STATISTICS OF JEWS
STATISTICS OF JEWS
The present article on Statistics of Jews follows, in themain, the arrangement of data developed in previous issuesof the YEAR BOOK.
Ordinarily, the article would consist of five sections,to wit:
A. The Jews of the United StatesB. The Jewish Population of the WorldC. Jewish Immigration to the United StatesD. Jewish Immigration to Other CountriesE. Jewish Immigration to Palestine
This year, Section A, which was based on a study madein 1927, has been omitted, because Dr. H. S. Linfield haspresented in another place in this volume preliminary figuresbased on a study of the Jewish population of the UnitedStates for 1937, which he is now completing.1 Sections B,C, D, and E, based on official statistics or on estimate's,are given in full, with the exception that the cities of theUnited States have been omitted from Table XII, for rea-son stated above.
1 See above, pp. 181-186.
580 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK
LIST OF TABLES
A. The Jews of the United Stales'
TABLE PAGE
I: JEWS OF THE UNITED STATES, AND NUMBER OF CITIES,VILLAGES, AND RURAL DISTRICTS REPORTING JEWS, 1877-1937 182
II: NUMBER OF JEWS AND THEIR DISTRIBUTION BY GEO-GRAPHIC DIVISION, 1917, 1927, 1937 183
III: GROWTH OF THE JEWS OF THE UNITED STATES . . .184IV: DISTRIBUTION OF THE JEWS OF THE UNITED STATES BY
DIVISIONS, 1877-1937 184V: NUMBER OF JEWS AND THEIR DISTRIBUTION BY STATE,
1917, 1927 and 1937 18S
B. The Jewish Population of the World
VI: JEWS OF AMERICA, BY GEOGRAPHICAL DIVISIONS ANDCOUNTRIES 584
VII: JEWS OF EUROPE, BY GEOGRAPHICAL DIVISIONS ANDCOUNTRIES • 585
VIII: JEWS OF AFRICA, BY GEOGRAPHICAL DIVISIONS ANDCOUNTRIES 586
IX: JEWS OF ASIA, BY GEOGRAPHICAL DIVISIONS ANDCOUNTRIES 587
X: JEWS OF AUSTRALASIA, BY COUNTRIES 587XI: LIST OF COUNTRIES AND THEIR JEWISH POPULATIONS . .588
XII : LIST OF IMPORTANT CITIES AND THEIR JEWISH POPU-LATIONS 589
C. Jewish Immigration to the United Stales
XIII: JEWISH IMMIGRANTS ADMITTED, DEPARTED, DEBARRED,AND DEPORTED, 1938 595
XIV: JEWISH IMMIGRANTS ADMITTED, BY SEX, AGE, CONJU-GAL CONDITION, ETC., 1938 596
XV: DESTINATION OF JEWISH IMMIGRANTS, BY STATE,1938 597
XVI: PRINCIPAL COUNTRIES OF LAST RESIDENCE OF 'JEWISHIMMIGRANTS, 1938 598
XVII: SUMMARY OF JEWISH IMMIGRATION TO THE UNITEDSTATES, 1881-1938 599
XVIII: SUMMARY OF JEWISH IMMIGRATION TO THE UNITEDSTATES, 1908-1938 600
XIX: JEWISH IMMIGRANTS DEBARRED AND DEPORTED, 1899-1937 601
i See note p. 579.
STATISTICS OF JEWS 581
D. Jewish Immigration to Other American Countries and Africa
TABLE PAGE
XX: JEWISH IMMIGRATION TO CANADA, 1938 604XXI: SUMMARY OF JEWISH IMMIGRATION TO CANADA, 1901-
1938 605XXII: SUMMARY OF JEWISH IMMIGRATION TO CUBA, 1929-1937 605
XXIII: SUMMARY OF JEWISH IMMIGRATION TO BRAZIL, 1925-1936 606
XXIV: SUMMARY OF JEWISH IMMIGRATION TO URUGUAY, 1927-1936 606
XXV: SUMMARY OF JEWISH IMMIGRATION TO ARGENTINE, 1913-1936 607
XXVI: IMMIGRATION TO UNION OF SOUTH AFRICA, 1930-1938. . 607
E. Jewish Immigration to Palestine
XXVII: JEWISH IMMIGRATION TO PALESTINE, BY MONTHS, 1937 611XXVIII: JEWISH IMMIGRATION TO PALESTINE BY SEX AND AGE,
1938 612XXIX: JEWISH IMMIGRATION TO . PALESTINE, BY CATEGORIES,
1938 612XXX: SUMMARY OF JEWISH IMMIGRATION TO PALESTINE, 1917-
1938 613XXXI: PRINCIPAL COUNTRIES OF ORIGIN OF JEWISH IMMIGRA-
TIONTO PALESTINE, 1938 614
582 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK
A. THE JEWS OF THE UNITED STATES
Preliminary data on a recently completed study of theJewish population of the United States in 1937 are con-tained in the article by H. S. Linfield, "The Jews of theUnited States: Preliminary Figures for 1937.' (See above,pp. 181-186).
STATISTICS OF JEWS 583
B. JEWISH POPULATION OF THE WORLD
On the basis of the latest available authoritative sources,the total number of Jews in the world is here estimatedat 16,180,000. Of that number, 7,428,000 reside in a groupof countries bordering upon one another, located on thecontinent of Europe, which may be designated as the regionof Central Europe. This region includes Poland, Danzig,Lithuania, Latvia; Czechoslovakia, Hungary; Roumania,Russia (Crimea, Ukraine, and White Russia). In thisregion the Jews constitute fully 5J^% of the total popu-lation. Five million live in North America and the WestIndies, where the Jews constitute over 3% of the totalpopulation; 546,000 Jews live in Palestine and the sur-rounding countries of Arabia, Iraq, and Syria, constitut-ing 3.03% of the total population of that region. Over450,000 Jews reside in the Arab-speaking countries ofNorth Africa, namely, Tangiers, Morocco, Algeria, Tunis,Libya, and Egypt; in this region the Jews form 1.3% ofthe total population. In addition to these regions, theproportion of Jews to the total population is considerable inThe Netherlands (nearly 2%) and in the southeastern portionof Europe, namely, Greece (1.17%) and European Turkey(4.69%); in the southernmost country of the continent ofAfrica, namely, the Union of South Africa, where the Jewsconstitute 1% of the total population and nearly 5% ofthe white population in that country; and in the southern-most country of the American continent, namely, Argen-tina, where the Jews constitute over 2% of the total.
In all other regions the Jews constitute less than 1% ofthe total population. Of these, nearly 1,800,000 reside inwestern and southern Europe; nearly 200,000 in northernand eastern Europe (Russia and the Baltic countries); and27,000 reside in Australia and New Zealand; constitut-ing a little over 0.5% among the European peoples inEurope and nearly 0.36% among the white residents ofAustralia. Nearly 225,000 Jews reside among the peoplesof Asia Minor, and central and northern Asia; and onlyabout 160,000 Jews reside among the peoples of eastern
584 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK
and southern Asia (Japan, China, India and Indo-China),in Central Africa, Oceania, and Central and SouthernAmerica, exclusive of the Argentine Republic; and theproportion of Jews to non-Jews in those countries is verysmall. There are 51,000 Falashas, it is claimed, in Abyssinia.
Of the total number of 16,181,328 Jews in the world,9,394,072 reside in Europe, 601,797 in Africa, 815,243 inAsia, 27,016 in Australasia, and 5,343,200 in America.Thus, 58.05% live in Europe, 33.02% in America, 5.04%in Asia, 3.72% in Africa, and 0.17% in Australasia.
