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StatisticsStatisticsStorage Volume (Billion m3)
Installed Power
Generation Capacity (Mw)
Total FloodIrrigation & Hyrdopower
Dead
Tigris Basin
Mosul Dam 14.45 3.34 8.16 2.95 1035
Dokan Dam 7.90 1.10 6.10 0.70 400
Derbend-i Khan Dam 3.80 0.80 2.54 0.46 240
Hemrin Dam 3.95 1.45 2.20 0.30 50
Tharthar Lake 85.00 17.00 27.70 40.30 --
Total 115.10 23.69 46.70 44.71 1725
Euphrates Basin
Haditha Dam 9.90 1.70 7.98 0.22 660
Habbaniyah Lake 3.30 0.40 2.05 0.85
Razaza Lake 26.00 26.00 -- -- --
Sulaibat Depression 2.50 2.50 -- -- --
Total 41.70 30.60 10.03 1.07 660
Grand Total 156.80 54.29 56.73 45.78 2385
Area
Proportion (%) of Basin in:
Total Within
Area Iraq Turkey Iran Syria Iraq
km2 km2 % % % %
Tigris 471,158 235,000 17 29 0.2 54
Euphrates 444,000 177,000 28 -- 17 40
StatisticsStatistics
Annual Inflow Percentage of Inflow from:
Average Wet Dry
Turkey Iran Syria Iraq
km3 km3 km3
Tigris 49.4896.58 18.6
56 12 -- 32Year 1969 Year 1999
Euphrates 27.463.31 9.6
85 -- 12 3Year 1969 Year 2001
Total 76.88 159.89 28.2
Water FactsWater Facts
• Over 70% of Iraq’s water comes from TurkeyOver 70% of Iraq’s water comes from Turkey• 70% of flow occurs in 4 months ending in 70% of flow occurs in 4 months ending in
MayMay• No control or coordination of inflow from No control or coordination of inflow from
Turkey, Syria or IranTurkey, Syria or Iran• All reservoirs designed for carry-over storageAll reservoirs designed for carry-over storage• Over 100 water control structuresOver 100 water control structures• Total area of Iraq is 438,320 km2Total area of Iraq is 438,320 km2• Between 1985 to 2000, the marsh area was Between 1985 to 2000, the marsh area was
reduced from 14,777 to 2,291 km2reduced from 14,777 to 2,291 km2
Where will water for marsh Where will water for marsh restoration come from?restoration come from?
• On-farm water management efficiencies(~ 10%)On-farm water management efficiencies(~ 10%)• Concrete lining of canals (~ 10%)Concrete lining of canals (~ 10%)• Reallocation Treaty w/Turkey (15%)Reallocation Treaty w/Turkey (15%)• Volumetric water use fees (~ 10%)Volumetric water use fees (~ 10%)• Market prices for agricultural inputs (~ 15%)Market prices for agricultural inputs (~ 15%)• Retire farms with salinized soils (~ 10%)Retire farms with salinized soils (~ 10%)• Improve water distribution, forecasting (~5%)Improve water distribution, forecasting (~5%)• Rehabilitate old irrigation systems (~15%)Rehabilitate old irrigation systems (~15%)• ““Best Guess” : ~1%/yr increase (0.4 km3/yr)Best Guess” : ~1%/yr increase (0.4 km3/yr) (sustains marsh ~ 150 km2)(sustains marsh ~ 150 km2)
IRAQ
KUWAIT
SAUDI ARABIA
JORDAN
SYRIA
TURKEY
IRAN
Gulf
Baghdad
Euphrates
Tigris
Karkheh
Tharthar
Basra
The Southern Marsh Region of Iraq
K U W A I T
Hammar
Euphrates
I R A Q
I R A NTigrisal-Gharraf
al-Muminah
Central
Amarah
Hawizeh
Shatt al Arab
The Destruction of the Marshes
Hawizeh
Basra
Main Outfall Drain (MOD)
Tigris Flow Diverted to Depression
“Prosperity” River
Levees
Flow Diverted to Bypass Marsh
1972
1990
1997
K U W A I T
Hammar
Euphrates
I R A Q
I R A N
Tigris
al-Gharraf
al-Muminah
Central
Amarah
Hawizeh
Shatt al Arab
Restoration Projects In Supplemental Request
Hawizeh
Basra
Construct Regulators To Control Outflow and Water Level in Marsh
Build Gates to AllowTidal Flushing ofBasra Canals
Install Large Culverts Through Embankments For Accessing Euphrates River
K U W A I T
Hammar
Euphrates
I R A Q
I R A NTigrisal-Gharraf
al-Muminah
Central
Amarah
Hawizeh
Shatt al Arab
Restoration Projects Under Study
Hawizeh
Basra
12 3
4
5
6
1. Prosperity River Option A
2. Prosperity River Option B
3. Prosperity River Option C
4. Tidal Canal Restoration
5. Restore Tidal Canals in lower Shatt Al-Arab
6. Dalmage Lake Brackish Water Marsh
7. Musharah River Dredging to Maintain flow to Hawizeh Marsh
8. Abu Zaragh Marsh
7
8
K U W A I T
Hammar
Euphrates
I R A Q
I R A NTigrisal-Gharraf
al-Muminah
Central
Amarah
Hawizeh
Shatt al Arab
Restoration in Progress
Hawizeh
Basra
1
2
3
4
5
6
1. Abu Zaragh Marsh2. Flooding 3. Flooding4. Levee breach5. Increased flow to
Hawizeh marsh6. Block Diversion
from Euphrates to MOD
Marsh
Rice
Marsh
Rice
Rice
Marsh
Marsh
Rice
Euphrates
OPTION: PROSPERITY RIVER MARSH/AGRICULTURE
95 km long
2 km wide
~100 km2 of rice
~100 km2 of marshWeirs
2 km
2 km
tributaries
Main Outfall Drain
CURRENT MARSHLAND STATUSCURRENT MARSHLAND STATUSMertes, L. A. K., 2004, Synoptic monitoring of water's return to Mesopotamian
marshlands: EOS, American Geophysical Union Transactions, v. 33, p. 309-310NASA MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer)