) were admittedduring the year ended June 30, 1940, and 60,467 non-immigrants, including 3,806 Jewsduring July-December 1940.

2 In addition, 144,703 non-emigrant aliens departed during the year ended June 30,1940, including 3,740 Jews (2.58%); and 35,885, including 1,091 Jews, during July-December 1940.

1 50 to Palestine, 22 to Canada, 12 to Mexico, 8 to England, 6 to Colombia, 5 toFrance, 4 to Panama, 4 to Poland, 3 to Argentine, 3 to Cuba, 3 to Roumania, 3 toChina," and 27 to other countries.


TABLE XVI

JEWISH IMMIGRANTS ADMITTED BY SEX, AGE, CONJUGALCONDITION, FINANCIAL CONDITION, ETC., YEAR ENDED

JUNE 30, 1940

Immigrants Admitted

SEXMalesFemales

AGEUnder 1616-4445 and over

MARITAL CONDITIONSingleMarriedWidowedDivorced

FINANCIAL CONDITIONAmount of money shown. .No. showing $50 or over. . .No. showing less than$5O. .No. not stating financial

condition

PERSONS JOINEDRelativesFriendsNone

Number

Total

70,756

33,46037,296

9,60245,02616.128

29,08237,608

3,278788

$13,304,05734,76417,137

18,855

56,5237,6586,575 .

Jews

36,945

18,4'8218,463

5,46120,45411,030

14,25220,381

1,841471

$7,069,70016,8408,809

11,296

31,3424,0591,544

Distribution

Total

47.2952.71

13.5763.6422.79

41.1053.15

4.631.12

49.1324.22

26.65

79.8810.839.29

Jews

50.0349.97

14.7855.3629.86

38.5855.17

4.981.27

45.5823.84

30.S8

84.8310.994.18


TABLE XVII

DESTINATION OF JEWISH IMMIGRANTS BY STATEYEAR ENDED JUNE 30, 1940

UNITED STATES

California / .ConnecticutDistrict of Columbia.. .Florida

Illinois

New JerseyNew YorkOhio

Texas

Other States

Total

70,756

5,7141,099

522657174

3,629386585

2,7553,190

4433,001

36,4941,7732,641

1541,421

292842447

4,537

Jews

36,945

1,910381261147103

2,270162388773579335

1,46023,956

9461,374

107223157109234

1,070'

P . C.

52.21

33.9534.6750.0022.3759.2062.5541 9766.3228.0618.1575.6248.6565.6453.3652.0369.4815 6953 7712 9552.3523.58

Distribution

Total

100.00

8.081.550.740.930.245.130 550.833.894.510.634.24

51.582.503.730.222 010 411 190.636.41

Jews

100.00

5.171.030.710.400.286.140 441.052.091.570.913.95

64.842.563.720.290.600 420 300.632.90


TABLE XVIII

PRINCIPAL COUNTRIES OF LAST RESIDENCE OF JEWISH IMMIGRANTS,YEAR ENDED JUNE 30, 1940

ALL COUNTRIES

CENTRAL EUROPEANCOUNTRIES

Poland

Russia

GERMANY

OTHER COUNTRIES

Danzig

Italy

China

Cuba

Other Countries

Total

70,756

4,601

1,0741,902

28826270233340

21,520

44,635

1,713136

2,5756,1585 302

1472,097

5181,211

652643850

10,8062,0622,3137,452"

Jews

36,945

3,388

7041,450

238211521247

17

19,880

13,677

1,382124

1,6074,099

733136

1 432116598135179757967516122774'

P. C.

52.21

6.50

65.5576.2482.6480.5374.2274.1742.50

92.38

30.64

80.6891.1862.4166.5613 8392.5268.2922.3949.3820.7127.8489.068.95

25.025.27

10.39

Distribution

Total

100.00

6.50

23.3441.346.265.69

1S.267.240.87

30.42

63.08

3.840.305.77

13.8011 880.334 701 162.711.461.441.90

24.214.625.18

16.70

Jews

100.00

9.17

20.7842.80

7.026.23

15.387.290.50

53.81

37.02

10.100.91

11.7529.975.360.99

10.470.854.370.991.315.547.073.770.895.66

1 Including 811 from Greece, 749 from Ireland, 488 from Norway, 448 from Por-tugal, 259 from Spain, 250 from Denmark, 233 from Finland, and 586 from otherEurope; 639 from Central America, 1,115 from South America, and 885 from otherAmerica; 420 from other Asia; 202 from Africa; 156 from Australia; and 211 fromother countries.