TABLE VI
JEWS OF AMERICA, BY
A L L COUNTRIES
North America and West Indies
United States (Continental). .Alaska. . . . . . .Canada.
Cuba
Haiti
Porto Rico
Panama Canal Zone
South and Central America.. .
Brazil. .Chile
Costa Rica
Micaragua
P e r u . . .Salvador
Uruguay
GEOGRAPHICAL DIVISIONS AND COUNTRIES
Gen.Population
249,809,633
161,323,633
129,257,00059,278
10,376.78616,552,7224,011,088
90,8701,544,5493,000,0001,138,5581,723,534
22,01229.190
88.486,000
12,760,88041,560,147
4,597,2548,705.540
471.525c3,001,715
337,039962,685c
1,133,572467,459936,126
6,500,0001,459,578c
171,3962,093,3313,327,753'
Yr.
193719301931193019331936193619361936193519301936
1938193619371938192719371937193419371930193719361930193719381936
JewishPopulation*
5,343,200
5,018,251
4,831,180600
155,614c20,000
7,80056655c
1502,000
1506274
324,949
260,00040,000
3,697ci2,045
500350
1,00025
100850c
1,2001,500
20780
12,000882c
Yr.
193719381931193519331929192019361935193819381938
193519331930193519391938193819381938193019301935193819.1719301926
PerCent
2.20
3.11
3.74
1 50
0 19
0.005
0.40
0 18
0 46
* The letter "c" following a figure indicates that it is based on a census.* Estimate for 1935, 15,000.1 Exclusive of 100,670 Indian population.
STATISTICS OF JEWS 585
TABLE VIIJEWS OF EUROPE, BY GEOGRAPHICAL DIVISIONS AND COUNTRIES
ALL COUNTRIES
Central Europe
Poland. .RoumaniaWhite Russia4
Ukraine*
Western and Southern Europe
GibraltarGreat Britain and Northern..
Serb-Croat-Slovene State
Turkey (Europe)10
Northern Europe
Finland. . . . .
Russia (R. S. F. S. R., exclusiveof Crimea and the Northwest)Sweden
Gen.Population
514,987,949
131,669.028
713,8239,807,096
407,51711,137,9931,950,5022,549,668
13,450,53334 775,69819,535,3985,439,400
31,901,400
295,042,252
1,003,1248,092,0046,077,939
347,9593,706,349
41,905,96876,444,016"
19,278
46,178,8846 204 6842,968,420
42 527.561296,913241,621
8,639,5956,825,883
812,03013,934,03823 563,8674,066,4001,185,719
88,276,669
1,126,4133,667,0672,814,194
74,384.2736,284,722
Yr.
19261938192919391935193819261939193719331933
19301930193419311935193619391938
1931192819361936193519311937193019351931193019301927
193419301930
19261937
JewishPopulation
9,394,072
7,428.125
45,926c356 830c1!
10,448c444,567c8
93,479c»155,125ci326.363c
3 113 900ca
900,000407 059c
1,574,428c
1,781,168
20460,000*48,565
75c5,690
240 000691,163"
886c
300,00072 791c3,686c
57,425c3,144
35156,817'
1,2003,117c
68,405c4,000
17,973c55,592c
184,779
4,302c1,772c1,359c
170,6936,653c
Yr.
192619301929"19301935192319261931193419261926
19301934193419311930193619391931
1931192819261938193519201933193119351931193419301927
193419301930
19261930
PerCent
1.82
5.64
6.43
2.56
4.79
2.43
0.60
0.02
0.800 02
0 570.90
0.651 17
1.06
0.380.49
0.444.69
0.21
0.380.050.05
0.23
1 Exclusive of the number of Jews in the district of Memel of 141,274 inhabitantson January 1, 1925.
2 Including part of refugees from Germany.8 Autonomous republic of Russia (R. S. F. S. R.).* Constituent republic of Russia (U. S. S. R.)- B Estimate.6 The returns of the 1930 census give 111,917 Jews, exclusive of the possible number of
Jews among the 1,144,393 enumerated as of "no religion" and 185 as of "unknownreligion."
7 The Governments of Leningrad, Pskow, Smolensk, Eriansk, and Moscow.8 Exclusive of the number of Jews in the annexed Czechoslovak territory» On basis of nationality. Of these, 88,552 are Latvian citizens.10 Total population, according to 1935 census, is 16,158,018; Jewish population,
78,730. Separate figures are not available, at this time, for Europe and for Asia.11 Number of Jews in territory which was formerly Czechoslovakia.» Including former Austria (6,760,233 in 1934) and Sudetenland (3,653,292).13 Including former Austria (191,481 in 1934), but not including the number of Jews
in the Sudeten area, formerly part of Czechoslovakia.i* Since this census was taken, virtually all the Jews of Danzig have emigrated.
586 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK
TABLE VIII
JEWS OF AFRICA, BY GEOGRAPHICAL DIVISIONS AND COUNTRIES
ALL COUNTRIES
Northern Part (Arabic-Speaking Countries)
Libya1
Morocco (French)Morocco (Spanish)
Tunis
Southern Part (Black Africa).
AbyssiniaCongo (Belgian)
Northern RhodesiaPortuguese East AfricaSouthern RhodesiaSouth-West AfricaTanganyika (German
East Africa)Union of South Africa
Gen.Population
77,632,017
33,740,776
7,234,684'15,904,525
839,5246,298,528
795,20260,000
2,608.313"
43,891,241
7,600,00010,240,499s3,334,191«1,386,081'4,895.750s
1,303,775*358,532'"
5,182,515"9,589,8981'
Yr.
1936193719361936193619361936
1936193819371931193619361936
19371936
JewishPopulation
601,797
452,558
110,12772.550"29,166c
161,312c!12,918*
7,000!59,485!
149,239
51,000"177305c426c100
2,021c200
1095,000c«
Yr.
1931193419361936193619361936
1936192319311931192319311925
19311936
PerCent
0.78
1.34
3.472.561.62
11.672.48!
0.34
0.03
1.00"
1 Of a total of 717,663 in census of 1931, there were 552,663 in Tripolitania .including21,342 Jews, and 165,000 in Cyrenaica, including 3,000 Jews, practically all in thetown of Bengazi. The total includes 48,749 Europeans; 29,749 in Tripolitania and19,000 in Cyrenaica.
2 Native Jews. Percentage is of total native population.3 The number of Jews residing at Alcazar, Arxila, Larache, and Tetuan.• Including 987,252 Europeans.• Including 23,091 Europeans.1 Including 32,871 Europeans and Arabs.7 Including 13,846 Europeans.I Including 120,750 non-natives.• Including 55,408 Europeans.18 Including 30,505 Europeans.II Including 9,128 Europeans.1S Including 2,003,857 Europeans.« 4.76% of the total white population." Official estimate; 1927 census, 63,550 (0.45%).i« Falashas." Including 8.926 Europeans and 32,255 Asiatics.17 Including 213,205 Europeans.
STATISTICS OF JEWSTABLE IX
JEWS OF ASIA,, BY GEOGRAPHICAL DIVISIONS AND COUNTRIES
587
ALL COUNTRIES
Palestine and NeighboringCountries
PalestineTransj ordanSyria, Lebanon, Latakia,
Diebel DruzeIraQArabiaAden and Perim
Asia Minor, Central andNorthern Asia
AfghanistanPersiaRussia (R. S. F. S. R.) in Asia1.Transcaucasian Republic2....Turkmenistan3
Turkey (in Asia)"TTzhplHstanS
Eastern and Southern Asia...
