Statistics to the Medieval 'Hell-Road' System

8/20/2019 Statistics to the Medieval 'Hell-Road' System

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Statistics to the Medieval 'Hell-Road' SystemJoannes Richter

Once upon a time somebody had to try and use Google-Maps for a statistical archaeological study. Ihad tried this tool a few years earlier, but those days the restrictions were too cumbersome. Now

howeer the deelopers had done their homewor! and improed the storage system. "ata are beingstored in my own Google account which is a #uite sophisticated approach.

$he %&ell-Road%-system had been based on loess, which - formed by the accumulation of wind- blown dust - coers around '() of the *arth%s surface. Loess belongs to the most fertile categoriesof agricultural soils and we must assume that the early settlers searched for these materials andarranged wars and ast migrations in search for better agricultural #uality.

$he %&ell-Roads% seemed to hae played a mayor role in the Meroingian empire of +lois I, who prepared the *uropean ran!ish empire for +harlemagne. lthough his name is Germanic +lois isimportant in the historiography of rance as the first !ing of what would become rance. "utch,the most closely related modern language to ran!ish, re-borrowed the name as Lodewijk from

German in the '/th century. In rench this name resulted in Louis.$he Meroingian !ing +lois I and the +arolingian emperor +harlemagne used the %&ell-Roads% asa communication bac!bone, but in fact the roads had e0isted before as a tool to connect the loess-deposits.

rom this insight I started reconstructing the %&ell-Road% by searching street-names in Google-Mapand documenting the 1&ell-Road as a 2oess-"eposit-Mar!er 3. $his map documents the mediealeconomy as a series of 1hot spots3 in agricultural actiity.

$he &ell-Road had been restricted by the use of loess, which is abundant in some areas, but thelimitations did not really allow a ast territory to be used for agricultural usage. In fact the *uropean

loess deposits seemed to be aailable as two narrow bands, which I defined as a northern and asouthern band. $hese bands seemed to hae proided the agricultural 1hot spots3, which may beidentified by the street names &ell-Road.

1: Northern and southern %&ell-Road%-reconstructions

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loesshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loesshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clovis_Ihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charlemagnehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dutch_languagehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankish_languagehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lodewijkhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lodewijkhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_(given_name)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clovis_Ihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clovis_Ihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charlemagnehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loesshttps://www.google.com/maps/d/edit?mid=zC0T97darHxw.k9TSrKZF-q-E&usp=sharinghttps://www.google.com/maps/d/edit?mid=zC0T97darHxw.k9TSrKZF-q-E&usp=sharinghttps://www.google.com/maps/d/edit?mid=zC0T97darHxw.k9TSrKZF-q-E&usp=sharinghttps://www.google.com/maps/d/edit?mid=zC0T97darHxw.k9TSrKZF-q-E&usp=sharinghttps://www.google.com/maps/d/edit?mid=zC0T97darHxw.k9TSrKZF-q-E&usp=sharinghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loesshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loesshttps://www.google.com/maps/d/edit?mid=zC0T97darHxw.k9TSrKZF-q-E&usp=sharinghttps://www.google.com/maps/d/edit?mid=zC0T97darHxw.k9TSrKZF-q-E&usp=sharinghttps://www.google.com/maps/d/edit?mid=zC0T97darHxw.k9TSrKZF-q-E&usp=sharinghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loesshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clovis_Ihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charlemagnehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dutch_languagehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankish_languagehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lodewijkhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_(given_name)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clovis_Ihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charlemagnehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loesshttps://www.google.com/maps/d/edit?mid=zC0T97darHxw.k9TSrKZF-q-E&usp=sharinghttps://www.google.com/maps/d/edit?mid=zC0T97darHxw.k9TSrKZF-q-E&usp=sharinghttps://www.google.com/maps/d/edit?mid=zC0T97darHxw.k9TSrKZF-q-E&usp=sharinghttps://www.google.com/maps/d/edit?mid=zC0T97darHxw.k9TSrKZF-q-E&usp=sharinghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loesshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loesshttps://www.google.com/maps/d/edit?mid=zC0T97darHxw.k9TSrKZF-q-E&usp=sharinghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loess


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4p to today my statistics in the search of the &ell-Road are not really complete, because I onlyincluded fre#uent names and e0cluded lots of garbled and deteriorated information. did set aminimum of at least around 5 names in a category to be registered.