2 Including 42 from Denmark, 21 from Finland, 20 from Bulgaria, and 106 fromother Europe; 238 from South America, 117 from Central America, 42 from otherWest Indies, and 1 from Newfoundland; 91 from other Asia; 62 from Africa; and 34from Australia and Australasia.


TABLE XIX

PRINCIPAL COUNTRIES OF LAST RESIDENCE OF JEWISH IMMIGRANTSYEAR ENDED JUNE 30, 1941

LAST RESIDENCE

ALL COUNTRIES

CENTRAL EUROPEAN COUNTRIES.

Rumania

GERMANY (& AUSTRIA)

OTHER COUNTRIES

Great Britain

Ireland (Eire)Italy

PortugalSpain

Canada

Total

51,776

1,217

314330451122

4,028

46,531

1,8164,8017,714

268211450823369

1,101300518

1,375142

1,408

11,2802,824

11,1311

Jews

23,737

871

23023731589

3,793

19,073

1,2732,7304,691

1617

22444425

59956

287828

72753

1,394363

5,301*

i Including 4,687 from West Indies; 3,654 from other America; 1,801 from Asia; and989 from other countries.

= Including 2,642 from West Indies; 1,488 from other America; 762 from Asia; and409 from other countries.


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TABLE XXII

JEWISH IMMIGRANTS REJECTED ON APPLICATION FOR ADMISSION ANDTHOSE DEPORTED FROM THE UNITED STATES AFTER

ADMISSION, 1899-1940

Year

1899 19101911191219131914191519161917191819191920192119221923 . . . .1924 . . .1925192619271928192919301931193219331934193519361937193819391940

Total 1899-1940

Total 1911-1940

Debarred

Number

Total

116,25522,34916,05719,93833,04124,11118,86716,0287,2978,626

U,79S13,77913 73120 61930 28425,39020.55019.75518,83918,1278,2339,7447 0645 5275 3845,5583,0208,0768,0666,4985,300

547,908

Jews

10,7851.9991,0641,2242,5061.398

949607222199268

1,1951,2561,4551,7541.137

8711,090

898610275405314276211208157368339422342

34,804

Per Cent toAdmission

Total

1.22.51.91.62.77.36.35.46.56.12.71.74 43 94 38.66.75.96.16.483-41

10.0319 8623 9618 2715.908.31

16.0711.887.837.49

2.75

Jews

1.02.11.31.21.95.26.23.56.06.51.81.02.32 93 5

11.18.49.47.74.892.397.12

11.4011.645.104.302.513.241.720.970.93

1.70

Deported

Number

Total

12.1772,7882,4563,4614.1372,6702,9061,918

7963,1022,7624,5174,3453 6614 2949.495

10,90411.66211,62512.90816.63118,14219,42619,8658 8798,3199,1958,8299,2758,2026,954

246,301

234,124

Jews

1,303209191253317

687946271753

13421499

11325017518421315316415014713811496

107109

8410378

5,388

4,085

Per Cent toNet Increase

Total

.5

.4

.4

.42.11.8

.94.9

17.61.9

.83 9

.8268

4.74.74.45.16.138.71

51.46

.37.5621.7314.5614.11

3.48

Jewg

.2

.2

.2

.2

.2

.5

.3

.9

.7

.4

.1

.4

.02

.22.51.71.61.91.251.462.796.386.942.997.131.800.980.430.190.21

0.44


D. JEWISH IMMIGRATION TO OTHERAMERICAN COUNTRIES AND AFRICA

Canada. During the year ended March 31, 1940, atotal of 1,623 Jews entered Canada (302 from the UnitedStates), 10.02% of the total. There was a higher percent-age of females than of males among the immigrants arriv-ing, the difference being slight among the Jews, but greaterin the total immigration. (49.11% males and 50.89%females among the Jews, and 45.68% males and 54.32%females among the total immigration). The immigrantsof 18 years or over constituted 73.88% of the total numberof Jewish immigrants, while for the total number of immi-grants, the corresponding percentage was 69.70%.