British MalayaChinaHong KongIndia (States and Agencies). .Indo-China (French)Empire of Japan
Gen.Population
1.022,725,919
18,021,412
1,418,618364,000
3,630,0003,560,4569,000,000
48,338
70,732,172
11,000,00015,000,00018,845,6217,110,8001,268,900
12,462,5515,044,300
933,972,335
1,344,545457.835,475
1,006,982352,837,778
23.250,00097,697,555
Yr.
19381934
1935193519381931
1938,193519261933193319271933
193819361937193119361935
JewishPopulation
815,243
546,179
399,807200
26,051c90.970c
25,0004,151
222,920
5,00040,00049,571c62,194c2,041c
26,280c37,834c
46,144
703c19,850*
25024,141c
1,000<200
Yr.
19381934
19331935
1931
1929193519261926192619271926
192119351935193119241938
PerCent
0.08
3.03
28.180.05
2.56
8.59
0.32
0.270.26
0.21
0.005
0.01
1 Including the Far Eastern Region, Yakutsk Republic, Buriat-Mongul Republic.Siberian Region, and the autonomous republic of Kirghizia.! A constituent republic of Russia (U. S. S. R.), which includes Armenia, Azer-bajdjan, and Georgia.
" Constituent republic of Russia (U. S. S. R.).* The number of Jews residing at Haiphong, Hanoi, Saigon and Tourane.1 Including 8,000 in Harbin, 5,500 in Shanghai, 3.500 in Tientsin, and 1,000 in
Moukden—est. of Shanghai Lodge B'nai B'rith.a Total population, according to 1935 census, is 16,158,018; Jewish population,78,730. Separate figures are not available, at this time, for Europe and for Asia.
TABLE XJEWS OF AUSTRALASIA, BY COUNTRIES
Countries
ALL COUNTRIES
New ZealandPhilippine Islands
Gen.Population
21.588,028
6,629,839411,485
1,491,484'13,055,220
Yr.
1933193819361934
JewishPopulation
27,016
23,553c310
2,653c500
Yr.
1933193419361934
PerCent
0.13
0.36
0.180.004
1 Exclusive of Maoris, having a population of 63,670.
588 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK
TABLE XI
A LIST OF COUNTRIES AND THEIR JEWISH POPULATIONS
Name of Country Number of Jews1 Name of Country Number of Jews
AbyssiniaAden and PerimAfghanistanAlaskaAlbaniaAlgeriaArabiaArgentinaAustraliaBelgiumBrazilBritish MalayaBulgariaCanadaChileChinaColombiaCongo (Belgian)Costa RicaCrimeaCubaCuracaoCyprusCzechoslovakiaDanzigDenmarkDominican Republic.. .EgyptEsthoniaFinlandFranceGermanyGibraltarGreat Britain and
Northern Ireland....GreeceGuatemalaGuiana (British)HaitiHawaiiHondurasHong KongHungaryIndiaIndo-China (French)...IraqIrish Free StateItalyJamaica.JapanJugoslaviaKenyaLatviaLibya
51,0004.1515,000
600204
110,12725,000
260,00023,55360,00040,000
70348,565
155,6143,697
19,8502,045
177500
45,9267,800
56675
356,83010,4485,690
5572,5504.3021,772
240,000691,163
886
300,00072,791
3501,000
150310
25250
444,56724,141
1,00090,9703,686
57,4252,000
20068,405
30593,47929,166
LithuaniaLuxemburgMaltaMexicoMorocco (French)Morocco (Spanish)....NetherlandsNew ZealandNicaraguaNorwayPalestinePanamaPanama Canal Zone.. .ParaguayPersiaPeruPhilippine Islands. . . .PolandPorto RicoPortugalPortuguese East AfricaRhodesia (Northern). .Rhodesia (Southern). .RoumaniaRussia (R. S. F. S. R.)
in AsiaRussia (R. S. F. S. R.)
in EuropeRussia (U. S. S. R.). . .Saar BasinSalvatorS. W. AfricaSpainSurinam(DutchGuianaSwedenSwitzerlandSyria and Lebanon....TanganyikaTangier ZoneTrans-Caucasian Rep..TransjordanTunisiaTurkmenistanTurkey in AsiaTurkey in Europe. . . .UkraineUnion of South Africa.United States2
UruguayUzbekistan Republic. .VenezuelaVirgin IslandsWhite Russia
155.1253,144
3520,000
161,31212,918
156.8172,653
1001.359
399,80785074
1,20040,000
1,500500
3,113,900150
1,200100426
2,021900,000
49,571
539,2722,672.499
3,11720
2004,000
7806,653
17,97326,051
107,000
62,194200
59,4852,041
26,28055,592
1,574,42895,000
4,831.18012,00037,834
88262
407,059
1 See footnote 1 on next page.- Continental; not including Jews in Alaska and other possessions.
STATISTICS OF JEWS 589
TABLE XIILIST OF IMPORTANT CITIES AND THEIR JEWISH POPULATION*
NOTE: Superior figures next to population figures indicate year of census or estimate; e. g., « indi-cates 1935; M indicates 1936; etc.
Name of City GeneralPopulation
JewishPopu-lation1 Name of City General
PopulationJewishPopu-lation^
AdrianopolAlexandriaAlgiersAmsterdamAntwerp
_ d«(Iraq)BaselBelgrade (Jugoslavia)Berdichev(U.S.S.R.).BerlinBialystockBirminghamBombayBreslauBrussels4
BucharestBudapestBuenos Aires
CairoCalcutta1
Cape TownCologne (see Koln)...Constantine (Algeria).CopenhagenCracowCzernowitz
DamascusDublinDvinsk
Edinburgh
FlorenceFrankfurt a. MGenevaGlasgow
36,000"'682,1013'252,321"781,660"274,406"
288,352"148,063"°238,775"
53,100334,242,50133
76,7921,002,603"1,161,383"
625,198"905,312"643,293"
l,006,184»2,317,755"
1,307,422"'l,485,582>i
119,173"
106,830"«843,168s '219,286"110,357"
193,9123'309,272"
45,1603'
420.264"'
319,1413«555,85733
124,121'o1,088,417"'
5,697cn
27,2003323,550c3i65,5583322,000!"
42,799c1*2,563c3o8,936c3i
30,812c"160,564c's
39.6026,000"8,620"i
20,202c""20,000"50,000"
204,371c»«120,000
38,100331,20031
11,079"
13,110c"5,640"
45,828c3i43,555"
10,0003,500"
Il116
2,5863126,158c33
2.224c3o15,000"
HaifaHamburgHarbinHull
Istanbul
JaffaJassyJerusalemJohannesburg.
KharkovKievKishinevKolnKovno
LeedsLeipzigLeningradLibau (Latvia)LisbonLiverpoolLodzLondon3
LublinLwowLuxemburg. . .