&aing identified the couple of both 6the northern and southern7 loess-bands in the German map thestatistics also contain distinct categories for the northern names for the &ell-Road 6in German89&ellweg17 and the southern names 6such as 9&oell1 and 9&oellweg17.

remar!able abundance 6:;7 of rench street-names e0ceeds the northern German %&ell-Road%-numbers 6:(7, but if we add up the northern 6:(7 and southern 6';7 German names the oerallnumbers 6


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Overall statistics

$he basic !eywords for the &ell-Road system are8

Name German

(North)

Belgium NL German

(South)

ustria S!iss "rance

&ellweg 6=57 =5

&elstraat 6':7 '( :

&All 6'/7

&elle 6:7 '

&ellestraat 6:7 '

&Allweg 6:7 :

&ellerstrae 67

lter &ellweg 657 5&ellstrae 657 5

&elweg 657 ; /

&ellegat 6:7 5 /

&ellegatstraat 67 : /

Rue d'Enfer (3! ' ;5

Rue de l'Enfer (33! < /5

"rou d'Enfer (#! (5

Les Enfers (#! ' (=

Rue des Enfers (3! ' (/

Enfer (3! ' (/

#otals $% & & * $&

"a$le 1: %&erall statistics for the northern and southern % Hell-Road %-reconstructions

https://www.google.com/maps/d/edit?mid=zC0T97darHxw.k9TSrKZF-q-E&usp=sharinghttps://www.google.com/maps/d/edit?mid=zC0T97darHxw.k9TSrKZF-q-E&usp=sharinghttps://www.google.com/maps/d/edit?mid=zC0T97darHxw.k9TSrKZF-q-E&usp=sharinghttps://www.google.com/maps/d/edit?mid=zC0T97darHxw.k9TSrKZF-q-E&usp=sharing


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Contents

Oerall statistics...............................................................................................................................;&ellweg 6/5


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Hellweg (258)

• $he most fre#uent street-name is 9 Hellweg at a rate of =5. lso 9 Hellerstrae 607is #uitefre#uent.

• s a second name 9 Helstraat 1 is found '(0 in Delgium and : 0 in the Netherlands. lso

9 Hellestraat and 9&elle1 may be found 6each at a rate of :07. In Delgium we also identify9 Hallestraat 1 607.

• $he third main category includes '/ 0 9 H)ll 1 in Daaria 607 and ustria 607. In Daariaalso the name 9 H)llweg is found :0 #uite fre#uently.

$hese statistics illustrate the scattering of 9&ellweg1-names in the dense Ruhr-district of Germany,in Delgium, Daaria and ustria. In Daaria and ustria the 9 H)ll 1-names seem to hae been

preferred. $he northern areas prefer the cores 9&ell1 and 9&oll18

D B NL F Switzerland Austria Postal Code in Germany

' Hell!eg + =5 '5/;= - 55'=

/ Helstraat $ '( :

; H,ll ..%* / *& (Bavaria)

= Helle %$ ' ;/


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lter &ellweg lter &ellweg, ==;: "ortmund, Germany ' "

lter &ellweg lter &ellweg, 5


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&ellberg &ellberg, ;/alletal, Germany

&ellbergblic! &ellbergblic!, ;':al!ar, Germany

&ellendornstrae &ellendornstrae, =:5:= Goch, Germany

&ellen!amp &ellen!amp, ;(5; &annoer, Germany

&ellenstrae &ellenstrae, ='


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&ellerweg &ellerweg, ;:'5= Northeim, Germany / "

&ellerweg &ellerweg, 5;/ @t. Goar, Germany ; "