In the occupational distribution, there is shown a con-siderable increase in the proportion of Jews engaged infarming. While up to 1938 the percentage of Jews in thatclass was very low (2.40% in 1938), it jumped to 11.01%in 1939; and, in 1940, as many as 33.40% of the totalnumber of Jews arriving during the year were farmers.The farming class among the total immigration remainedabout the same (29.66%), with the consequence that, in1940, the percentage of those engaged in farming washigher for the Jews than even for the total immigration.As for the other groups, the Jews showed a drop in thetrading and clerical classes, which was 20.33% in 1940,compared with 25.84% for the preceding year; 5.42% weremechanics, 2.40% female domestic servants, and 2.03%laborers.

Of the 1,623 Jews who entered the country (1,321 viaocean ports and 302 from the United States), 193 wereborn in the United States, 8 in Canada, 1 in Newfound-land, 17 in Asia, 4 in Africa, and 2 in Australia; the re-mainder (1,398) came from European countries. Of thisnumber, nearly one-third (447) came from Germany(27.54% of the total number of Jews admitted to Canada),and nearly one-fourth, 340, (20.95% of the total admittedto Canada), from Poland. Of the total number of immi-grants (16,205) that entered Canada, 4,271, over one-fourth, were born in the United States, and 542 were bornin Canada.


Fully three-fourths (75.23%) of the Jewish immigrantswere bound for the two provinces of Quebec (43.44%) andOntario (31.79%). Of the total number of immigrants,over one-half were bound for the same provinces, and ofthese, 34.24% went to Ontario, and 20.07% to Quebec.

During 1901 to 1940, a total of 131,448 Jews enteredCanada, constituting 2.21% of the total.

Cuba. During 1936, a total of 338 Jews entered Cuba.The number of Jewish immigrants during 1937 was esti-mated as about 200. A more accurate figure was not avail-able. Compared with preceding years, the figure is low.There has been a gradual decrease since 1934, when theJewish immigrants numbered 612. The total immigration,in 1937, also shows a decrease, but to a lesser extent. From1929 to 1937, a total of 3,973 Jews entered the country.The number of Jewish immigrants that entered Cubaduring 1929-1937 constituted 7.94% of the total.

Brazil. During 1938, a total of 530 Jewish immigrantswere admitted to Brazil, and during 1939, 4,600. From1925 to 1939, a total of 48,579 Jews entered the country,5.62% of the total number of persons admitted duringthese years.

Uruguay. During 1938, 3,115 Jews entered Uruguay,and during 1939, 2,200. From 1927 to 1939, a total of17,828 Jews entered the country. The number of Jewishimmigrants admitted during 1927-1938 constituted 0.74%of the total number of persons admitted.

Argentina. During 1938, a total of 1,050 Jews enteredArgentine, constituting 2.78% of the total number ofimmigrants admitted to the country during that year.In 1939, the Jewish immigration totalled 4,300, 73.62% ofthe total. During the period of 27 years of 1913-1939, atotal of 118,979 Jews entered the country, 5.12% of thetotal admitted.

Union of South Africa.. We have data on Jewish immi-gration to the Union of South Africa from 1930 to 1938.This is for European immigration only. According to thisinformation, Jewish immigrants constituted 24.06% of the


total number of immigrants during the nine years (11,238Jews out of a total of 46,708). The percentage of Jewishimmigration varies from 31.86% in 1930 to 7.61% in 1938.The year 1934 showed a rise in immigration to that country,both Jewish and total (1,123 Jews in 1934, compared with745 in the preceding year), but the ratio of Jewish immi-gration to the total was about the same; 1935 showedpractically no change. But, in 1936, the immigration of Jewsincreased three times. This increase was caused entirelyby the rise in the immigration from Germany, from whichthere arrived as many as 2,577 during the year (77.06%of the total Jewish immigration to the country). In 1937,however, Jewish immigration dropped again to 954, andin 1938, to 566, the lowest number since 1930, while thetotal remained about the same as in the preceding year.The number of Jewish immigrants admitted during 1930-1938 constituted 24.06% of the total.