Manchester. . .MarseillesMinskMontrealMoscow
Newcastle
100,000"1,129,30733
330,43638287,013"
741,148"
69,0003"104,5413'126.OOO1'203,298"
654,30033538,60033114,101"756,6053310S,1983>
458,320"713,47033
2,776.4003357.0981'
594,39030855,68831604.62931
8.282,1183'112,28531312,23131
57,74035
989,775914,232s '180,90033818,57731
3,663,30033
274,9553"
58.0003'16,885c338,000"'2,500"
47,1730"
15,0003'45,000"77,OOO">25,826c"
81,139c"140,256c"80.000"14,816c3325,044c"
25,000"Il,564c3384.503c"
7.368c"l.lSO'3
7,000"191,72Oc3i233,991"'38,001c'i75,316c"
1,395"°
37,5002,00031
53,686c"57,710c"
131,747c"
2,5003'
*Not including cities of the United States.' It should be borne in mind that the figures for the number of Jews arrived at on the basis of
a religious or nationality census, are minima. This is partly due to the fact that there is some-times a tendency on the part of census enumerators to minimize the number of persons of a minorityreligion or nationality, and partly because some Jews report their nationality as that of the ma-jority population, or decline to answer the question as to religion or nationality. For example, inthe 1921 census of Czechoslovakia as many as 724,507 persons refused to give their religious affilia-tion. The number of Jews for that country given in this article does not include the possible num-ber of Jews among those that refused to give their religious affiliation.
a Figure for "Liwa," i. e.. Administrative district.1 Greater London. Administrative County has 184,063 Jews. ' Including suburbs.
590 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK
TABLE XII (Cont.)
Name of City
OdessaOran (Algeria)Oslo
Panama CityParisPrague
Raba t ( M o r o c c o ) . . . .Riga
SalonicaSarajewo (Jugoslavia)Shanghai*SmyrnaSofia. . .StockholmStrasbourg
GeneralPopulation
420,862"194,746"253,124'°
74,409'°2,829,746"
848,081s"
83,379"385,063"
1,148,948"
236,524"78,173"
3,489,998"170,546"287,976"497,367"181,465"
JewishPopu-lation
153,243c*>20,490c"
749c»°
471c»°175,000"35,463 c'°
43[558c=»11,280"
55,250c"9,320»5,500='
16,215c«25,863c"
3,432c10
7,000'i
Name of City
Tallinn (Es thon i a ) . . .Tel-AvivTorontoTriesteTripoli (Libya)Tunis 'Turin (Italy)
Vienna
WarsawWellington (N. Z . ) . . .WilnoWinnipeg
Zagreb (Jugoslavia). .Zurich
GeneralPopulation
127.OOO'8140.00038
631.207'1242,681"
98,861"219,578"623,454"
1,874,581"
1,171,898"149,971"207,750s1
218,785"
185,581"312,600='
JewishPopu-lation
1,929c140,000"45,205c
4,627"15,590""27,345"3,758"
178,034c
333,354c896c
54,596c17,153c
9,500"5,728c
* Including suburbs.1 Exclusive of Europeans.
STATISTICS OF JEWS 591
C. IMMIGRATION OF JEWS TO THE
UNITED STATES
1, During the Year Ended June 30, 1938
Admissions and Departures.—During the year endedJune 30, 1938, a total of 19,736 Jewish immigrants wereadmitted to the United States, 57.5% more than the pre-ceding year (11,352). During the same period, 255 Jewsemigrated from the country. The net increase through im-migration was thus 19,481.
Deportations and Debarments.— During the fiscal year,ended June 30, 1938, a total of 84 Jews previously admittedwere deported, and 339 applying for admission were de-barred. The former number represents 0.43% of the netincrease of Jewish immigrants over emigrants, while thenumber of debarred constitutes 1.72% of those admitted.These percentages are considerably lower than in the pre-ceding years — less than one-sixth as high as in 1932 and1933, and the lowest since 1924. There was also a drop,compared with the preceding year, in the percentages ofboth debarment and deportation for the immigration as awhole, though the ratios are still very much higher thanfor the Jewish immigration. Thus, the percentage of alldeportations to the total net increase for the year was 21.73%(37.56% for the preceding year), and the percentage of thetotal debarred was 11.88% of the total admitted (16.07%for the preceding year).
Countries of Origin.— Since 1931, there has been a de-crease of Jewish immigration from a group of adjacentcountries in Eastern Europe in which live almost half ofthe total number of Jews in the world.1 For a~number ofyears before 1931, these countries contributed close to two-thirds of the total Jewish immigration to the United States.In that year, the Jewish immigration from these countriesdropped from 64.95% to 56.24% of the total Jewish immi-gration; the percentage remained approximately stationaryin 1932 (57.31%), and in 1933 (57.29%). In the latter
1 Poland, Lithuania, Latvia, Austria, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Roumania, Russia.
592 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK
year, Jewish immigration from Germany, which had there-tofore been negligible, began to become numerically signi-ficant, although only 3.04% for the year ending June 30,1933. In the following year, however, the immigration fromGermany was 43.20% of the total, whereas the immigrationfrom the former major sources of Jewish immigration droppedto 27.94% of the total Jewish influx. In 1935, the numbercoming from Germany (34.80% of the total) almost equal-led the number from the Eastern European countries. In1936, the immigration from Germany rose to 52.53%, whilethe admissions from Eastern Europe fell to 21.32%, of thetotal Jewish immigration; and in 1937 and 1938, the dif-ference was even more pronounced.
The number of Jews coming from Germany, includingAustria, during 1938 was fully three-fifths of the totalJewish immigration (60.38%); only 15.67% came fromEastern Europe, and 23.95% from the remaining countries.Of the latter group of 4,726 immigrants, 1,183 came fromCanada, 1,140 from Palestine, 297 from The Netherlands,279 from Great Britain, 363 from France, 251 from Cuba,and the rest from other countries.
Destination of Immigrants.— Jewish immigrants to theUnited States during the fiscal year were destined to forty-seven states and the District of Columbia, the states rankinghighest being New York, Illinois, California, Pennsylvania,New Jersey, Ohio, Michigan, Massachusetts, Missouri,Texas,Maryland, Connecticut, District of Columbia, Wisconsin,and Indiana, in the order given.
Sex.— Of the total number of Jewish immigrants ad-mitted during the fiscal year, 53.75% were males and 46.25%were females; while for the immigration as a whole, the per-centage of males was considerably lower than that of females(44.13% males and 55.87% females).
Age.— The Jewish immigration differed but slightly fromthe total in the matter of age distribution. Of the total numberof Jewish immigrants, 17.11% were children under 16 yearsof age, 65.44% were persons between 16 and 44, and 17.45%were 45 years or over. In the total immigration, the propor-tions were not much different. The percentage of those from16 to 44 years of age was higher (69.32%), and the other two
STATISTICS OF JEWS 593
age groups, a little lower, than in the Jewish immigration(15.00% for those under sixteen and 15.68% for the oldergroup).
Conjugal Condition.— The largest proportion of immi-grants arriving in the country was in the group of singlepersons — fully 51% of all immigrants, both for the totaland for Jews. The next largest group was that of marriedpersons:44.24% for the Jewish immigrants, with almost ashigh a ratio (43.18%) for the total. Of the remaining im-migrants, 3.58% were widowed and 1.04% were divorced,among the Jews; and 4.45% widowed and 0.91% divorced,among the total.
Family Character of Jewish Immigration.— The differ-ence, even if slight, in age grouping of the Jewish immigra-tion from the total indicates that the Jewish immigration ismore largely of a family character. This is also evidentfrom the fact that 89.68% of the Jewish immigrants cameto join relatives as compared with 83.09% for the totalimmigration; and only 4.27% of the Jewish immigrants hadneither relatives nor friends here, as compared with 9.18%for the total number of immigrants.