&ellerweg &ellerweg, =/5 Leimar, Germany = "

&elles Memorial &elles Memorial - ':(( *ceabatHana!!ale

&ellestraat &ellestraat- '( &ellestraat, Delgium

&ellestraat &ellestraat, /5(( 2ier, Delgium ' D

&ellestraat &ellestraat, /5;( Doechout, Delgium / D

&ellestraat &ellestraat, ;


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&ellweg &ellweg, =(orschenbroich, Germany // "

&ellweg &ellweg, ==5;/ 2nen, Germany /; "

&ellweg &ellweg, ==:


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&elstraat &elstraat, aiserslautern, Germany = "

&oellenweg &Allenweg, 5; Geisenheim, Germany ' "

&oellenwegstrae &Allenwegstrae, 55/


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&ollenstrae &ollenstrae, /leine &eleri! >leine &eleri!, ;:(( $ongeren, Delgium

>leiner &ellweg >leiner &ellweg, ;;'5= @al?!otten, Germany

2ipper &ellweg 2ipper &ellweg, Dielefeld, Germany Northeim &ellewege Northeim &ellewege

Oberer &ellweg Oberer &ellweg, ;/5


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Hellegat (Hell-Gates) (32)

• $he name 9Hellegat1 is found : 0 650 in Delgium and / 0 in the Netherlands7.• $he name 9Hellegatstraat1 is found 0 6:0 in Delgium and / 0 in the Netherlands7.

• $he name 9#rou d'1n2er1 is found 50 in rance.• $he name Rue du #rou d'1n2er is found ' 0.

m &ollenloch m &ollenloch, 5:=; ttendorn, Germany "

ort du $rou d%*nfer ort du $rou d%*nfer 6a bastion7

Groot &ellegat Groot &ellegat, Roermond N2

&ell &ole Lood &ell &ole Lood, Ripon, North Sor!shire &G=, 4nited >ingdom *

&ell 2ane &ell 2n, Dridport, "orset "$, 4nited >ingdom *

&ell 2ane &ell 2n, La!efield L=, 4nited >ingdom *

&ellegat =


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Polish Elements (10)

• Jasna V 9hell1 - 9bright1

• Fie!Wo V 9&ell1 - 14nderground3

&eller @trae, Dreslau Na Ostatnim Gros?u /=, 5=-/(:LrocWaw, Foland

Jasna Jasna, Pabr?e, Folen Jasna V 9hell1 - 9bright1

Jasna Jasna, >atowice, Folen Jasna V 9hell1 - 9bright1

Jasna Jasna, >ra!Xw, Folen Jasna V 9hell1 - 9bright1

Jasna Jasna, >rosno, Folen Jasna V 9hell1 - 9bright1

Jasna Jasna, @ano!, Folen Jasna V 9hell1 - 9bright1

Fie!Wo Fie!Wo, Folen Fie!Wo V 9&ell1 - 14nderground3Fie!Wo "olne Fie!Wo "olne, Folen Fie!Wo V 9&ell1 - 14nderground3

Fie!Wo GXrne Fie!Wo GXrne, Folen Fie!Wo V 9&ell1 - 14nderground3

Fie!Wo Fie!Wo, O?or!Xw, Folen Fie!Wo V 9&ell1 - 14nderground3

"a$le #: olish Ele2ents

In a web-lin! lte @traennamen, Breslau 6LrocWaw7, Folen I find a Heller trae, mostcomfortably including a translation to Folish ul. Na Ostatnim Groszu and a lin! to Google Maps.

$oday the &eller @treet at Dreslau loo!s impressie, but in '=' this road had been located at the

border of the city Fharus-Flan Dreslau Mittlere usgabe '8'=.((( 6Y '='7 close to the left of themap/.