TABLE XXIII

JEWISH IMMIGRANTS TO CANADA, BY SEX, AGE,OCCUPATION AND DESTINATION, 1940

Total

Via Ocean PortsFrom United States

SEXMalesFemales

AGE

18 years and over

OCCUPATION

Trading and Clerical ClassesFemale Domestic Servants. .Other Classes

COUNTRY OF BIRTH

Germany (incl. Austria). . .

Poland .

United StatesOther Countries

DESTINATIONQuebec . . . .Ontario . .

Alberta

Prince Edward IslandNorthwest Territories

Number

Total

16,205

10,4575,748

7,4028,803

4,91011,295

4,806475

1,0951,349

7687,712

1,6402,299

779384

962,381

15196

4,2714,108

3,2535,5491,2352,120

8361,2141,567

35068

94

Jews

1,623

1,321302

797826

4241,199

5423388

33039

591

25969

4475944

3406647

19399

70551620565564821

7

Distribution

Total

100.00

64.5335.47

45.6854.32

30.3069.70

29.662 936.768.324.74

47.59

10.1214.194.812.370.59

14.690.930.59

26.3625.35

20.0734.24

7.6213.085.167.499.672.160.420.060.03

Jews

100.00

81.3918.61

49.1150.89

26.1273.88

33.402 035.42

20.332.40

36.42

15.964.25

27.543.632.71

20.954.072.90

11.896.10

43.4431.7912.634.013.452.961.290.43


TABLE XXIV

Year

19011902190319041905190619071908190919101911191219131914191519161917191819191920

SUMMARY

Total

49,14967,379

128,364130,331146,266189,064124,667262,469146,908208,794311,084354,237402.432384,878144,78948,53775,37479,07457,702

117,336

OF JEWISH IMMIGRATION

Jews1

2,7651,0152,0663,7277,7157,1276,5847,7121,6363,1825,1465,3227,387

11,2523,107

651363222

116

Per CentJews to To-

tal

5.61.51.62.85.23.85.22.91.11.51.61.51.82.92.1

.1

.10.4

0.04.09

Year

19211922192319241925192619271928192919301931193219331934193519361937193819391940

Total

TO CANADA, 1901-1940

Total

148,47789,99972,887

148,560111,36296,064

143,991151,597167,722163.28888,22325,75219,78213,90312,13611,10312,02315,64517.12816,205

5,954,681

Jews1

2,7638,4042,7934,2554,4594,0144,8634,7663,8484,1643,421

649772943624880619584890

1.623

131,448

Per CentTews to To-

tal

1.99.33.82.84.4.183.383.142.292.553.882.523.906.065.147.935.153.735.20

10.02

2.21

1 The figures for the Jews entering Canada during 1901-1925 are exclusive of thosewho entered from the United States.

TABLE XXV

SUMMARY OF JEWISH IMMIGRATION TO CUBA, 1929-1937

Year

1929193019311932193319341935 . . . . . . . .1936 .193719381939..1940

Total 1929—1937

Total

17,17912,2192,7961,8922,8373,3173,7653,9322,0721.151

777244

50, 009

Jews

4761,374

2081651976124033382001

3,973

P. C.

2.7711.257.448.726.94

18.4510.708.609.65

7.94


TABLE XXVI

SUMMARY OF JEWISH IMMIGRATION TO BRAZIL, 1925-1939

Year

19251926192719281929..1930193119321933193419351936193719381939

Total 1925—1939

Total'

84,883121,569101,56882,061

100,42467,06631,41034,68348,81250,37135,91312 77334.67719,38838,339s

863,937

Jews

2,624*3,906!5,167'4,055'5,610'3,5581,940'2,049'3,317'4.01C1 759*3 450*2,004'

530'4,600

48,579

P. C.

3.093.215.094.945.595.316.185.916.807.964.90

27.015.782.73

12.00

5.62

1 Communicated by the Consul General of Brazil in New York City.1 Communicated by Hicem.1 Communicated by lea.* Communicated by Hias.6 Including 15,780 temporary immigrants.

TABLE XXVII

SUMMARY OF JEWISH IMMIGRATION TO URUGUAY, 1927-1938

Year

1927192819291930193119321933193419351936193719381939

Total 1927—1938

Total

183,386180 654184 514230 464*160 000s

120,670'105 985B

158,954s

176,264196,205203,542221,969

2,122,607

Jews'

771=l,500>2,000»1,600"1,250'

765«500'

1,205'560«

1,262«1,100'3,115"2,200'

15,628

P. C.

0.420.831.080.690.780.630.470.760.320.640.541.40

0.74

»Ica.2 Number assisted by local Jewish Committee.* Number assisted in 1928, 1,270; in 1929, 1,449.* Anuario Estadiatico.B Estimate of Consul General.* Hiaa.1 Estimate as given by Hias.