Financial Condition.— The Jewish immigrants (29.07%of the total) brought in more than two-fifths (42.63%) of theaggregate amount of money shown to be in the possessionof all the immigrants. The number of immigrants showingthe possession of money was 75.19% for the total and70.96% for the Jews.
2. During the Six Months, July—December, 1938
For the fiscal year which ended June 30, 1939, completeofficial figures for only the first six months were available atthe time this article was written. These figures show thatthe number of Jews admitted during this period (23,564)was 51.59% of the total immigration and that Jewish im-migrants exceeded Jewish emigrants by 23,459. Of thegeneral immigration the excess of admissions over depart-
, ures was 31,648, a continuing rise in net increase. The pro-portion of Jews debarred during the six months was higher
594 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK
than for the preceding fiscal year (5.13% during the sixmonths, compared with 4.20% during the preceding year);so was also the proportion of Jews deported (1.15% duringJuly — December, compared with 0.91% during the pre-ceding fiscal year.)
3. From 1881 to 1938
Of the earlier waves of Jewish immigration to the UnitedStates, which were made up chiefly of immigrants fromSpain, Portugal, and Holland, and form Germany, no reli-able statistics are available. Such statistics were recordedonly beginning in 1881,'but these are not complete for theentire period since then. For the seventeen years from 1881to 1898, we have statistics only for the number of Jews ad-mitted at the ports of New York, Philadelphia, and Balti-more. For the next eight years (1899-1907) we have figuresfor the number of Jews admitted at all ports. It is onlysince 1908 that statistics of departures as well as of arrivalshave been recorded.
Nothwithstanding these deficiencies and gaps, we are ina position to arrive at an approximate figure for the totalJewish immigration since 1881. From 1908, when the num-ber of departures began to be recorded, up to 1914, afterwhich the World War and restrictive legislation interruptedthe free flow of immigration, the percentage of Jewsdepartingto those admitted was 7.14%. We may assume that the samepercentage held good during the period 1899-1907 for whichwe have complete figures for Jewish admissions. If thisassumption is correct, the number of Jews admittedduring those years totalled 829,244. For the period from1881-1898 we have figures only for Jews admitted at theports of New York, Philadelphia, and Baltimore. We mayperhaps assume that the number of departures during thoseyears equalled the number of admissions at other ports; inother words, that the total number of Jews admitted at allports equalled the number admitted at the three ports men-tioned, namely, 533,478. Adding the net increases for thesetwo periods, thus arrived at, to the net increase from 1908.to 1938, for which official statistics are available, we find
STATISTICS OF JEWS 595
that the total net increase of the Jewish population of theUnited States as a result of immigration was 2,380,426 forthe fifty-eight years from 1881 to 1938.
Table XVII, which is a summary of the immigrationand emigration, to and from the United States, since 1881,shows the fluctuations in the annual averages of the num-ber of Jews who arrived, caused in turn by the World War,the post-war condition of European Jews, and the opera-tion of the several quota restriction laws and the executiveorder of 1931 for the strict application of the "likely to be-come a public charge" provision of the immigration law.
TABLE XIII
JEWISH IMMIGRANTS ADMITTED, DEPARTED, DEBARREDAND DEPORTED, JULY 1, 1937-JUNE 30, 1938, AND
JULY-DECEMBER 1938
Admission1
Departure2
IncreaseDebarredDeported
July 1, 1937—June 30, 1938
Total
67,89525,21042,6858,0669,275
Jews
19,736255*
19,48133984
P. C.
29.071.01
45.644.200.91
July—December, 1938
Total
45,67814,03031,6483,6034,346
Jews
23,564105
23,45918550
P. C.
51.590.75
74.125.131.15
1 In addition, 184,802 non-immigrants, including 7,054 Jews (3.82%) were admittedduring the year ended June 30, 1938, and 95,880 non-immigrants, including 4,095 Jews,during July-December 1938.2 In addition, 197,404 non-emigrant aliens departed during the year ended June 30,1938, including 4,049 Jews (2.05%); and 100,028, including 2,219 Jews, during July-December 1938.8 56 to Palestine, 47 to Great Britain, 25 to Canada, 18 to Russia, 17 to Poland, 16 toGermany (including Austria), 9 to Cuba, 9 to France, 7 to Argentine, 7 to Hungary,and 44 to other countries.
596 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK
TABLE XIV
JEWISH IMMIGRANTS ADMITTED, BY SEX, AGE, CONJUGALCONDITION, FINANCIAL CONDITION, ETC., YEAR ENDED
JUNE 30, 1938
Immigrants Admitted . . .
SEXMalesFemales
AGEUnder 1616-4445 and over
MARITAL CONDITIONSingleMarried
Divorced
FINANCIAL CONDITIONAmount of money shown .No. showing S50 or over..No. showing less than $50No. not stating financial
condition
PERSONS JOINEDRelatives
None
Number
Total
67,895
29,95937,936
10,18147,06810,646
34,94229,3143,019
620
$14,782,65333,20517,847
16,843
56,4145 2516,230
Jews
19,736
10,6089,128
3,37612,9163,444
10,0938,731
706206
$6,302,03910,3683,636
5,732
17,7001 194
842
Distribution
Total
100.00
44.1355.87
15.0069.3215.68
51.4643.184.450.91
48.9026.29
24.81 •
83.097 739.18
Jews
100.00
53.7546.25
17.1165.4417.45
51.1444.24
3.581.04
52.5418.42
29.04
89.686.054.27
STATISTICS OF JEWS 597
TABLE XV
DESTINATION OF JEWISH IMMIGRANTS BY STATEYEAR ENDED JUNE 30, 1938
UNITED STATES
CaliforniaConnecticutDistrict of Columbia...
IndianaMarylandMassachusettsMichiganMissouriNew JerseyNew YorkOhioPennsylvaniaTexasWisconsinOther States
Total
67,895
5,6421,355
4033,902
548436
3.0314,273
4653,573
28,8392,1993,3471,587
6197,676
Jews
19,736
1,051175131
1,331121179270455219709
12,214535820206122
1,198
P. C.
29.07
18.6312.9232.5134.1122.0841.068.91
10.6547.1019.8442.3524.3324.5012.9819.7115.61
Distribution
Total
100.00
8.312.000.595.750.810.644.466.290.685.26
42.483.244.932.340.91
11.31
Jews
100.00
5.330.890.666.740.610.911.372.311.113.59.
61.892.714.151.040.626.07
•Alabama (50), Arizona (1), Arkansas (34), Colorado (53), Delaware (18), Florida(79), Georgia (77), Idaho (11), Iowa (19), Kansas (9), Kentucky (55), Louisiana (96)Maine (20), Minnesota (71), Mississippi (35), Montana (3), Nebraska (60), Nevada (2),New Hampshire (12), New Mexico (20), North Carolina (17), North Dakota (34),Oklahoma (60), Oregon (51), Rhode Island (52). South Carolina (11), South Dakota (9),Tennessee (90), Utah (11), Vermont (2), Virginia (52), Washington (62), [and WestVirginia (22).
598 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK
TABLE XVI
PRINCIPAL COUNTRIES OF LAST RESIDENCE OF JEWISH IMMIGRANTSYEAR ENDED JUNE 30, 1938
ALL COUNTRIES
CENTRAL EUROPEANCOUNTRIES
Czechoslovakia
Poland
Russia
GERMANY (includingAustria)
OTHER COUNTRIES
Italy
PalestineCanadaCuba
Other Countries
Total
67,895
7,418
3,203973125305
2,40334663
17,199
43,278
478157
1,4752 2627,712
698617613
1,29114 0701,2502 502
10,1531
Jews
19,736
3,093
567416
86162
1,65317633
11,917
4,726
178122363279
80297178123
1,1401 183
251145387!