/ Old Fharus maps are found in8 "ie Grosse @ammlung Kon ':' Fharus-Flne Kon Germany Z *uropa 6'(;-'=(7

http://www.polish-online.com/polen/staedte/breslau-alte-strassennamen.phphttp://www.polish-online.com/polen/staedte/breslau-alte-strassennamen.phphttp://www.polish-online.com/polen/staedte/breslau-alte-strassennamen.phphttp://www.polish-online.com/polen/staedte/breslau-alte-strassennamen.phphttps://maps.google.de/maps?q=ul.%20Na%20Ostatnim%20Groszu,%20Breslau%20(Wroc%C5%82aw),%20Polen&oe=UTF-8&gl=de&t=m&z=12http://www.landkartenarchiv.de/pharus.php?q=pharus_breslau_mittlereausgabe_1941http://www.landkartenarchiv.de/deutschland_stadtplaene_pharus.phphttp://www.landkartenarchiv.de/deutschland_stadtplaene_pharus.phphttp://www.landkartenarchiv.de/pharus.php?q=pharus_breslau_mittlereausgabe_1941http://www.landkartenarchiv.de/deutschland_stadtplaene_pharus.phphttp://www.polish-online.com/polen/staedte/breslau-alte-strassennamen.phphttp://www.polish-online.com/polen/staedte/breslau-alte-strassennamen.phphttp://www.polish-online.com/polen/staedte/breslau-alte-strassennamen.phphttps://maps.google.de/maps?q=ul.%20Na%20Ostatnim%20Groszu,%20Breslau%20(Wroc%C5%82aw),%20Polen&oe=UTF-8&gl=de&t=m&z=12http://www.polish-online.com/polen/staedte/breslau-alte-strassennamen.php


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Re !e l"En#er - an! the $wiss Pilgrim Rotes (11%)

• $he street-names 9Rue d'1n2er3 hae been found ; 0, most 6;57 of which is found in rance, andonly ' 0 in Delgium.

• $he street-names 9Rue de l'1n2er3 hae been found ;; 0, most 6/57 in rance, of which is

found in rance, and only < 0 in Delgium.• 9Rue des 1n2ers1 is found ; 0.

• 91n2er1 is found ; 0.

• 9Les 1n2ers1 is found = 0.

llTe des *nfers llTe des *nfers, ;;( Neuilly-Flaisance, rance

u0 *nfers u0 *nfers, 55;(( +hauoncourt, rance

enue de l%*nfer enue de l%*nfer, ::=(( Fomponne, rance

enue "enfert-Rochereau enue "enfert-Rochereau, :5('= Faris, rance+haussTe de &al +haussTe de &al, Nielles, Delgium

+hemin du &el +hemin du &el, 55( +omines, rance

*insiedeln &ellwegstation fr Lallfahrer

*nfer :


15/21

Flace de l%*nfer Flace de l%*nfer, /'(( "ouarnene?, rance

Flace "enfert-Rochereau

DarriEre d%*nfer 6Gate of &ell7 - Flace "enfert-Rochereau, :5('= Faris,rance

Forte d%*nfer Forte d%*nfer, 55'( 2oudenielle, rance %

Forte d%*nfer Forte d%*nfer, :=5( 2e Reposoir, rance

Rue d%*nfer Rue d%*nfer, (/''( Dohain-en-Kermandois, rance '

Rue d%*nfer Rue d%*nfer, ;5(( Redon, rance /

Rue d%*nfer Rue d%*nfer, 5:((( Met?, rance ;

Rue d%*nfer Rue d%*nfer, /'/(( Deaune, rance =

Rue d%*nfer Rue d%*nfer, '=5: Lalhain, Delgium 5 B

Rue d%*nfer Rue d%*nfer, ==((( Nantes, rance

Rue d%*nfer Rue d%*nfer, ''(( +orbeil-*ssonnes, rance :

Rue d%*nfer Rue d%*nfer, ;((( +lermont-errand, rance <

Rue d%*nfer Rue d%*nfer,


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Rue de l%*nfer Rue de l%*nfer, :'/( *stinnes, Delgium 5 B