TABLE XXVIII

SUMMARY OF JEWISH IMMIGRATION TO ARGENTINA, 1913-1939

Year

19131914-1918 . . . .1919.1920.19211922192319241925. . . .19261927.19281929193019311932..19332-1934"1935193619371938 . . .1939

Total 1913 1939

Total'

285,215225,36541,29987,03298,086

129,263195,063159,939125.366135,011161,548129,047100 424'133 183*56,33331,267<24,34527,55444,859'47,633*41,46937 7625,841'

2,322,904

Jews

10,8604,845'

2802,0714,095*7,198*

13,701*7,799*6,920*7,534=5,584*6,812*5,986*7.8052

3.553s

1,80151,9622,2153,169*4,261s

5,178'1 0505

4,300s

118,979

P. C.

3.812.150.682.384.185.577.024.885.525.583.465.285.965.866.315.768.068.047.068.95

12.492.78

73.62

5.12

1 Revista Economia Argentina, Buenos Aires.3 Communicated by lea.1 The figure includes 3,693 admitted during 1914; 606, during 1915; 324, during 1916;

90, during 1917 (slightly incomplete); and 132 during 1918 (slightly incomplete)—communicated by lea.

* Communicated by Consul General of Brazil, New York City.6 Communicated by Hias.8 Communicated by Argentine Information Bureau.7 Communicated by Consul General of Argentine.

TABLE XXIX

JEWISH IMMIGRATION TO UNION OF SOUTH AFRICA, 1930-19382

Year

1930119311193211933119341 .19351 . .19361193711938

Total 1930-1938

Total

5,9044,1403,0983,0314,7026,500

10,8407,9277,435

46.708

Jews

1,88188567674S

1,1231.0783,330

954566

11,238

P. C.

31.8621.3821.8224.5823.8816.2930.7212.04

7.61

24.06

1 European immigration.• Data obtained from the Department of Census and Statistics of the Union of

So. Africa, through the courtesy of Percy Cowen, Esq.


E. JEWISH IMMIGRATION TO PALESTINE

1. During 1940

Admissions.—Jewish immigration to Palestine, which,since 1935, the peak year, has shown a decided drop, wasparticularly low in 1940 — the lowest since 1928, and, withthe exception of the years 1927 and 1928, the lowest onrecord for any year.

A total of 4,524 immigrant Jews were admitted to thecountry during 1940, 82.54% of the total admitted, 5,481.In addition, 23 Jews who had entered the country astravelers or without permission and who had permanentlysettled there, were registered as immigrants, 17.69% of thetotal so registered, 130. Thus, a total of 4,547 Jews wereregistered as immigrants during the year, 81.04% of thetotal number of immigrants, 5,611. (The number of Jewsregistered in 1935 was 61,854, and in 1939, 16,405).

During 1940, one-fifth (20.67%) of the Jews who enteredthe country came from Roumania, and nearly the same(19.31%) from Poland; the percentage of Jews comingfrom Germany was 17.40%, and the next highest (10.82%)from Czechoslovakia. The rest came from Lithuania, GreatBritain, Latvia, France, Turkey, and a few other countries.The distribution of Jewish immigrants to Palestine as tothe country of origin, in 1940, shows a definite drop forGermany — from 57.85% in 1939 to 17.40% in 1940.

Departures.—The number of emigrants for 1940 was1,185, of whom 693 were Jews (58.48% of the total). Thepercentage of departures to admissions was 15.24% forJews and 46.24% for non-Jews. Compared with the pre-ceding year, the percentage for Jews is considerably higher,while that for non-Jews is somewhat lower. We also havedata for emigration by months; there is not much variation.The number of Jewish emigrants ranges from 15 in themonth of September to 98 in March.