P.C.
29.07
41.70
17.7042.7568.8053.1168.7950.8752.38
69.29
10.92
37.2477.7124.6112.33
1.0442.5528.8520.0788.308.41
20.085.803.81
Distribution
Total
100.00
10.93
43.1813.12
1.694.11
32.394.660.85
25.33
63.74
1.100.363.415.23
17.821.611.431.422.98
32.512.895.78
23.46
Jews
100.00
15.67
18.3313.452.785.24
53.445.691.07
60.38
23.95
3.772.587.685.901.696 293.772.60
24.1225.035.313 078.19
STATISTICS OF JEWS 599
>XI
s
I
O ft IN <O'I ' •*
1 1 1 1
3
600 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK
I
t*5 \ o © > > o m - * o o ^ © **• O 0 0 ^ i ; r o W W ( S » O - ^ 0 0 O > ( * 5 r o O \ 0 0 0 0 C S | , . , i ^ O
1 \o 10 *H
1 1 1 !
i" Or\0*' *r*1)"oO*t-*Oo"^1O^P-rvo"rOI^>0^0 ^ f i ' O ON CO in \o"u->0OCN>OCs(S00l^'O-00t--Qit^r--t--.vO»O'OOC0(Y)T')r0Csl(S
O O ^* f j r^ ^^ Q\ r^ &N C *i ,' ^3 ^^ ^H ^^ ^H I^ ^4 ^^ ^* J* ^O ^ O
D oo to cJ «H o" io oT <N" yj" * ^" >O !"•• Ov •-' r^ "l fi O* "•£ O O" r-
STATISTICS OF JEWS 601
TABLE XIX
JEWISH IMMIGRANTS REJECTED ON APPLICATION FOR ADMISSION ANDTHOSE DEPORTED FROM THE UNITED STATES AFTER
ADMISSION, 1899-1938
Year
1899-1910191119121913191419151916191719181919 .19201921 . . . .1922192319241925192619271928192919301931193219331934193519361937.1938
Total 1899-1938
Total 1911-1938
Debarred
Number
Total
116,25522,34916,05719,93833,04124,11118.86716,0287,2978,626
11,79513,77913,73120,61930,28425,39020,55019,75518,83918,1278,2339,7447,0645,5275,3845,5583,0208,0768,066
536,110
Jews
10,7851,9991,0641,2242,5061,398
949607222199268
1,1951,2561,4551,7541,137
8711,090
898610275405314276211208157368339
34,040
Per Cent toAdmission
Total
1.22.51.91.62.77.36.35.46.56.12.71.74.43.94.38.66.75.96.16.483.41
10.0319.8623.9618.2715.908.31
16.0711.88
2.71
Jews
1.02.11.31.21.95.26.23.56.06.51.81.02.32.93.5
11.18.49.47.74.892.397.12
11.4011.645.104.302.513.241.72
1.73
Deported
Number
Total
12,1772,7882,4563,4614,1372,6702,9061,918
7963,1022,7624,5174,3453,6614,2949,495
10,90411,66211,62512,90816,63118,14219,42619,8658,8798,3199,1958,8299,275
231,145
218,968
Jews
1,303209191253317687946271753
13421499
11325017518421315316415014713811496
10710984
5,207
3,904
Per Cent toNet Increase
Total
.5
.4
.4
.42.11.8
.94.9
17.61.9
.83.9
.82
.684.74.74.45.16.138.71
51.46
37.5621.73
3.31
Jews
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.5
.3
.9
.7
.4
.1
.4
.02
.22.51.71.61.91.251.462.796.386.942.992.131.800.980.43
0.46
602 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK
D. JEWISH IMMIGRATION TO OTHER AMERICANCOUNTRIES AND AFRICA
Canada. During the year ended March 31, 1938, atotal of 584 Jews entered Canada (267 from the UnitedStates), 3.73% of the total. There was a higher per-centage of females than of males among the immigrantsarriving, the difference being greater in the total immigra-tion. (48.46% males and 51.54% females among theJews, and 41.73% males and 58.27% females among thetotal immigration). The immigrants of 18 years or overconstituted 66.95% of the total number of Jewish immi-grants, while for the total number of immigrants, thecorresponding percentage was 63.85%.
24.14% of the Jewish immigrants admitted were traders;8.56% mechanics; 3.08% female domestic servants;2.40% laborers; and 2.40% farmers. This occupationaldistribution varied from that of the other immigrants,where the farming class constituted 22.33%.
Of the total number of Jews that entered the country(584 — 317 via ocean ports and 267 from the United States),179 were born in the United States, 6 in Canada, 7 in Asia(4 in Palestine and 3 in China), 6 in Africa, and 3 inAustralia; the remainder (383) came from European coun-tries. Of this number, three-fifths (228) came from Polandalone (39.04% of the total number of Jews admitted toCanada), 52 came from Russia, and 34 from England.Of the total number of immigrants (15,645) that enteredCanada, 4)246, more than one-fourth, (27.14%), were bornin the United States, and 568 were born in Canada.
Over nine-tenths (91.61%) of the Jewish immigrantswere bound for the three provinces of Ontario (52.40%),Quebec (33.22%) and Manitoba (5.99%). Of the totalnumber of immigrants, over two-thirds were bound forthe same provinces, and of these, 43.84% went to Ontario,17.25% to Quebec and 8.95% to Manitoba.
During 1901 to 1938, a total of 128,935 Jews enteredCanada, constituting 2.18% of the total.
Cuba. During 1936, a total of 338 Jews entered Cuba.The number of Jewish immigrants during 1937 was esti-mated as about 200. A more accurate figure was not avail-
STATISTICS OF JEWS 603
able. Compared with preceding years, the figure is low.There has been a gradual decrease since 1934, when theJewish immigrants numbered 612. The total immigration,in 1937, also shows a decrease, but to a lesser extent. From1929 to 1936, a total of 3,973 Jews entered the country.The number of Jewish immigrants that entered Cubaduring 1929-1936 constituted 7.87% of the total.
Brazil. During 1936, a total of 3,450 Jewish immigrantswere admitted to Brazil, and during 1937, 2,004. From1925 to 1937, a total of 43,449 Jews entered the country.The number of Jewish immigrants admitted during 1925-1936 constituted 5.37% of the total number of personsadmitted.
Uruguay. During 1936, 1,262 Jews entered Uruguay, andduring 1937, 1,100. From 1927 to 1937, a total of 12,513Jews entered the country. The number of Jewish immi-grants admitted during 1927-1936 constituted 0.67% ofthe total number of persons admitted.
Argentine. During 1933, a total of 1,962 Jews enteredArgentine, constituting 8.06% of the total number ofimmigrants admitted to the country during that year.In 1934, the Jewish immigration totalled 2,215, 8.04% ofthe total; in 1935, 3,169, 7.06%; and in 1936,4,261,8.95%.During the period of 25 years of 1913-1937, a total of113,629 Jews entered the country. The number of Jewishimmigrants admitted during 1913-1936 constituted 4.85%of the total admitted.