Rue de l%*nfer Rue de l%*nfer, :;:( "our, Delgium B

Rue de l%*nfer Rue de l%*nfer, :;/' Dernissart, Delgium : B

Rue de l%*nfer Rue de l%*nfer, ==/( @aint-Nicolas, Delgium < B

Rue de l%*nfer Rue de l%*nfer, =/


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&'erian an! &talian Hellweg sections

rroyo del Infierno rroyo del Infierno, 5'((= +euta, @pain

+alle de *l Infierno +alle de *l Infierno, '=('( +Xrdoba, +Xrdoba, @pain

+alle Infierno +alle Infierno, =5/// Doro0, $oledo, @pain

*strada de isterra '5'/ *strada de isterra, +oruâ, @pain*strada de isterra *strada de isterra, '5'5( Pas, +oruâ, @pain

inistEre inistEre, rance

isterra isterra, +oruâ, @pain

isterra isterra, Froin? +oruâ, @pain

Fra?a Fo?o do inferno Fra?a Fo?o do inferno, ;/((/ Ourense, Ourense, @pain

R_a do +amiô de isterra R_a do +amiô de isterra, '5


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isco'rg locations (20)

$he $uisco-related names hae been included in search for the religion-based centers.

"eut? "eut?, >Aln, Germany

"iesburg "iesburg,


19/21

arolingian Palaces (38)

Palace

sselt Falace

Dad Limpfen FalaceDasel Falace

Durg $rifels Falace

"ahlum Falace

"ortmund Falace

"uisburg Falace

*ger Falace

orchheim Falace

ran!furt am Main Falace

Gelnhausen FalaceGoslar >aiserpfal? Falace

Gronau Falace

GrAna Falace

&agenau Falace

&erstal Falace

Ingelheim am Rhein Falace

>aiserslautern Falace

>aiserswerth Falace

>Aln FalaceMagdeburg Falace

Main? Falace

Memleben Falace

Merseburg Falace

Nimwegen Falace

Nrnberg Falace

Faderborn Falace

FAhlde Falace

\uedlinburg Falace@peyer 6@piers7 Falace

$illeda 6>yffhuser7 Falace

$rebur Falace

4trecht Falace

Lerlaburgdorf Falace

Lorms Falace

Putphen Falace

Prich Falace

"a$le : 6arolingian alaces


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ra!ing Rotes (13)

Main trading route &ellweg from ntwerpes by Faderborn-&A0ter-Magdeburg towards 2eip?ig-

"resden-GArlit?. In Delgium the labels &ellestraat andHor &elstraat are connection points@plit-up Bunction section for the &ellweg

&ellweg Magdeburg-&alle-2eip?ig-"resden-GArlit?

@ythener &ellweg between "lmen and &altern am @ee

@mall &ellweg 6&ilinciweg7

&ellweg or dem @antforde

&ellwege in Foland

Imaginary &ellweg-2ine

rminiusweg 6 and8 &ellweg under the Mountains7

@enner &ellweg$he ancient Kia Delgica from Doulogne-sur-Mer towards +ologne

Rue de l%*nfer ' 6&ellweg '7

Rue de l%*nfer / 6&ellweg /7

@outhern &ellweg section 6Froence-Daaria-ustria7


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*ontains (21)

2oess cannot be deposited at altitudes aboe ;((-=((m. $he following mountains hae beenincluded as restricted areas8

Le?ergebirge 6==(m7

&aarstranggebirge"as *gge Gebirge

$eutobrger Lald

&ohe Kenn Gebirge 6=m7

Droc!en 6''=/m7

Korgebirgte bis ?um Rand des *r?gebirges

rdennen 6ma0. 5(m7

@udetengebirge, Des!iden, Lald!arpaten

&oenderberg 6m7

>leerberg 6'(m7Keluwe 6'(m7

@tompert-Firamide-merongse Derg 6m7

uergne - ca. '=((-/(((m.

Dourgogne

Koge?en

"auphine GebirgeZ lpen

Maine Gebirge

Dretagne

&unsrc!

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Statistics to the Medieval 'Hell-Road' System

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