Categories of Immigrants.—The official publications donot give data according to the various categories into whichthe immigrants to Palestine were divided in preceding


years. Of the categories enumerated, 43.79% of the Jewishimmigrants were persons with capital and their dependents;19.09% were persons coming to employment, or employed,and their dependents; 9.56% were dependents of residentsin Palestine; and the rest of the immigrants, 27.56%,belonged to other categories.

The distribution of the non-Jewish immigrants wasnotably different from that of the Jewish newcomers. Only45.96% of the total admitted were listed according to thecategories mentioned. Of these, 26.60% were dependentsof Palestine residents; 13.72% were persons coming toemployment; and only 5.64% persons of means. Over halfof the non-Jewish immigrants (54.04%) were listed asbelonging to other categories.

There is no official information on the number of per-sons refused admission.

The monthly immigration of Jews, during 1940, as dis-tinguished from registration, averaged 377. The largestnumber (925) was admitted in January, and the smallestnumber (77) in September. The monthly average for non-Jews was (80), the largest number (173) being admitted inJanuary, and the smallest number (27) in December.

2. From 1917 to 1940

From the date of the British occupation of Palestine,December 9, 1917, to the end of 1940, a total of 331,223Jews entered the country, the yearly number varyingbetween 61,854 in 1935 and 2,178 in 1928. The number ofJews that departed between December 9, 1917 and the endof 1921, was small. But, during the decade from 1922 to1931, a total of 27,809 Jews emigrated, or 29.53% of thenumber admitted. Figures for emigration during the sec-ond half of 1932 and the years 1933-1935 are not available.During the ten years 1922-1931, the yearly emigration ofJews varied between 666 in 1931 and 7,365 in 1926; andthe percentage of Jewish emigration to Jewish immigrationvaried between 6.36% in 1925 and 99.54% in 1928, (in1936 it was 2.60%) while in 1927, Jewish emigration ex-ceeded Jewish immigration by 86.92%. The net immigra-tion of Jews during 1922-1931 was 66,353. One year, 1927,


shows a decrease of 2,358 Jews, but all other years wit-nessed an increase of Jewish immigration over emigration,varying between 10 in 1928 and 31,650 in 1925.

A total of 26,106 non-Jews were admitted to the countryduring 1922-1940; and an additional small number betweenDecember 9, 1917 and May 31, 1921, for which period nostatistics of non-Jews were kept; and during 1922-1931,*a total of 13,309 departed, being 4,035 in excess of thenumber admitted. During 1922-1940, an average of7.71% of the yearly immigration was non-Jewish, theyearly percentage varying between 2.42% in 1925, and29.42% in 1928. The yearly immigration of non-Jewsvaried between 284 in 1922 and 2,395 in 1938, and theyearly emigration for 1922-1931, between 474 in 1924 and2,064 in 1926.

No statistics of non-Jewish emigration from 1932 to 1935 are available.


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TABLE XXXI

JEWISH IMMIGRATION TO PALESTINE BY CATEGORIES, 1940

Totalt CATEGORY A, i. Persons with L. P. 1,000 and

upwardiii. Skilled artisans with not less

than L. P. 2502. Dependents of persons in

Category A

CATEGORY CPersons coming to employ-

^. Dependents of persons inCategory C

CATEGORY DDependents of residents of

Palestine

OTHER CATEGORIES

Number

Total

5,6112,051

819

1,2321,014

489

525

718

1,828

Jews

4,5471,991

802

1,189868

396

472

435

1,253

Non-Jews

1,06460

17

43146

93

53

283

575

Distribution

Jews

100.0043.79

40.28

59.7219.09

45.62

54.38

9.56

27.56

Non-Jews

100.005.64

28.33

71.6713.72

63 70

36.30

26.60

54.04

TABLE XXXII

PRINCIPAL COUNTRIES OF ORIGIN OF JEWISH IMMIGRANTSINTO PALESTINE, 1939-1940

Total

Poland . . . .

Great Britain.

Other Countries

Number

1940

4,547

94087879149220917770443619178

866

1939

16,405

4241,7599,4902,314

15110494

10512

1484236

1,726

Distribution

1940

100.00

20.6719.3117.4010.824.603.891.540.970.790.420.370.18

19.04

1939

100.00

2.5910.7257.8514.110.920.630.570.640.070.900.260.22

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STATISTICS OF JEWS - AJC Archives · 1940," prepared by Mr. Moses Moskowitz, a member of the staff...

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