Union of South Africa. We have data on Jewish immi-gration to the Union of South Africa from 1930 to 1938.This is for European immigration only. According to thisinformation, Jewish immigrants constituted 23.09% ofthe total number of immigrants during the nine years(11,232 Jews out of a total of 46,708). The percentage ofJewish immigration varies from 31.86% in 1930 to 7.61%in 1938. The year 1934 showed a rise in immigration to thatcountry, both Jewish and total (1,123 Jews in 1934, com-pared with 745 in the preceding year), but the ratio ofJewish immigration to the total was about the same; 1935showed practically no change. But, in 1936, the immigra-tion of Jews increased three times. This increase is due
604 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK
entirely to the rise in the immigration from Germany,from which there arrived as many as 2,577 during the year(77.06% of the total Jewish immigration to the country).In 1937, however, Jewish immigration dropped again to954, and in 1938, to 566, the lowest number since 1930,while the total remained about the same as in the pre-ceding year. The number of Jewish immigrants admittedduring 1930-1938 constituted 24.06% of the total.
TABLE XXJEWISH IMMIGRATION TO CANADA, BY SEX, AGE,
OCCUPATION AND DESTINATION, 1938
Total
Via Ocean PortsFrom United States
SEXMalesFemales
AGEUnder 18 years18 years and over
OCCUPATIONFarmersLaborersMechanicsTrading and Clerical ClassesFemale Domestic Servants. .Other Classes
COUNTRY OF BIRTHEnglandGermanyLithuaniaPolandRoumaniaRussiaUnited StatesOther countries
DESTINATIONOntarioQuebecManitobaAlbertaBritish ColumbiaNova ScotiaSaskatchewan. . .New BrunswickPrince Edward IslandYukon TerritoryNorthwest Territories
Number
Total
15,645
10,0025,643
6,5289,117
5,6569,989
3,493514850
1,219842
8,727
1,62520855
2,14533194
4,2466,941
6,8592,6991,4001,2201,647
83261829256184
Jews
584
317267
283301
193391
141450
14118
347
342314
2281152
17943
3061943514141353
Distribution
Total
100.00
63.9336.07
41.7358.27
36.1563.85
22.333.295.437.795.38
55.78
10.391.330.35
13.712.110.60
27.1444.37
43.8417.258,957.80
10.535.323.951.870.360.110.02
Jews
100.00
54.2845.72
48.4651.54
33.0566.95
2.402.408.56
24.143.08
59.42
5.823.942.40
39.041.888.91
30.657.36
52.4033.225.992.402.402.220.860,51
STATISTICS OF JEWS 605
TABLE XXI
Year
1901190219031904190519061907190819091910191119121913191419151916191719181919
SUMMARY
Total
49,14967,379
128,364130,331146,266189.064124,667262,469146,908208,794311,084354,237402,432384,878144,78948.53775,37479,07457,702
OF JEWISH IMMIGRATION
Jews1
2.76S1,0152,0663,7277,7157,1276,5847,7121,6363,1825,1465,3227,387
11,2523,107
651363222
Per CentJews to To-
tal
5.61.51.62.85.23.85.22.91.11.51.61.51.82.92.1
1.1
0.40.04
Year
1920192119221923192419251926192719281929193019311932193319341935193619371938
Total
TO CANADA, 1901-1938
Total
117,336148,47789,99972,887
148,560111,36296,064
143,991151,597167,722163.28888,22325,75219,78213,90312,13611,10312,02315,645
5,921,348
Jews1
1162,7638,4042,7934,2554,4594,0144,8634,7663,8484,1643,421
649772943624880619584
128.935
Per CentJews to To-
tal
.091.99.33.82.84.4.183.383.142.292.553.882.523.906.065.147.935.153.73
2.18
1 The figures for the Jews entering Canada during 1901-1925 are exclusive of thosewho entered from the United States.
TABLE XXII
SUMMARY OF JEWISH IMMIGRATION OF CUBA, 1929-1937
Year
19291930..1931193119331934193519361937
Total 1929 1937
Total
17 17912,2192,7961,8922 8373,3173,7653,9322,072
50, 009
Jews
4761,374
208165197612403338200i
3,973
P. C.
2.7711.257.448.726.94
18.4510.708.609.65
7.94
1 Estimate.
606 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK
TABLE XXIII
SUMMARY OF JEWISH IMMIGRATION TO BRAZIL, 1925-1936
Year
1925192619271928192919301931193219331934 . . . . . .193519361937
Total 1925—1936
Tota l '
84,883121,569101,56882,061
100,42467,06631,41034 68348,81250,37135,91312,773
771,533
Jews
2,624!3,906!5,167!
4,055!5,610"3,5581.940<2,049'3,317'4,010*1,759'3.45CC2,004'
41,445
P. C.
3.093.215.094.945.595.316.185.916.807.964.90
27.01
5.37
1 Communicated by the Consul General of Brazil in New York City.2 Communicated by Hicem.8 Communicated by lea.4 Communicated by Hias.
TABLE XXIV
SUMMARY OF JEWISH IMMIGRATION TO URUGUAY, 1927-1936
Year
192719281929193019311932193319341935 . . . .19361937
Total 1927—1936
Total
183,386180,654184,514230,464'160,000'120,670'105,985'158,954'176,264196,205
1,697,096
Jews1
771!1,500"2,000"1,600"l,250«
765«500'
l,205«560'
1.262'1,100'
11,413
P. C.
0.420.831.080.690.780.630.470.760.320.64
0.67
1 lea.2 Number assisted by local Jewish Committee.> Number assisted in 1928, 1,270; in 1929, 1,449.* Anuario Estadistico.B Estimate of Consul General.6 Hias.7 Estimate, as given by Hias.
STATISTICS OF JEWS 607
TABLE XXV
SUMMARY OF JEWISH IMMIGRATION TO ARGENTINE, 1913-1936
Year
19131914-19181919 . . .19201921 . .19221923 . .19241925 . .19261927 ..19281929 .19301931..193219332-.. .1934=1935 .19361937
Total 1913-1936
Total1
285,215225,36541,29987,03298,086
129.263195,063159,939125,366135,011161,548129,047100,424'133,183'56,33331,267'24,34527,55444,859'47,633'
2.237,832
Jews
10,8604,845s
2802.0714,095'7,198'
13,701'7,799'6,920'7,534'5,58426 812'5,986'7,805'3,553'1,801!1,9622,2153,169«4.261s
5,178s
108,451
P. C.
3.812.150.682.384.185.577.024.885.525.583.465 285.965 866.315.768.068 047.068.95
4.85
1 Revista Economia Argentina, Buenos Aires.! Communicated by lea.•The figure includes 3,693 admitted during 1914; 606, during 1915; 324, during 1916;
90, during 1917 (slightly incomplete); and 132 during 1918 (slightly incomplete)—communicated by lea.
* Communicated by Consul General of Brazil, New York City.1 Communicated by Hias.• Communicated by Argentine Information Bureau.
TABLE XXVI
JEWISH IMMIGRATION TO UNION OF SOUTH AFRICA, 1930-19382
Year
1 9 3 0 1 . . . . . . . . .193111 9 3 2 ' . . . .1933"1934'19351
19361
1937'1938
Total 1930-1938
Total
5,9044,1403,0983,0314,7026,500
10,8407,9277,435
46,708
Jews
1,881885676745
1,1231,0783,330
954566
11,238
P. C.
31.8621.3821.8224.5823.8816.2930.7212,04
7.61
24.06
1 European immigration.1 Data obtained from the Department of Census and Statistics of the Union ofSo. Africa, through the courtesy of Percy Cowen, Esq.
608 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK
E. JEWISH IMMIGRATION TO PALESTINE
I. During 1938
Admissions.—Jewish immigration to Palestine, which,since 1935, the peak year, has shown a decided drop, con-tinued low in 1938, with only a slight increase over 1937.
A total of 11,441 immigrant Jews were admitted to thecountry during 1938, 85.29% of the total admitted, 13,415.In addition, 1,427 Jews who had entered the country astravelers or without permission and who had permanentlysettled there, were registered as immigrants, 77.22% of thetotal so registered, 1,848. Thus, a total of 12,868 Jews wereregistered as immigrants during the year, 84.31% of thetotal number of immigrants, 15,263. (The number of Jewsregistered in 1935 was 61,854, and in 1936, 29,727). Of thetotal number of Jews in 1938, 6,448 were men, 6,420 werewomen, and 1,884 children under 15 years of age.
During 1938, more than one-half (52.32%) of the Jewswho entered the country came from Germany (includingAustria); one-fourth (25.40%) from Poland; and the restcame from Roumania, Czechoslovakia, Yemen, Lithuania,Latvia, United States, Great Britain, France, Switzerland,Turkey, and a few other countries. The distribution ofJewish immigrants to Palestine as to the country of origin,in 1938, was fairly close to the distribution in 1937, exceptthat for Germany the ratio in 1938 was a little higher thanin the preceding year, and for Poland a little lower.
Departures.—The number of emigrants for 1938 was1,811, of whom 1,095 were Jews (60.46% of the total).The percentage of departures to admissions was 8.51% forJews and 29.90% for non-Jews, — fairly close to that forthe preceding year, with a somewhat lower ratio only fornon-Jews. We also have data for emigration by months;there is not much variation. The number of Jewish emi-grants ranges from 38 in the month of February to 115 inAugust.
Categories of Immigrants.—During 1938, nearly one-third(32.91%) of the Jews admitted or registered as immigrantswere persons coming to employment (or employed) and
STATISTICS OF JEWS 609
their dependents; 27.43% were persons with capital, or as-sured income or maintenance, with their dependents;19.93% were dependents of residents already in Palestine;and 19.69% were persons of religious occupation, and theirdependents, orphans coming to institutions, and studentswhose maintenance was assured.
The distribution of the non-Jewish immigrants was not-ably different from that of the Jewish newcomers. Morethan one-half (53.95%) of the non-Jewish immigrants wereadmitted under exemption from the immigration ordi-nance; 21.46% were dependents of Palestinian citizens;13.70% were persons of religious occupation, students andorphans; 9.64% were persons coming to employment andtheir dependents; and only 1.25% were persons of means.
There is no official information on the number of per-sons refused admission.
The monthly immigration of Jews, during 1938, as dis-tinguished from registration, averaged 953. The largestnumber (2,904) was admitted in September, and the small-est number (57) in April. The monthly average for non-Jews was 164, the largest number (339) being admitted inSeptember, and the smallest number (58) in April.
2. From 1917 to 1938
From the date of the British occupation of Palestine,December 9, 1917, to the end of 1938, a total of 310,271Jews entered the country, the yearly number varying be-tween 61,854 in 1935 and 2,178 in 1928. The number ofJews that departed between December 9, 1917 and the endof 1921, was small. But, during the decade from 1922 to1931, a total of 27,809 Jews emigrated, or 29.53% of thenumber admitted. Figures for emigration during the sec-ond half of 1932 and the years 1933-1935 are not available.During the ten years 1922-1931, the yearly emigration ofJews varied between 666 in 1931 and 7,365 in 1926; andthe percentage of Jewish emigration to Jewish immigrationvaried between 6.36% in 1925 and 99.54% in 1928, (in1936 it was 2.60%) while in 1927, Jewish emigration ex-ceeded Jewish immigration by 86.92%. The net immigra-tion of Jews during 1922-1931 was 66,353. One year, 1927,
610 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK
shows a decrease of 2,358 Jews, but all other years wit-nessed an increase of Jewish immigration over emigration,varying between 10 in 1928 and 31,650 in 1925. A totalof 23,014 non-Jews were admitted to the country during1922-1938; and an additional small number between De-cember 9, 1917 and May 31, 1921, for which period nostatistics of non-Jews were kept; and during 1922-1931,*a total of 13,309 departed, being 4,035 in excess of thenumber admitted. During 1922-1938, an average of7.32% of the yearly immigration was non-Jewish, theyearly percentage varying between 2.42% in 1925, and29.42% in 1928. The yearly immigration of non-Jewsvaried between 284 in 1922 and 2,395 in 1938, and theyearly emigration for 1922-1931, between 474 in 1924and 2,064 in 1926.
'No statistics on non-Jewish emigration from 1932 to 1935 are available
STATISTICS OF JEWS 611
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b
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612 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK
TABLE XXVIII
JEWISH IMMIGRANTS TO PALESTINE, BY SEX AND AGE, 1938
Total
SEXMalesFemales
AGEChildren under 1515 and over
Number
Total
15,263
8,1407,123
2,24213,021
Jews
12,868
6,4486,420
1,88410,984
Non-Jews
2,395
1,692703
3582,037
Distribution
Jews
100.00
50.1149.89
14.6485.36
Non-Jews
100.00
70.6529.35
14.9585.05
TABLE XXIX
JEWISH IMMIGRATION TO PALESTINE BY CATEGORIES, 1938
Total
CATEGORY Ai. Persons with L. P. 1,000 and upwards
ii. Members of liberal professions withnot less than L. P. 500
iii. Skilled artisans with not less thanL. P. 250
iv. Persons of minimum income of L. P.4 p. m
v. Persons with capital of not less thanL. P. 500
2. Dependents of persons in Category A
CATEGORY Bi. Orphans
ii. Persons of religious occupationiii. Students2. Dependents of persons in Category B
CATEGORY CPersons coming to employment
2. Dependents of persons in Category C
CATEGORY DDependents of residents of Palestine....
CATEGORY KPersons exempted from the provisions ol
the Immigration Ordinance
Number
Total
15,263
3,559
1,731
1
37
71,783
2,8621
2272,629
5
4,4662,7651,701
3,079
1,297
Jews
12,868
3,529
1,722
1
34
71,765
2,534
22,531
1
4,2352,5731,662
2,565
5
Non-Jews
2,395
30
9
3
18
3281
225984
23119239
514
1,292
Distribution
Jews
100.00
27.43
48.80
0.03
0.96
0.2050.01
19.69
0.0899.880.04
32.9160.7639.24
19.93
0.04
Non-Jews
100.00
1.25
30.00
10.00
60.00
13.700.30
68.6029.88
1.22
9.6483.1216.88
21.46
53.95
STATISTICS OF JEWS 613
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rit1 I
t * # ^ ^ " ^ *
* * * * wo,--"
* * * * o'S^'
es ^ ts •* oT vo ro e-J w «, * * # ^_ifl »
riNiOinNfOO
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614 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK
TABLE XXXI
PRINCIPAL COUNTRIES OF ORIGIN OF JEWISH IMMIGRANTSINTO PALESTINE, 1937-1938
Total
Poland
Yemen and Aden
LatviaUnited States of AmericaGreat Britain
SwitzerlandTurkeyOther Countries
Nun
1938
12,868
6 733*3,269
5194143341601299476693732
1,002
flber
1937
10,536
3,6013,636
31422033721811017283893844
1,674
Distribution
1938
100.00
52.3225.40
4.033.222.601.241.000.730.590.540.290.257.79
1937
100.00
34.1834.51
2.982.093.202.071.041.630.790.840.360.42
15.89
* Including Austria (2,510) .